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(OWENIIDAE, ANNELIDA POLYCHAETA) from the YELLOW SEA and EVIDENCE THAT OWENIA FUSIFORMIS IS NOT a COSMOPOLITAN SPECIES B Koh, M Bhaud

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(OWENIIDAE, ANNELIDA POLYCHAETA) from the YELLOW SEA and EVIDENCE THAT OWENIA FUSIFORMIS IS NOT a COSMOPOLITAN SPECIES B Koh, M Bhaud DESCRIPTION OF OWENIA GOMSONI N. SP. (OWENIIDAE, ANNELIDA POLYCHAETA) FROM THE YELLOW SEA AND EVIDENCE THAT OWENIA FUSIFORMIS IS NOT A COSMOPOLITAN SPECIES B Koh, M Bhaud To cite this version: B Koh, M Bhaud. DESCRIPTION OF OWENIA GOMSONI N. SP. (OWENIIDAE, ANNELIDA POLYCHAETA) FROM THE YELLOW SEA AND EVIDENCE THAT OWENIA FUSIFORMIS IS NOT A COSMOPOLITAN SPECIES. Vie et Milieu / Life & Environment, Observatoire Océanologique - Laboratoire Arago, 2001, pp.77-86. hal-03192101 HAL Id: hal-03192101 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-03192101 Submitted on 7 Apr 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. VIE ET MILIEU, 2001, 51 (1-2) : 77-86 DESCRIPTION OF OWENIA GOMSONI N. SP. (OWENIIDAE, ANNELIDA POLYCHAETA) FROM THE YELLOW SEA AND EVIDENCE THAT OWENIA FUSIFORMIS IS NOT A COSMOPOLITAN SPECIES B.S. KOH, M. BHAUD Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Université P. et M. Curie - CNRS, BP 44, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer Cedex, France e-mail: [email protected] POLYCHAETA ABSTRACT. - Two Owenia fusiformis populations from différent geographical lo- OWENIIDAE cations were comparée! to assess whether this species has a truly cosmopolitan dis- NEW SPECIES tribution. The spécimens were collected in Gomso Bay (South Korean coast, MORPHOLOGY COMPLEX OF SPECIES Yellow Sea) and Banyuls Bay (south French coast, Mediterranean Sea). The com- parison leads to the érection of the new species Owenia gomsoni, whose principal characteristics are: the présence of spécifie colour patterns on the branchial stems and body sides in living animais; a branchial plume mounted on a base with five pairs of lobes; a marked, laterally incised, collar-like fold at the boundary between branchial plume and thorax; teeth of the bidentate hooks vertically offset; very elongated setae scales and a marked préférence for quartz grains during tube cons- truction. The présent observations on the new Yellow Sea species, complemented by others referred to in the paper, lead to a réduction in the distribution area of Owenia fusiformis Délie Chiaje. It is concluded that, in fact, the species is a com- plex. In conséquence, it cannot be considered cosmopolitan. POLYCHAETA RÉSUMÉ. - Deux populations à'Owenia fusiformis d'origine géographique diffé- OWENIIDAE rente ont été comparées pour vérifier si la distribution de l'espèce est réellement NOUVELLE ESPÈCE cosmopolite. Les spécimens ont été récoltés en Baie de Gomso (côtes de la Corée MORPHOLOGIE COMPLEXE D'ESPÈCES du Sud, Mer Jaune) et en Baie de Banyuls (côtes françaises de Méditerranée). La comparaison a conduit à la définition d'une nouvelle espèce Owenia gomsoni, dont les principales caractéristiques sont: la présence, sur l'animal vivant, de taches co- lorées spécifiques disposées à la base des branchies et sur les parois latérales du corps; un panache branchial émergeant d'une base constituée de cinq paires de lo- bes; un collier prononcé, incisé latéralement, représentant un pli circulaire du tégu- ment, disposé à la limite du panache branchial avec le thorax; les dents des crochets décalées verticalement; des écailles sétales très allongées; une préférence marquée pour les grains de quartz lors de la construction du tube. La définition de cette nou- velle espèce récoltée en Mer Jaune ainsi que d'autres observations, conduisent à ré- duire considérablement l'aire de distribution à' Owenia fusiformis délie Chiaje. En conclusion, cette espèce représente un complexe d'espèces et ne peut être consi- dérée comme cosmopolite. INTRODUCTION observations made with outdated means contribu- ting to the définition of many cosmopolitan species. In the genus Chaetopterus, Hartman Much of the current taxonomy of marine orga- (1959) synonymised 25 species and since then it nisais dates back to the 19th century. Many older has been considered monotypic with one highly va- studies were based on limited phenotypic and géo- riable cosmopolitan species Chaetopterus variope- graphie information, and it is questionable how datus (Renier). However, récent observations (Pe- adequately thèse earlier monographs summarise tersen 1984) reveal that the genus is not monotypic true biological diversity (Knowlton 1993, Klautau and that c. 10 species occur in the North Atlantic et al 1999). Among the Polychaeta, Chaetopteridae and adjacent waters alone. In Oweniidae, the genus and Oweniidae illustrate the influence of the past: Owenia was for a long time considered monotypic 78 KOH BS, BHAUD M 35'40'H 35*36H 35"32H Fig. 1. - A, Map of the collection area of Owenia gomsoni n. sp. The asterisk indicates the type locality; four squares give the location of O. gomsoni; the straight line displays a radial of which the continuous part was positive for Owe- nia; data given by Pr Hong, Univ of Inha. B, Présence of Owenia sp, on the Korean coasts, from the following référen- ces: Lee CG 1999 (A); KORDI 1993 (B), 1994 (D), 1995 (C); KEPCO 1992 (E); Lee JH 1976 (F) and 1986 (G). with only one species Owenia fusiformis. Despite in the Yellow Sea and in the Mediterranean Sea. many observations indicating morphological diffé- Représentatives of both Mediterranean and Yellow rences on spécimens from widely separate areas Sea populations are tube-building polychaetes that (Caullery 1944, Hartman 1955, Thomassin & Pi- commonly occur in dense assemblages in fine, card 1972), and the érection of two new species, muddy sand (Fager 1964, Dauvin & Gillet 1991, Owenia caudisetosa (Hartmann-Schrôder 1959) Somaschini 1993). The prostomium, fused to the and O. collaris (Hartman 1969), Dauvin & Thié- achaetous buccal segment, has a frilled food-gath- baut (1994) rejected thèse species and considered ering membrane mounted on a polylobed base and O. fusiformis to have a truly cosmopolitan distribu- surrounding the terminal mouth (Day 1967). The tion, with the exception of Antarctic waters. The thoracic région comprises three short segments, absence of O. fusiformis from the Antarctic was in each bearing only notopodia with capillary setae. fact unjustified, since it had already been reported Abdominal segments bear notopodial capillary in the South Shetland Islands by Hartman-Schrôder setae and neuropodial hooks composed of a long (1986) and more recently in the Ross Sea by Can- shaft and two recurved teeth at the apex. The tubes tone & Sanfilippo (1992). Despite this Worldwide project well above the surface of the sand in which distribution, the morphological différences linked they are embedded. to différent geographical distributions led us to ré- sume a meticulous morphological study based on individuals from widely separate biogeographical areas to assess whether O. fusiformis is truly a cos- THE MATERIAL mopolitan species. Among Polychaeta, several spe- cies complex were already identified (Wilson Jr 1983, Hartley 1984, Williams 1984, Mackie & The spécimens used in the présent study were collec- Pleijel 1995). ted at the type locality given by the asterisk in Fig. 1 (Latitude: 35°31 N; Longitude: 126°29'40 E) close to There are two possible approaches to the ques- Dongho, in Gomso estuary, at low tide, 800 m from the tion of a homogeneous Worldwide distribution of shore. The maximum density (N.m~2) for a patchy distri- Owenia fusiformis. i) If we accept that a truly cos- bution was 12 spécimens. The nature of the sédiment, mopolitan species must maintain genetic cohesive- characterised by the parameter 0, was médium sand ness mediated by gene flux throughout its distribu- (0=1.77); by comparison, the Mediterranean sédiment tion, a study of the larval dissémination from a in Banyuls Bay was a fine sand (0=2.6). The annual sea perfectly identified source may either confirm or surface température range is from 0.5 °C to 28.5 °C invalidate the reality of the gene flux, ii) The re- (Park & Park 2000). Owenia has been reported in other sults of larval dissémination may be examined parts of the Gomso estuary (Fig. 1A) and différent sour- through the morphological divergences or similari- ces also indicate its présence on the west and south coasts of South Korea (Fig. 1B). Lee J.H. (1976) used ties of widely separated benthic spécimens. The only the dénomination Owenia fusiformis, as Paik first group of questions, concerning the true dis- (1989) in his Fauna of Korea. Part of the material (ap- sémination of larvae, was examined in several proximately 40 individuals) collected during the period ways (Koh, in progress). For the présent paper, we 12-27 October 1999 was fixed with formaldehyde 5 %. used only direct, classical methods in a morpholog- The remainder (approximately 40 individuals) was trans- ical comparison between benthic material collected ported alive from Korea to France. Spécimens from the OWENIA GOMSONI NOV. SP. (OWENIIDAE: POLYCHAETA) 79 Mediterranean Sea were collected in Banyuls Bay during SYSTEMATICS the period 13-25 November 1999 using a van Veen grab, and kept alive in the laboratory. A pool of 14 individuals from the Yellow Sea and 20 from the Mediterranean Sea was used for measurements. The size of the animais va- FAMILY OWENIIDAE RIOJA 1917 ried with their origin; the total length of the body (mm ± OWENIA DELLE CHIAJE, 1844 sd) was 43.26 ± 2.95 and 23.05 ± 2.85 for the Yellow Owenia gomsoni, new species Sea and the Mediterranean spécimens, respectively. Dia- meter (mm ± sd) at the level of the branchial-thoracic Etymology: the name reflects the collection area: the Bay of Gomso near the town of Kochang on the west transition was 2.33 ± 0.30 and 0.99 ± 0.12 for the Yel- coast of South Korea (Fig.
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