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AFGH ANALY Mazar-E Sharif 2020 07 21 Final Analyse der Staatendokumentation Afghanistan Informationen zu sozioökonomischen und sicherheitsrelevanten Faktoren in der Provinz Balkh auf Basis von Interviews im Rahmen der FFM Mazar-e Sharif 2019 Katharina HEUGL, BA MA Wien, am 21.07.2020 This projekt was co-financed by the Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund Disclaimer Das gegenständliche Produkt der Staatendokumentation des Bundesamtes für Fremdenwesen und Asyl wurde gemäß den vom Staatendokumentationsbeirat beschlossenen Standards und der Methodologie der Staatendokumentation erstellt (Mai 2016 https://www.staatendokumentation.at/site/assets/files/1040/methodologie-der-bfa- staatendokumentation-2016-12-20.pdf). Analysen der Staatendokumentation beinhalten die Sammlung, Zusammenfassung und Analyse von Informationen sowie daraus resultierende Schlussfolgerungen zu einem bestimmten relevanten Themenbereich ausgewählter Herkunftsstaaten. Dieses Produkt enthält Arbeitsübersetzungen fremdsprachiger Quellen. Der Inhalt dieser Publikation basiert auf Interviews, die während einer Fact Finding Mission in Camp Marmal nahe Mazar-e Sharif, Provinz Balkh, im Zeitraum von 19.-27.10.2019 mit in Afghanistan tätigen Experten und Expertinnen geführt wurden. Zum besseren Verständnis wurden in manchen Fällen Sekundärquellen zur Ergänzung der Informationen hinzugezogen. Bei der Auswertung der Informationen wurde auf größtmögliche wissenschaftliche Sorgfalt sowie Ausgewogenheit und Objektivität Wert gelegt. Alle verwendeten Informationen sind mit Quellen belegt. Das vorliegende Produkt wurde im Sinne der Qualitätssicherung vor Veröffentlichung einem Peer Review zugeführt. Die im Produkt enthaltenen Ausführungen erheben keinen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit. Aus dem vorliegenden Produkt ergeben sich insbesondere keine Schlussfolgerungen für die rechtliche Beurteilung eines konkreten Verfahrens im Asyl- und Fremdenwesen. Die Analyse stellt auch keine wie auch immer geartete allgemeine oder individuelle Entscheidungsvorgabe dar. Das vorliegende Dokument kann insbesondere auch nicht als politische Stellungnahme seitens der Staatendokumentation, des Staatendokumentationsbeirates sowie des Bundesamtes für Fremdenwesen und Asyl gewertet werden. Die Analyse geht weder auf die Auswirkungen der Corona-Virus-Pandemie ein, noch auf eventuelle Maßnahmen gegen diese, wie etwa Einstellungen des Reiseverkehrs in- oder aus einem Land oder Bewegungseinschränkungen im Land. Dies betrifft insbesondere auch Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheitsversorgung, die Möglichkeiten zur Selbst-Quarantäne, die Versorgungslage, wirtschaftliche, politische und andere Folgen, die derzeit nicht absehbar sind. .BFA Bundesamt für Fremdenwesen und Asyl Seite 2 von 107 Inhaltsverzeichnis Danksagung ............................................................................................................................. 6 Abkürzungsverzeichnis ............................................................................................................. 7 Glossar ..................................................................................................................................... 8 1. Einleitung ............................................................................................................................ 16 2. Allgemeine Informationen über die Provinz Balkh .............................................................. 19 3. Sozioökonomische Aspekte ................................................................................................ 21 3.1. Landwirtschaft in Balkh ................................................................................................ 23 3.2. Arbeitsmarktsituation und Arbeitssuche in Mazar-e Sharif ........................................... 25 3.2.1. Projekte: Beispiel „Recycling Plant Value Chain in Northern Afghanistan“ ................ 28 3.2.2. L öhne in Mazar-e Sharif ............................................................................................ 28 3.3. L ebenserhaltungskosten in Mazar-e Sharif .................................................................. 30 3.3.1. W ohnungsmarkt in Mazar-e Sharif ............................................................................ 30 3.3.2. Lebensmittelpreise in Mazar-e Sharif ........................................................................ 31 3.3.3. Dürre und Flut in Balkh .............................................................................................. 33 3.4. Internally displaced persons (IDPs) in M azar-e Sharif .................................................. 33 4. Infrastruktur ........................................................................................................................ 37 4.1. Gesundheitsversorgung in Balkh .................................................................................. 37 4.1.1. Psychiatrische und psychologische Betreuung .......................................................... 39 4.1.2. Kosten und Zugang zu Gesundheitsdiensten ............................................................ 40 4.2. V erkehrswesen ............................................................................................................ 41 4.3. Telefonnetzwerke ......................................................................................................... 43 5. Sicherheitslage ................................................................................................................... 45 5.1. A kteure in der Provinz Balkh ........................................................................................ 46 5.1.1. Regierungsfreundliche Kräfte .................................................................................... 47 5.1.2. Taliban: Organisation und Rekrutierung .................................................................... 48 5.2. K onfliktmuster in der Provinz Balkh .............................................................................. 49 5.3. G ebietskontrolle ........................................................................................................... 51 5.4. E rreichbarkeit: sicherheitsrelevante Aspekte ................................................................ 59 5.5. Sicherheitslage in Mazar-e Sharif ................................................................................. 63 5.5.1. K onfliktbezogene Gewalt ........................................................................................... 63 .BFA Bundesamt für Fremdenwesen und Asyl Seite 3 von 107 5.5.2. Kriminalität ................................................................................................................ 66 6. Kinder und Schulbildung ..................................................................................................... 68 6.1. Kinderarbeit in Mazar-e Sharif ...................................................................................... 70 6.2. Kinder mit Behinderung ................................................................................................ 70 7. Frauen ................................................................................................................................ 72 7.1. Bewegungsfreiheit von Frauen in Balkh ....................................................................... 73 7.2. B ekleidungsvorschriften für Frauen in Balkh ................................................................ 76 7.3. Berufstätigkeit von Frauen in Balkh .............................................................................. 77 7.4. Wohnmöglichkeiten für Frauen in Balkh ....................................................................... 79 7.5. Gesundheitsversorgung für Frauen in Balkh ................................................................ 80 7.6. G ewalt gegen Frauen, Scheidung und Rechtsbeistand ................................................ 80 7.7. Z ugang zu Dokumenten für Frauen .............................................................................. 81 8. Rückkehr ............................................................................................................................ 82 8.1. Hilfe für Rückkehrer ...................................................................................................... 83 8.1.1. Hilfe für f reiwillige Rückkehrer aus Europa, Australien und der Türkei ...................... 84 8.1.1.1. F reiwillige Rückkehrer mit speziellen Be d ürfnissen ................................................ 87 8.1.2. Hilfe für Rückkehrer aus dem Iran und Pakistan ....................................................... 88 8.2. Direkte Rückführungen a us der Türkei nach Mazar-e Sharif ........................................ 89 8.3. Familiäre Netzwerke ..................................................................................................... 91 8.4. Reintegration der Rückkehrer in die afghanische Gesellschaft .................................... 91 8.5. Diskriminierung von Rückkehrern aus Europa .............................................................. 92 9. Dokumente ......................................................................................................................... 94 9.1. D okumente und Melde erfordernisse beim Mieten einer Wohnung ............................... 95 9.2. Grundbuch ................................................................................................................... 96 9.3. Dokumente zur Unternehmensgründung ...................................................................... 96 10. Rechtsprechung, Streitbeilegungsmechanismen
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