U.S. Market Versus Asian Market for VW Group and Skoda Auto Expansion Opportunities
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2012 U.S. market versus Asian market for VW Group and Skoda Auto expansion opportunities Pavla Kralova Professor: Vaclav Chvalovsky 12/3/2012 University of New York in Prague European Business Administration U.S. market versus Asian market for VW Group and Skoda Auto expansion opportunities Pavla Kralova . Year: 2012-13 Mentor: Vaclav Chvalovsky Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge the support I have received throughout my studies at UNYP, not least from professors, faculty members, and for the patience and understanding of my family. This was invaluable in helping me progress through the studies. Abstract U.S. market versus Asian market for VW Group and Skoda Auto expansion opportunities This study examines the Volkswagen Group and Skoda Auto‘s expansion opportunities in the U.S. and Asian markets, by first taking a detailed look at the U.S. auto industry and it’s history, and in particular Detroit‘s Big Three, namely the Ford Motor Company, General Motors Corporation (GM) and Chrysler LLC. The study then looks at some of the defining moments and turning points of the U.S. auto industry through the 20th century, the impact of modern technologies, shifts in consumer taste and the current U.S. consumer profile. The following chapters then make a historical overview of the Volkswagen group and the Toyota Motor Corporation, being the current leader in a global car industry, and Volkswagen’s principal competitor. The study then continues with an overview of the auto industry in the BRIC countries, in particular focussing on China , India and Russia, while deliberately omitting Brazil as a separate study of Latin America was not in scope. Then the study looks at the current global battle in the auto industry between Toyota and Volkswagen especially in relation to Volkswagen‘s stated goals. The research questions and methods were based on comparison of statistical and historical secondary data, taken from a broader perspective with the relevance to the current situation and future development in a car production industry in both western and emerging markets. Business strategy theories, such as SWOT/TOWS, PESTEL and Competitive Profile Matrices have been implemented in the study in order to evaluate Volkswagen‘s position in the global market. Following this, the study moves to the current day, looking at the U.S. auto industry today, and Skoda’s role within the Volkswagen group, and concludes with comments on Volkswagen’s future strategy. Results show that some patterns among American consumers are unchangeable regardless of external challenges which together with an emerging phenomenon of an increasing trend in the physical size of the U.S. population, should discourage Volkswagen from focusing on the U.S. market, albeit a recovering market, and continue with it’s strategy concentrating on the Asian market. Contents 1 Introduction............................................................................................................................. 1 2 The U.S. Auto Industry........................................................................................................... 2 2.1 The early 20th century .................................................................................................... 2 2.2 The second half of the 20 th century................................................................................. 3 2.3 The U.S. market in the 1980’s ........................................................................................ 5 2.4 Government Intervention in the 1980’s .......................................................................... 7 2.5 Electric Vehicles and Green Technology ..................................................................... 11 2.6 U.S. Consumer Profile .................................................................................................. 13 3 Volkswagen Group ............................................................................................................... 17 3.1 Overview and Goals...................................................................................................... 17 3.2 History of the Volkswagen Group ................................................................................ 17 4 Toyota Motor Corporation.................................................................................................... 20 5 BRIC Countries and Auto Industry....................................................................................... 24 5.1 The Chinese Auto Industry today ................................................................................. 25 5.2 Joint ventures in China.................................................................................................. 27 5.3 Volkswagen and the WTO............................................................................................ 28 5.4 The Indian Auto Industry.............................................................................................. 29 5.5 The Russian Auto Industry ........................................................................................... 34 6 Global Battle ......................................................................................................................... 41 7 Business Strategy Analytical Tools ...................................................................................... 44 7.1 PESTEL Analysis ......................................................................................................... 44 7.2 SWOT and TOWS Analysis ......................................................................................... 49 7.3 Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM)............................................................................... 53 8 The US Auto Industry Today................................................................................................ 54 9 Skoda Auto Privatization and the Volkswagen group .......................................................... 58 9.1 Financial turmoil in 2008 and Skoda............................................................................ 58 9.2 Skoda Auto today.......................................................................................................... 59 10 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 60 11 Bibliography ..................................................................................................................... 63 List Of tables Table 1: Foreign brand import share of U.S. passenger car sales, 1955-80. .................................. 4 Table 2: The Detroit Three's U.S. market share, 1955-2008 .......................................................... 6 Table 3: Estimated Fuel Economy and Annual Fuel Use by Size Class ........................................ 8 Table 4: U.S. Light vehicle sales, 1960- 2008.............................................................................. 10 Table 5: Trends in Overweight and Obesity among Adults, United States, 1962-2010............... 15 Table 6: Tariffs, Pre- and Post- WTO Membership .................................................................... 26 Table 7: New ventures in the Indian motor industry .................................................................... 30 Table 8: The Russian Market’s contraction Will be Followed by a Strong Growth Surge .......... 36 Table 9: Russian light vehicle production forecast, thousand of units ......................................... 39 Table 10: Economic development overview BRIC and U.S. 2012 .............................................. 46 Table 11: SWOT Analysis Volkswagen....................................................................................... 51 Table 12: Volkswagen TOWS Matrix .......................................................................................... 52 Table 13: Competitive Profile Matrix CPM ................................................................................. 53 1 Introduction The recent global economic crisis starting in 2008 has destabilised the financial markets of the developed world, leading to the collapse of a number of prominent companies across several business sectors. Subsequently there has been a massive decline in demand for durables. Focussing on the automobile industry, global statistics show that the annual order for cars in 2009 was just fifty millions units, which did not actually allow any of the global auto manufacturers to generate any profit. Year to date 2012 records show that profitability in the auto industry has improved in most regions, with the exception of Western Europe. North America is receiving well deserved credit for its improved performance. In addition, profits in Asia (excluding Japan), which is the world’s largest auto market, have continued to make a steady progress. In response to the financial figures, investors, as well as corporate officials, are continuously questioning the industry’s declining prospects in Western Europe. Volkswagen Group, consisting of several brands, headquartered in Wolksburg, Germany, is the number one automobile manufacturer in Europe and third on the global market. The aim of the group is to make Volkswagen Group the leading car producer worldwide by 2018. In order to complete its ambition, the Group should be positioning itself outside of the stagnant, saturated Western market and towards the BRIC 1 emerging markets with its especially tailored models, rather than focussing on the recovering