Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology
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*-i-S3 Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology series Vol 31 1979 British Museum (Natural History) London 1979 Dates of publication of the parts 29 March 1979 No j 29 March 1979 No 2 No3 26 April 1979 No4 31 May 1979 ISSN 0007-1471 Press, Dorchester, Dorset Printed in Great Britain by Henry Ling Ltd, at the Dorset Contents Geology Volume 31 Page No 1 Foraminifera of the Togopi Formation, eastern Sabah, Malaysia. J. E. Whittaker & R. L. Hodgkinson 1 No 2 Cretaceous faunas from Zululand and Natal, South Africa. The ammonite family Gaudryceratidae. W. J. Kennedy & H. C. Klinger 121 No 3 Benthic community organization in the Ludlow Series of the Welsh Borderland. R. Watkins 175 No 4 The ammonites of the English Chalk Rock (Upper Turonian). C. W. Wright 281 _> |o v" - \^ Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Foraminifera of the Togopi Formation, eastern Sabah, Malaysia J. E. Whittaker & R. L. Hodgkinson Geology series Vol 31 No 1 29 March 1979 is issued in four The Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), instituted in 1949, Mineralogy) and Zoology, and scientific series, Botany, Entomology, Geology (incorporating an Historical series. will contain about Parts are published at irregular intervals as they become ready. Volumes calendar year. three hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed within one Subscription orders and enquiries about back issues should be sent to: Publications Sales, England. British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, World List abbreviation: Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Geol.) Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), 1979 ISSN 0007-1471 Geology series Vol 31 No 1 pp 1-120 British Museum (Natural History) Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD Issued 29 March 1979 Foraminifera of the Togopi Formation, eastern Sabah, Malaysia J. E. Whittaker and R. L. Hodgkinson Department of Palaeontology, British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD Contents Synopsis 3 Introduction ............ 3 Acknowledgements ........... 4 Methods ............. 4 Biostratigraphy ............ 5 Stratigraphy of the Dent Group 5 Sebahat Formation .......... 5 Ganduman Formation .......... 5 Togopi Formation ........... 5 Distribution and palaeoecology of the Togopi Foraminifera .... 8 Age of the Togopi Formation ......... 9 Planktonic foraminifera .......... 9 Benthic foraminifera .......... 9 Systematics ............. 14 Family Ataxophragmiidae Schwager ........ 15 Textilina Norvang ........... 15 Clavulina d'Orbigny .......... 16 Family Nubeculariidae Jones ......... 16 Edentostomina Collins .......... 16 Spiroloculina d'Orbigny .......... 17 Vertebralina d'Orbigny .......... 19 Family Miliolidae Ehrenberg ......... 20 Quinqueloculina d'Orbigny ......... 20 Pseudomassilina Lacroix .......... 31 Pyrgo Defrance ........... 33 Triloculina d'Orbigny .......... 34 Miliolinella Wiesner .......... 37 Hauerina d'Orbigny in de la Sagra ........ 37 Schlumbergerina Munier-Chalmas ........ 40 Family Soritidae Ehrenberg 41 Peneroplis de Montfort .......... 41 Dendritina d'Orbigny .......... 41 Marginopora de Blainville ......... 42 Family Alveolinidae Ehrenberg 42 Alveolinella Douville .......... 42 Family Nodosariidae Ehrenberg 43 Lagena Walker & Jacob in Kanmacher 43 Pseudonodosaria Boomgaart ......... 48 Family Polymorphinidae d'Orbigny 49 Guttulina d'Orbigny .......... 49 Sigmoidella Cushman & Ozawa ........ 50 Family Glandulinidae Reuss 51 Glandulina d'Orbigny in de la Sagra ........ 51 Oolina d'Orbigny ........... 52 Fissurina Reuss ........... 52 Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Geol.) 31 (1): 1-120 Issued 29 March, 1979 J. E. WHITTAKER & R. L. HODGKINSON Family Bolivinitidae Cushman 54 Bolivina d'Orbigny 54 Brizalina Costa ........... 55 Rectobolivina Cushman 56 Family Buliminidae Jones .......... 57 Pavonina d'Orbigny 57 Chrysalidinella Schubert 57 Reussella Galloway 58 Family Uvigerinidae Haeckel ......... 58 Siphogenerina Schlumberger in Milne-Edwards 58 Siphouvigerina Parr 58 Family Discorbidae Ehrenberg 59 Discorbis Lamarck 59 Gavelinopsis Hofker .......... 59 Rosalina d'Orbigny 59 Cancris de Montfort .......... 62 Family Glabratellidae Loeblich & Tappan 63 Schackoinella Weinhandl 63 Family Siphoninidae Cushman 64 Siphoninoides Cushman .......... 64 Family Epistomariidae Hofker ......... 64 Epistomaroides Uchio .......... 64 Pseudoeponides Uchio in Kawai et al. ...... 65 Family Rotaliidae Ehrenberg ......... 66 Ammonia Brunnich .......... 66 Asterorotalia Hofker .......... 72 Pararotalia Le Calvez 76 Pseudorotalia Reiss & Merling ......... 78 Family Calcarinidae Schwager ......... 81 Calcarina d'Orbigny .......... 81 Family Elphidiidae Galloway 81 Elphidium de Montfort . 81 Cellanthus de Montfort 82 Cribroelphidium Cushman & Bronnimann ....... 85 Cribrononion Thalmann .......... 86 Elphidiella Cushman .......... 87 Parrellina Thalmann 88 Family Nummulitidae de Blainville ........ 88 Nummulites Lamarck . 88 Operculina d'Orbigny 89 Heterostegina d'Orbigny .......... 95 Family Hantkeninidae Cushman 95 Hastigerina Thomson in Murray 95 Family Globigerinidae Carpenter, Parker & Jones 96 Globigerina d'Orbigny 96 Globigerinoides Cushman ......... 98 Globigerinita Bronnimann ......... 98 Family Eponididae Hofker 99 Poroeponides Cushman .......... 99 Family Amphisteginidae Cushman 100 Amphistegina d'Orbigny . .100 Family Cibicididae Cushman ......... 100 Caribeanella Bermudez 100 Family Planorbulinidae Schwager ........ 101 Planorbulinella Cushman 101 Family Acervulinidae Schultze ......... 102 Gypsina Carter ........... 102 Family Cymbaloporidae Cushman 102 Cymbaloporetta Cushman . 102 FORAMINIFERA OF THE TOGOPI FORMATION Family Nonionidae Schultze 104 Florilus de Montfort 104 Family Anomalinidae Cushman 105 Anomalinoides Brotzen 105 Hanzawaia Asano . 106 Postscript . 106 References . 107 Index 116 Synopsis One hundred and twenty-five species are described and figured from a section in the upper Togopi River, type-locality of the Togopi Formation, eastern Sabah, Malaysia. Eighty-six per cent of the fauna is living today in the area. The following seven species and one variety are new: Ammonia togopiensis, Bolivina sabahensis, Cellanthus biperforatus, C. hailei, Chbroelphidium dentense, Peneroplis planatus var. annulata, Pseudomassilina medioelata and Textilina subrectangularis. Florilus asanoi is proposed as a new name for Nonion japonicum Asano, 1938. The age of the Togopi Formation is reassessed on the basis of benthic foraminifera and is considered to be mainly of Pliocene age. Introduction The Togopi Formation, the uppermost sequence of mainly marine clays making up the Dent Group, is named after the Togopi River, eastern Sabah, Malaysia. The name was first published by Reinhard & Wenk (1951) but it had previously been used in a Sabah Shell Petroleum Company's (SSPC) internal report as early as 1938. Dr E. Wenk himself made the first collection of fossils (Mollusca) in 1937, some of which were described by Cox (1948). A further collection of macro- fossils was made by P. Collenette in 1950, the Mollusca being listed by Nuttall (1960). Cox dated Wenk's material, which was dominated by gastropods, as Pliocene or possibly U. Miocene, while Nuttall considered Collenette's samples to be almost certainly Pleistocene. The former collection came from the Togopi River, but there is some confusion as to the exact provenance of Collenette's (Nuttall 1965). In 1961 Dr N. S. Haile collected 18 samples from the type area for the Togopi Formation from its supposed boundary with the underlying Ganduman Formation to where it disappears under the coastal alluvia (for details see Haile & Wong 1965). From these Nuttall (1965) listed almost 200 species of Mollusca and after a detailed examination of the fauna assigned a Plio-Pleistocene age, equivalent to the Bantamian-Sondian stages of Java, to the Togopi Formation. Haile & Wong (1965 : 83) list identifications of teleostan otoliths by F. Stinton (Stinton 1963) and echino- derms by R. P. S. Jefferies together with a small foraminiferal fauna, identified by SSPC palaeon- tologists. The foraminifera came from samples collected by Wenk and Parsons between 4 and 13 km west and north-west of Dent Haven, but only a few genera and species were recognized. Eleven of Haile's original samples were available for micropalaeontological examination, and in view of the richness of the fauna (125 species) it was decided to describe it fully and to attempt an age determination using the smaller benthic foraminifera. Planktonic foraminifera are un- fortunately few in the Togopi Formation. Since 86% of the fauna still lives in the Indo-Pacific today it has also been possible to correct some common misidentifications of Recent species by referring back to the original collections of Brady, Parker & Jones, Carpenter, Williamson and Heron-Allen & Earland which are preserved in the BM(NH). A number of benthic species are now thought to be extinct and these are listed as of possible biostratigraphic use in the future. Four samples from the small Wenk and Collenette collections have been examined for foramini- fera but yielded no additional species. They are not dealt with any further in this paper. The stratigraphy of the Dent Group is first discussed. The ages of the Sebahat and Ganduman Formations given by Haile & Wong (1965) are revised and the foraminiferal faunas reinterpreted in the light of recent advances in Tertiary biostratigraphy. A description of the Togopi strati- graphy and the material from the type-area which forms the basis of this work