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TESIS DOCTORAL Sexual Suspects Un Estudio De Las Sexualidades

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TESIS DOCTORAL Sexual Suspects Un Estudio De Las Sexualidades Editor: Universidad de Granada. Tesis Doctorales Autor: Díaz Marín, Cecilia María ISBN: 978-84-1306-645-5 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10481/63926 TESIS DOCTORAL Sexual Suspects Un estudio de las sexualidades periféricas en la obra de John Irving Doctoranda: Cecilia Díaz Marín Directora: Dra. Rosa Morillas Sánchez Facultad de Filosofía y Letras Departamento de Filologías Inglesa y Alemana Programa de Doctorado en Lenguas, Textos y Contextos Granada, 2020 John Irving (Exeter, Nuevo Hampshire, 1942- ) ( CC BY-SA 2.0. Elisa Cabot, 1983) Agradecimientos En primer lugar, tengo que agradecer a mi directora de tesis, Rosa Morillas, su apoyo y paciencia durante todos estos años, por haberme animado a seguir en los momentos en los que pensé en abandonar, y por haberme abierto las puertas al “mundo según Irving”. También quiero agradecer a la profesora Adelina Sánchez Espinosa, al profesor Gerardo Rodríguez-Salas (ambos de la Universidad de Granada), y a Ángela Harris Sánchez, por sus consejos y sugerencias, así como al recordado profesor Manuel Villar Raso, quien durante la presentación de mi tesina me propuso la idea de indagar acerca del tercer género en la obra de John Irving. Por supuesto, también estoy agradecida a mi familia, pilares fundamentales de mi existencia, por su fe ciega en mí y por su cariño incondicional. Especialmente, doy las gracias a mis padres, Paco y Cecilia, por inculcarme la afición a los libros desde mi infancia y por su amor infinito, y a Marcos y María del Mar, por ser los mejores hermanos que se pueda imaginar y por cierta excursión a la biblioteca de la Universidad de Mannheim en busca de Garp. Por supuesto, no puedo olvidarme de Enrique, mi marido, mi amor, que me ha acompañado y crecido conmigo durante esta aventura larga y apasionante que ha sido la elaboración de mi tesis, y a mi pequeña Cecilia, que ha venido a iluminar los últimos meses de este proceso. También quiero recordar a mis abuelos Encarna y Paco, Gerardo y Heliodora, a los que echo de menos cada día y que sé que se sentirán muy orgullosos de mí donde quiera que estén. Quiero dedicarle también unas palabras de reconocimiento a todos aquellos maestros y maestras que han pasado por mi vida, ejemplo e inspiración en mi carrera como docente, especialmente a mi abuela Helio, mis padres, mi tía Lupe, don José Ocón, don Pepe Larios, Inmaculada López o Josefina Jiménez, y de un modo particular a mis profesores de inglés, desde Alaister hasta Silvana Jiménez o Ana Romero, y sobre todo, a mis queridos Teodoro Martín y mi tía Mercedes Marín, quienes me inculcaron el amor por la lengua inglesa y por su literatura. Gracias a mis amigos eternos, Cristina Castilla, Cristina Ruano y Juan Antonio Flores, por ser parte de mi alma. A Vero, Javi, Nati, Antonio Rus, Míriam, Gloria, Ana Cano, Paco y María Jesús, Beatriz Lacalle y su familia, y a mi grupo de profesores viajeros por las risas, charlas, y aventuras que hemos vivido (y por las que nos quedan por compartir), y que tantas fuerzas me han dado durante todos estos años de investigación. A Ian y Pauline, a Gianni y Francesca, a Diego y Rossella, a Paolo, Adam, Gautam, Ravi y Dann, por todos estos años de amistad en la distancia, y porque en nuestros reencuentros sigamos sintiendo que el tiempo y los kilómetros no existen para nosotros. Gracias a Manu, por su espectacular diseño de portada. A mi alumnado, compañeros y compañeras antiguos y actuales del IES Ribera del Fardes, donde desempeño mi labor profesional como profesora de inglés y directora del centro, por ayudarme a crecer como persona y como docente cada día. Gracias a Paco, Montse e Irene, el mejor equipo directivo con el que podría soñar, y a Raúl, Fina, Pepa y Encarni, por haber creído en mí, confiándome la responsabilidad de continuar con su labor al frente de este instituto. A Cory, David, Antonio, Bea y Marta, que pasaron de alumnos a amigos, por enseñarme tanto o más de lo que yo les pude enseñar nunca. A Ringo, por su lealtad perruna infinita. A John Irving, por haberme atrapado en su mundo para siempre. Índice O. INTRODUCCIÓN, JUSTIFICACIÓN Y OBJETIVOS DEL TRABAJO 17 0.1. Historia del proceso de investigación 19 0. 2. Estructura de la presente tesis 27 PARTE I. INTRODUCCIÓN A JOHN IRVING 31 CAPÍTULO 1. LIBERANDO LAS NORMAS DEL MÉTODO DEL MUNDO SEGÚN JOHN IRVING. UNA INTRODUCCIÓN A JOHN IRVING 33 1.1. Una introducción al mundo según John Irving 33 1.2. Las diez normas básicas del mundo según John Irving 38 1.3. Justificación de la elección del corpus textual y metodología de análisis 78 PARTE II. MARCO EPISTEMOLÓGICO 83 CAPÍTULO 2. SOBRE EL TERCER GÉNERO O TERCER SEXO 85 2.1. Introducción 85 2.2. Heteronormatividad y cisgénero 88 2.3. Tercer sexo/ tercer género: Una visión geográfica e histórica 99 CAPÍTULO 3. TEORÍA QUEER 121 3.1. Introducción. Orígenes de la teoría queer 121 3.2. Queer: ¿Qué hay en un nombre? 129 3.3. Trans y trans* 134 3.4. Sexualidades periféricas 140 CAPÍTULO 4. ¿HETEROSEXUAL Y QUEER? 151 4.1. Heterosexualidad, heteronormatividad y heterofobia 151 4.2. Queer Eye 156 4.3. El heterosexual queer como constructo teórico 163 4.4. ¿Apropiación? ¿Invasión? 184 4.5. Genderfucking: perturbando el género binario 191 ~ 10 ~ PARTE III. LAS SEXUALIDADES PERIFÉRICAS EN LA OBRA DE JOHN IRVING 201 CAPÍTULO 5. INTRODUCCIÓN A LAS SEXUALIDADES PERIFÉRICAS EN LA OBRA DE JOHN IRVING 203 5.1. Sobre las sexualidades periféricas en el mundo según Irving 203 5.2. “Sexual suspects” 212 CAPÍTULO 6. IDENTIDADES QUEER EN A SON OF THE CIRCUS (1994) Y EN IN ONE PERSON (2012) 223 6.1. Hacia un ideal queer 223 6.2. A Complete Woman, But One Who Hates Women: Identidad trans* en A Son of the Circus (1994) 228 6.2.1. Rahul Rai: Un psicópata trans* en A Son of the Circus 229 6.2.2. “Una Miss Havisham de Bombay –Dos Veces” 230 6.2.3. “No está siendo uno de los nuestros” 238 6.3. Intertextos shakesperianos en In One Person (2012) 250 6.3.1. Una breve reflexión acerca de la intertextualidad 251 6.3.2. “In One Person Many People, and None Contented” 252 6.3.3. “The airy Spirit” 254 ~ 11 ~ CAPÍTULO 7. LA HETEROSEXUALIDAD QUEER EN TRES NOVELAS DE JOHN IRVING 267 7.1. Heterosexualidad queer en The World According to Garp (1978) 269 7.1.1. Introducción 269 7.1.2. Jenny Fields: La deconstrucción del género a través de la asexualidad 277 7.1.3. T.S. Garp: De la masculinidad tradicional hacia una masculinidad queer 291 7.1.3.1. Construcción de la masculinidad de T.S. Garp 291 7.1.3.2. Deseo y violencia en The World According to Bensenhaver 318 7.1.3.4. Masculinidad queer y relaciones de pareja: igualdad y plusvalía de dignidad genérica en The World According to Garp 342 7.1.3.5. “The randy Mrs. Ralph” 356 7.2. “An Aberrant Sex Symbol”: La masculinidad queer de Jack Burns en Until I Find You (2005) 363 7.2.1. “It Had to Be Jack Burns” 364 7.2.2. El chico Bond 367 7.2.3. Jack Burns y el cine trans* de los 80 y 90 371 7.2.4. Jack Burns/ James Franco: La “queer public persona” de dos actores heterosexuales 377 7.3. Huc Venite, Pueri, ut Viri Sitis: Cruzando The Door in the Floor 383 7.3.1. El romance entre una mujer madura y un hombre joven como ejemplo de heterosexualidad queer 385 7.3.2. El ejemplo de A Widow for One Year/ The Door in the Floor 390 7.3.3. La puerta en el suelo 401 ~ 12 ~ PARTE IV. CONSIDERACIONES FINALES 405 CAPÍTULO 8. CONCLUSIONES 407 PARTE V. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS 423 CAPÍTULO 9. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS 425 9.1. Fuentes primarias: Obras de John Irving 425 9.1.1. Novelas de John Irving 425 9.1.2. Artículos publicados por John Irving 426 9.2. Fuentes secundarias 427 9.2.1. Estudios y artículos sobre la obra de John Irving 427 9.2.2. Reseñas literarias 430 9.2.3. Entrevistas con John Irving 431 9.2.4. Otras fuentes 432 9.2.5. Diccionarios y enciclopedias 463 9.2.6. Documentos gráficos 465 PARTE VI. ANEXOS 467 ANEXO I: RECOPILACIÓN DEL DECÁLOGO DE LAS NORMAS DEL MUNDO SEGÚN IRVING 469 ANEXO II: TEMAS RECURRENTES EN LA OBRA DE JOHN IRVING 473 ~ 13 ~ By nature, all people are both sexes. So that marriage and bed is not all by any means. The Heart is a Lonely Hunter (1940) Carson McCullers I love sexual outsiders; the world is harder for them. John Irving (entrevista aparecida en The New York Times Sunday Book Review, 10 de junio de 2012) 0. INTRODUCCIÓN, JUSTIFICACIÓN Y OBJETIVOS DEL TRABAJO 0.1. Historia del proceso de investigación Allá por 2004, yo acababa de terminar mis cursos de doctorado en Literaturas en Lengua Inglesa. El año anterior había finalizado mi licenciatura y había obtenido una beca de Iniciación a la Investigación del Plan Propio de la Universidad de Granada para realizar un trabajo que se tituló “Literatura Infantil de los Estados Unidos en el Siglo XXI: Bajo la sombra de Harry Potter y Más Allá”. Sin embargo, ni la profesora que había elegido como futura directora de tesis, la doctora Rosa Morillas Sánchez, ni yo, terminábamos de ver clara mi especialización en la literatura infantil. Yo había elegido varios cursos sobre aspectos de género durante mis estudios de doctorado, tanto dentro del programa en Literaturas en Lengua Inglesa como pertenecientes al del Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Estudios de las Mujeres y de Género de la Universidad de Granada.
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