DOCSLIB.ORG

Redalyc.Composición Química Del Duramen De La Madera De Quercus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Redalyc.Composición Química Del Duramen De La Madera De Quercus Madera y Bosques ISSN: 1405-0471 [email protected] Instituto de Ecología, A.C. México Rutiaga Quiñones, José Guadalupe; Weiderpass, E.; Strobel, C. Composición química del duramen de la madera de Quercus candicans Neé Madera y Bosques, vol. 6, núm. 2, 2000, pp. 73-80 Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Xalapa, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=61760206 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Madera y Bosques 6(2), 2000:73-80 73 Composición química del duramen de la madera de Quercus candicans Neé José G. Rutiaga Quiñones1 E. Windeisen2 C. Strobel2 RESUMEN ABSTRACT Harina tamizada del duramen de Sieved heartwood meal of Quercus Quercus candicans fue extraída candicans was extracted with petroleum sucesivamente con éter de petróleo, ether, acetone and methanol, then with acetona y metanol; posteriormente con agua cold water and, finally, with hot water. The fría y finalmente con agua caliente. El carbohydrates content was determined in análisis de carbohidratos se realizó en la extracted woodmeal, as well as in harina extraída y en los extractos metanólico methanolic and aqueous extracts. The y acuosos. Se determinó el contenido de content of Runkel lignin was determined. lignina Runkel. En la harina no extraída se The content of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen determinó el contenido de carbono, and ashes was also determined for non- hidrógeno, oxígeno y de cenizas. Las extracted wood. The ashes were analyzed cenizas fueron analizadas mediante energía by means of dispersive X Ray energy. The dispersiva de Rayos X. El valor del pH se pH value was determined. The heartwood determinó en la harina no extraída. El of Q. candicans contains 10.2 % duramen de Q. candicans contiene 10.2 % extractives, 66.9 % polysaccharides, 21.4 de extraíbles, 66.9 % de polisacáridos, 21.4 % Runkel lignin, 47.2 % carbon, 6.2 % % de lignina Runkel, 47.2 % de carbono, 6.2 hydrogen, 45.7 % oxygen and 0.9 % % de hidrógeno, 45.7 % de oxígeno y 0.9 % ashes. The ashes contain the following de cenizas. Las cenizas contienen los inorganic elements: K, Mg, Ca, P and S. siguientes elementos químicos: K, Mg, Ca, The pH value is 5.6. P y S. El pH es de 5.6. PALABRAS CLAVE: KEY WORDS: Quercus candicans, duramen, extraíbles, Quercus candicans, heartwood, polisacáridos, lignina, elementos extractives, polysaccharides, lignin, inorgánicos, química de la madera. inorganic elements, wood chemistry. 1 Facultad de Ingeniería en Tecnología de la Madera de la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Apartado Postal 2-27. Morelia 58041, Mich. México. 2 Institut für Holzforschung der Technischen Universität München. Winzererstr. 45, D-80797. München. Manuscrito recibido el 2 de diciembre de1999. Aceptado el 3 de marzo del 2000. 74 Composición química de Quercus candicans. Rutiaga et al. INTRODUCCIÓN OBJETIVO El género Quercus es de suma Determinar el contenido de importancia en México, tanto por su extraíbles, polisacáridos, lignina, cenizas, abundancia, ya que incide en la mayor pH y la composición elemental del parte de los bosques de clima templado y duramen de Q. candicans, además, semi-húmedo, como por su utilidad como analizar sus cenizas mediante energía especie forestal. Martínez (1951) dispersiva de Rayos X. menciona que a pesar de no tener un arreglo sistemático definitivo pudieran existir alrededor de 300 especies en MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS México y Centroamérica, de cuya cifra corresponde a México un 80 %. Algunos El árbol de Q. candicans Neé se estudios alrededor de este género han colectó en Villa Madero, Michoacán, su abarcado temas como: características altura total fue de 28 m y su diámetro de anatómicas (De la Paz, 1974, 1976, 1982, 38 cm, medido a 1.3 m de altura. De una 1985; Corral, 1981; Bucio, 1985), físicas y rodaja de 30 cm de espesor, tomada a 1.3 anatómicas (Negrete, 1970; Guerrero, m del tocón, se obtuvieron muestras 1989; Borja, 1991), físicas y mecánicas representativas de la zona del duramen y (Herrera y Bocanegra, 1996), de fueron molidas, adicionando hielo seco, en maquinado (Flores, 1990; Flores, 1991; un equipo Retsch. La harina obtenida fue Martínez y Martínez-Pinillos, 1996), de tamizada de acuerdo a la norma DIN 4188 secado (Zavala y Hernández, 1995; Zavala (1977) y extraída sucesivamente 6 h con et al., 1998) y durabilidad natural (Herrera éter de petróleo, acetona y metanol en un et al., 1976; Herrera et al., 1980), pero aparato Soxhlet; después digerida 48 h en relativamente pocos sobre aspectos agua a temperatura ambiente (llamado químicos: cantidad de extraíbles en Q. comúnmente extracto acuoso frío) y resinosa, Q. laurina, Q. candicans y Q. finalmente extraída 6 h con agua caliente obtusata (Sandoval, 1979), análisis de bajo reflujo. Los solventes orgánicos carbohidratos de las mismas especies fueron destilados a vacío en un rotavapor y (Delgado, 1980), y otro sobre el efecto los extractos acuosos se secaron por fungicida de los extraíbles de Q. laurina sublimación en un aparato de liofilización. (Rutiaga et al., 1999). Quercus candicans (roble, encino blanco, encino de asta) se El contenido de polisacáridos en la localiza en los estados mexicanos de madera extraída y en los extractos Sinaloa, Durango, Jalisco, Colima, metanólico y acuosos se determinó Michoacán, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Chiapas, mediante hidrólisis con ácido Guanajuato, Edo. de México, Morelos, trifluoroacético bajo diferentes condiciones Hidalgo, Tlaxcala, Puebla, Veracruz y en el (Fengel et al., 1978; Fengel y Wegener, Distrito Federal formando parte de los 1979) en un analizador de azúcares bosques de pino-encino (Niembro, 1986). automático (LC 2000 Biotronik). La lignina Su madera se emplea como leña, en la se determinó cuantitativamente por el obtención de carbón, en la fabricación de método de Runkel y Wilke (1951). La muebles, artículos torneados, durmientes, cantidad de carbono e hidrógeno en la carrocerías, embarcaciones y para harina del duramen sin extraer se carpintería en general. También se usa determinó en un analizador elemental para parquet, duela y lambrín, puertas y (Heraeus, CHN-O-Rapid), el oxígeno fue ventanas, mangos para herramientas e calculado por diferencia. implementos agrícolas (Niembro, 1986). Madera y Bosques 6(2), 2000:73-80 75 Se determinó el contenido de (Fengel y Wegener, 1984); un valor similar cenizas en la harina no extraída de xilosa (19.2 %) ha sido calculado para gravimétricamente y su análisis cualitativo otra especie de encino, Q. falcata (Timell, se realizó en un espectrómetro de energía 1957). En la muestra de Q. candicans, dispersiva de Rayos X (Kevex 4000) colectada en el Estado de Jalisco, se acoplado a un microscópio electrónico de encontró un 28.1 % de xilosa (Delgado, barrido (Leitz AMR 1200 B), bajo las 1980). Estas diferencias pueden deberse a condiciones de operación: 15 – 20 kV y los métodos empleados. La cantidad de 300 s. El valor del pH (como “moisture pH“, polisacáridos en la harina del duramen MpH) del duramen se determinó según la extraída fue de 65.8 %. metodología de Sandermann y Rothkamm (1959). Todas las determinaciones se Los hidrolizados de los diferentes efectuaron por triplicado. extractos revelan distintas cantidades de monosacáridos (Fig. 3), lo que era de esperarse. De ahí se deduce que el RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN extracto acuoso frío fue el que presentó la mayor cantidad de polisacáridos (24.0 %), El valor más bajo de extraíbles seguido por el acuoso caliente (16.0 %) y correspondió a la extracción con éter de finalmente el metanólico (8.9 %). Estos petróleo y los valores más altos a la resultados dejan de manifiesto el efecto de extracción con metanol y con agua (Fig. 1), la polaridad de los solventes en la lo que hace suponer que en la madera de ganancia de estos extractos. duramen estudiada se encuentran pocas sustancias no polares, como grasas y El contenido de lignina Runkel de ceras, y más sustancias polares, como 21.4 % es comparable con datos polisacáridos y flavonoides (Browning, presentados para otras especies de 1967). Mediante la secuencia de encinos (Fengel y Wegener, 1984). Por su extracción aquí empleada se ganaron más bajo contenido de lignina, esta madera extraíbles en agua fría que en agua pudiera emplearse en la obtención de caliente, pero no siempre sucede así, ya pulpa celulósica, p.e. en la fábrica "Crisoba que el tipo de madera desempeña un Industrial" de Morelia, actualmente se papel importante. La cantidad total de procesan por mes 15,800 m3 de madera extraíbles del duramen fue del 10.2 %. del género Quercus. El análisis elemental arrojó los siguientes resultados: 47.2 % de Para la misma especie, recolectada carbono, 6.2 % de hidrógeno y 45.7 % de en Tequila, Jalisco, se citan valores de 3.8 oxígeno, valores comparables con datos % y 5.3 % de extraíbles en alcohol- encontrados en la literatura (Nikitin, 1955). benceno y agua caliente, respectivamente El contenido de cenizas encontrado en el (Sandoval, 1979). El contenido duramen fue de 0.9 %, valor comprendido relativamente alto de sustancias extraíbles dentro del rango (0.1 - 1.0 %) mencionado presentes en el duramen de Q. candicans en la literatura para maderas latifoliadas de hace suponer que posee resistencia al clima templado (Fengel y Wegener, 1984) ataque de hongos, de hecho se califica de y ligeramente inferior al valor determinado moderada a altamente resistente (Herrera (1.2 %) para la misma especie colectada et al., 1976). Pero, una madera con alto en el Estado de Jalisco (Sandoval, 1979). contenido de extraíbles no siempre es resistente al biodeterioro. El análisis cualitativo de las cenizas, mediante energía dispersiva de Rayos X, El duramen extraído presentó 19.1 % revela la presencia de 5 elementos de xilosa (Fig.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Collection of Oak Trees of Mexico and Central America in Iturraran Botanical Gardens
    The Collection of Oak Trees of Mexico and Central America in Iturraran Botanical Gardens Francisco Garin Garcia Iturraran Botanical Gardens, northern Spain [email protected] Overview Iturraran Botanical Gardens occupy 25 hectares of the northern area of Spain’s Pagoeta Natural Park. They extend along the slopes of the Iturraran hill upon the former hay meadows belonging to the farmhouse of the same name, currently the Reception Centre of the Park. The minimum altitude is 130 m above sea level, and the maximum is 220 m. Within its bounds there are indigenous wooded copses of Quercus robur and other non-coniferous species. Annual precipitation ranges from 140 to 160 cm/year. The maximum temperatures can reach 30º C on some days of summer and even during periods of southern winds on isolated days from October to March; the winter minimums fall to -3º C or -5 º C, occasionally registering as low as -7º C. Frosty days are few and they do not last long. It may snow several days each year. Soils are fairly shallow, with a calcareous substratum, but acidified by the abundant rainfall. In general, the pH is neutral due to their action. Collections The first plantations date back to late 1987. There are currently approximately 5,000 different taxa, the majority being trees and shrubs. There are around 3,000 species, including around 300 species from the genus Quercus; 100 of them are from Mexico and Central America. Quercus costaricensis photo©Francisco Garcia 48 International Oak Journal No. 22 Spring 2011 Oaks from Mexico and Oaks from Mexico
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of the Genus Quercus (Fagaceae) of Aguascalientes, México
    13 1 2045 the journal of biodiversity data 14 February 2017 Check List LISTS OF SPECIES Check List 13(1): 2045, 14 February 2017 doi: https://doi.org/10.15560/13.1.2045 ISSN 1809-127X © 2017 Check List and Authors Checklist of the genus Quercus (Fagaceae) of Aguascalientes, México Víctor Manuel Martínez-Calderón, María Elena Siqueiros-Delgado1 & Julio Martínez-Ramírez Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Biología, Herbario HUAA, Avenida Universidad 940, Ciudad Universitaria, Código Postal 20131, Aguascalientes, AG, México 1 Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Twenty-five species of Quercus were collected in none occur in Yucatán (Rzedowski 2006). the state of Aguascalientes, 11 members of Quercus sect. In Aguascalientes, one of the smallest of the Mexican Lobatae (red oak) and 14 members of Quercus sect. Quercus states, two major physiographic units are recognized: (white oak). Ten species were newly recorded. Quercus xerophytic and temperate. The eastern half of the state potosina is the commonest and most widely distributed is a semiarid region where drier conditions predominate. species in the state. Eight species were found only in a single This portion of the state consists of a broad valley bounded municipality, Calvillo or San José de Gracia. The species of by a system of plateaus and low hills in the far east. Plant Quercus are mainly distributed in oak and pine-oak forest communities of this region are typical of a semi-arid in the western part of Aguascalientes. The municipalities climate and include crasicaules or thorny scrub, mesquite with the greatest numbers of species are San José de forests, and grasslands.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes Oak News
    The NewsleTTer of The INTerNaTIoNal oak socIeTy&, Volume 15, No. 1, wINTer 2011 Fagaceae atOak the Kruckeberg News Botanic GardenNotes At 90, Art Kruckeberg Looks Back on Oak Collecting and “Taking a Chance” isiting Arthur Rice Kruckeberg in his garden in Shoreline, of the house; other species are from the southwest U.S., and VWashington–near Seattle–is like a rich dream. With over Q. myrsinifolia Blume and Q. phillyraeiodes A.Gray from Ja- 2,000 plant species on the 4 acres, and with stories to go with pan. The Quercus collection now includes about 50 species, every one, the visitor can’t hold all the impressions together some planted together in what was an open meadow and others for long. Talking with Art about his collection of fagaceae interspersed among many towering specimens of Douglas fir, captures one slice of a life and also sheds light on many other Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, the most iconic native aspects of his long leadership in botany and horticulture in the conifer. Pacific Northwest of the United States. Though the major segment of the oak collection is drawn Art Kruckeberg arrived in Seattle in 1950, at age 30, to teach from California and southern Oregon, many happy years of botany at the University of Washington. He international seed exchanges and ordering grew up in Pasadena, California, among the from gardens around the world have extended canyon live oaks (Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.) the variety. A friend in Turkey supplied Q. and obtained his doctorate at the University of trojana Webb, Q. pubescens Willd., and–an- California at Berkeley.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecosystems and Diversity of the Sierra Madre Occidental
    Ecosystems and Diversity of the Sierra Madre Occidental M. S. González-Elizondo, M. González-Elizondo, L. Ruacho González, I.L. Lopez Enriquez, F.I. Retana Rentería, and J.A. Tena Flores CIIDIR I.P.N. Unidad Durango, Mexico Abstract—The Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) is the largest continuous ignimbrite plate on Earth. Despite its high biological and cultural diversity and enormous environmental and economical importance, it is yet not well known. We describe the vegetation and present a preliminary regionalization based on physio- graphic, climatic, and floristic criteria. A confluence of three main ecoregions in the area corresponds with three ecosystems: Temperate Sierras (Madrean), Semi-Arid Highlands (Madrean Xerophylous) and Tropical Dry Forests (Tropical). The Madrean region harbors five major vegetation types: pine forests, mixed conifer forests, pine-oak forests, oak forests and temperate mesophytic forests. The Madrean Xerophylous region has oak or pine-oak woodlands and evergreen juniper scrub with transitions toward the grassland and xerophylous scrub areas of the Mexican high plateau. The Tropical ecosystem, not discussed here, includes tropical deciduous forests and subtropical scrub. Besides fragmentation and deforestation resulting from anthropogenic activities, other dramatic changes are occurring in the SMO, including damage caused by bark beetles (Dendroctonus) in extensive areas, particularly in drought-stressed forests, as well as the expansion of chaparral and Dodoneaea scrub at the expense of temperate forest and woodlands. Comments on how these effects are being addressed are made. Introduction as megacenters of plant diversity: northern Sierra Madre Occidental and the Madrean Archipelago (Felger and others 1997) and the Upper The Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) or Western Sierra Madre is the Mezquital River region (González-Elizondo 1997).
    [Show full text]
  • 10 International Oak Journal No. 21 Spring 2010 Mexican Quercus Species in the Botanic Garden at Puebla University
    10 International Oak Journal No. 21 Spring 2010 Mexican Quercus species in the Botanic Garden at Puebla University Maricela Rodríguez-Acosta, Allen Coombes, Karla Vega and Lucina Marin Herbarium and Botanic Garden, Benemerita University of Puebla University Campus, Puebla, Puebla, México. [email protected] Quercus is a genus of trees and shrubs with between 300 and 600 species depending on current opinion. Mexico is known as the primary center of diversity of the genus and according to Valencia (2004) there are 161 species in Mexico, all belonging to subgenus Quercus. 81 of these are in Section Quercus, 76 in Section Lobatae and 4 in Section Protobalanus. The Mexican states with the greatest species diversity are Oaxaca, Jalisco and Nuevo Leon. However, more than half of the states have records of at least 20 species, and the state of Puebla currently has more than 33 species registered. The Botanic Garden of the Benemerita University of Puebla started in 1995 the development of an oak collection including some from other countries. After several trials, the collection has 170 individuals belonging to 61 species, of which 44 are Mexican. Of these, 23 belong to Section Quercus (Table 1), and 21 to Section Lobatae (Table 2). In addition there are two new species which are currently being described, one native to Oaxaca and Puebla and the other native to Hidalgo. The oak species grown here include more than 80% of those reported for the states of Morelos, Federal District, Tlaxcala and Hidalgo. The collection is expanding but we need more introductions from states such as Guerrero, Nuevo Leon and Jalisco.
    [Show full text]
  • Contribution to the Floristic Knowledge of the Sierra Mazateca of Oaxaca,Mexico
    NUMBER 20 MUNN-ESTRADA: FLORA OF THE SIERRA MAZATECA OF OAXACA, MEXICO 25 CONTRIBUTION TO THE FLORISTIC KNOWLEDGE OF THE SIERRA MAZATECA OF OAXACA,MEXICO Diana Xochitl Munn-Estrada Harvard Museums of Science & Culture, 26 Oxford St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Email: [email protected] Abstract: The Sierra Mazateca is located in the northern mountainous region of Oaxaca, Mexico, between the Valley of Tehuaca´n-Cuicatla´n and the Gulf Coastal Plains of Veracruz. It is part of the more extensive Sierra Madre de Oaxaca, a priority region for biological research and conservation efforts because of its high levels of biodiversity. A floristic study was conducted in the highlands of the Sierra Mazateca (at altitudes of ca. 1,000–2,750 m) between September 1999 and April 2002, with the objective of producing an inventory of the vascular plants found in this region. Cloud forests are the predominant vegetation type in the highland areas, but due to widespread changes in land use, these are found in different levels of succession. This contribution presents a general description of the sampled area and a checklist of the vascular flora collected during this study that includes 648 species distributed among 136 families and 389 genera. The five most species-rich angiosperm families found in the region are: Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, Rubiaceae, Melastomataceae, and Piperaceae, while the largest fern family is Polypodiaceae. Resumen: La Sierra Mazateca se ubica en el noreste de Oaxaca, Mexico,´ entre el Valle de Tehuaca´n-Cuicatla´n y la Planicie Costera del Golfo de Mexico.´ La region´ forma parte de una ma´s extensa, la Sierra Madre de Oaxaca, que por su alta biodiversidad es considerada como prioritaria para la investigacion´ biologica´ y la conservacion.´ Se realizo´ un estudio en la Sierra Mazateca (a alturas de ca.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bioenergetic Potential of Four Oak Species from Northeastern Mexico
    Article The Bioenergetic Potential of Four Oak Species from Northeastern Mexico Víctor Daniel Núñez-Retana 1, Christian Wehenkel 2 , Daniel José Vega-Nieva 3, Juan García-Quezada 1 and Artemio Carrillo-Parra 2,* 1 Institutional Master in Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Juarez University of the State of Durango, Highway Durango-Mezquital Km. 11.5, Durango CP 34307, Mexico; [email protected] (V.D.N.-R.); [email protected] (J.G.-Q.) 2 Institute of Forestry and Wood Industry, Juarez University of the State of Durango, Boulevard del Guadiana 501, Ciudad Universitaria, Torre de investigación, Durango 34120, Mexico; [email protected] 3 Faculty of Forestry, Juarez University of the State of Durango, Río Papaloapan and Blvd Durango S/N Col. Valle del Sur, Durango CP 34120, Mexico; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +52-618-180-9912 Received: 1 August 2019; Accepted: 27 September 2019; Published: 3 October 2019 Abstract: Lack of knowledge regarding the fuel quality of diverse tree species prevents their use. Furthermore, the potential use of wood with the bark of different tree species for pellet production is still relatively unexplored in the scientific literature. In Mexico, the sawdust of Quercus genus (oak) is underutilized, despite it being an important forest resource, due to some anatomical and technological characteristics. The sawdust of Quercus with bark is also considered to have a low economic value. The objective of this study was to analyze the energy characteristics of barked and debarked Quercus sideroxyla, Q. rugosa, Q. laeta, and Q. conzattii in order to evaluate their potential for pellet production.
    [Show full text]
  • Sympatric Parallel Diversification of Major Oak Clades in the Americas
    Research Sympatric parallel diversification of major oak clades in the Americas and the origins of Mexican species diversity Andrew L. Hipp1,2, Paul S. Manos3, Antonio Gonzalez-Rodrıguez4, Marlene Hahn1, Matthew Kaproth5,6, John D. McVay3, Susana Valencia Avalos7 and Jeannine Cavender-Bares5 1The Morton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Route 53, Lisle, IL 60532, USA; 2The Field Museum, 1400 S Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA; 3Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; 4Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Antigua Carretera a Patzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex Hacienda de San Josedela Huerta, Morelia, Michoacan 58190, Mexico; 5Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; 6Department of Biological Sciences, Minnesota State University, Mankato, MN 56001, USA; 7Herbario de la Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biologıa Comparada, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior, s.n., Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacan, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico Summary Authors for correspondence: Oaks (Quercus, Fagaceae) are the dominant tree genus of North America in species number Andrew L. Hipp and biomass, and Mexico is a global center of oak diversity. Understanding the origins of oak Tel: +1 630 725 2094 diversity is key to understanding biodiversity of northern temperate forests. Email: [email protected] A phylogenetic study of biogeography, niche evolution and diversification patterns in Paul S. Manos Quercus was performed using 300 samples, 146 species. Next-generation sequencing data Tel: +1 919 660 7358 Email: [email protected] were generated using the restriction-site associated DNA (RAD-seq) method. A time- calibrated maximum likelihood phylogeny was inferred and analyzed with bioclimatic, soils, Jeannine Cavender-Bares and leaf habit data to reconstruct the biogeographic and evolutionary history of the American Tel: +1 612 624 6337 Email: [email protected] oaks.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Value of a Natural Protected Area in the State of Puebla, Mexico
    Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 83: 834-846, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2012.3.1265 Conservation value of a natural protected area in the state of Puebla, Mexico Valor de conservación de una área natural protegida en Puebla, México Ernesto Iván Badano1 , Jerónimo García-Guzmán2, Carlos Hernán Vergara-Briceño2, Luis Enrique Martínez- Romero3, María de las Nieves Barranco-León2, Florencio Luna-Castellanos2, Ana María Acuña-Cors2, Miguel Ángel García-Valenzuela2 y Carlos Renato Ramos-Palacios1 1División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Colonia Lomas 4ta. Sección, 78216 San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México. 2Escuela de Ciencias, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Santa Catarina Mártir, 72820 San Andrés Cholula, Puebla, México. 3Parque Estatal Flor del Bosque, Secretaria de Sustentabilidad Ambiental y Ordenamiento Territorial Gobierno del Estado de Puebla, Carril a San Bartolo S/N, Exhacienda San Bartolo Flor del Bosque, Colonia Casa Blanca, 72360 Amozoc de Mota, Puebla, México. [email protected] Abstract. Mexico has several natural protected areas (NPAs) managed by state administrations. However, the aims these NPAs are more closely related to local political contexts than to their importance as reservoirs of biodiversity. In this study, we assessed the conservation value of the park Flor del Bosque, in the state of Puebla. Since this park contains both, well-preserved and human-disturbed habitats, we compared the diversity of plants and birds between these habitat types. Later, to assess its conservation value, the total diversity of the park was compared with that from an external, unprotected site with similar vegetation structure.
    [Show full text]
  • The Red List of Oaks
    The Red List of Oaks Sara Oldfield and Antonia Eastwood FAUNA & FLORA INTERNATIONAL (FFI) , founded in 1903 and the world’s oldest international conservation organization, acts to conserve threatened species and ecosystems worldwide, choosing solutions that are sustainable, are based on sound science and take account of human needs. Published by Fauna & Flora International, Cambridge, UK. © 2007 Fauna & Flora International ISBN: 9781 903703 25 0 BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL (BGCI) Reproduction of any part of the publication for educational, conservation and other non-profit is a membership organization linking botanic gardens in over 100 purposes is authorized without prior permission from countries in a shared commitment to biodiversity conservation, the copyright holder, provided that the source is fully sustainable use and environmental education. BGCI aims to mobilize acknowledged. botanic gardens and work with partners to secure plant diversity for the Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes well-being of people and the planet. BGCI provides the Secretariat for is prohibited without prior written permission from the the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. copyright holder. The designation of geographical entities in this document and the presentation of the material do not imply any expression on the part of the authors or Fauna & Flora International concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or its authorities, or concerning the delineation of its frontiers or boundaries. AUTHORS THE GLOBAL TREES CAMPAIGN is a joint initiative between FFI and Sara Oldfield is Secretary General of Botanic Gardens BGCI in partnership with a wide range of other organizations around Conservation International (BGCI) and Chair of the the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Wood Research Chemical Components of the Branches of Six Hardwood Species
    WOOD RESEARCH 63 (5): 2018 795-808 CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF THE BRANCHES OF SIX HARDWOOD SPECIES Miguel Ángel Cárdenas-Gutiérrez, Fabiola Eugenia Pedraza-Bucio Pablo López-Albarrán, José G. Rutiaga-Quiñones Universidad Michoacana De San Nicolás De Hidalgo, Facultad De Ingenieria En Tecnología De La Madera Morelia, Michoacán, México Fermin Correa-Méndez Universidad Intercultural Indigena De Michoacán Desarrollo Sustentable, Tecnologías Alternativas Patzcuaro, Michoacán, México Artemio Carrillo-Parra Universidad Juárez Del Estado De Durango, Instituto De Silvicultura e Industria De La Madera Durango, Durango, México. Rafael Herrera-Bucio Universidad Michoacana De San Nicolás De Hidalgo, Instituto De Ciencias Químico Biológicas Morelia, Michoacán, México (Received September 2017) This article is dedicated to Felipe Ramírez Cano on the occasion of his retirement as professor at the University of Guadalajara (México) ABSTRACT The biomass generated from tree pruning or derived from the forest exploitations could be susceptible to chemical use and studies on chemical composition in tree branches are scarce. Therefore, in this investigation the biomass of the branches of six hardwood species (Alnus acuminata, A. jorullensis, Quercus candicans, Q. laurina, Q. rugosa and Symplocos citrea), derived from the forest use by the indigenous community of Nuevo San Juan Parangaricutiro from Michoacan State, Mexico, were used. The chemical composition in wood and bark was determined and the tannin content was evaluated by two methods of extraction: aqueous extraction and ethanolic extraction. In general, the results obtained varied as follows: pH (4.25-5.19), ash (0.08-10.23%), 795 WOOD RESEARCH total extractives (6.9-49.5%), solubility to soda (25.36-70.9%), Runkel lignin (17.64-47.33 %), holocellulose (32.74-86.51%), alpha-cellulose (30.58-61.20%), tannins (0.26-10.67% by aqueous extraction, 0.23-12.21% by ethanolic extraction).
    [Show full text]
  • The Red List of Trees of Guatemala
    The Red List of Trees of Guatemala Jose Luis Vivero, Michelle Szejner, James Gordon and Georgina Magin FAUNA & FLORA INTERNATIONAL (FFI), founded in 1903 and the world’s first international conservation organization, acts to conserve threatened species and ecosystems worldwide, choosing solutions that are sustainable, are based on sound science and take account of human needs. BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL (BGCI) is a membership organization linking botanic gardens in over 100 countries in a shared commitment to biodiversity conservation, sustainable use and environmental education. BGCI aims to mobilize botanic gardens and work with partners to secure plant diversity for the well-being of people and the planet. BGCI provides the Secretariat for the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. THE GLOBAL TREES CAMPAIGN is a joint initiative between FFI, BGCI and the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), in association with other partners around the world, working for the conservation of threatened trees and their habitats. SPONSOR THE IUCN/SSC GLOBAL TREE SPECIALIST Financial support provided by Defra COMPILERS GROUP forms part of the Species Survival (the UK Government Department for Commission (SSC), the largest of IUCN’s Environment, Food and Rural Affairs) Jose Luis Vivero, member of the six volunteer commissions with a global for the development of this document IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group membership of 8000 experts. SSC advises is gratefully acknowledged. Defra is IUCN and its members on the wide range supporting the Convention on Biological Michelle Szejner, Universidad del Valle de of technical and scientific aspects of Diversity Global Strategy for Plant Guatemala species conservation and is dedicated to Conservation (GSPC) through the Plant securing a future for biodiversity.
    [Show full text]