U 'A – C E D "S P 'I " Integration De La Langue Yoruba Au
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8 AFRICA 8 Ask God to Use the Truth Found in His Word to Mature Those Who Follow Christ
8 AFRICA 8 Ask God to use the truth found in His Word to mature those who follow Christ. May the Scriptures draw CIDA; AFRICA others into a transforming relationship with Him. Praise the Lord! A production of dramatized MARBLE; AFRICA Scripture stories in Cida is now complete and the stories are being released one at a time on the Internet. The main translator in the Marble New Testament The Scripture website is getting about one thousand project suffered from ongoing health problems that hits a week, mostly from speakers of the language who prevented her from working. Praise the Lord that have immigrated to other countries. Pray that the she is now able to work again. Ask God to continue translation team will find ways to get the recordings to heal her body and keep her from further relapses. directly into the country, possibly through radio Pray for final revisions and consultant checks on broadcasts. Ask God to give creativity to the team as the manuscript to be completed so that the New they consider how to improve the online feedback Testament can be recorded and distributed in audio mechanism in order to increase communications format; it will then also be printed. Ask the Lord to between the audience and a local believer who is direct the team in finding the best ways to distribute responding to their questions and comments. Above these Scriptures, and for hearts eager to receive them. all, pray that these products will result in new NARA; AFRICA believers and communities of faith. Rejoice! The Nara New Testament is now available in KWEME; AFRICA (40,000) audio and PDF format on the Internet! Local believers The Kweme New Testament was completed and are increasingly interested in the translation as they an additional review of it was carried out last year. -
Alfred M Traux
The Dennis Wheatley Library of the Occult Volume 19 Doctor Alfred Métraux spent many years on the study of religious phenomena and diverse cults. He often visited Haiti, sometimes spending long periods there. From 1948 to 1950 he was head of a sociological survey of the Marbial Valley. He became the trusted friend of several hungan and mambo, the priests and priestesses of Voodoo, from whom he gained a great deal of the insight and understanding which is revealed in this book. Voodoo ALFRED MÉTRAUX Translated by Hugo Charteris First published in Great Britain by Andre Deutsch Ltd 1959 Copyright © Alfred Métraux 1959 Preface copyright © Schoken Books Inc 1972 Published by Sphere Books 1974 Introduction copyright © Dennis Wheatley 1974 To the memory of LORGINA DELORGE mambo of La Salines whose sacred name was ‘Dieu devant’ and to MADAME ODETTE MENNESSON-RIGAUD ‘certified’ mambo without whose help this book could never have been written Contents Introduction by Dennis Wheatley 7 Preface by Sidney W. Mintz 9 I. THE HISTORY OF VOODOO Origins and History of the Voodoo Cults 19 II. THE SOCIAL FRAMEWORK OF VOODOO 1. The Social Framework of Voodoo 38 2. Voodoo Clergy and Cult-groups 40 3. The Sanctuaries 48 III. THE SUPERNATURAL WORLD 1. Gods and Spirits in Haitian Voodoo 52 2. The Power of the Loa 59 3. The Voodoo Pantheon 61 4. Possession 73 5. Epiphany of the Gods 85 6. Dreams 86 7. The Cult of Twins 88 8. Animist Beliefs 92 IV. RITUAL 1. Ritual 95 2. The Ritual Salutations 96 3. The Flag Parade 97 4. -
Contact-Induced Changes in Amerindian Languages of French Guiana Françoise Rose, Odile Renault-Lescure
Contact-induced changes in Amerindian Languages of French Guiana Françoise Rose, Odile Renault-Lescure To cite this version: Françoise Rose, Odile Renault-Lescure. Contact-induced changes in Amerindian Languages of French Guiana. Stolz, T., Bakker, D. & Salas Palomo, R. Aspects of language contact, Mouton de Gruyter, pp.349-376, 2008. halshs-00714166 HAL Id: halshs-00714166 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00714166 Submitted on 3 Jul 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Contact-induced changes in Amerindian Languages of French Guiana Françoise Rose / Odile Renault-Lescure Laboratoire CELIA (Paris, Cayenne), IRD-CNRS (France) 1. Introduction French Guiana is an ideal place for the study of language contact, with its six Amerindian languages, various French based and English based Creoles, immigrant languages like Chinese or Hmong and, what is of interest for this conference, Romance languages like French, Portuguese and Spanish (Launey et al, 2003). This paper will focus on contact between on the one hand, two Amerindian languages, Kali‟na and Emérillon, and on the other hand Romance languages: French, Portuguese and Spanish. This contact will regularly be compared with the contact of the same Amerindian languages with Creole languages. -
The History of Wake Forest University (1983–2005)
The History of Wake Forest University (1983–2005) Volume 6 | The Hearn Years The History of Wake Forest University (1983–2005) Volume 6 | The Hearn Years Samuel Templeman Gladding wake forest university winston-salem, north carolina Publisher’s Cataloging-in-Publication data Names: Gladding, Samuel T., author. Title: History of Wake Forest University Volume 6 / Samuel Templeman Gladding. Description: First hardcover original edition. | Winston-Salem [North Carolina]: Library Partners Press, 2016. | Includes index. Identifiers: ISBN 978-1-61846-013-4. | LCCN 201591616. Subjects: LCSH: Wake Forest University–History–United States. | Hearn, Thomas K. | Wake Forest University–Presidents–Biography. | Education, Higher–North Carolina–Winston-Salem. |. Classification: LCCLD5721.W523. | First Edition Copyright © 2016 by Samuel Templeman Gladding Book jacket photography courtesy of Ken Bennett, Wake Forest University Photographer ISBN 978-1-61846-013-4 | LCCN 201591616 All rights reserved, including the right of reproduction, in whole or in part, in any form. Produced and Distributed By: Library Partners Press ZSR Library Wake Forest University 1834 Wake Forest Road Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27106 www.librarypartnerspress.org Manufactured in the United States of America To the thousands of Wake Foresters who, through being “constant and true” to the University’s motto, Pro Humanitate, have made the world better, To Claire, my wife, whose patience, support, kindness, humor, and goodwill encouraged me to persevere and bring this book into being, and To Tom Hearn, whose spirit and impact still lives at Wake Forest in ways that influence the University every day and whose invitation to me to come back to my alma mater positively changed the course of my life. -
ECFG-Benin-Apr-19.Pdf
About this Guide This guide is designed to prepare you to deploy to culturally complex environments and achieve mission objectives. The fundamental information contained within will help you understand the decisive cultural dimension of your assigned location and gain skills necessary for success (Photo: Beninese medics perform routine physical examinations on local residents of Wanrarou, Benin). ECFG The guide consists of 2 parts: Part 1 introduces “Culture General,” the foundational knowledge you need to operate effectively in any global environment. Benin Part 2 presents “Culture Specific” Benin, focusing on unique cultural features of Beninese society and is designed to complement other pre-deployment training. It applies culture- general concepts to help increase your knowledge of your assigned deployment location (Photo: Beninese Army Soldier practices baton strikes during peacekeeping training with US Marine in Bembereke, Benin). For further information, visit the Air Force Culture and Language Center (AFCLC) website at www.airuniversity.af.edu/AFCLC/ or contact AFCLC’s Region Team at [email protected]. Disclaimer: All text is the property of the AFCLC and may not be modified by a change in title, content, or labeling. It may be reproduced in its current format with the expressed permission of the AFCLC. All photography is provided as a courtesy of the US government, Wikimedia, and other sources as indicated. GENERAL CULTURE PART 1 – CULTURE GENERAL What is Culture? Fundamental to all aspects of human existence, culture shapes the way humans view life and functions as a tool we use to adapt to our social and physical environments. A culture is the sum of all of the beliefs, values, behaviors, and symbols that have meaning for a society. -
A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Gbe Language Communities of Benin and Togo Gbe Language Family Overview
DigitalResources Electronic Survey Report 2011-012 ® A sociolinguistic survey of the Gbe language communities of Benin and Togo Gbe language family overview Angela Kluge A sociolinguistic survey of the Gbe language communities of Benin and Togo Gbe language family overview Angela Kluge SIL International® 2011 SIL Electronic Survey Report 2011-012, March 2011 Copyright © 2011 Angela Kluge and SIL International® All rights reserved Contents Abstract 1. Introduction 2. Classification and clustering of Gbe 3. Classification of Gbe: Problems with the dialect-language dichotomy 4. Classification of Gbe as a macrolanguage with member languages 5. Classification of Gbe outside the dialect-language dichotomy 6. Sociolinguistic literature extensibility study of the Gbe language continuum 7. Summary References 2 Abstract This paper presents a tentative classification of the Gbe language varieties (Kwa language family), spoken in the southeastern part of West Africa. Given the chaining pattern of the Gbe cluster, this paper also discusses whether the individual Gbe speech varieties should be considered and classified as dialects of one larger language, or as closely related but distinct languages, or as member languages of a Gbe macrolanguage. To date no satisfying solution is available. Further, this paper serves as an introduction to the 10-volume series “A sociolinguistic survey of the Gbe language communities of Benin and Togo,” represented in a series of reports published in SIL Electronic Survey Reports: Kpési (Durieux-Boon et al. 2010), Ayizo (Hatfield and McHenry 2010), Kotafon (Hatfield et al. 2010), Xwela (Henson et al. 2010), Xwla (Henson and Kluge 2010), Ci (Henson 2010), Defi (Johnson 2010), Saxwe, Daxe, and Se (Johnson 2010), Tofin (Schoch 2010), and Gbesi (Schoch 2010). -
Decomposing Gender and Ethnic Earnings Gaps in Seven West African Cities
Decomposing Gender and Ethnic Earnings Gaps in Seven West African Cities Christophe J. Nordman Anne-Sophie Robilliard François Roubaud DIAL, IRD, Paris DIAL, IRD, Dakar DIAL, IRD, Hanoi IZA/World Bank Conference “Employment & Development” 4-5 May 2009, Bonn 1 1. Motivation • Manifest shortcomings of studies on African countries, particularly due to the shortage of available data (Bennell, 1996). • Gender and ethnic inequality likely to be greater when markets do not function efficiently and the states lack resources for introducing corrective policies. • Understanding the roots of inequalities between the sexes and ethnic groups and reducing the gender and ethnic gap => poverty reduction policies in these countries (+MDG3 on gender). • In the case of Africa, not much known about inequalities in labour market outcomes: Weichselbaumer and Winter-Ebmer (2005) : only 3 percent of the studies on gender wage gap stem from African data out of all the empirical literature since the 1960s. 2 • Gender gaps : existing literature indicates that there is a wide consensus on the presence of important inequalities between men and women, both for salaried and self-employed workers. • Lots of attention on the question of the impact of ethnolinguistic fractionalization on development Easterly and Levine (1997) conclude that “Africa’s growth tragedy” is in part related to its high level of ethnic diversity, resulting in poor institutional functioning. • Ethnic wage gap : much scarcer literature In Ghana, Barr and Oduro (2000) find that a significant proportion of earnings differentials between ethnic groups can be explained by standard observed workers’ characteristics. 3 2. Data, Concepts and Methodology Data • Original series of urban household surveys in West Africa, the 1-2-3 Surveys conducted in seven major WAEMU cities (Abidjan, Bamako, Cotonou, Dakar, Lome, Niamey and Ouagadougou) from 2001 to 2002. -
Historical Linguistic Approaches to Haitian
Historical linguistic approaches to Haitian Creole Vodou Rites, spirit names and songs: the founders’ contributions to Asogwe Vodou Benjamin Hebblethwaite University of Florida 1. Introduction The captive Africans transported across the Atlantic migrated with African religious traditions that they firmly established in the colony of Saint-Domingue (1697-1803) and in independent Haiti (1804). The devotees of these religious traditions are grounded in a belief in one God, Bondye, and they serve intercessor spirits that exist in a cultural system with rich mythological, historical, familial and ritual underpinnings. African spirit-systems, ritual knowledge, and organizational structures migrated with the African captives to Saint-Domingue, evolved in the colony, and persist into the present day. In this chapter I explore Haitian Creole Vodou Rites, spirit names, and songs by means of a historical linguistic approach that is rooted in etymological research. That work in lexicology informs a historical linguistic theory that aims to explain the form displayed in the tradition of Asogwe Vodou. Vodou’s Rites and the sacred songs that are sung in the course of their services are in Haitian Creole but they contain many lexical items that stem from West African languages like Fon, Yoruba, Ewe, and Igbo, in addition to West Central African languages like Kikongo and Kituba. African lexical items in Haitian Vodou form a significant part of the religion’s lexicon. The identification of the African lexical sources of the religion reveals the exact origins of Vodou traditions, sheds light on the history of the French slave trade, and provides clues about the way in which Vodou took form in colonial Saint-Domingue and independent Haiti. -
Historical Linguistic Dimensions of Spirit Migration in Haitian Vodou Benjamin Hebblethwaite, [email protected]
Historical Linguistic Dimensions of Spirit Migration in Haitian Vodou Benjamin Hebblethwaite, [email protected] Sponsored by: • UF’s Department of Languages, Literatures and Cultures • The Bavarian Funding Programme for the Initiation of International Projects (BayIntAn) Basic facts about the organization of Vodou • Oungan/Manbo Makout - Family and extended family traditions throughout Haiti. • Vodou Lakou/Sèvitè - Family and public traditions that hew to a single Rite (Gonaives & L’Artibonite Department). - Dahomen (Lakou Souvnans) - Kongo (Lakou Soukri Danach) - Nago (Lakou Nan Badjo) - Banda (Lakou Dewonvil) - Bizango (L’Artibonite Department) • Members of Vodou Lakou communities generally attend services in several of the communities of the region. • Vodou Asogwe/Kanzo - There are also public traditions that syncretize multiple Rites. • The southern city of Leyogann is known for its Asogwe/Kanzo Vodou temples. Candidates to the priesthood travel from various parts of Haiti to Leyogann for initiation (Oungan Michelet Alisma). • Vodou Asogwe is my focus because it contains multiple African Rites (Beauvoir 2008 & 2008). Vodou Lakou (‘Yard Vodou’); North Asogwe Vodou; West Courtesy of Google Historical traces of populations captured and sold into slavery and their religion: Saint-Méry (1797) • African populations listed by Saint-Méry: Sénégalais (26), Yoloffes [Wolof?] (27), Poules/Poulards, Bambaras, Quiambas, Mandingues, Bissagos, Sosos, Aradas, Caplaou (29) [Cap Laho, east of Ivory Coast], Mines [Gold Coast], Agouas, Socos, Fantins, Cotocolis, -
The Sacred in Cuba, Haiti, Brazil and Benin Republic: Aspects of a Linguistic and Cultural Dialogue
Studia Religiologica 51 (3) 2018, s. 179–193 doi:10.4467/20844077SR.18.013.10097 www.ejournals.eu/Studia-Religiologica The Sacred in Cuba, Haiti, Brazil and Benin Republic: Aspects of a Linguistic and Cultural Dialogue Hippolyte Brice Sogbossi http://orcid.org/0000–0003–3047–244X Departamento de Ciências Sociais e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Universidade Federal de Sergipe [email protected] Abstract The so-called Transatlantic Traffic imposed new linguistical and cultural configurations on the three continents involved in this tragedy: Africa, America and Europe. Such configurations acquire a complex of dynamics that, nowadays, we speak of flux and reflux of traffic, because of the in- tense and broad cultural and social exchange between these continents. Religion is one of the main or fundamental elements that is diluted in the cultural exchanges between Africa and America, especially those of the so called Sudanese nations, which receive various denominations: Santeria, Vodun, and Candomblé, among others. I will deal with the presentation of the jeje-nagô pattern in order to promote a dialogue, taking in account manifestation in Cuba, Haiti, Brazil and Benin. I will choose, describe and analyse from a comparative perspective a sample of songs and ritual lexicon (including terms of kinship) of Dahomean and Ewé-Fon origin in Arará Santeria, Vodun in Haiti, and Mina-Jeje Candomblé in Brazil in one part of the study, and in the other part, with the Vodun of Benin. This experience will undoubtedly shed light on the diversity and richness of meanings attributed from cultural and social relations in religious spaces and in society as a whole. -
Nasal Vowel Patterns in West Africa” 1 [email protected]
UC Berkeley Phonology Lab Annual Report (2013) Nicholas Rolle UC Berkeley 1 “Nasal vowel patterns in West Africa” [email protected] 1. INTRODUCTION Nasal vowels are a common feature of West African phonologies, and have received a significant amount of attention concerning their (suprasegmental) representation, their interaction with nasal consonants, and their phonetic realization. Numerous authors have presented surveys of varying degrees of (targeted) depth which address the distribution of contrastive nasal vowels in (West) Africa, including Hyman (1972), Williamson (1973), Ruhlen (1978), Maddieson (1984, 2007), Clements (2000), Clements & Rialland (2006), and Hajek (2011). Building on this literature, this present study provides a more extensive survey on contrastive nasal vowels in West Africa, and specifically studies the types of systematic gaps found. For example, the language Togo-Remnant language Bowili has a 7 oral vowel inventory canonical of West Africa /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/, as well as a full set of nasal counterparts /ĩ ẽ ɛ ̃ ã ɔ̃ õ ũ/ (Williamson 1973). In contrast, the Gur language Bariba has the same 7 oral vowel inventory, though a more limited nasal set /ĩ ɛ ̃ ã ɔ̃ ũ/, missing mid-high vowels */ẽ õ/ (Hyman 1972:201). Using this as a starting point, this paper addresses the following questions: . What are the recurring patterns one finds in West African nasal vowel systems and inventories? o What restrictions are there on mid vowels in the nasal inventory? . In which families/areal zones do we find these patterns? . To which factors can we attribute these patterns? o Genetic – Vertical inheritance o Areal – Horizontal spread o Universal Phonetic – Parallel Developments . -
Arxiv:2103.07762V2 [Cs.CL] 16 Mar 2021 ( Okwugb Introduction 1 Okwugb Ugs N Infissuyn,Adintegrating and Studying, Signifies and Guages, Okwu Hs Uhr Otiue Qal Oti Work
OkwuGbé: End-to-End Speech Recognition for Fon and Igbo Bonaventure F. P. Dossou∗ Chris C. Emezue∗ Jacobs University Bremen Technical University of Munich [email protected] [email protected] Abstract automatic speech recognition to several African Language is inherent and compulsory for hu- languages in an effort to unify them. African man communication. Whether expressed in a languages in the past decade received very lit- written or spoken way, it ensures understand- tle to no research in natural language processing ing between people of the same and different (NLP) (Joshi et al., 2020a; Andrew Caines, 2019), regions. With the growing awareness and ef- prompting recent efforts geared towards improv- fort to include more low-resourced languages ing the state of African languages in NLP (∀ et al., in NLP research, African languages have re- 2020b; Abbott and Martinus, 2018; Siminyu et al., cently been a major subject of research in machine translation, and other text-based ar- 2020; ∀ et al., 2020a). However, there are few eas of NLP. However, there is still very little works being done on speech for these African lan- comparable research in speech recognition for guages, as more emphasis is being placed on their African languages. Interestingly, some of the text. Due to the largely acoustic nature of African unique properties of African languages affect- languages (mostly tonal, diacritical, etc), a careful ing NLP, like their diacritical and tonal com- speech analysis of African languages could pro- plexities, have a major root in their speech, vide better insight for text-based NLP involving suggesting that careful speech interpretation African languages, as well as supplement the tex- could provide more intuition on how to deal with the linguistic complexities of African lan- tual data needed for machine translation or lan- guages for text-based NLP.