Esther Aksel-Hansen Breve Fra Petrograd 1917-1918

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Esther Aksel-Hansen Breve Fra Petrograd 1917-1918 1 *Pasfoto: Rudkøbing, 12. august 1919. Privateje Esther Aksel-Hansen Breve fra Petrograd 1917-1918 Det Kongelige Bibliotek i København: Ny Kgl. Samling 5244, quarto Komplet transskription med indledning og noter ved Bernadette Preben-Hansen The Danish Embassy in Saint Petersburg during the Days of the Russian Revolution Letters in Danish, edited by Bernadette Preben-Hansen Bibliografisk reference: Aksel-Hansen, Esther: Breve fra Petrograd 1917-1918, ved Bernadette Preben-Hansen København 2007 (ISBN 9788799140220) 9. august 2021 200 sider/c. 530 noter 2 Summary An ample collection of private letters written in Saint Petersburg (Petrograd) in the years of the Russian Revolution can be found in the Royal Library in Copenhagen. These letters were written in Danish by a young Danish woman, employed as a typist in the Danish Embassy in Saint Petersburg. The addressee in Copenhagen was the young woman’s mother. Between May 1917 and May 1918 one hundred letters were sent in the diplomatic bag from Saint Petersburg to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Copenhagen, to be forwarded to the writer’s family. These letters give us a word picture of the Russian Revolution as it appeared to a young woman. The daily consequences of the revolution are recorded with the detachment peculiar to a privileged foreigner, either watching from the windows of the Embassy, or while walking along the Neva, during sleigh-rides through the city or during evening visits to the city’s railway stations. This publication contains a complete transcription of the full collection of letters. The transcribed letters have been annotated using material from the archives of the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the archives of the Danish Embassy in Saint Petersburg for the years 1917-1918. Both archives are preserved in the National Archive in Copenhagen. Esther Aksel-Hansen In 1915, Esther travelled to Rybinsk, a port on the River Volga in Russia. She worked half a year as an English teacher for a Russian lawyer’s family. And she formed a friendship with a Danish family. The Preben-Hansen family - three brothers being settled in Russia and Siberia as Danish butter merchants - did business in Rybinsk, Yaroslavl and in Kurgan in West Siberia 1899-1919. In 1917, Esther was back in Copenhagen, where she taught Russian. One of her students was a secretary of the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Copenhagen. Through him, she got a job. In April 1917, Esther was appointed a typist at the Danish Embassy in Saint Petersburg (Petrograd 1914-1924). She became attached to Section B: The Department for the Danish Safeguarding of Austria-Hungary’s Interests in Russia. And on May 6th, 1917, she travelled with the Danish legation heading towards Saint Petersburg. At the embassy she changed places with Isabella Smith, a typist in Section A: “the old Danish legation.” Esther typed for Harald Scavenius. He was the Danish Ambassador in Russia 1912-1918. Working in his front office, she typed reports, kept the journal of incoming and outgoing post, and packed the diplomatic bag. From May 9th, 1917, to May 19th, 1918, she sent one hundred long letters home to her mother, as well. The letters reached Copenhagen by courier for the Foreign Ministry, where they were picked up by family. The letters, gradually turning into diary entries, are written with journalistic flair. Esther writes at night telling of daily life, bread shortages, increasing famine and dying horses in the streets of Saint Petersburg. Against the orders of the legation, she participates in street demonstrations. She takes sleigh rides through an icy Saint Petersburg in the evenings, visiting the city’s railway stations at night. And she breaks the Embassy’s confidentiality, particularly on personnel matters. Occasionally she makes an extra carbon copy of a confidential embassy report and sends it with the letter to her mother. On June 20th, 1918, Esther travelled with Isabella Smith and Wilhelm Voigt Broch from Saint Petersburg via Beloostrov and Tornio to Copenhagen on leave. Shortly afterwards she was dismissed. The legation was in the process of closing down. Esther’s letters are a main source for daily life at the Danish Embassy in Saint Petersburg 1917-1918. Selected letters from 1917 have been published in Russian translation by Ludmila Weil in a literary magazine in Moscow. 3 Forord På Det Kongelige Bibliotek i København, Håndskriftafdelingen, bevares en større samling private breve, skrevet i St. Petersborg (Petrograd) i årene for den russiske revolution. Brevene blev skrevet på dansk af en ung dansk kvinde, ansat som kancellist1 ved Det kongelige danske gesandtskab i St. Petersborg. Modtager var brevskrivers mor i København. Over et år, fra den 9. maj 1917 til den 19. maj 1918, blev 101 breve sendt gennem gesandtskabet i St. Petersborg med kurerpost til UM i København, hvor de blev afhentet af brevskrivers familie. Brevene tegner et stemningsbillede af den russiske revolution, set gennem en ung kvindes øjne. Revolutionens daglige konsekvenser bevidnes med en privilegeret udlændings distance fra gesandtskabets vinduer, ved vandringer langs Nevaen, slædeture gennem St. Petersborg og natlige besøg på byens banegårde. Brevene fra revolutionsåret 1917 er i udvalg og passager oversat fra dansk til russisk af Ludmila Weil og publiceret i et litterært tidsskrift i Moskva.2 Esthers breve er her præsenteret ved en komplet arbejdstransskription af det samlede brevkorpus. Brevene er af vekslende kvalitet fra plagebreve af typen ”send flere penge” til revolutionsjournalistik. Læseren kan med fordel skippe de såkaldte kommissionsbreve samt skimme igennem materialet. Transskriptionen er forsynet med et udførligt noteapparat på basis af materiale fra UMs og gesandtskabets arkiver, bevaret på Rigsarkivet i København. Inden hvert brev ses et resume. Læseren kan således danne sig et hurtigt overblik. Tak til Bjarne Schartau †2007, Boris og Ludmila Weil, Frederik Andreassen, Inge Marie Larsen, Jørgen Nybo Rasmussen, Peter Buntzen †2009, samt nulevende efterkommere af familien Preben-Hansen, en dansk familie i tsar-Rusland 1899-1919.3 Tak til Rigsarkivet. Bernadette Preben-Hansen Vesterbro 2007 1 Esthers stilling omtales som “kancellist” “skriver” “kopist”. Hendes funktion er renskrivning på skrivemaskine og forefaldende kontorarbejde. 2 Weil, Boris. Esther Aksel-Hansen. Pis’ma iz Rossii. Oversat fra dansk af Ludmila Weil (KB: Ny Kgl. Samling 5244, quarto). Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie. Moskva 1993 (5), 334-61. 3 Preben-Hansen, Emil Frederik. Erindringer om mit ophold i Rusland i året 1907: en dansk smørmands fotoarkiv fra Rybinsk, 2007. Bernadette Preben-Hansen (f. 1967) er ældste datter af Poul Johan Preben-Hansen (f. 1915 i Rybinsk, Jaroslav guvernement i tsar- Rusland, †1995 i Ordrup). Poul var anden søn af den danskfødte agent Emil Frederik Preben-Hansen og dennes danskfødte hustru Elisabeth Jørgensen. 4 Review Esther Aksel-Hansens breve er velskrevne og i den forstand læseværdige. Det er imponerende at en pige, midt i tyverne besidder en så åbenlys skriftlig udtryksfærdighed, og dette uanset hendes gode uddannelse. Esther Aksel-Hansen besidder ganske enkelt litterær begavelse. Af indlysende grunde fylder de såkaldte kommissionsbreve (plagebreve), godt op i det samlede brevkorpus. Ikke at det ikke kan have sin interesse at fordybe sig deri. For en kulturhistoriker præsenterer de et udmærket kildemateriale. Men den almene interesse for Esther Aksel-Hansens breve må primært samle sig om hendes beskrivelser af de begivenhedsforløb, der accelerer omkring hende: den russiske revolutions begyndelse 1917-1918. Man kan hævde, at der med hensyn til præcis iagttagelse og koldsindighed er gået en god krigskorrespondent tabt i Esther Aksel-Hansen. Derudover til belysning af personen Esther Aksel-Hansen er hendes beretninger fra sit arbejdsliv fornøjelige og kulturhistorisk interessante. Man mærker med hvilket engagement hun går op i sit arbejde på Det danske gesandtskab, og det står klart at Esther Aksel-Hansen udmærker sig ved godt overblik, utrættelig arbejdsevne, kollegialitet og et godt humør, der har været til glæde for alle, ikke mindst hende selv. Esther Aksel-Hansen er virkelig en tapper pige. Dog bemærker man, at hun næppe hæver sig over sin stands og sin tids fordomme. Om selvstændige refleksioner over tidens brændende spørgsmål og den politiske situation er der ikke tale. Et uddrag af Esther Aksel-Hansens breve kunne have almen interesse, men ville kræve et grundigt og velovervejet redigeringsarbejde. Klara Preben-Hansen Charlottenlund 2007 5 Brevskriveren Barndom Esther Aksel-Hansen blev født den 10. januar 1891 på Frederiksberg. Hun var datter af billedhuggeren Aksel Hansen, en af sin tids førende portrætskulptører, hvis buster og statuer figurerer på pladser i Danmarks købstæder. Han blev i 1870’erne optaget på Kunstakademiet i København, hvorfra han tog afgangseksamen som modellerer. Aksel Hansen var legatmodtager og afholdt en lang række udstillinger, blandt andet på Charlottenborg, men også i Paris, hvor han modtog udmærkelsen mention honorable. I 1884 ægtede han Ellen Margrethe Smith, datter af professor Henrik Sophus Smith. Ægteskabet bar fem børn, fire døtre og en søn.4 Esther, der overfor sin mor omtaler sig selv ”dit mellembarn” var det tredje barn. Uddannelse Esther voksede op på forældrenes adresse: Christian Winthersvej 17 på Frederiksberg i København, og tilhørte det københavnske borgerskab. I 1907 bestod hun præliminæreksamen med udmærkelse5 fra V. Schmidt- Phiseldeck og A. Tiemroths Skole på Frederiksberg. Sommeren 1912 tilbragte hun på Vejlby Højskole i Århus.6 Som 23-årig sprang Esther ud som lærerinde, da hun i 1914 bestod sin faglærerindeeksamen i engelsk,7 matematik8 og praktisk-pædagogisk kursus9 fra Frk. Milos Skole. Esther var en UG-elev med styrke i modersmålet og engelsk. Sproget Fra barnsben viste Esther sig optaget af sproget og dets muligheder på skrift. Fra sin tidligste ungdom til sit dødsår skrev hun digte og lejlighedsviser. Hun var 14 år, da hun i 1903 digtede til sin lærerinde på V. Schmidt- Phiseldeck og A. Tiemroths Skole: ”Vi har besluttet, at vi hellere vil strikke en hose end sy en nattøjspose.
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