127. Isle of Wight Area Profile: Supporting Documents
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National Character 127. Isle of Wight Area profile: Supporting documents www.naturalengland.org.uk 1 National Character 127. Isle of Wight Area profile: Supporting documents Introduction National Character Areas map As part of Natural England’s responsibilities as set out in the Natural Environment 1 2 3 White Paper , Biodiversity 2020 and the European Landscape Convention , we are North revising profiles for England’s 159 National Character Areas (NCAs). These are areas East that share similar landscape characteristics, and which follow natural lines in the landscape rather than administrative boundaries, making them a good decision- Yorkshire making framework for the natural environment. & The North Humber NCA profiles are guidance documents which can help communities to inform their West decision-making about the places that they live in and care for. The information they contain will support the planning of conservation initiatives at a landscape East scale, inform the delivery of Nature Improvement Areas and encourage broader Midlands partnership working through Local Nature Partnerships. The profiles will also help West Midlands to inform choices about how land is managed and can change. East of England Each profile includes a description of the natural and cultural features that shape our landscapes, how the landscape has changed over time, the current key London drivers for ongoing change, and a broad analysis of each area’s characteristics and ecosystem services. Statements of Environmental Opportunity (SEOs) are South East suggested, which draw on this integrated information. The SEOs offer guidance South West on the critical issues, which could help to achieve sustainable growth and a more secure environmental future. NCA profiles are working documents which draw on current evidence and knowledge. We will aim to refresh and update them periodically as new 1 The Natural Choice: Securing the Value of Nature, Defra information becomes available to us. (2011; URL: www.official-documents.gov.uk/document/cm80/8082/8082.pdf) 2 Biodiversity 2020: A Strategy for England’s Wildlife and Ecosystem Services, Defra We would like to hear how useful the NCA profiles are to you. You can contact the (2011; URL: www.defra.gov.uk/publications/files/pb13583-biodiversity-strategy-2020-111111.pdf) NCA team by emailing [email protected] 3 European Landscape Convention, Council of Europe (2000; URL: http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/176.htm) 2 National Character 127. Isle of Wight Area profile: Supporting documents The Island’s non-tidal river valleys are short and narrow in comparison with Summary those of neighbouring mainland counties. All the major rivers flow northwards and contribute to the estuarine coastline. Minor rivers flow southwards and give rise to characteristic steep coastal valleys or ‘chines’. Public water supply The Isle of Wight is an Island situated south of England, separated from comes from surface and groundwater sources, including three major aquifers the mainland by the Solent, with the English Channel forming its southern and the rivers Test and Itchen in Hampshire. boundary. Covering an area of 380 square kilometres, with a coastline that runs for 92 kilometres, it is England’s largest Island. The chalk spine crossing Although most of the Island is rural, there are a wide range of settlements, including from east to west stretches out at the western tip in a series of three chalk small villages, medieval planned and post-medieval towns, 19th-century seaside stacks known since medieval times as the Needles. The Island exhibits, at a resorts and 20th-century development. The locally quarried Bembridge limestone small scale, the key characteristics of much of lowland England, from farmed is a characteristic building material in many villages. The Isle of Wight possesses arable coastal plains to pastures and woodland, and from steep chalk downs to some of the best sites in Europe for dinosaur remains, as well as a diverse and diverse estuarine seascapes and dramatic sea cliffs and stacks. often abundant source of other fossils. The Island also contains a wealth of visually prominent prehistoric burial mounds or barrows, usually found on the chalk ridge. Almost 50 per cent of the Island falls within the Isle of Wight Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, divided into five separate parcels, and around Many recreation activities are possible, including walking, cycling, horse riding, half of the coastline is recognised as Tennyson and Hamstead Heritage Coasts. sailing, surfing and windsurfing. Internationally renowned Cowes Week is the The Island has a range of internationally, nationally and locally important longest-running regatta in the world. The Island’s beaches and seaside resorts, nature conservation sites, including Special Areas of Conservation, Newtown such as Ryde, provide a range of recreational opportunities while Alum Bay and National Nature Reserve, 41 Sites of Special Scientific Interest and 395 Local Blackgang Chine offer more traditional seaside family experiences. Poets such Wildlife Sites (Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation) that are recognised as Tennyson and Keats were inspired by the for their important habitats and species, including maritime cliff and slope, Island’s landscapes, which continue to inspire coastal and flood plain grazing marsh, lowland heathland, saline lagoons, poets and artists. Feelings of tranquillity, intertidal mudflats, coastal sand dunes, intertidal flats and seagrass beds, and escapism and inspiration are particularly coastal vegetated shingle. The Solent and Southampton Water is designated associated with the elevated chalk downs, as a Ramsar site and as a Special Protection Area, as it supports internationally coastal landscapes, and lack of noise and light important numbers of wintering waterfowl and various rare invertebrates pollution; most of south-east England’s ‘dark and plants. Some species are unique to the Island or are thriving due to the skies’ are found in the area. protection given to them by the Solent, including the red squirrel, dormouse, bat species, Glanville fritillary butterfly and early gentian. Click map to enlarge; click again to reduce. 3 National Character 127. Isle of Wight Area profile: Supporting documents Statements of Environmental Opportunity SEO 1: Safeguard the diversity of features, designated habitats, rich geology and geomorphological processes along the Island’s coastline, including chalk cliffs, rias, estuaries, chines, the Needles chalk stacks, Alum Bay and the Undercliff landslip area. Where possible, allow for natural coastal processes to operate unimpeded, resulting in the creation of new habitats, conserving and enhancing landscape character, and benefiting biodiversity and the historic environment. Promote the Island’s internationally important geodiversity, providing interpretation to enhance educational and recreational opportunities. SEO 2: Conserve the chalk downs and their species-rich chalk grassland and other semi-natural habitats and the agricultural land to the north and south with its pattern of fields, hedgerows, woodlands and rivers. Maintain and restore the natural function of river catchments and farmland habitats at a landscape scale to bring benefits in terms of reducing soil erosion, improving soil quality, improving water availability and quality in rivers and aquifers, regulating water flow, enhancing biodiversity and supporting farming and food provision. SEO 3: Protect the long, open views, the high levels of tranquillity and dark skies, and the diversity of the landscape and seascape, through enhancing access to and interpretation of the wealth of natural and heritage assets and sustainable recreational opportunities, including the world famous sailing, the range of beaches and the walking trails. The vertical multi-coloured Bracklesham Group sandstone strata at Alum Bay are a SEO 4: Manage and enhance the historic character of the Island’s distinctive geological feature. landscapes and settlements and reinforce and enhance the existing settlement structure as part of any sustainable development, encouraging the use of local materials, ensuring that high-quality green infrastructure is incorporated into all scales of development, and enhancing access, climate change mitigation and flood management. 4 National Character 127. Isle of Wight Area profile: Supporting documents The geology of the Island, being structurally part of the Hampshire Basin, mirrors Description that across the Solent. The Palaeogene sediments – the Hamstead Beds and Bembridge Marls, and the Barton and Bracklesham Groups – of the north of the Island complement those of the New Forest, to which the Island was Physical and functional links to other National connected before rising sea levels created the Western Solent. Character Areas Chalk forming the steep belt of the Isle of Wight monocline out-crops along the As an Island National Character Area (NCA), the Isle of Wight has fewer links to central spine of the Island from Culver Cliff in the east to the Needles in the west. neighbouring NCAs than those on the mainland; however, there are still some This structure continues westwards to the Isle of Purbeck, where it forms the close geological links, as the Island was historically part of the mainland before Purbeck Hills, creating a unifying link with the South Purbeck NCA. sea levels rose and the Island was created. The Island is separated from the mainland by the Solent, a sheltered