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Australian Remembrance Trail Colophon Australian Remembrance Trail Colophon: Chief & managing editor: Memorial Museum Passchendaele 1917 Texts: Memorial Museum Passchendaele 1917, Freddy Declerck Photography: MMP1917, Tourist Office Zonnebeke, Freddy Lattré, B.ad, Westtoer, Henk Deleu, Office du Tourisme de Comines-Warneton Maps: Passchendaele Research Centre Zonnebeke Design & prepress: Impressionant Print | Impression: Lowyck & Pluspoint Website: www.passchendaele.be © - Memorial Museum Passchendaele 1917, Berten Pilstraat 5/A, BE-8980 Zonnebeke. All the information dates from March 2018. Colophon: Chief & managing editor: Memorial Museum Passchendaele 1917 Texts: Memorial Museum Passchendaele 1917, Freddy Declerck Photography: MMP1917, Tourist Office Zonnebeke, Freddy Lattré, B.ad, Westtoer, Henk Deleu, Office du Tourisme de Comines-Warneton Maps: Passchendaele Research Centre Zonnebeke Design & prepress: Impressionant Print | Impression: Lowyck & Pluspoint Website: www.passchendaele.be © - Memorial Museum Passchendaele 1917, Berten Pilstraat 5/A, BE-8980 Zonnebeke. All the information dates from March 2018. A BRIEF HISTORY OF AUSTRALIA IN WORLD WAR I IN FLANDERS Gallipoli, 25 April 1915. Australian and New group of the 38th Battalion A.I.F. reached the Zealand troops land on the Turkish peninsula. ruins of the Passchendaele Church. However, After eight months of stalemate the military as they were totally unsupported, they had to operation at Gallipoli fails, but the legend withdraw. The situation was hopeless and all of the ANZACs as soldiers of great courage, along the line the ANZACs fell back to their loyalty, sacrifice and comradeship is born. original positions. The ANZAC attempt to take Passchendaele was over. After Gallipoli the Australians move to the Western Front. They take part in the Battle PASSENDALE of the Somme and the Battle Fromelles in France where they suffer heavy losses. In 1917 the five Australian Divisions arrive in Belgium for the ‘Flanders Offensive’. Their first major CWGC TYNE COT CEMETERY battle takes place on 20 September 1917 near 4 Au. D. the Menin Road during which the 1st and 3 Au. D. 2nd Australian Divisions reach the outskirts of Polygon Wood. 2 Au. D. ZONNEBEKE Six days later, on 26 September 1917, the 1 Au. D. Battle of Polygon Wood begins. The 4th and 5th Australian Division are on the attack. The 4 Au. D. 5th expels the Germans from the infamous 2 Au. D. Butte. The 4th is advancing on the left hand side of the allocated sector. 5 Au. D. 1 Au. D. BESELARE On 4 October 1917, the 3rd Australian 20/09/1917 Division captures Tyne Cot, a strategic 12/10/1917 GELUVELD 0 0,5 1 2 position in the German Flandern I Stellung, Km a line of concrete pillboxes, blockhouses and machine gun posts. This episode is known as the Battle of Broodseinde. Despite a failed attack on 9 October 1917, with heavy losses for the 2nd Australian Division, yet another attack was ordered for 12 October 1917. Three months of artillery shelling and rain had changed the battlefield into a quagmire. The 3rd Australian Division encountered heavy resistance from the Germans. Any advance soon came to a halt in the mud, faced by constant enemy fire causing heavy casualties. Amazingly, a small 4 MEMORIAL MUSEUM PASSCHENDAELE 1917 The MMP 1917 tells the poignant story of the First World War in a gripping manner, with a special focus on the Third Battle of Ypres, otherwise known as the Battle of Passchendaele. Between 31 July and 10 November 1917, some 600.000 men became casualties (dead, wounded and missing), for THE AUSTRALIAN a gain in territory of just eight kilometers. EXHIBITION: AN ENTRY POINT For this reason, ‘Passchendaele’ has become FOR AUSTRALIAN VISITORS a symbol of the mindless futility of total war. The MMP 1917 combines the interactive Zonnebeke was the centre of Australian display of a contemporary museum, with the operations in Flanders during the remarkable experience of the Dugout (an First World War. Today the village and underground shelter) and the Trench. the surrounding area still include a number of historical sites of interest to Australia. The Memorial Museum Passchendaele 1917 plays an important role in the valorization of several of these sites. Because of the strong affi liation between the MMP 1917 and Australia, the Australian exhibition in the museum doubles as an entry point to the historical battlefi elds. In this part there is a strong focus towards Australians and their heritage in Flanders. Beside historical facts, Australia-related objects and panels, the visitors are linked to other heritage sites and points of interest on the Western Front. Location: Berten Pilstraat 5/A, B-8980 Zonnebeke 5 ZONNEBEKE CHATEAU with the theme of remembrance. They were/ GROUNDS will be opened one by one between 2014 and 2018. The Zonnebeke chateau grounds is the ideal starting point for a visit to the battlefields of 1917. Less than 3 kilometers away, you can find the well-known Polygon Wood and CWGC Tyne Cot Cemetery, the largest Commonwealth War Graves Cemetery in the world. Beside the museum desk you will find the visitor lounge with all the information you need for your tour. There is also information for visitors who enjoy hiking, biking or are looking for a place to eat. PASSCHENDAELE ARCHIVES No matter how impressive a visit to CWGC Tyne Cot Cemetery, the German Military Cemetery in Langemark or other cemeteries and memorials is, one can only find a name there. With the ‘The Passchendaele Archives’ the MMP 1917 intends to give a face and tell the story behind each name. > http://archives.passchendaele.be PASSCHENDAELE MEMORIAL GARDENS AND PASSCHENDAELE MEMORIAL PARK The Passchendaele Memorial Gardens are part of the ‘The Legacy of Passchendaele’ masterplan. As part of this project, the two parts of the Zonnebeke chateau grounds were reunited, among other things. Landscape, recreation and education were the guiding principles behind the design of the park area. The Memorial Gardens are an outstanding result of this. Seven gardens in the shape of a poppy, were planted in the area. The goal is to make them into a remembrance garden for nations that fought in the region during the First World War. Every garden will be designed and built by the participating countries and will consist of three smaller sub-gardens, each dealing 6 RESEARCH CENTER Companies’ collected nearly 12.000 dead from the surrounding battlefi elds. Of these, The research centre is housed in the former only 3,800 bodies could be identifi ed. rectory at Zonnebeke, a modernistic building The wall behind the cemetery contains the by Huib Hoste. It is a place where researchers, names of 35,000 soldiers with no known students and interested individuals can grave. They include British, Irish and New fi nd aswers on the region’s battlefi elds and Zealanders who perished in the region after heritage. 16 August 1917. Many tens and even hundreds of thousands of visitors come each year to pay their respects to the men – some still only boys – who lost their lives in the surrounding battlefi elds. A visit that leaves no one unmoved. The cemetery was designed by Sir Herbert Baker and inaugurated in 1927. Nowadays, The Commonwealth War Graves Commission maintains the cemetery. The visitors’ centre, which the British Queen Elizabeth II and the former Belgian Queen Paola inaugurated in Contact: 2007, provides more information about the Ieperstraat 1, B-8980 Zonnebeke cemetery itself and offers a panoramic view on T 051 77 04 41, [email protected] the battlefi eld of 1917. A 3 km walking route, with thematic information panels, takes you from the Memorial Museum Passchendaele CWGC TYNE COT 1917 to the CWGC Tyne Cot Cemetery. CEMETERY The visitors’ centre is open daily from 10:00h to 18:00h. Closed from 1 December CWGC Tyne Cot Cemetery is an impressive to 31 January. yet understated haven of tranquillity that extends through the former battle landscape. With its 12.000 graves and 35.000 names on the wall to the missing, it is the largest Commonwealth cemetery in the world and it is a silent witness to the bloody Battle of Passchendaele. During the British offensive of 1917, almost 600.000 casualties fell in 100 days for a territorial gain of only eight kilometres. ‘Tyne Cot’ was originally a German defence position in the Flandern I line. In October 1917, the Australian troops established an aid post there, that soon grew Location: Tynecotstraat, in to a small cemetery with 340 graves for B-8980 Passendale (Zonnebeke) the soldiers who had succumbed to their Parkspace via Vijfwegestraat, injuries on the spot. After the war – between B-8980 Passendale (Zonnebeke) 1919 and 1921 – the British ‘Exhumation 7 CYCLE AND HIKING TRAILS miles long and connects beautiful, unknown places in the hilly landscape to the east of CYCLE TRAILS Zonnebeke. The route map is available at the Tourist Offi ce for€ 1,50. ‘The Legacy’ cycle trail The cycle trail is 37 km/23 miles long and Park Walk introduces you to the monumental heritage The Zonnebeke chateau grounds (29 of the Battle of Passchendaele. The route hectares/ 71.6 acres) have an extremely rich starts at the Zonnebeke Tourist Offi ce, crosses history. During the park tour, you will discover the undulating landscape and takes you past the story of the Zonnebeke Augustinian several WWI and non-WWI sites like CWGC Abbey, the heyday of the chateau grounds and Tyne Cot Cemetery, Crest Farm, the witch the impact the war and reconstruction had on village of Beselare... The route map is available the site. Education and recreation go hand in at the Tourist Offi ce for€ 2.00. hand in the newly renovated Passchendaele Memorial Park, with its stately mansion from ‘The Pioneer’ cycle trail 1933. The main attraction is the unique Along the ‘Pioneer’ cycle trail (38 km/23.6 Passchendaele Memorial Gardens, which are miles) you will discover more about the made up of seven small gardens in the form German story.
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