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Supporting Documents LAND AT REDLANDS, EAST OF BASINGSTOKE LANDSCAPE & VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT APPENDIX 7 REVIEW OF EXISTING LANDSCAPE Character ASSESSMENTS & OTHER relevant DOCUMENTS FOR COOPER ESTATES STRATEGIC LAND LIMITED MAY 2016 INDIGO LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS 518 – Appendix 7 - Review of LCA / other docs. This document is intended to be printed double sided. Page intentionally left blank. 2 518 – Appendix 7 - Review of LCA / other docs. 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.1.1 Numerous Landscape Character Assessments exist for the Study Area around the Application Site. These include national, regional and local level assessments: At a national level the landscape around the Site falls within ‘Character Area 129, Thames Basin Heaths’ of the National Landscape Character Assessment published by Natural England on the 30th September 2014.1 At a regional level Hampshire County Council produced an Integrated Character Assessment in 2010. At a local level Landscape character assessment is contained within the Basingstoke and Deane Landscape Assessment 2001. 1.1.2 Other relevant documents reviewed include the Basingstoke and Deane Countryside Design Summary (2008) and the Basingstoke and Deane Landscape and Biodiversity Supplementary Planning Document (2008) (both Supplementary Planning Documents and therefore reviewed separately in Section 4 of the main LVIA document); the Basingstoke and Deane Urban Character Study for Basingstoke (2008); the Basingstoke and Deane Landscape Capacity Study (2008); and the Basingstoke and Deane Landscape Capacity Study: Site Options (2010). 1.2 LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ASSESSMENT - NATIONAL LEVEL ASSESSMENT National Character Area (NCA) Profile 129, Thames Basin Heaths2 Geographic extent / scale and level of detail: 1.2.1 The Thames Basin Heaths National Character Area Profile is a broad scale assessment (one of 59 across England) covering an area which stretches from Weybridge in Surrey (to the east) to the countryside around Newbury in Berkshire to the west (refer to plan on page 3 of the NCA document). It stretches from areas of acid heathland to the east, to areas of chalk downland to the west, with around 17% falling within the designated landscape of the North Wessex Downs AONB (the closest point lying some 7km to the west of the Application Site). 1.2.2 The Study Area defined by the Zone of Visual Influence of the proposed development lies in the centre of the NCA’s southern boundary. Description: 1.2.3 Within the NCA Profile the Thames Basin Heaths is described as a plateaux and river valley landscape; a densely settled area of the London Basin with a major road network incorporating the M25 and M3. 1.2.4 A quarter of the NCA is woodland. The heavily wooded appearance of the NCA is emphasised by the ancient hedgerows and hedgerow trees, parkland landscapes and rhododendron cover in conurbation gardens. 1.2.5 Agricultural land is generally low-grade. Common land is also a feature of the NCA, with the largest commons being found on the raised sand and gravel plateaux, along with large estates. There is a high proportion of non-agricultural land use, including large plantations and military bases, such as Aldershot. The historic royal hunting forests of Bagshot, Eversley, Pamber and Windsor comprise parkland, ancient woodland and small to medium-sized grazed fields. 1 The boundary with ‘Character Area 130, Hampshire Downs’ falls approximately 1.8km to the south of the site, however, there is no inter-visibility between the Site and this Character Area and it has not therefore been considered in detail in the text below. 2 National Character Area (NCA) Profile 129, Thames Basin Heaths (ISBN 978-1-78367-090-1): Natural England 2014 3 518 – Appendix 7 - Review of LCA / other docs. 1.2.6 A relatively high proportion of this NCA (focused to the east) is protected for its biodiversity. The valley bottom and associated riparian landscapes support designated wet woodlands, wet grasslands, marsh and ditches, chalk rivers and reedbeds, whilst on the higher, sand and gravel plateaux, are heathland, acid grassland and oak birch woodlands, predominantly designated within an expansive mosaic habitat to the east of the NCA. 1.2.7 The heathland areas support internationally important populations of woodlark, nightjar and Dartford Warbler, notable at the Thames Basin Heaths SPA, which includes a number of Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) at over 7.5km from to the east of the site. Dragonflies such as the rare brilliant emerald and the ruddy darter enjoy the mosaic woodland and heath habitats. 1.2.8 Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) and Special Protection Areas (SPAs) comprise 10% of the NCA. Much of this designated land falls within a complex of sites to the east of the NCA and at some distance from the site, incorporating the South West London Waterbodies SPA and Ramsar site, the Thames Basin Heaths SPA, the Thursley, Ash, Pirbright and Chobham SAC, the Kennet Valley Alderwoods SAC and the Kennet and Lambourn Flood Plain SAC. 1.2.9 There are 69 Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) within this NCA, the closest of which is the Hook Common and Bartley Heath SSSI, some 4.6km to the south-east of the Site. 1.2.10 The NCAs landscape heritage principally relates to the former royal hunting forests, historic parklands and the well-preserved archaeological sites found within the heathland areas. 1.2.11 The NCA’s large areas of informal greenspace, focussed to the east and notably the designated heathland mosaic, perform a significant recreational function, being well linked to London and the local conurbations by the road transport network. Key characteristics identified in the NCA Profile document: 1.2.12 Key characteristics identified in the NCA Profile are as follows: Plateaux of Tertiary sands and gravels in the London Basin, with intervening river valleys floored by London Clay. In the far west, Chalk forms the Hampshire Downs escarpment and the river beds of the Kennet and Pang. High woodland cover, offering an array of colour in the autumn. Conifers and large plantations on former heathland are dominant features in the east, while the west is scattered with small, semi-natural woodlands on ancient sites. Acid, leached soils mean that farming on the plateaux is limited to rough pasture, and that alternative land uses (such as forestry, golf courses and horse paddocks) have emerged. Heather, gorse, oak and birch all thrive here. Arable land and improved pasture are found in the valleys, on alluvium. Beyond the large areas of heathland and woodland, there is a patchwork of small to medium-sized fields with woods. The legacy of historic hunting forests includes veteran trees, ancient woods, ancient hedgerows and parklands. Historic meadows remain as fragments along watercourses. Prehistoric earthworks such as barrows and hill forts mark promontories on the plateaux. Archaeology is well preserved on historic heathland. Mosaics of open heathland and grassland with scrub, secondary woodland and plantation. Valley bogs, ponds and streams enhance diversity. Large, continuous mosaics are found in the east: they include Thursley, Ash, Pirbright and Chobham Special Area of Conservation (SAC), and Chobham Common National Nature Reserve (NNR). Historic commons offer tranquillity and unenclosed views, while other rights of access are enjoyed across farmland, canals and downland. Ministry of Defence ownership restricts (but does not entirely prevent) public enjoyment. 4 518 – Appendix 7 - Review of LCA / other docs. ‘Churring’ nightjars, dragonflies and purple heather are all readily identified with heathland. The Thames Basin Heaths SPA protects internationally important populations of woodlark, nightjar and Dartford warbler. Valley floors are wet with ditches, numerous watercourses, ponds, waterfilled gravel pits, reedbeds and carr. Historic features include mills, relict water meadows, and canals such as the River Wey Navigations. 20th-century conurbations, including Camberley, sprawl along the Blackwater Valley, with associated roads (including the M3) dissecting heathland and woodland into blocks. Elsewhere, there are winding lanes and historic dispersed villages and farmsteads of traditional, locally-made brick and tile. Actions identified in the NCA Profile document: 1.2.13 There are Four Statements of Environmental Opportunity (SEO) identified: SEO 1: At a catchment scale, manage and create woodlands, highway verges, field margins, reedbeds and other features in urban and rural settings to intercept run-off and to filter pollutants. In the heavily developed flood plains of the Blackwater and Thames, adapt the urban environment to manage floodwaters, and restore or enhance modified watercourses. SEO 2: Maximise the variety of ecosystem services delivered by wooded features – from wet woodlands in the Kennet Valley to the large conifer plantations around Camberley and new woodlands. Conserve soils, water, biodiversity and the sense of place and history; enhance timber and biomass production; and provide for recreation and tranquillity as appropriate. SEO 3: Enhance the sense of history and biodiversity by conserving, restoring and building the resilience of long-established habitats such as heathland, ancient woodland and meadows, and of archaeology such as hill forts. Work at a landscape scale to conserve and restore key attributes of the historic hunting forests (such as Eversley) and historic common land. Engage the public in enjoying this heritage. SEO 4: With a focus on the Blackwater Valley, Newbury and nearby major
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