“Filogenia De Salvia Secc. Polystachyae (Lamiaceae)"

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“Filogenia De Salvia Secc. Polystachyae (Lamiaceae) UNIVERSIDAD MICHOACANA DE SAN NICOLÁS DE HIDALGO FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA DIVISIÓN DE ESTUDIOS DE POSGRADO PROGRAMA INSTITUCIONAL DE DOCTORADO EN CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS ³)LORJHQLDGHSalvia secc. Polystachyae (Lamiaceae)" TESIS Como requisito para obtener el grado de Doctor en Ciencias Biológicas en Conservación y Manejo de Recursos Naturales presenta Brenda Yudith Bedolla García Director de Tesis: Dra. Sabina Irene Lara Cabrera Morelia, Michoacán, agosto de 2012 Tabla de contenido Lista de cuadros ............................................................................................................................ iii Lista de figuras ............................................................................................................................. iv Dedicatoria .................................................................................................................................... vi Agradecimientos .......................................................................................................................... vii Resumen ........................................................................................................................................ ix Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... x Introducción general ..................................................................................................................... 1 Literatura citada ........................................................................................................................... 5 Capítulo I. Filogenia preliminar de Salvia clado Polystachyae/Iodanthae/Purpureae (Lamiaceae) basado en secuencias nucleares y AFLP ................................................................ 9 Resumen ...................................................................................................................................... 9 Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 10 Introducción ............................................................................................................................... 11 Materiales y métodos ................................................................................................................. 15 Resultados .................................................................................................................................. 23 Discusión ................................................................................................................................... 25 Literatura citada ......................................................................................................................... 36 Capítulo II. Dos nuevas especies de Salvia (Lamiaceae) del centro occidente de México ..... 62 Resumen .................................................................................................................................... 62 Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 63 Salvia mcvaughii Bedolla, Lara et Zamudio sp. nov. ................................................................ 64 Salvia purepecha Bedolla, Lara et Zamudio sp. nov. ................................................................ 67 Agradecimientos ........................................................................................................................ 71 Literatura citada ......................................................................................................................... 73 Capítulo III. Salvia tonaticensis (Lamiaceae): a new species from the State of Mexico, Mexico ........................................................................................................................................... 74 Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 74 Resumen .................................................................................................................................... 74 i Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 75 Salvia tonaticensis Ramamoorthy ex Lara, Bedolla et Zamudio sp. nov .................................. 76 Additional specimens examined ................................................................................................ 78 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... 81 Literature cited ........................................................................................................................... 81 Capítulo IV. Revisión taxonómica de Salvia sec. Polystachyae (Lamiaceae) ......................... 89 Resumen .................................................................................................................................... 89 Introducción ............................................................................................................................... 90 Delimitación del grupo de estudio ............................................................................................. 92 Historia taxonómica ................................................................................................................... 95 Materiales y métodos ................................................................................................................. 97 Tratamiento taxonómico ............................................................................................................ 98 Literatura citada ....................................................................................................................... 152 Especies excluidas ................................................................................................................... 158 Conclusiones generales y perspectivas futuras ....................................................................... 164 ii Lista de cuadros Capítulo I Cuadro 1. Especies de las sec. Polystachyae, Iodanthae y Purpureae sensu Epling y las reconocidas durante la revisión taxonómica««««««««««««.«««««««... 50 Cuadro 2. Especies PXHVWUHDGDV««««««««««««««««..««««««««2 Cuadro 3. Porcentaje de variación infragenérica en Lamiaceae utilizando la región nuclear ITS..................................................................................................................................................58 Capítulo II Cuadro 1. Cuadro comparativo de caracteres morfológicos de Salvia mcvaughii, S. purepecha y S. polystachya«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««7 Capítulo III Table 1. Comparison of the morphological characteristics of Salvia tonaticensis and S. connivens«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««5 Capítulo IV Cuadro 1. Especies que conforman las secciones Polystachyae, Iodanthae y Purpureae sensu Epling««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««9 iii Lista de figuras Capítulo I Fig. 1. Árbol Bayesiano de consenso de mayoría basado en 200,000 árboles con secuencias nucleares ITS««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««59 Fig. 2. Árbol Bayesiano de consenso de mayoría basado en 200,000 árboles con secuencias nucleares (ITS y ETS) y AFLP««««««««««««««««««««««««60 Fig. 3. Características de las flores y cálices de diferentes especies del clado PIP«««««61 Capítulo II Fig. 1. Salvia mcvaughii Bedolla, Lara et Zamudio (R. Rendón 476).........................«««..«65 Fig. 2. Salvia purepecha Bedolla, Lara et Zamudio (A. Martínez L. 293)««««««««69 Fig. 3. Mapa de distribución de Salvia mcvaughii y S. purepecha..«««««««««««70 Fig. 4. Caracteres relevantes««..««««««««««««««««...««««.«««72 Capítulo III Fig. 1. Relevant characters of Salvia tonaticensis««««««««««««««««««86 Fig. 2. Geographical distribution of Salvia tonaticensis««««««««..«««««««87 Fig. 3. Different structures of Salvia tonaticensis«««««««««««««««««8 Capítulo IV Fig. 1. Distribución geográfica de Salvia areolata, S. eizi-matudae y S. iodantha««««61 Fig. 2. Distribución geográfica de Salvia purpurea«««««««««««««««««61 Fig. 3. Distribución geográfica de Salvia raveniana, S. curviflora, S. littae, S. purepecha y S. mcvaughii«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««...««...«62 Fig. 4. Distribución geográfica de Salvia connivens, S. tonalensis, S. perblanda y S. brachyodonta««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««62 iv Fig. 5. Distribución geográfica de Salvia plurispicata, S. decora y S. filipes«««««««3 Fig. 6. Distribución geográfica de Salvia polystachia y S. compacta«««««««««3 v Dedicatoria A mis padres como símbolo de gratitud por el amor incondicional que siempre me han manisfestado vi Agradecimientos Me gustaría que estas líneas sirvieran para expresar mi más profundo y sincero agradecimiento a todas aquellas personas que con su ayuda han colaborado en la realización de la presente tesis, en especial al Dra. Sabina Lara Cabrera, directora de esta investigación, por la orientación, el seguimiento y la supervisión continua de la misma, pero sobre todo por el apoyo y confianza en mí como persona y en mi trabajo. A mi comité tutoral: Dra. Gabriela Dominguez, Dra. Sabina Lara Cabrera, Dr. Sergio Zamudio R., Dr. Victor Steinmann y Dr. Juan Carlos Montero C. Gracias por su amable aceptación, por el tiempo y las recomendaciones vertidas en esta investigación. A los revisores
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