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International Oaks the Journal of the International Oak Society International Oaks The Journal of the International Oak Society Issue No. 23 Spring 2012 ISSN 1941-2061 Arborist author Ryan Russell working high in the New Madrid Oak ortet tree in Missouri - see page 49 - photo by Ryan Russell The ‘New Madrid’ stock tree at Pavia Nursery in Belgium - Nurseryman Dirk Benoit and Guy Sternberg (Inset - spring color in May) - see page 49 photos by Guy Sternberg Daniel Burford with Quercus arkansana - see page 16 photo by Larry Burford. Jr. Shawn Haddock with a Quercus baloot he Henri de Brem with Quercus rysophylla - see page 55 collected in Pakistan - see page 27 photo by Béatrice Chassé photo by Guy Sternberg INTERNATIONAL OAKS The Journal of the International Oak Society Issue No. 23 Spring 2012 ISSN 1941 2061 Spring 2012 International Oak Journal No. 23 1 The International Oak Society Board of Directors, 2012 Béatrice Chassé (France), President Charles Snyers d'Attenhoven (Belgium), Vice-President Jim Hitz (USA), Secretary William Hess (USA), Treasurer Dirk Benoît (Belgium) Allen Coombes (Mexico) Ron Lance (USA) Rudy Light (USA) Guy Sternberg (USA) Allan Taylor (USA) Editorial Office: Membership Office: Guy Sternberg Rudy Light Starhill Forest 11535 East Road 12000 Boy Scout Trail Redwood Valley, CA 95470 (USA) Petersburg, IL 62675 (USA) [email protected] [email protected] Allan Taylor 787 17th StreetU Boulder, CO 80302 (USA) [email protected] The International Oak Society is a nonprofit organization dedicated to encouraging the study and cultivation of oaks (genus Quercus). Begun in 1985 to facilitate seed exchange, the Society has grown into a worldwide group bringing together oak lovers from nearly 30 countries on six continents. Being a member you will: • receive a yearly membership directory, an invaluable network of contacts • receive International Oaks (journal) and Oak News and Notes (newsletter) • receive special offers on books, publications and oak-related items • be able to participate in the triennial conferences and seed exchanges • be able to participate in many oak-related events all over the world such as the Oak Open Days • have open access to the IOS website For more information on becoming a member, check out the International Oak Society website: http://www.internationaloaksociety.org ISSN 1941 2061 Cover photos: Habit and detail of Quercus havardii, the Havard shin oak, growing on pure sand near Monahans, Texas (see article on page 75) photo and inset©David Richardson 2 International Oak Journal No. 23 Spring 2012 Table of Contents Editorial Béatrice Chassé ...............................................................................................5 Reflections upon Oak-Happy Days - The International Oak Society to 2012 Allen Coombes, Eike Jablonski, Ron Lance and Guy Sternberg .....................7 An Oak Named after My State Larry Burford, Jr .............................................................................................................16 A Tree Tale: Quercus semecarpifolia Sm. in Cornwall Béatrice Chassé .............................................................................................21 A Tale of Two Sites Allen Coombes ...............................................................................................25 Oaks in a Difficult Climate - Arboretum de la Bergerette Shaun Haddock ..............................................................................................27 Growing Mexican Oaks in Devon, UK Michael Heathcoat Amory .............................................................................41 The Unique Nuttall Oak Tree at New Madrid, Missouri Ryan Russell ...................................................................................................49 Normandy Bound - Destination: the Quercetum du Hanouard, August, 2011 Béatrice Chassé .............................................................................................55 Largest Known Quercus garryana Clone Discovered on a Steep Slope at the Boundary of Larrabee State Park, Washington, USA Justin M. Stewart, Travis D. Marsico, David Burge and Jessica J. Hellmann .....................................................................................67 Oaks of the Texas Big Country David Richardson ........................................................................................75 Nonprofit Organization Preserves National Champion Oak Cross-Section Zarah Wyly .....................................................................................................82 The Challenges of Ex Situ Conservation for Threatened Oaks Andrea T. Kramer and Valerie Pence ............................................................90 Spring 2012 International Oak Journal No. 23 3 Quercus 'Piers Trehane' - A New Oak Cultivar Eike J. Jablonski ........................................................................................108 A Gallery of our History Guy Sternberg ............................................................................................111 7th International Oak Society Conference ....................................................................................................................125 4 International Oak Journal No. 23 Spring 2012 Editorial Béatrice Chassé, President [[email protected]] Of acorns, labels and change As I stroll through my nursery, marveling at Q. urbanii Trel., Q. resinosa Liebm., Q. carmenensis C.H. Mull. and countless others, I am overwhelmed by the beauty and vigor of these baby trees and the realization that there is so much to be discovered, to be learned, about oaks. Collecting in Mexico is of course the perfect place to grasp the abundance of mysteries offered by the genus and conse- quently how important it is to support collecting and research efforts. The year 2011 was a spectacular acorn year here at the Arboretum des Pouy- ouleix in terms of number of fruiting species grown from seed collected all over the world. Being rather strict about only planting trees grown from wild-collected seed we will not grow these acorns but their presence is a beautiful sight and proof again of the incredible adaptability of oaks. In Paternity and Pollination in Oaks: Answers Blowin’ in the Wind (Inter- national Oaks, Issue N°. 22) Mary V. Ashley demonstrates – as has been cor- roborated by other studies – that even in the wild, in the midst of a “pure” stand (difficult to find in the best situations) pollination can indeed come from afar. And so, it is not necessarily the trees next to the tree that you are plucking acorns from that have pollinated the flowers. No one who has taken the time to grasp specific differences and nomenclatural complications should despair about their (in)abil- ity to identify oaks: the babies that grow from a correctly identified species can still hold surprises. The corollary to this is of course that everyone who is planting oaks should be wary about labels and spend more time looking at their trees! Similarly, one must not despair or have malevolent feelings about those who undertake taxonomic revisions and name changes: it is impossible for botanists to examine all of the populations of a species at once (unless its distribution is ex- tremely restricted, as is the case for example with Q. deliquescens C.H. Muller). A very good recent example of this is the new species Q. delgadoana Valencia, Nixon and Kelly (see the NEWS section at internationaloaksociety.org). What was thought to be from north to south one species, Q. eugeniifolia Liebm., was studied more closely to reveal sufficiently significant differences between popula- tions to warrant the creation of a new name for some of them. The science of genetics is not an oracle: there is unfortunately nothing in the DNA of Q. fulva Liebm. that screams up through a microscope, “Hey! I’m Q. fulva.” Much as a morphologist will decide that petiole length between 0.4 cm and 1 cm indicates one species and petiole length between 1 cm and 1.4 cm another, so geneticists must decide what delimiting markers they will use to interpret who is what. In both cases these decisions are not arbitrary but they are based on our understanding at a given moment in time in the context of a specific theory. Ever since Darwin, and the theory that biological evolution was a slow and steady process, the significance that was given to the “gaps” in the fossil record Spring 2012 International Oak Journal No. 23 5 was that the various forces involved in fossilization and other forms of preserva- tion of organic material were not always present, or at best, faulty. With the theory that proposed evolution as a process of punctuated equilibrium formulated by Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldridge, the gaps no longer signified “something missing” – they signify stasis. As our understanding changes and our theories are modified, the significance of facts changes (although not necessarily in that order). Change, not stability, is, after all, the essential ingredient of any evolution. This issue of International Oaks is the last one to have Guy Sternberg as Editor. He has held this position since Issue N° 16 (2004) and his involvement in these editorial activities reaches further back. He has devoted a lot of time and effort to producing our journals and his editorial footprint will remain in these published documents. Having worked in scientific publishing for nearly 20 years, I know that the difficulties and challenges he has encountered have not been easy. His retirement from the Board will give others the opportunity to imprint their talent
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