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TAXON:Salvia Leucantha Cav. SCORE:12.0 RATING:High Risk

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TAXON:Salvia Leucantha Cav. SCORE:12.0 RATING:High Risk TAXON: Salvia leucantha Cav. SCORE: 12.0 RATING: High Risk Taxon: Salvia leucantha Cav. Family: Lamiaceae Common Name(s): Mexican bush sage Synonym(s): S. leucantha f. iobaphes Fernald Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 22 Feb 2017 WRA Score: 12.0 Designation: H(HPWRA) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Weedy, Ornamental, Herbaceous, Spreads Vegetatively, Resprouts Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals 405 Toxic to animals 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 n 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone 410 y=1, n=0 y conditions if not a volcanic island) Creation Date: 22 Feb 2017 (Salvia leucantha Cav.) Page 1 of 15 TAXON: Salvia leucantha Cav. SCORE: 12.0 RATING: High Risk Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs 504 y=1, n=0 n -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native 601 y=1, n=0 n habitat 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally 604 Self-compatible or apomictic 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 y 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 1 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants 701 growing in heavily trafficked areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 802 yr) 803 Well controlled by herbicides 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 y Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced 805 biocontrol agents) Creation Date: 22 Feb 2017 (Salvia leucantha Cav.) Page 2 of 15 TAXON: Salvia leucantha Cav. SCORE: 12.0 RATING: High Risk Supporting Data: Qsn # Question Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? n Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2017. Personal Communication No evidence of domestication 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2017. Personal Communication NA 103 Does the species have weedy races? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2017. Personal Communication NA Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" Source(s) Notes PlantNET. 2017. New South Wales Flora Online - Salvia leucantha. Nation Herbarium of NSW, Royal Botanic "Distribution and occurrence: Garden escape, naturalized in Tweed Garden, Sydney. http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au. R. and Taree districts. Native of trop. Amer." [Accessed 16 Feb 2017] 202 Quality of climate match data High Source(s) Notes PlantNET. 2017. New South Wales Flora Online - Salvia leucantha. Nation Herbarium of NSW, Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney. http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au. [Accessed 16 Feb 2017] 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y Source(s) Notes Missouri Botanical Garden. 2017. Salvia leucantha. http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. [Accessed 16 "Zone: 8 to 10" Feb 2017] Tropicos.org. 2017. Tropicos [Online Database]. Missouri Collected from 62 m, 15°28'55"N to 3300-3400 m 16°31'00"S Botanical Garden. http://www.tropicos.org/. [Accessed 16 [Elevation range exceeds 3000 m, demonstrating environmental Feb 2017] versatility] Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y subtropical climates Creation Date: 22 Feb 2017 (Salvia leucantha Cav.) Page 3 of 15 TAXON: Salvia leucantha Cav. SCORE: 12.0 RATING: High Risk Qsn # Question Answer Source(s) Notes Missouri Botanical Garden. 2017. Salvia leucantha. http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. [Accessed 16 "Native Range: Mexico and tropical Americas" Feb 2017] Tropicos.org. 2017. Tropicos [Online Database]. Missouri Present in Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Botanical Garden. http://www.tropicos.org/. [Accessed 16 Mexico, Panama & Venezuela Feb 2017] Does the species have a history of repeated 205 y introductions outside its natural range? Source(s) Notes Dave's Garden. 2017. Salvia Species, Mexican Bush Sage Salvia leucantha. Widely cultivated throughout the continental US http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/1837/. [Accessed 16 Feb 2017] 301 Naturalized beyond native range y Source(s) Notes PlantNET. 2017. New South Wales Flora Online - Salvia leucantha. Nation Herbarium of NSW, Royal Botanic "Distribution and occurrence: Garden escape, naturalized in Tweed Garden, Sydney. http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au. R. and Taree districts. Native of trop. Amer. NSW subdivisions: *NC" [Accessed 15 Feb 2017] Narasimhan, D., Arisdason, W., Irwin, S. J., & Gnanasekaran, G. (2009). Invasive Alien Plant Species of "Table 2 Tropical American Naturalized/Invasive species" [Includes Tamil Nadu. In Proc. Natl. Seminar Invasive Alien Species. Salvia leucantha but with no details on impacts] ENVIS Centre, Department of Environment, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai. pp. Ϯϵʹϯϴ [Naturalized and weedy in a number of locations] "Salvia leucantha Cav. Lamiaceae Total N° of Refs: 27 Global Risk Score: 1.44 Rating: Low Habit: perennial Herb Preferred Climate/s: Mediterranean, Tropical Origin: C Am, N Am, S Am Major Pathway/s: Herbal, Ornamental Dispersed by: Humans, Escapee References: Africa-W- 760, Australia-N- 945, Australia-W-853, Costa Rica-CN-872, Canary Randall, R.P. (2017). A Global Compendium of Weeds. 3rd Islands-I-902, Australia-N-354, Portugal-N-1006, Australia-N-1049, Edition. Perth, Western Australia. R.P. Randall Europe-N-819, Gal pagos Islands-CN- 1157, Global-W-1324, Bolivia- N-1630, Cape Verde-N-1558, Global-CD-1611, Bolivia-N-1796, Colombia-N-1796, Eritrea-N-1796, Ethiopia-N-1796, Canary Islands- N-1967, Canary Islands-N-1970, Australia-W-1977, Democratic Republic of the Congo-W-1977, India-W-1977, Peru- W-1977, Portugal-W-1977, Rwanda-W- 1977, Spain-W-1977." Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R.& Lorence, D.H. 2017. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands. Smithsonian Institution, No evidence in Hawaiian Islands to date Washington, D.C. http://botany.si.edu/. [Accessed 16 Feb 2017] 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y Creation Date: 22 Feb 2017 (Salvia leucantha Cav.) Page 4 of 15 TAXON: Salvia leucantha Cav. SCORE: 12.0 RATING: High Risk Qsn # Question Answer Source(s) Notes [Garden weed] "On Jul 8, 2011, 2QandLearn from Menifee, CA (Zone 9a) wrote: ... I recently asked a plant grower in my area if he still carried this plant, but he had discontinued it because everyone had complained that it was coming up from seed like crazy, all over their gardens" ... "On Oct 2, 2009, mswestover from Yulee, FL (Zone 9a) Dave's Garden. 2017. Salvia Species, Mexican Bush Sage wrote: Gets woody at the base. I trim it in mid summer. It spreads Salvia leucantha. and will take over a flower bed quickly." ... "On Aug 8, 2003, jkom51 http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/1837/. [Accessed from Oakland, CA (Zone 9b) wrote: This is a very tough, big ever- 16 Feb 2017] blooming salvia. In frost-free zones it is important to cut it back regularly, as it will continue to expand until it overruns all its neighbors. I have actually seen it start to break apart granite boulders. Tends to have a rather ungainly, somewhat wild appearance if allowed to grow without occasional pruning." [Naturalized and weedy in a number of locations] "Salvia leucantha Cav. Lamiaceae Total N° of Refs: 27 Global Risk Score: 1.44 Rating: Low Habit: perennial Herb Preferred Climate/s: Mediterranean, Tropical Origin: C Am, N Am, S Am Major Pathway/s: Herbal, Ornamental Dispersed by: Humans, Escapee References: Africa-W- 760, Australia-N- 945, Australia-W-853, Costa Rica-CN-872, Canary Randall, R.P. (2017). A Global Compendium of Weeds. 3rd Islands-I-902, Australia-N-354, Portugal-N-1006, Australia-N-1049, Edition.
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