Chamber of Deputies ( Council National aunicameral has It Monaco is a constitutional monarchy. Previous elections: 10 2013 February 11 2018 February Legislative elections Principalty ofMonaco ticular political significance. par of are that territory relevant other held in autonomous entities or in any includes referenda and those elections also list The order. cum-Mediterranean independent states, presented in cir 2018 in in place took that elections results of presidential and legislative the of details provides chapter This Observatory Electoral Mediterranean eight members are elected through through elected are members eight in multi-member constituencies and vote majority by elected are members Conseil National Parties Centre-left coalition Movimento 5Stelle(populism,anti-establishment,euro-scepticism,directdemocarcy. catch-all) Centre-right coalition Turnout: 72.94 South AmericanUnionItalianEmigrants Associative MovementItaliansAbroad Free andEqual(socialdemocracy) South Tyrolean Trentino Tyrolean People’sParty(SVP)- AutonomistParty(regionalism,autonomism.centre-left) Popular CivicList Together (centre-left) More Europe(pro-europeanism) Democratic Party(socialdemocracy, Christian left.centre-left) Us withItaly–UdC Fratelli d’Italia(nationalconservatism,Christiandemocracy, liberalism.right) Forza Italia(liberalconservatism,Christiandemocracy. centre-right) Lega Nord(federalism,regionalism,euroscepticism,anti-globalization.catch-all-party) ) with 24 seats. 16 24 seats. ) with - - tion system. tion open-list proportional representaan with a bicameral perfectly legislature. Italy is a unitary parliamentary republic Previous elections: 24 February2013. 4 March 2018 Legislative elections Italy Turnout: 70.4% Turnout: Parties Horizon Monaco Monaco Horizon Monaco !Priorité Primo Union Monégasque union) (liberalism, national (liberalism) monarchism) conservatism, (fiscal liberalism, social
26.1 57.7 16.2 % Seats 21 2 1 - abroad to serve five-year terms. five-year to serve abroad living Italians from elected are six and representationregional proportional 193 in multi-member constituencies, by member constituencies, by plurality; 116 single- in which of elected bers are ( Senate the In terms. five-year serve tional representation, are elected to citi ian 12 Ital and from representation) tional byconstituencies, national propor multi-member in 386 plurality; by cies, cies (232 in single-member constituen 618 are elected from Italian constituen dei Deputati ( Deputies of Chamber the In Senato della Repubblica Senato Propor tional zens living abroad by propor by abroad living zens 151 133 14 86 88 19 59 73 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 - ) 630 members, of which which of members, ) 630 First-past- the-post 111 21 28 12 46 49 93 Seats 0 0 0 2 2 1 2 4 Italians Italians abroad ), 315 mem 0 5 6 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 3 1 Camera Total 112 122 104 125 265 227 14 32 1 1 4 2 1 3 4 ------
IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 413 Mediterranean Electoral Observatory Appendices IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 414 Mediterranean Electoral Observatory Appendices a 4% threshold. minorities. Theconstitutionestablishes members oftheItalianandHungarian other twoareelectedbytheregistered tional representation system, and the are electedthroughan open-list propor- four-year term.Ofthose,88deputies Zbor) countswith90seatstoservea where theNationalAssembly(Drzavni has abicamerallegislativesystem, Slovenia isaparliamentaryrepublic.It Previous elections: 13July 2014 3 June 2018 Legislative elections Slovenia Senate Parties Parties Democratic Pensioners’ Bratušek Alenka of Party –Christian Slovenia New The Left (eco socialism) Party Centre Modern Social Democrats (SD) List of Marjan Šarec Slovenian Democratic Turnout: 73.01 South AmericanUnionItalianEmigrants Associative MovementItaliansAbroad Free andEqual(Socialdemocracy) Centre-left coalition Movimento 5Stelle(populism,anti-establishment,euro-scepticism,directdemocarcy. catch-all) Centre-right coalition (DESUS) (single-issue) Slovenia of Party (ZaAB) (liberalism) conservatism) Democrats (NSI) (social (SMC) (social liberalism) (social democracy) (liberalism) (conservatism) (SDS) Party Aosta Valley autonomism. (regionalism, Party Autonomist Tyrolean Trentino (SVP)- Party People’s Tyrolean South Popular Civic List Together (centre-left) More Europe (pro-europeanism) Democratic (social Party democracy, Christian left. centre-left) Italy–UdC with Us Fratelli d’Italia (national conservatism, Christian democracy, liberalism. right) Forza Italia (liberal conservatism, Christian democracy. centre-right) Lega Nord (federalism, regionalism, euro scepticism, anti-globalization. catch-all-party) Centre-left) 12.6 24.9 % 4.9 5.1 7.2 9.3 9.8 9.9 Seats 10 10 13 25 5 5 7 9 Bosniak representative them every eight months. ship ofthepresidencyrotatesamong four-year term,althoughthechairman- lika Srpska.Thethreeofthemservea and theSerbiselectedfromRepub- Federation ofBosniaandHerzegovina, atives areelectedbycitizensfromthe ties. TheBosniakandCroatrepresent- belonging tothethreeethniccommuni- through apluralityvotingsystem,each composed bythreememberselected mentary republic.Thepresidencyis Bosnia andHerzegovinaisaparlia- Previous elections: 12October 2014 7 October 2018 Presidential elections Bosnia Denis Be Turnout: 52.6% Slovenian National Party Minorities (Hungarian and Šefik D Šefik Candidates (centre-right) Democratic Action (SDA) democracy) (social (SDPBiH) Party (nationalism) interests) Italian minorities’ ž aferovi ć irovi ć ć , Social Democratic , Party of of , Party 4.2 36.6 33.5 % 4 2 Serb representative Croat representative Amer Jerlagi Gojko Kli Senad Šepi General turnout: 54.0% Mirjana Popovi Mladen Ivanic, Alliance for Victory of Alliance Dodik, Milorad Candidates Ž Candidates Had Mirsad a for Union Radoncic, Fahrudin Jerko Ivankovi Jerko Boriša Falatar, Our (social Party Diana Zelenika, Croatian Dragan Covic, Croatian Democratic eljko Komši eljko (conservative) Party ofParty Republika Srpska Herzegovina (Bosniak nationalism) Progress (social-liberalism) Betterment and Work for Party (conservatism) (Serbian nationalism) Independent Social Democrats (conservatism) (SBB) Future Better Democratic Party liberalism) (HDZ-1990) (conservatism) Democratic Union 1990 Union (HDZ BiH) (conservatism) (DF) (social democracy) Propor tional 43 44 68 33 37 77 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 7 č kovi - ž ć ć ć ikadi , Independent Bloc , Party for Bosnia and and Bosnia for , Party , Democratic Front Front , Democratic ć ć First-past- -Lijanovi ć , First Serb Serb , First the-post , Serb Progressive Progressive , Serb ć , Platform for for , Platform 14 44 23 21 58 Seats 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 1 4 9 8 ć , People’s Italians Italians abroad 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 2 0 2 10.1 42.7 53.9 12.9 36.1 52.6 Total 112 137 5.2 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.5 3.7 6.0 % % 18 53 60 57 58 1 1 4 1 3 1 1 1 4 Zastupni tablished. publika Srpska.A3%thresholdises- vina, and14bycitizensfromtheRe- the FederationofBosniaandHerzego- 28 deputiesare elected by citizens from tion systemtoserveafour-yearterm. an open-listproportionalrepresenta has 42seatswhichareelectedthrough Representatives (Predstavni legislative system,wheretheHouseof mentary republic.Ithasabicameral Bosnia andHerzegovinaisaparlia- Previous elections: 12October 2014 7 October 2018 Legislative elections Turnout: 54.03% Parties Party of Democratic Action Action Democratic of Party Alliance of Independent Independent of Alliance Party of Democratic Democratic of Party Socialist Party Movement of Democratic Independent Bloc Our (social Party liberal) Future aBetter for Union Democratic People’s Democratic of Party (DF) Front Democratic Croatian Democratic Union Social Democratic of Party Serbian Democratic Party nationalism, centre-right) (Bosnian (SDA) democracy, separatism) nationalism, social (Serbian (SNSD) Social Democrats conservatism) nationalism, (Bosnian (ASDA) Activity conservatism) nationalism, Action (Bosnian (conservatism) (conservatism) (SBB) conservatism) nationalism, Alliance (DNS) (Serbian Conservatism) nationalism, (Serbian (PDP) Progress (social democracy) conservatism) nationalism, allies (Croatian and BiH) (HDZ BiH of democracy) (social (SDP) BiH nationalism) (Serbian (SDS) č ki dom/Представнички дом) 17.0 16.0 1.8 1.9 2.3 2.5 2.9 4.2 4.2 5.1 5.8 9.1 9.1 9.8 % č ki dom/ Seats 9 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 5 5 3 6 - a five-year term. a through atwo-roundsystemto serve is elected by absolute majority vote Presidential Republic,thePresident and 24 February 2013 Previous elections:17February2013 28 January2018and4February Presidential Elections Republic ofCyprus serve a five-year term. elected usingthetwo-roundsystemto lic in which the President is directly Montenegro is a Parliamentary Repub- Previous elections: 7 April 2013 15 April 2018 Presidential elections Montenegro nia and the Republic of Greece? ment between the Republic of Macedo membership by accepting the agree favour ofEuropeanUnionandNATO The textofthequestionwas:Areyouin result. 50 percentthresholdtovalidatethe turnout wasrequired to be over the the EuropeanUnionandNATO. Voter prevented FYROMfromjoiningboth 27-year namingdispute, which had and Greece,whichaimedtosettlethe “Prespa agreement” between FYROM NATO membership by accepting the asked whethertheysupportedEUand A referendumwasheldwithvoters 30 September 2018 Referendum FYROM Draginja VuksanoviDraginja No Yes Options Turnout: 63.9% Turnout: 36.89% Milo Đukanovi Candidates Mladen Bojani Mladen Marko Mila Marko of Socialists of Montenegro) Democratic Party) č i ć (True Montenegro) ć ć (Democratic Party Independent ć (Social 94.18 33.4 53.9 5.82 % % 2.8 8.2 - - solute majority in the first round. one ofthecandidatesachievinganab- ond roundwasnotnecessarydueto system to serve a five-year term. A sec- solute majorityvotethroughatwo-round Turkey. ThePresidentiselectedbyab- head of state and head of government of the electedPresidentwillbeboth ing theconstitutionalchangesin2017, Turkey isapresidentialrepublic,follow- Previous elections: 10August 2014 24 June 2018 Presidential elections Turkey Parliamentary electionsnationwide, the obtain atleast10%ofvotescast inthe gain a seat in Parliament, a party must to tion in87electoraldistricts.Inorder ed byparty-listproportionalrepresenta of 600seats.Themembersareelect kiye BüyükMilletMeclisi)iscomposed Grand NationalAssemblyofTurkey (Tür Turkey isapresidentialrepublic.The Previous elections:1November2015 24 June 2018 Legislative elections Tayyip Erdo Giorgios Lillikas (Citizens’ Christos Christou, Nikolas Papadopoulos Malas Stavros Nikos Anastasiades Muharrem Muharrem Selahattin Demirta Turnout: 71.88% (1 71.88% Turnout: Candidates Turnout: 86.24% Candidates Meral Ak Meral Alliance) (ELAM)) Front Popular (National (Democratic Party) working People) of Party (Progressive (Democratic Rally) (conservatism) Development (AKP) Party democracy) (social (CHP) Party People’s (left-wing, minority rights) (HDP) Party Democratic ş ener, İ nce, Republican ğ an, Justice and and Justice an, st round) and 73.97% (2 73.97% and round) İ y i Party ( Party ş , Peoples’ İ Y İ ) round 25.74 30.24 35.51 % 1 2.18 5.65 nd round) st
round round 52.59 30.64 44.01 55.99 % 2 % 1 7.29 8.40 nd st
- - -
IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 415 Mediterranean Electoral Observatory Appendices IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 416 Mediterranean Electoral Observatory Appendices cies withconfessionaldistribution. tation in15multi-memberconstituen tem isbasedonproportionalrepresen and Muslimmembers.Thevotingsys- are equally dividedbetween Christian religion, toserveafour-yearterm.Seats encies, basedbothongeographyand plurality voteinmulti-memberconstitu- seats. Thedeputiesareelectedbya sembly (Majlisal-Nuwab)with128 Lebanon hasaunicameralNationalAs- Previous elections: 7 June 2009 6 May 2018 Legislative Elections Lebanon threshold. means ofjointlysurpassingtheelection the electionunderformalalliancesasa parties weregiventheabilitytocontest the electionalliancelawinearly2018, to independents.Withtheapprovalof parliamentary thresholddoesnotapply Nation Alliance Turnout: 86.23% Parties People’s Alliance democracy) (social (CHP) Party Republican People’s minority rights) (left-wing, (HDP) Party People’s Democratic nationalism) (Turkish (MHP) Party Nationalist Movement İ (conservatism, Islamism) (AKP) Party Justice and Development y i Party 22.64 11.70 11.10 42.56 33.94 53.66 9.96 % Seats 146 295 189 344 67 49 43 - - serve afour-yearterm.Asecondround ity votethroughatwo-roundsystemto President iselectedbyabsolutemajor- Egypt isapresidentialrepublic.The Previous elections: 26May 2014 26 and 28March 2018 Presidential elections Egypt Amal-Hezbollah and allies and parties Alliances Turnout 49.68% Free Patriotic Movement and allies Movement of the Future (liberal) (liberal) Future the of Movement Lebanese Forces (Christian Saaba Party Bloc Khazen El National Dialogue Party Bloc Murr Marada Movement Kataeb (Christian Party democrat) Movement Azm Progressive Socialist (social Party Independents Popular Nasserist Organization Union Party Al-Ahbash Dignity movement Syrian Social Nationalist Party pro-Amal and Movement Amal Hezbollah (Islamist) and Independence Movement Lebanese Democratic Party RevolutionaryArmenian Free Patriotic Movement (centrist) and allies democrat) and allies and democrat) democrat) independents pro-Hezbollah independents Federation (socialist) independents and pro-FPM Seats 40 13 29 17 24 20 15 2 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 3 3 4 9
dates ran for election. was notnecessaryasonlytwocandi- http://pomed.org Project on Middle East Democracy http://psephos.adam-carr.net Psephos Adam Carr’sElection Archive www.parties-and-elections.eu Parties and Elections in Europe www.opemam.org (OPEMAM) in the Arab and Muslim World Observatory on Politics and Elections www.ndi.org National Democratic Institute www.idea.int and Electoral Assistance International InstituteforDemocracy www.electionguide.org Systems (IFES) –ElectionGuide International FoundationforElectoral asp www.ipu.org/parline-e/parlinesearch. database on national parliaments Inter-Parliamentary Union –PARLINE https://freedomhouse.org Freedom House www.robert-schuman.eu Fondation Robert Schuman www.electoralgeography.com/new/en/ Electoral Geography2.0 www.mherrera.org/elections.html Electoral Calendar Sources Moussa Mostafa Moussa, El-Ghad Abdel Fattah al Sisi Candidates Turnout: 41.05% Party round 97.08 % 1 2.92 st