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Proceedings of the 42nd Australian Linguistic Society Conference 2011 edited by Maïa Ponsonnet Loan Dao Margit Bowler Papers available online: http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9404 Australian Linguistic Society website: http://www.als.asn.au/ Editorial note The 2011 Conference of the Australian Linguistic Society was held at The Australian National University in Canberra between the 1st and the 4th December 2011, hosted jointly by the School of Language Studies and the School of Culture, History and Language. The Conference convenors were Jane Simpson and Nicholas Evans. Twenty of the papers presented at the conference were submitted for these proceedings, of which seventeen were accepted for publication after an anonymous peer review by at least two academic referees each. Sixteen articles were revised for publication. Cynthia Allen, Margit Bowler, Loan Dao, David Nash, Maïa Ponsonnet and Jane Simpson jointly took care of the peer review and editorial process. The review process for the proceedings was separate from and in addition to that of the conference abstracts. We are grateful to all referees for their meticulous work and their constructive comments. We recommend that references to the papers in these proceedings follow the format below: <Author(s)> 2012 <Title> in Ponsonnet M, L Dao & M Bowler (eds) Proceedings of the 42nd Australian Linguistic Society Conference – 2011 (Canberra, 1-4 Dec 2011) Canberra: ANU Research Repository https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au – Access: http://hdl.handle.net/1885/[article code] Published in Canberra in October 2012. The copyright of each article remains with its author(s). ISBN: 978-0-9802815-4-5 Table of contents Taking to the airwaves. .5 A strategy for language revival Rob Amery http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9280 Sad Stories . .27 A preliminary study of NAPLAN practice texts analysing students’ second language linguistic resources and the effects of these on their written narratives Denise Angelo http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9313 The Vietnamese classifiers ‘CON’, ‘CÁI’ . .58 and the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) approach: A preliminary study Loan Dao http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9327 Grammar rules, OK? . .75 What works when teaching a higly endangered Aboriginal language versus a strong language Mary-Anne Gale //http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9397 I can haz language play: . .97 The construction of language and identity in LOLspeak Lauren Gawne and Jill Vaughan http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9398 Case marking (accounts) in collapse: . .123 Evidence from Early Modern Dutch egodocuments (1572-1573) Jennifer Hendriks http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9399 The linguistic anatomy of individual differences in Japanese monologues: . .152 Focusing on particles and interjections Shunichi Ishihara http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9400 The morphosyntax of a created language of the Philippines: . 178 Folk linguistic effects and the limits of relexification Piers Kelly http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9401 Simplifying a system: . .223 A story of language change in Lelepa, Vanuatu Sébastien Lacrampe http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9402 The semantics of the Cantonese utterance particle laa1 . .245 Helen Leung http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9403 On conversational valence and the definition of interjections. 281 Alan Libert http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9418 Non-referential actor indexing in Nehan. 296 John Olstad http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9419 Non-finite complementation in French L2: . 315 A learner corpus approach Hugues Peters http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9420 Body-parts in Dalabon and Barunga Kriol: . .351 Matches and mismatches Maïa Ponsonnet http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9421 The expression of potential event modality . 388 in the Papuan language of Koromu Carol Priestley http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9422 Musicolinguistic artistry of niraval in Carnatic vocal music. 422 Mahesh Radhakrishnan http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9423 Taking to the airwaves A strategy for language revival Rob Amery University of Adelaide and Kaurna Warra Pintyandi [email protected] Abstract. The re-introduction of an Indigenous language into an English-speaking community presents an enormous challenge. School programs, workshops and songwriting projects have typically been the starting point for language reclamation with small numbers of participants involved. Increasingly, reclaimed languages are being used in public to give speeches of “Welcome to Country” or by choirs in the singing of songs. At the same time, reclaimed languages are appearing in signage and works of art. However, the opportunity to hear reclaimed languages spoken is rare. Radio and associated podcasts and downloads offer a means of reaching a wider audience. This paper will discuss a project to develop and broadcast two-hour-long radio programs in and about the Kaurna language, the original language of the Adelaide Plains, which is being reclaimed on the basis of 19th century written records (see Amery, 2000). Strategies have been developed to engage with an English- speaking audience in a way that makes the Kaurna language interesting and accessible. This may serve as a model for other languages in similar situations to follow. Keywords. Kaurna, language revival, radio, media, code- switching ANU Research Repository – http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9404 Proceedings of the 42nd Australian Linguistic Society Conference – 2011 M Ponsonnet, L Dao & M Bowler (eds) Proceedings of the 42nd ALS Conference – 2011 AMERY 1. Introduction1 Indigenous peoples in many different parts of the world have produced their own radio and television programs, and set up their own media organisations and radio and television stations. Not surprisingly, they have broadcast programs in Indigenous languages to inform and to entertain in the first language of communities of listeners. Perhaps less well-known is the fact that many programs have been produced and many radio and television stations have been established for the prime purpose of maintaining, promoting and reviving languages. In some cases funding has been allocated specifically to support language revival by means of radio and television. 1.1 Radio and television for maintaining, promoting and reviving Indigenous languages Raidió na Gaeltachta, broadcasting in Irish, was established in 1972, explicitly to “support revival of the language” (Cotter, 2001:305). Cotter goes on to claim that it was “the only station in the world broadcasting to ethnic minorities at the time”. This claim is somewhat overstated, as broadcasting in Māori language dates back to the 1930s and a 15-minute weekly news bulletin in Māori was aired during World War II on the activities of the Māori battalion. However, it is true that it was not until 1978 that Te Reo O Aotearoa, Radio New Zealand’s Māori and Pacific Islands’ Broadcasting Unit was established (te Ua, n.d.). Māori radio and television are quite explicit in their primary purpose being to revitalise the Māori language. The Māori TV Homepage begins: The Māori language is the cornerstone of Māori culture. It provides a platform for Māori cultural development and supports a unique New Zealand identity within a global society. It is a taonga (treasure), at the 1 Thanks to participants in the Kaurna radio shows: Jack Kanya Buckskin, Jamie Ngungana Goldsmith, Stave Gadlabarti Goldsmith, Kauwanu Lewis O’Brien, Katrina Karlapina Power, Taylor Power-Smith and Ngarrpadla Alitya Rigney for the use of their material. Thanks also to Christine Brown, producer of the Kaurna Warra Ngayirda Wingkurila “Kaurna language on the airwaves” radio shows. Work underpinning this paper has been supported through the Indigenous Languages Support (ILS) program funded through the Office of the Arts, Department of Regional Australia, Local Government, Arts & Sport. I thank the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. ~ 6 ~ Proceedings of the 42nd ALS Conference – 2011 AMERY very heart of Māori culture and identity, and for that reason alone it must be preserved and fostered. New Zealand’s national indigenous broadcaster, Māori Television, has been established as one of a number of important initiatives to promote and revitalise the Māori language. The aim of our channel is to play a major role in revitalising language and culture that is the birthright of every Māori and the heritage of every New Zealander.2 In 1993 the New Zealand government established Te Māngai Pāho under the Broadcasting Amendment Act to allocate funds specifically to promote radio and television broadcasts in Māori. According to the Statement of Intent 2011–2016, the agency currently manages over $52 million3 in funding contracts (Te Māngai Pāho, 2011:7) with 21 iwi (tribal) radio stations to deliver eight hours of Māori language content each day; the Māori Television Service for in-house productions; and independent Māori language productions for radio, television and music CDs.4 Hoopa Valley Radio was reportedly established in 1980 with the express aim of promoting the Hupa language. Joseph Orozco, Station Manager and founder of KIDE 91.3 FM broadcasting in the Hoopa Valley in northern California said: “we started looking into it as part of the Hoopa Tribal Education committee, as a way to promote the Hupa language” (Walters, 2005:1). A weekly program was broadcast including bingo games, Hoopa cultural history and reviews and previews of vocabulary in the community language class (Bennett, 2003:66). Media has been used in various ways within language revival. In Israel radio was used to promote purist pronunciation norms for Israeli, including the alveolar trill /r/
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