Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

E877 Volume 2 Public Disclosure Authorized

Hunan Urban Development Project

Consolidated Environmental Assessment Public Disclosure Authorized

February 2004 Public Disclosure Authorized

Mott MacDonald

Public Disclosure Authorized Demeter House Station Road &Am 0

Cambridge CB1 2RS u Tel 01223 463500 |O E ? Fax 01223 461007

Coiisolidated Environmen[al Assessment DRAFT 03/3/Febnjarv 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commnission

Hunan Urban Development Project

Consolidated Environmental Assessment

Issue and Revision Record Rev Date Originator Checker Approver Description (Print) (Print) (Print) (Signature) (Signature) (Signature) CAP JFS

B February 2004 Second Issue (Draft)

Consolidated Environmental Assessment DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1-1

1.1 Hunan Urban Development Project (HUDP) Background ...... 1-1 1.1.1 Flooding Problems in the TThree Cities ...... 1-2 1.1.2 Surface Water Pollution in Hunan Province ...... 1-3 1.1.3 Pollution Control Action Plan of Hunan Provincial Government ...... 1-3 1.1.4 Relationship of HUDP and Tenth Five-Year Plan Objectives ...... 1-8 1.1.5 EA Production ...... 1-8

1.2 Description of the Study Area ...... 1-9 1.2.1 Economy of Hunan Province ...... 1-9 1.2.2 Regional Water Resources ...... 1-10 1.2.3 Water Resources of Project Cities ...... 1-10 1.2.4 Domestic Water Supplies and Utilisation ...... 1-11 1.2.5 Sewerage Systems ...... 1-12 1.2.6 Solid Waste Disposal ...... 1-13 1.2.7 Flood Prevention ...... 1-14 1.2.8 Energy Structure ...... 1-15

1.3 Policy, Legal and Admninistrative Framework ...... 1-16 1.3.1 Laws and Regulations ...... 1-16 1.3.2 Project Documents ...... 1-17 1.3.3 EIA Category ...... 1-18 1.3.4 EIA Scope ...... 1-18 1.3.5 EIA Standards ...... 1-19

1.4 Sensitive Points and Protection Targets ...... 1-22

1.5 The Need for the Project ...... 1-25 1.5.1 Necessity of PC I ...... 1-25 1.5.2 Necessity of PC2 ...... 1-25 1.5.3 Necessity of PC3 ...... 1-26 1.5.4 Necessity of PC4 ...... 1-26 1.5.5 Necessity of PC6 ...... 1-27

1.6 Assessment Objectives, Criteria, Parameters ...... 1-27

1.7 World Bank EA Preparation Requirements ...... 1-28

1.8 EA Participants...... 1-29

1.9 EA Organisation ...... 1-29

2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT ...... 2-1

2.1 HUDP Project Components ...... 2-1 2.1.1 Component Summary ...... 2-1 2.1.2 Functional Planning of CZT Corridor ...... 2-1 2.1.3 Related Projects ...... 2-2

2.2 Project Development ...... 2-3 2.2.1 World Bank Water Resources Principles ...... 2-3 2.2.2 Final Component Selection and EA Categorisation ...... 2-4 2.2.3 Role of the HUJDP Project in Achieving Provincial Objectives ...... 2-4

Consolidated Environmental Assessment DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

2.3 Details of HunanHUD C P omponenProjectst ...... 2-5 2.3.1 PC 1, Corridor Component ...... 2-5 2.3.2 PC2, Wastewater Component ...... 2-10 2.3.3 PC3, Clean Coal Component ...... 2-17 2.3.4 PC4, CZT Logistics Centre Component ...... 2-18 2.3.5 PC 6, Zhaoshan Scenic Area Component ...... 2-19 2.3.6 Technical Assistance ...... 2-21

2.4 Finance and Economics of Proposed Projects ...... 2-22 2.4.1 General ...... 2-22 2.4.2 Capital Costs ...... 2-22 2.4.3 Operating Costs ...... 2-22 2.4.4 Cost Estimate Summary ...... 2-22 2.4.5 Financial and Economic Analyses ...... 2-24 2.4.6 Implementation Programme ...... 2-25 2.4.7 Institutional Issues ...... 2-26

3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT .3-1

3.1 Physical Environment ...... 3-1 3.1.1 Geographical Location ...... 3-1 3.1.2 Geology/Soils and Topography ...... 3-1 3.1.3 Climate and Meteorology ...... 3-2 3.1.4 Air Quality ...... 3-4 3.1.5 Noise ...... 3-7 3.1.6 Surface and Groundwater Hydrology ...... 3-9 3.1.7 Regional Water Pollutant Sources ...... 3-13

3.2 Biological Environment ...... 3-14 3.2.1 Flora ...... 3-15 3.2.2 Fauna ...... 3- 15 3.2.3 Mineral Resources ...... 3-16 3.2.4 Scenic Resources ...... 3-16 3.2.5 Special Issues ...... 3-16

3.3 Socio-cultural Environment ...... 3-16 3.3.1 Hunan Province ...... 3-16 3.3.2 Changsha ...... 3-17 3.3. 3 ...... 3-17 3.3.4 Zhaoshan ...... 3-18 3.3.5 Zhuzhou ...... 3-18

3.4 Areas of Special Designation ...... 3-18 3.4.1 Endangered Flora and Fauna ...... 3-18 3.4.2 Historic and Cultural Sites ...... 3-19 3.4.3 Parklands or Other Special Sites ...... 3-19 3.4.4 Watershed Protection Zones ...... 3-19

4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND PROBLEMS .4-1

4.1 Water and Environmental Institutional Arrangements ...... 4-1 4.1.1 The National Level ...... 4-1 4.1.2 The Provincial Level ...... 4-3 4.1.3 The City and County Level ...... 4-3

4.2 Attainment of Goals, Standards, Regulations ...... 4-3 4.2.1 Flood Protection and Drainage Standards ...... 4-4 4.2.2 Road Standards ...... 4-5 4.2.3 Surface Water Quality ...... 4-6

Consolidated Environmental Assessment DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

4.2.4 Water Supplies, Treatment and Distribution ...... 4-8 4.2.5 Wastewater Collection and Septic Tanks ...... 4-8 4.2.6 Wastewater Discharges - Domestic Sewage ...... 4-9 4.2.7 Wastewater Discharges - Industrial Pollution ...... 4-12 4.2.8 Sludge Disposal for Septic Ta nksand WWTP ...... 4-12 4.2.9 Solid Waste Collection and Disposal ...... 4-13 4.2.10 PC2 Water Quality Improvements ...... 4-13 4.2.11 PC3 Air Emission Control ...... 4-13 4.2.12 Policy Attainability Due to HUDP Components ...... 4-14 4.2.13 Summary ...... 4-17

5 DETERMINATION OF THE POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT . 5-1

5.1 Typical Impacts of Flood Control Projects ...... 5-2 5.1.1 Positive Impacts ...... 5-2 5.1.2 Negative Impacts ...... 5-3

5.2 Typical Impacts of Road Construction Projects ...... 5-3 5.2.1 Positive Impacts ...... 5-3 5.2.2 Negative Impacts ...... 5-3

5.3 Typical Impacts of Water Pollution Control Projects ...... 5-4 5.3.1 Positive Impacts ...... 5-4 5.3.2 Negative Impacts ...... 5-5

5.4 Positive Impacts of the Specific HUDP Components ...... 5-5 5.4.1 PC I, Corridor Component ...... 5-5 5.4.2 PC2, Changsha Wastewater Component ...... 5-9 5.4.3 PC3, Zhuzhou Clean Coal Component ...... 5-10 5.4.4 PC4, CZT Logistics Centre Component ...... 5-13 5.4.5 PC6, Zhaoshan Scenic Area Component ...... 5-13 5.4.6 Summary of Project Positive Impacts ...... 5-14

5.5 Potential Short Term Construction Impacts ...... 5-14 5.5.1 Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) ...... 5-15 5.5.2 Quarry/Spoil ...... 5-16 5.5.3 Noise ...... 5-18 5.5.4 Dust ...... 5-20 5.5.5 Transportation ...... 5-21 5.5.6 Safety Issues ...... 5-22 5.5.7 Sensitive Sites and Public Facilities ...... 5-22 5.5.8 Wastewaters ...... 5-22 5.5.9 Ecological Impact Analyses ...... 5-23 5.5.10 Summary of Potential Construction Phase Impacts ...... 5-25

5.6 Potential Operational Phase Impacts ...... 5-25 5.6.1 Flooded Areas ...... 5-25 5.6.2 Road Operations ...... 5-26 5.6.3 Tourist Operations ...... 5-26 5.6.4 General Water Environment ...... 5-26 5.6.5 Sewage Overflows (Collection, Pump Stations, WWTP) ...... 5-31 5.6.6 Industrial Waste Upsets ...... 5-32 5.6.7 Ecological Environment ...... 5-32 5.6.8 Air Quality Impacts ...... 5-33 5.6.9 Noise ...... 5-37 5.6.10 Odours ...... 5-39 5.6.11 Effluent Water Quality Impact ...... 5-41 5.6.12 Solid Waste and Sludge Treatment And Disposal ...... 5-43 5.6.13 WWTP O&M Problems ...... 5-44

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5.6.14 WWTP Organic Loading and Standards ...... 5-44 5.6.15 Summary of Potential Operational Phase Impacts ...... 5-45

5.7 Potential Project Risks ...... 5-45 5.7.1 Risks of PC I CorridComponent or ...... 5-46 5.7.2 Risks of PC2 ...... 5-46 5.7.3 Risks of PC3 ...... 5-49 5.7.4 Risks of PC4 ...... 5-49 5.7.5 Risks of PC6 ...... 5-49 5.7.6 Summary of Project Risks ...... 5-51

5.8 Secondary and Cumulative HUDP Impacts ...... 5-51

6 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT .6-1

6.1 Introduction...... 6-1

6.2 PCI Flood Embankment and Roadway Options ...... 6-1 6.2.1 No Project Options ...... 6-1 6.2.2 Flood Embankment Options ...... 6-2 6.2.3 Scenic Road Options ...... 6-5

6.3 Alternatives Reviewed in PC2 Project Development ...... 6-12 6.3.1 No Project Alternatives ...... 6-12 6.3.2 Interception Ratio ...... 6-12 6.3.3 Pipe Materials ...... 6-13 6.3.4 Collection System, Pump Stations and Pressure Mains ...... 6-14 6.3.5 Number of WWTPs ...... 6-15 6.3.6 WWTP Site Selection ...... 6-16 6.3.7 Wastewater Flows and Capacity of the WWTP ...... 6-17 6.3.8 The Quality of Wastewater to be Treated ...... 6-17 6.3.9 The Use of Septic Tanks ...... 6-18 6.3.10 Treated Effluent Standards ...... 6-19 6.3.11 The Degree of Treatment ...... 6-19 6.3.12 Wastewater Treatment Options ...... 6-20 6.3.13 WWTP Sludge Disposal ...... 6-21

6.4 PC3 Clean Coal Options ...... 6-23 6.4.1 No Project Options ...... 6-23 6.4.2 Project Sites for PC3 ...... 6-23

6.5 PC4 Logistics Centre Options ...... 6-24 6.5.1 PC4 Project Location ...... 6-24 6.5.2 Wastewater Treatment Options ...... 6-24

6.6 PC6 Zhaoshan Scenic Area Options ...... 6-25 6.6.1 Roads and Features ...... 6-25

6.7 Summary and Conclusions ...... 6-25

7 MITIGATION AND MONITORING MANAGEMENT PLANS .7-1

7.1 Mitigation and Monitoring of the Implementation of Mitigation ...... 7-1 7.1.1 Construction Phase ...... 7-2 7.1.2 Operation Phase ...... 7-12

7.2 HEPRI Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 7-18

7.3 Institutional Responsibilities ...... 7-18

Consolidated Environmental Assessment DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

7.3.1 Management Institutions: Project Management Office System ...... 7-19 7.3.2 Supervision Institutions ...... 7-19 7.3.3 Executive Institutions ...... 7-20

7.4 Equipment and Training Requirements ...... 7-20

7.5 Impacts and Costs of Plan ...... 7-20

7.6 Long-term Monitoring of the Performance of HiUDP ...... 7-21 7.6.1 Performance Indicators ...... 7-21 7.6.2 Annual Environmental Quality Report ...... 7-21 7.6.3 Environmental Monitoring Reporting ...... 7-27 7.6.4 Access to Data ...... 7-28

8 PUBLIC PROCESS AND EA PUBLIC PARTICIPATION .8-1

8.1 Meetings with Public Officials in Developing Project and EA ...... 8-1

8.2 Consultation of Public Officials and Citizens in Project Area ...... 8-2 8.2.1 Objectives ...... 8-2 8.2.2 PCI ...... 8-2 8.2.3 PC2 ...... 8-3 8.2.4 PC3 ...... 8-4 8.2.5 PC4 ...... 8-6 8.2.6 PC6 ...... 8-7 8.2.7 RAP Public Participation ...... 8-8 8.2.8 Summary of Investigation and Analysis of Pubic Consensus ...... 8-10

8.3 EA Public Disclosure ...... 8-17 8.3.1 Outline of Program ...... 8-17 8.3.2 Results of Public Disclosure ...... 8-18

8.4 Summary of Public Input ...... 8-18

9 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ...... 9-1

9.1 Project Summary ...... 9-1

9.2 General Conclusions ...... 9-1

9.3 Related Projects ...... 9-2

9.4 Positive Impacts ...... 9-2 9.4.1 PC I Corridor Component ...... 9-2 9.4.2 PC2 Changsha WWTP Component ...... 9-3 9.4.3 PC3 Clean Coal Component ...... 9-4 9.4.4 PC4 Logistics Centre Component ...... 9-4 9.4.5 PC6 Zhaoshan Scenic Area Component ...... 9-5 9.4.6 Additional Potential Benefits ...... 9-5

9.5 Potential Construction Phase Negative Impacts and Mitigations ...... 9-5 9.5.1 Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) ...... 9-5 9.5.2 Quarry/Spoil ...... 9-6 9.5.3 Channel Silt ...... 9-7 9.5.4 Noise ...... 9-7 9.5.5 Dust ...... 9-8 9.5.6 Transportation ...... : 9-9 9.5.7 Safety Issues ...... 9-9 9.5.8 Sensitive Sites and Public Facilities ...... 9-10

Consolidated Environmental Assessment DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

9.5.9 Wastewaters ...... 9-10 9.5.10 Ecological Impact Analyses ...... 9-11

9.6 Potential Operation Phase Negative Impacts and Mitigations ...... 9-13 9.6.1 Flooded Areas ...... 9-13 9.6.2 Road Operations ...... 9-13 9.6.3 Tourist Operations ...... 9-13 9.6.4 General Water Environment ...... 9-13 9.6.5 Sewage Overflows (Collection, Pump Stations, WWTP) ...... 9-14 9.6.6 Industrial Waste Upsets ...... 9-15 9.6.7 Ecological Environment ...... 9-15 9.6.8 Air Quality Impacts ...... 9-16 9.6.9 Noise ...... 9-18 9.6.10 Odours ...... 9-19 9.6.11 Effluent Water Quality Impact ...... 9-20 9.6.12 Solid Waste and Sludge Treatment And Disposal ...... 9-21 9.6.13 O&M Problems ...... 9-22 9.6.14 Organic Loading and Standards ...... 9-22

9.7 Potential Project Risks ...... 9-23

9.8 Secondary and Cumulative HUDP Impacts ...... 9-23

9.9 Alternatives ...... 9-24 9.9.1 PC 1 Flood Embankment and Roadway Options ...... 9-24 9.9.2 PC2 Options ...... 9-25 9.9.3 PC3 Options ...... 9-26 9.9.4 PC4 Options ...... 9-26 9.9.5 PC6 Options ...... 9-26

9.10 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan ...... 9-26

9.11 Public Process ...... 9-27 9.11.1 Public Participation ...... 9-27 9.11.2 Public Disclosure ...... 9-27

9.12 Conclusions and Recommendations ...... 9-28

Consolidated Environmental Assessment DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Abbreviations and Acronyms

ATP Ability to pay AEQR Annual Environmental Quality Report BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demanid CB Coal briquette CDAO C/ian gsha DrainageAdministration Office CEDI Changsha Munlicipal Engineering Design Institute CHP Cultural heritage plan CMDC Chiangsha Municipal Drainage Company COD Chemical oxygen demand CPUB Changsha Public Utilities Bureau CSO Combined sewer overflow CZT Cliangsha - Zhuzhou Xiangtan CTZ EIO Changsha-Xiangtan-Zhuzhou Economic Integration Office CZTILC CZT InternationalLogistics Co Ltd CUDIC Changsha Urban Development Investnent Co., Ltd CWM Coal water mixture CMG Changsha Municipal Government DO Dissolved oxygen DRA Design, review & advisory consultant DWF Dry weatherflow (sewage) DG Domnestic garbage EA Environment assessment EIA Environment impact assessment EIO Ecological Integrated Office EIRR Economic internal rate of return EMP Environmental management plan ENFI ENFI Central Engineering & Research Institute for Non- ferrous MetallurgicalIndustries EEB Ecologic and economic belt FEF Front-endfee FIRR Financialinternal rate of return FSR Feasibilitvstudy report HIECC Hunan InternationalEngineering Consulting Company HPPDC Hunan Provincial Planning and Development Commission HUDP Hunan Urban Development Project HZCCC Hunan Zhuxi Clean Coal Co Ltd HEPB Hunan En vironimental Protection Bureau HEPRI Hunan Environmnental Protection Research Institute HUEIAC En vironmental Impact Assessment Centre of Hunan University lAs Implementing agencies ICB Internzational competitive bidding IDC Interest during construction IDP Institutional development plan IDS Interest during construction INS International or banational shopping IST Institutional strengthening and training LAR Land acquisition and resettlement

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 03/B/February 2004 DRAFI Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

LC Leading consultanzt LG Leading group MOC Ministry' of Conistrluction MOF Ministry of Finance mu Chinese mu ( Ilhectare equals 15 mnu) NCB National competitive bidding NCEDRI North Municipal Engineering Design Researclh Institute NPV Net present value NPC National People 's Congress NDRC National Development and Reform Commission O & M Operation and maintenance OD Oxygen demand PAD Project AppraisalDocument (WB) PAP Project affected person PC Project cornponent PIP Project implementation plan PIU Project implementation unit PLG Project leading group PMO Project management office (Municipal level) PPMO Provincialsproject management office PPP Projectprocurement plan PRC People'sRepublic of China PS Pumping station PV Present value RAP Resettlement action plan RMB Chinese currency (Yuan) SDPC State Development and Planning Commission SEPA State Environment ProtectionAdministration SS Suspended solids SWDC Solid Waste Disposal Company TA Technical assistance TOR Terms of reference TP Total phosphorous TN Total Nitrogen VOc Vehicle operationcost TVIE Township and village industrialenterprise UDIC Urban Development Investment Company Ltd. UTU Undertaking Unit (si ye dan wei) WB World Bank (InternationalBank for Reconstruction and Development) Wsc Water Supply Company WTP Willingness to pay WW Wastewater WWTP Wastewater treatment plant ZTTDC Zhaoshan Tourism and Trade Development Corporation ZSA Zhaoshan Scenic Area

Consolidated Environmental Assessment DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Hunan Urban Development Project (HUDP) Background

Hunan Province has sought World Bank assistance for the Hunan Urban Development Project (HUDP). which will contribute to sustainable urban development in the Changsha-Xiangtan-Zhuzhou (CZT) region through selected investments to address priority needs, capacity building and institutional development. It is currently proposed that the loan application be presented to the Bank Board for approval in June 2004. The HUDP proposed the following priority investments:

* PCI - The Corridor Component, to improve flood control measures and develop recreational (scenic) roads on/along the embankment, in four selected sections of the three municipalities.

* PC2 - The Changsha Wastewater Component, to increase the percentage of sewage treated in the urban areas of the municipality, and to develop the Changsha Municipal Drainage Company (CMDC) into an autonomous public utility operating on commercial principles.

* PC3 - The Zhuzhou Clean Coal Component, to reduce air pollution through the production and sale of low sulphur coal and ensuring its use. * PC4 - The CTZ Logistics Centre Component, to better utilise Zhuzhou's locational advantages as a major transport hub and to create employment opportunities. * PC5 - Xiangtan No. 4 Bridge Component, to provide for a continued smooth flow of traffic across the Xiangjiang River in Xiangtan in the medium term. (The Xiangtan No.4 Bridge Component has been removedfrom the Project) * PC6 - Zhaoshan Scenic Area Component, to conserve and improve the surroundings of eight old temples and historic relics, old trees and plantations, and supporting infrastructure for visitors.

Institutional development and capacity building will complement the investment components through the provision of technical assistance. Capacity building and training for the CZT Economic Integration Office is also an important project component. The general locations of the project components are shown in Figure 1.1, while Figure 1.2 provides a more detailed map of the CZT project area showing the proposed HUDP components. China Water Resources Context

Water resources (PCI flood control) and water quality (PC2 wastewater treatment) are important targets of the HUDP. The following summary information on water pollution has been obtained from the World Bank 2001 report entitled "China: Air Land Water" and provides a contextual background to the HUDP. The general characteristics of the resource in China include: great overall volume, imbalance spatial-temporal distribution, lower volume of the water resources per capita and unit- cultivated land and the serious water deficiency in some areas especially the northern areas. Aiming at the main problems of water pollution prevention in China, the new strategy of water pollution prevention in the future in China will be mainly as follows: * To further enhance industrial pollution controls and reduces industrial pollutant discharge.

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* To speed up the construction of urban sewage treatment plants and reduce the pollution on the environment caused by domestic sewage. * To conduct comprehensive pollution treatments in river basins so as to solve the water problems in trans-jurisdiction areas. * To carry out study and monitor on rural non-point source pollution and control the water pollution caused by agriculture production activities and night soils of poultry farms. * To keep enhancing the control on township and village industrial enterprises (TVIEs) by restructuring the industrial structure and other policies in order to prevent the rebounding of pollution caused by TVIEs. * To carry out water conservation strategy and total pollutant load control. The major measures include: water conservation and water pollution control at the sources; to implement total pollutant load control in important industrial sectors and reduce the pollutant discharge efficiently; to focus on environmental quality in controlling water pollution in river basins and conduct total pollutant load control; to promote pollution discharge permit system for the important pollution sources and to conduct total pollutant load control in the whole production process. Due to its geographical location, China is endowed with weather events of strong spatial and seasonal variations. The annual precipitation amount ranges from more than 2000 mm in Southeast to less than 200 mm in Northwest. In fact, the Great Wall, the frontier between nomadic and agriculture societies, can be viewed as a divide between regions with and without sufficient water resources for agriculture planting. In majority of China, 60% - 80% precipitation occurs during the summer season. The highly concentrated precipitation events naturally lead to two frequent water problems: either too much water (flooding) or too little water (drought).

1.1.1 Flooding Problems in the Three Cities

The Xiangjiang River is a main south-north flowing tributary of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River, beginning at Longmenjie at the Haiyangping in Lingui County of Guangxi province, and entering into Hunan Province at Dong'an after joining together branch streams. It ultimately flows into at the mouth of Haohe River of , after passing through , Zhuzhou, Xiangtan and Changsha. Dongting Lake is a convergence point for several rivers, also receives floodwaters from the Yangtze during the flooding season. The Xiangjiang River connects the CZT urban districts from south to north forming a "C" shape with the total length from Majiahe River to Zhaoshan being 42km. The control catchment area of the Xiangtan Hydrological Station is 81,638km2 . The watershed areas of Nalian River and Juanshui River on the left bank of the Xiangjiang River are respectively 7,155km 2 and 1,767km2 . The storm centre of the Xiangjiang valley is mainly localised in the area at Guidong in the south-east of Hunan and the north-east of River, due to cyclonic rain with occasional typhoon rain. The rainfall quantity from April to June accounts for 40% of the whole year, and the highest rainfall occurs in May. According to local statistical information, the flood frequency of 69.7% as measured at the Xiangtan hydrology station originates from the area above Hengyang. Because the whole valley essentially responds to the same storm area, the flood frequency of the main river is basically the same as major tributaries. The maximum-recorded flow measured in Xiangtan Hydrological Station is 20,800m3 /s and the highest recorded water level 39.67m. The flood generally occurs from April to September, floods occur frequently, and the flood peak following upon the heels of, heavy flood peak flow, rising fast with a long duration and it is very serious for embankment security.

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1.1.2 Surface Water Pollution in Hunan Province

During 1996-2000 (the Ninth Five-Year-plan period), environmental pollution and ecological de_radation trends were somewhat improved from the past conditions, while the Provincial GDP grew at rate of 9.71V. Eleven out of the 12 major pollutants discharged, (SO 2. smoke dust, industrial dust, COD. industrial solid wastes, oils. Hg, Cd. Pb, As, Cr"6 , CN-). were lower than that of the Eighth Five-Year-Plan period, with industrial solid wastes higher.

Increased discharges of domestic sewage are continuing to pollute surface water in the CZT region, particularly the river sections in urban areas. Industrial discharges have been better controlled but continue to cause local water quality problems. In 2000, the discharge of COD from domestic sewage became higher than the discharge of COD from industrial wastewater. Also in 2000, the EPB reported that the quality of surface water in Hunan Province can be summarised as follows: majority of the river sections complying with Grade IV; a few sections complying with Grade III; small proportion of sections complying with Grade I or Grade II. Grade V water conditions occur occasionally, especially during the dry season. Averaged water pollution indices for various parameters greatly fluctuated (generally with river flow season variability) though water quality in 2000 was better than the past.

1.1.3 Pollution Control Action Plan of Hunan Provincial Government

From 1996 to 2000, GDP, per capita GDP and financial revenue annually increased by 9.7% and 9% and 9.3% respectively, and the proportion of urban population grew by 18.25%. Environmental protection is being developed in a coordinated way with the society and economy. The environmental quality is evolving from the overall deterioration and partial improvement experienced five years ago, to basic control of the deterioration, and some cities and areas are much improved. The environment protection has made positive contributions to the continual, rapid and healthy development of the economy in Hunan Province.

Although investment input in the ninth five-year plan on environmental protection accounted for 0.75% of GDP (0.35% higher than that of the eighth five-year plan), Hunan is still faced with such environmental protection challenges as: * Serious urban air pollution and acid rain pollution;

* Water pollution, particularly in the sections of river passing through cities, which imposed threaten to the safety of drinking water sources for some urban areas; * Increased urban garbage and solid waste pollution, disturbance of noise to residents; * Ecological deterioration; and * Macro-economic pressure on environmental protection. In the period of the Tenth Five-year Plan, the economy in Hunan is planned for fast growth at average annual growth rate of 9%. Economy of Hunan Province will enter into an accelerated industrialisation, agricultural industrialisation and urbanisation process. Energy demands will rise continually. In the near future, the structural pollution due to industrial economy, which was based on resource exploration, cannot be changed fundamentally in a short period. The task of industrial pollution abatement is quite difficult. In addition, the progress of urbanisation is accelerating, the urban population is becoming more dense, generation of domestic wastewater and rubbish increases by a big margin, tail gas pollution of vehicles becomes more outstanding, and the pressure of urban environmental infrastruclure demand is severe. Moreover, along with the economic development in rural areas and improvement of living standards of farmers, the countryside and

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natural ecosystems will face heavier environmental pressures. If no effective measures are adopted, the development of the economy and society in Hunan province will be restrained, and the health of the people threatened.

During the period of the Tenth Five-year Plan, the Provincial EPB indicates that the main actions of pollution control are planned as follows: 1. In the process of urbanisation, comprehensive environmental renovation will be strengthened with more emphasis on the control of air, water and solid waste pollution to create a sound environment and improve living quality. * Following the law of natural ecology, rationally define the right size, the development orientation, the spatial distribution of the cities and restructured industries in cities to improve environmental functions of cities. * In the light of local conditions, speed up the construction of such urban environmental infrastructure such as sewage treatment plants; solid waste disposal sites, centralised heating and gas supply systems. * Enhance urban comprehensive environmental renovation to improve the level of urban management

* Strictly protect the sources of drinking water supply to ensure safety of cities drinking water supply.

* Adjust urban energy structure to phase out the direct use of raw coal. No heavy polluting industries could be allowed to be located in the new urban districts. Techniques enabling vehicles to use cleaner fuel will be encouraged to control the pollution from tail gas. * Strictly limit the whistling of automobiles, trains in urban districts and supervise noise from industrial activities and social activities to control noise pollution. 2. In combining with the strategic economic restructuring, industrial pollution control throughout the whole processes will be practical, technical renovation will be enhanced to phase out those inefficient enterprises, production processes and equipment. Clean production process will be actively promoted and all the industries should comply with discharging standards in an all-round way. Pay close attention to pollution abatement in major industries. Stress pollution control in major industries, such as energy (coal and power generation), metallurgy (ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy), chemical industrial, building material and light industrial to achieve the goal that industrial output value increase while pollution decrease.

3. Control pollution from agricultural non-point sources and livestock and prevent pollution from town/township owned enterprises (TVIE) to improve environmental quality in rural areas. * Vigorously develop ecological agriculture, organic agriculture and water-saving agriculture and promote the production of organic food, green food and pollution-free food. * Control non-point sources pollution due to irrational application of chemical fertilisers and pesticides. * Popularise the comprehensive use and disposal of livestock excrement. * Carry out rural water supply project to ensure healthy safety of centralised water supply in towns and villages. Improve environmental infrastructure in towns/townships collect and treat pollution.

* While accelerating the development of small towns, environmental function zoning of towns will be clearly defined by rational planning. Restructuring of TVIE would be accelerated to

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promote such enterprises to be located in the designated industrial zone, and avoid the ttansferring of polluting and inefficient industries from entering into small towns. 4. Directed by China's Ecological Environment Conservation Program, eco-environment conservation work will iocus on the Lake Dongting, the headwater of the four river systems and western region of Hunan Province. Measures will be taken to return farmland to woodland, return farmland to lakes to reverse ecological deterioration trend.

* Carry out rescuing conservation works in the important special ecological function zones. * Carry out compulsory conservation works in key resources exploitation zones. * Carry out positive conservation works in good ecological environment zones. 5. Environmental protection in focused regions

* Six cities of Changsha, Zhuzhou, Xiangtan, , and , three industrial districts in Qingshuitang and Yuetang, and Shuikoushan and four headwaters of the four river systems (the Xiangjiang River, the Zhi River, the Yuan River and the ), one river (namely the Xiangjiang River) one lake (namely Lake Dongting) and one prefecture (namely Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Minority Nationality ) are identified as the important regions for comprehensive urban environmental renovation, industrial pollution control, water pollution prevention and control, water resources conservation and ecological reservation respectively. 6. Investment for environmental protection.

* Toward the goal of sustainable development of society and economy in Hunan, and to improve environmental conditions, the estimated environment protection investment would be 14.7 billion Yuan during the period of the Tenth Five-year Plan (which account for about 1.05% of GDP, 0.30 percentage point higher than that of the Ninth Five-Year Plan period). According to the spirit of Outline of the Tenth Five-year Plan for Development of Economy and Society in Hunan, Hunan Development Planning Commission and Hunan Environmental Protection Bureau worked out the Tenth Five-year Plan for Environmental Protection in Hunan, which included the provincial environmental objectives as below:

* By 2005, a sound environmental protection institution and management system led by government, promoted by market, participated by public within the legal system will be further improved.

* Environmental pollution will be mitigated 'year by year' and ecological conservation and improvement will make significant achievement.

* Environment Quality in general will be stabilised with some improvement. Environment quality in the major cities and regions will be improved. Main indicators are listed below: * Total amount of pollutants control indicators:

o Emission of sulphur dioxide (SO2 ) will be controlled below the 690,000 ton/year; o Emission of dust (including soot and industrial dust) will be controlled below 970,000 ton/year;

o Discharging of COD will be controlled below 628,000 ton/year; o Discharging of ammonia nitrogen will be controlled below 133,500 ton/year;

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o Discharging of industrial solid waste will be controlled below 1.25 million ton/year. * Industrial pollution control indicators: o Emission of S02 will be controlled below 559,500 ton/year; o Emission of soot will be controlled below 354,200 ton/year; Li Emission of dust will be controlled below 560,000 ton/year; o Discharging of COD will be controlled below 355,500 ton/year; o Discharging of cadmium, mercury, lead will be controlled below 16.6 ton/year, 1.23 ton/year, and 111.55 ton/year respectively.

L Discharging of ammonia nitrogen will be controlled below 65,000 ton/year; o Recycling of industrial water will be higher than 55%; o Multi-purpose utilization of industrial solid waste will be higher than 50%. * Urban environmental protection indicators:

o Air quality in more than 65% of the capital cities of prefecture level municipalities meeting Chinese national air standard for grade II o Surface water quality in more than 75% of the capital cities of prefecture level municipalities meeting Chinese national water quality standard for grades that fit to the designated functions.

L Road traffic noise and environmental noise in more than 50% of the capital cities of prefecture level municipalities meeting Chinese national standard. L Urban domestic sewage treatment rate should be 40%; o3 Urban residents' gas supply coverage should be 85%; o The rate of sanitary disposal of urban domestic rubbish treatment without harmful effects should be 60%;

i The green surface rates in constructed urban areas should be 35%. * Eco-environment conservation indicators: o3 Controlled soil erosion area should be increased by another 8,000 kM2; o3 Forest coverage should be 54%;

Li Natural reserve area should be increased by another 250,000 hectares, and total natural reserve areas should occupy 5% of total land area;

Li The rate of ecological recovery and treatment in mining area should be more than 25%. * Rural environmental protection indicators:

Li Water quality of sources of centralised water supply basically should comply with environmental quality standard;

Li The rate of wastewater treatment for designated-size livestock farms should be 60%; o The rate of no-stalk-burning in banned stalk-burning region should be 95%. * Environmental protection indicators for the focused regions:

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J Quality of water. air and acoustic environment in the six focused cities of Changsha. Zhuzhou, Xiangtan. Yueyang. Zhangjiajie and Changde should comply with the Chinese national standard that fit to their designated functions; the rate of residents' gas supply coverage, domestic sewage treatment and domestic rubbish treatment without harmful effects should be higher than 95%7c, 50%7c and 65'7 respectively; Table 1-1 provides relative Environmental Protection Indicators for the Cities of Changsha Zhuzhou and Xiangtan. Table 1-1 Environmental Protection Indicators for the Cities of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan

Item Changsha Zhuzhou Xiangtan SO, (10,000 t/a) Goal in 2005 6.04 6.82 4.83 Reduction rate % -20.0 -30.2 -6.4 Soot(10,000 t/a) Goal in 2005 4.16 4.50 4.35 Reduction rate % -17.8 -15.9 -15.7 Industrial dust Goal in 2005 6.02 3.00 3.00 (10,OOOt/a) Reduction rate % -20.6 -18.3 -18.5 COD Goal in 2005 5.18 4.10 3.37 (l0,OOOt) Reduction rate % -11.3 -18.2 -14.7

NH3-N(10,OOOt/a) Goal in 2005 1.09 1.57 0.68 Hg (t/a) Goal in 2005 0.03 1.02 0.00 Reduction rate % -0.0 -51.4 0.0 Cd (t/a) Goal in 2005 0.63 1.89 1.14 Reduction rate % 0.0 -36.4 -30.1 Pb (t/a) Goal in 2005 2.78 6.88 8.27 Reduction rate % 0.0 -6.8 -34.5 Industrial solid Goal in 2005 6.30 11.95 9.50 waste (l0,OOOt/a) Reduction rate % -14.6 -14.3 -10.9

* Forest coverage at the upper streams of the four river system should be 65%;

* Emission of SO2 discharging of mercury, cadmium and lead from the three focused industrial districts should be reduced by 43,000 ton/year, 1.23 ton/year, 8.0 ton/year and 43.07 ton/year respectively;

* All the cities and major towns located along the trunk course of Xiangjiang River should have their 50% of sewage and 65% of rubbish be treated; water quality in urban sections of Xiangjiang River should comply with the standard that fit to the designated functions and water quality in the junction section between cities should comply with standard for Grade III;

* Ecological function of the wetland of Lake Dongting should be recovered, biodiversity in Lake Dongting be reserved and eutrophication problem in Lake Dongting be slowed.

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1.1.4 Relationship of HUDP and Tenth Five-Year Plan Objectives

Hunan Province is at the median of Chinese provinces on most economic criteria. Key indicators of Hunan with respect to other provinces are: seventh in population, twelfth in terms of gross domestic product; and seventeenth in GDP per capita, which is about 22 percent below national average. The Province has a significant agricultural base and is one of China's rice baskets. It possesses coal, iron, and timber resources, benefits from an abundant water supply, and is a major power producer. The western half of the Province is rural, mountainous, and poor, but cities in the eastern part are showing strong industrial growth.

Changsha, the capital of Hunan, and the neighbouring cities of Zhuzhou and Xiangtan comprise the CZT region, which is clearly the economic engine of the province. The CZT region covers an area of 2 28,250 km and is generally flat (elevation 30m-40m) with hilly outcrops. The Xiangjiang River links the three cities. The population of the CZT region is projected to grow from the current 6.5 million to 10.2 million in 2020.

The current national and provincial five-year plans envisage the CZT region to be a regional development centre of national importance. Hunan Provincial Government attaches considerable importance to the economic integration of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan Cities, and has set up the CZT Economic Integration Office (EIO) for this purpose. The proposed HUDP project is an important part of the govemment strategy to promote this integration and sustainable urban development in the CZT Region. In particular, the PCI flood embankment and scenic road will connect the CZT cities and promote regional tourism and development. Some of the key issues affecting the development of the CZT Region include: frequent flooding of the Xiangjiang River; high levels of pollution in the Xiangjiang River, with the domestic pollution from Changsha requiring priority attention; air pollution due to the use of high sulphur coal; under-utilisation of Zhuzhou's potential as a transport hub; and underutilization of the potential of the riverfront and historical areas on the banks of Xiangjiang River for improved liveability. The objectives of HUDP (including the components related to energy, transportation, flood control, tourism, urban wastewater treatment and ecological improvement) are consistent with and foster the environmental objectives of the Tenth Five-year Plan. The HUDP will accrue benefits to the improvement of urban environment quality, water quality in Xiangjiang River, landscape ecology, the reduction of air pollution, the enhancement of flood control and the promotion of tourism development. It is a very important move in implementing CZT regional plan. The implementation of HUDP will advance integrated environmental and economic planning in the CZT region through improved flood protection and linked scenic resources, raise the levels of central wastewater treatment and; treating and reducing wastewater pollutant loads will help realise the control objectives of total pollutant discharge amounts; effectively controlling the environmental pollution tendency and meeting the standard of surface water during the period of the Tenth Five-year Plan. The appearances, styles and grades of the project cities can also be much upgraded through improved environmental planning, reduced air pollution and improved logistics services for the sustainable development of the province in the future.

1.1.5 EA Production

The EIA Centre of Hunan Environmental Protection Research Institute (HEPRI) was responsible for compilation of the consolidated EIA report of HUDP. HEPRI and the EIA Centre of Hunan University (HUEIAC) prepared the component EIA reports. Table 1-2 provides details of the HUDP EA preparation agencies.

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Table 1-2 Component ElAs and Assessing Agencies

HUDP EIA Report Prepared By:

Consolidated EIA of HUDP Hunan Environmental Protection Research Institute (HEPRI)

PCI, Flood Control and Scenic Road Hunan University (HUEIAC) Corridor EA

PC2. Changsha Wastewater EA Hunan Environmental Protection Research Institute (HEPRI)

PC3, Zhuzhou Clean Coal EA Hunan Environmental Protection Research Institute (HEPRI)

PC4, CZT Logistics Centre EA Hunan Environmental Protection Research Institute (HEPRI)

PC6, Zhaoshan Scenic Area EA Hunan University (HUEIAC)

Founded in 1970s, HEPRI is one of the earliest provincial-level research institutes in China. There is a staff of 156 in the institute, and 90% are professionals. There are about 60 individuals holding EIA certificates, 30 staff with senior professional titles, 45 staff with middle rank professional title. The institute is one of the agencies in China that has undertaken hundreds of research tasks at state-level, provincial-level and local-level related to research, EIA and pollution control project since its establishment, and won over 60 of achievement prizes in scientific research. The institute has passed the examination of the National Environmental Protection Bureau, and it holds a Grade 1 EIA Certificate (National Environmental Assessment Certificate Grade 1, NO. 2702).

HEPRI has being particularly involved in the study of Xiangjiang River Basin and acid rain control, such as such as: Acid Rain Survey in Hunan, Soil Properties Study Along Xiangjiang Valley, Research on Acid Rain Prevention and Control Techniques, Research on Sulphur Dioxide Treatment Technology and Research on Sulphur Fixing Agents, Integrated Control Research of Xiangjiang River Pollution, Preliminary Research of Xiangjiang River Basin Precipitation and Dust, Effect of City Runoff Pollution to Xiangjiang River Water Quality, Research of Soil Background Environmental Features of Xiangjiang River Basin, Soil Environmental Background Value Research in Dongting Lake Area.

1.2 Description of the Study Area

1.2.1 Economy of Hunan Province

The Xiangjiang river section between Hengyang and Chenglingji is 439 km in length. It is rich in rainfall, flat in gradient and stable in riverbed. There are excellent natural conditions for developing water transport. Regions along the river are scenic and rich in resources and advanced in agriculture and industry. Changsha, Xiangtan, Zhuzhou and Hengyang are located in the central region of the Xiangjiang River between Hengyang and Zhuzhou. The CZT region, located at downstream end of the Xiangjiang River, comprises a capital municipality and two municipalities under jurisdiction of Hunan Province, covering area of 28,106 km2 (Changsha 11819 kM2 , Xiangtan 5015 kM2 , Zhuzhou 2 11272 kim ), accounting for 13.3% to total Provincial area. The total population was 12.46 million in 2002. included 5.955 million in Changsha, 2.812 million in Xiangtan, 3.694 million in Zhuzhou, accounting for 19% of total population in Hunan Province. In 2002, regional gross domestic product (GDP) was 142.755 billion RMB (Changsha 81.285 billion RBM, Xiangtan 25.93 billion RMB, Zhuzhou 35.54 billion RMB), which constituted 32.9 per cent of total GDP of Hunan Province. It is an important economic, culture and science and technology focal area in the province and is a centre for political, economic and cultural life. There is a complete industrial system in this region, including

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coal, chemical engineering, power, steel, metallurgy, construction materials, machinery, textile, food processing, fodder and leather, etc. The Chang-Zhu-Tan (CZT) region has also developed machinery processing and textile base, Lian-Shao coal and steel base, Hengyang non-ferrous industrial base, Lixian porcelain base and Liuyang- fireworks base. Table 1-3 provides population and domestic output for the three cities as of 2002: Table 1-3 Population and Output for CZT Cities as of 2002

CZT City Population Total Domestic Output (million people) (billion Yuan) Changsha 5.955 81.285 Xiangtan 2.812 25.93 Zhuzhou 3.694 35.54

The CZT region has good transport facilities. Zhuzhou and Hengyang are railway terminals, while Changsha and Hengyang are main highway terminals in China. Additionally, Changsha is also a main river port terminal of China. The CZT cities are also well-connected by highway, rail and air transport with other .

1.2.2 Regional Water Resources

The Xiangjiang water system involves many rivers. The mountains in the south and the east are relatively high and the stream branches have relative large areas to develop, having formed a dendritic water system. Among the 14 branches, 9 branches run into Xiangjiang at the right bank. The Jinjiang River. Longwang Gang, Liuyang River, and Woshui River enter into the Xiangjiang River at the section of Changsha. During the 20th century, more than 60 large and middle scale reservoirs were built, such as Dongjiang, Ouyanghai, Shuangpai and Shuimiao, etc, 9 of which are large scale reservoirs. The above reservoirs have the capacity of storing water for the area up to 358.28 km2 with regulating volume being 0.106 billion m3 . Nevertheless, many of the reservoirs are located at the upper and middle valley of the branches, without regulating reservoirs at the main rivers. The World Bank funded Waterways II hydroelectric dam is currently being constructed on the Xiangjiang mainstream, upstream of Zhuzhou, and immediately upstream of the HUDP project. However, this new reservoir appears to have minimal flood protection capacity built into the planning. Water resources are relatively abundant in Hunan Province, as compared to many parts of China, but there is still a problem with insufficient water resources for assimilation of wastes, and overall poor water quality. The water quality of the Xiangjiang River has been deteriorating in recent years, and has been recently been very poor due to extreme low-flows during the winter of 2003-2004. This has been described earlier. Monitoring data is provided in Chapter 4.

1.2.3 Water Resources of Project Cities

The status of water resources in the province and project cities was provided by HEPRI and is shown in Table 1-4.

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Table 1-4 Status of Water Resources in Project Cities

Total Water Total Surface Total Water Resource Precipitation Groundwater Area Resource Water Resource Resource per capita 3 (mmn/a) (B m /a) (B m3/a) (M m3 (m3Ip/a)

Changsha 1355.5 9.807 9.624 182.29 1682

Xiangtan 1317.2 3.913 - 1340

Zhuzhou 1412.2 10.328 - 2826 Water quality monitoring data and conditions are provided in Chapter 4.

1.2.4 Domestic Water Supplies and Utilisation

Currently, the central water treatment plants (WTPs) within the ecologic and economic belt are mainly built in the urban areas of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan. Except for the WTP of , the WTPs in Changsha City all obtain surface water from the Xiangjiang River, with a total capacity of 1,160,000 m3/d, of which the Changsha County WTP takes up 60,000 m3/d and the Wangcheng County WTP takes up 70,000 m3/d.

Xiangtan City has nearly 200 water suppliers, most being local enterprises owned for self-support. and 4 Municipal WTPs with a total supply capacity of 355,000 m3 /d. There are 4 municipal WTPs in Zhuzhou City, with a total capacity of 1,250,000 m3/d, serving 88.9% of the residents. To ensure the safety of city water supply, HPG has defined "Drinking Water Sources Protection Zones" in Xiangjiang Basin (shown in Table 1-5). Figure 1.3 provides a map showing these zones in relationship to HUDP component projects. Table 1-5 Defined Drinking Water Sources Protection Zones In Hunan (For Sections In HUDP Project Area)

No Water Body Protected Area Length Administration Protection (km) Class 20 Xiangjiang (main 1000 m upper and 200 m lower 1.2 Zhuzhou city course) reaches of the intake of No.4 WTW 21 Xiangjiang (main 200 m lower reach of intake of 1.8 Zhuzhou city 11 course) No.4 WTW to 1000 m upper reach of the intake of No. I ______W TW 22 Xiangjiang (main 1000 m upper and 200 m lower 1.2 Zhuzhou city I course) reaches of the intake of No. I

______W T W______23 Xiangjiang (main 200 m lower reach of intake of 5.0 Zhuzhou city II course) No.1 WTW to 1000 m upper reach of the intake of No. 2 WTW 24 Xiangjiang (main 1000 m upper reach of the intake 2.3 Zhuzhou city I course) of No.2 WTW to 100 m lower reach of No.3 WTW

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No Water Body Protected Area Length Administration Protection (km) Class 25 Xiangjiang (main from Xiangjiatang to 3.4 Xiangtan city, I course) Sheshangang (where planned No.4 WTW locate at eastern side and a county WTW locate at western side)

26 Xiangjiang (main from Sheshangang to 1000 m 2.3 Xiangtan city 11 course) upper reach of the intake of No.2 WTW

27 Xiangjiang (main 1000 m upper and 200 m lower 1.2 Xiangtan city I course) reaches of the intake of No.2 WTW

28 Xiangjiang (main 200 m lower reach of the intake 8.3 Xiangtan city II course) of No.2 WTW to 1000 m lower reach of the intake of No. I WTW

29 Xiangjiang (main 1000 m upper and 200 m lower 1.2 Xiangtan city I course) reaches of the intake of No. I WTW

30 Xiangjiang (main 200 m lower reach of intake of 4.6 Xiangtan city II course) No. 1 WTW to 1000 m upper reach of the intake of No.3 WTW

31 Xiangjiang (main 1000 m upper the intake of No.3 1.5 Xiangtan city I course) WTW to 200 m lower reaches of the intake of Xiangfang WTW 32 Xiangjiang (main the boundary between Changsha 12.1 Changsha II course) and Xiangtan in Muyun town to 1000 m upper reach of the intake of No.2 WTW

33 Xiangjiang (main 1000 m upper reach of the intake 16.7 Changsha I course) of No.2 WTW to the end of Fujiangzhou sub-total 14 sections 62.8 class I 8 sections 28.7

class II 6 sections 34.1 . -

1.2.5 Sewerage Systems

In the CZT region, the existing sewerage systems are available only in the constructed urban area in cities of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan. While in rural area, all domestic sewage, partially controlled industrial wastewater and livestock excrement are discharged directly into water bodies, usually without sufficient wastewater treatment. In the city of Changsha, existing sewerage systems are formed into two systems that are divided by Xiangjiang River. Wastewater collection in Changsha city east bank area is generally based on the combined sewer system, in principle. The west bank area has no sewerage system now, and the sewage flows into open drainages, eventually entering the Xiangjiang River. Based on natural

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geographic condition, the eastern bank urban are planned to have seven drainage areas, including two served by existing WWTPs and collection and interception sewers with total length of 648 km. By 2010. the predicted wastewater tlow from these seven areas will be 564,000 m3/day with a serviced population of 1.56 million. City wastewater planning policy advocates a continuation of the policy to install combined sewers except in areas where separate foul and surface water sewer construction is feasible. According the statistics in year 2002, the total wastewater flow in Changsha 3 was about 810,000 m /d, including 308,000 m3 /d of industrial wastewater and 502,000 m3/d of domestic sewage, of which about 320,000 m3 /d are treated by the two existing municipal WWTPs (1 80,000/WWTP No. 1 and 140,000/WWTP No. 2).

In Xiangtan City, the drainage system is a combined one; the total sewerage network is 335 km long. The statistics in 2002 showed that the total wastewater flow was about 320,000 m3/d, including 3 189,000 m /d of industrial wastewater (84.8% reportedly meets standards), and 320,340 m3/d of domestic sewage. At present, Xiangtan possesses one existing municipal WWTP, the WWTP, which is capable of treating 6,000 cubic meters per day, and the East Bank WVVTP, which is under construction and will go into operation in 2004, and be capable of treating 100,000 m3 /d. In Zhuzhou City, the drainage system in Zhuzhou is divided into two parts, the eastern part and the western part. The combined system is also used in the eastern part, the industrial wastewater is pre- treated by the polluters and discharged into the municipal drainage pipes with domestic sewage and finally discharged into Xiangjiang River. In the planned area of the western part, the rainwater and wastewater converge at the end of the pipelines and are discharged into Xiangjiang River or other water body nearby. In the unplanned area, old drainage pipelines of 391.070 km long are still in use. In 2002, the total wastewater flow in Zhuzhou was 843,000 m3/d, including 228,000 m3/d of industrial 3 wastewater and 615,000 m /d of domestic sewage. There are 2 existing WWTPs (Xiawan WWVTP, 3 capable of treating 100,000 m /d; and Dongjiaduan WWTP, 12,000 m3/d) and the Longquan WWTP under construction with planned treatment capacity of 60,000 m3/d in 2005 and 100,000 m3/d in 2010. In the suburban and rural area, the domestic and most of the industrial wastewater are directly discharged without any treatment, which causes severe pollution to the Xiangjiang River and groundwater.

Many houses in the cities have septic tanks but many are too small and regular maintenance is not usually performed. The ultimate goal of all Hunan province cities is the complete separation of all sanitary sewers but funding limitations will mean that combined sewers with septic tanks will be utilised for many years. Some of the cities are purchasing vacuum trucks to maintain the tanks in the long period of time it takes to separate the entire sewer system. The current sewerage design is based on intercepting up to twice the average dry weather flow in the system, and overflowing the remainder to surface water during storm events.

1.2.6 Solid Waste Disposal

In 2002, the sources and disposal of the solid wastes and Domestic Garbage in CZT Area are as shown in Table 1-6:

Table 1-6 Sources and Disposal of Solid Wastes and Domestic Garbage in 2002

Industrial SW Output Industrial SW DG Output DG Disposal ______D isp osal______183,000 tons per year, Landfilled in Heimifeng Changsha including 64,000 tons Recycle rate at 84.8% 730,000 t/a Landfill Site with total of boiler residue and volume of 45.0 million

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Industrial SW Output Industrial SW DG Output DG Disposal Disposal______m- capable of serving 34 36,000 tons of gangue years since its operation residue in 2002

Disposed in South Suburb Disposal Site Landfilled or recycled, (capable of disposing Zhuzhou 1,630,000 t/a disposal rate at 92.0%, Zhuzhou1,30,000 t/a discharge amount at 346,00t/a34,0ta capacity600td, with of 3,285,000 a total 130,000t/a cubic meters), and in some simple disposal sites Disposed in Xiangtan 2,215,500t/a recycled, Shuangma Town Xiangtan 3,068,700 t/a 455,800t/a disposed, 339,000t/a Disposal Site (with a others piled up total capacity of 5,080,000 cubic meters) Where SW refers to Solid Wastes, and DG means Domestic Garbage.

1.2.7 Flood Prevention

In the Xiangjiang Ecologic and Economic Belt (EEB), flood control facilities vary in different sections. More engineering works were done along the sections in Changsha, Xiangtan and Zhuzhou cities in the last few years to increase flood control capacity. However, along the sections in non- urban area, flood control infrastructure remains weak. Changsha

Attributive to the flood control engineering construction in the last few years, a flood control system comprising embankments, wave walls, flood-relief channels, electrically-powered pumping stations has taken its initial shape. An accumulated length of 70.6 km embankment (33.5 km at western river side with elevation 36.22-37.69m, and 37.1 km at eastern river side with elevation 35.72-37.95) now exist, with existing flood control level once in 20-30 years. In some sub-sections, the flood control levels are even higher (once in 100 years, and once in 200 years.) Xiangtan

Flood control facilities in this section are dominated by embankment. An accumulated length of 62.6km embankment with average width 5-6 m,(elevation 39.2-42.1 m) formed three flood control enclosures. On average, flood control level reaches to once in 20 years, (some sub-sections are as high as once in 100 years). However, the auxiliary facilities are weak; communication has to rely on post service, telephones and faxes.

Zhuzhou

The river courses in this section are 20.3 km. Here, there have been 16 embankments with accumulated length of 39.65 km. The existing flood control level in this section, in average, is once in 20 years (some sub-sections are as high as once in 100 years).

Sectons Outside The Three Cities

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The existing flood control levels in these sections are much lower. The farmland distributed along the riversides could only meet the flood once in 5 years. Existing embankment meeting planned flood control goals are shown in Table 1-7: Table 1-7 Sections With Embankment Meeting Flood Control Goals:

Sub-Section Length Elevation Of Flood Control Location The Top Of FloCntl Name (m) Embankment Level

No. IWWT-Dock Tianxin , 1.071 Changsha City 38.29

Wuyi Yulu District, Once in 200 years Bridge-Jinjiang CaghCiy6.85 39.28Onei20yar Stream Changsha City Tianxin , 4.46 41547 embankment Xiangtan City . . Shiwanlong Yuhu District, 4.63 embankment Xiangtan City Xiangtan Hexi Xiangtan urban 4.7 embankment district Xiawan , 2.45 44.75-44.85 Once in 100 years embankment Zhuzhou City Fengxigang Lusong District 1.607 45.08-45.15

embankment Zhuzhou City ______

1.2.8 Energy Structure

According to statistics in 2000, the total annual coal consumption was 7,013,700 tons. The energy structure in 2005 and 2010 is predicted in Table 1-8 (Source: Comprehensive Control of Acid Rain Pollution in CZT Economic Integration Region): Table 1-8 Prediction of the Energy Structure of the CZT Area

Coal Heavy Gasoline Diesel Coal Natural Electric Total Year million . n illtion mili on G . Power Consumption million lilon millmlliniillion millon 10 5MWH million Va tla t/ al ta tin m3fa tla nilo / 2005 15.124 0.28 11.93 0.3387 130.00 0.115 165.4 Conaert into 12.1246 0.384 18.7 0.494 0.0624 0.173 203.4 15.459

Percentage 78.43 2.48 1.21 3.20 0.40 1.12 13.16 100.00 2010 18.314 0.265 15.23 0.4417 180.00 0.145 216.0 Convert into Coal 104t 14.7146 0.363 23.9 0.645 0.0864 0.218 265.7 18.923

Percentage () 77.76 1.92 1.26 3.41 0.46 1.15 14.04 100.00 Note: after the project of "Eastward of Natural Gas", some gases will be replaced. According to the tabular data, up to year 2010, the 720,000,000 cubic meters of natural gas can substitute 1,958,400 tons of coal, which takes up only 10% of the total consumption. For a long time in the future, the coal will undoubtedly remain the main energy sources in CZT Area.

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1.3 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework

1.3.1 Laws and Regulations

Laws and Regulations of Environmental Protection that were important to the performance of this EA included: * Constitution of P. R. China (December 4, 1982); * Environmental Protection Law (Dec. 26th, 1989); * Environmental Impact Assessment Law" [adoption date: 2002-10-28] [effective date: 2003- 09-01]; * Regulation on Fundamental Cropland Protection (Aug. 29th, 1998); * Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law (Jan.12th, 1998); * Atmosphere Pollution Prevention and Control Law (April. 29th, 2000); * Law on Prevention and Control of Pollution from Environmental Noise (Oct. 29th, 1998); * Law on Prevention and Control of Pollution from Environmental Solid Wastes; * Law on the Protection of Wildlife; * Law on Water and Soil Conservation; * Ordinance of Environmental Management for the Construction Project" No. 253 by the State Council; * Ordinance of Environmental Management for the Transportation Construction Project Ministry of Communications; * Circular of Strengthening the Prevention on Geological Calamity Along Highways; * Cultural Relic Protection Law; * Cleaner Production Promotion Law (Jan. 1", 2003) * World Bank Operational Policies on Environmental Assessment, OP 4.01; Natural Habitats. OP4.04; Agricultural Pest Management, OP4.09; Forestry, OP4.36; Dam Safety, OP4.37. Safeguarding Cultural Property in Bank-Financed Project, OP 4.11; Involuntary Resettlement, OP 4.12; Indigenous Peoples OD 4.20; * World Bank Policy on Disclosure of Information; * Ordinance of Hunan Province on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution in Xiangjiang Basin, Adopted day: March 29, 2003, Effective day: May. 1st, 2002; * Implementation Schemes of Prevention and Control of Xiangjiang Water Pollution; No.153. Government of Hunan Province, 2003; * Management of Environmental Protection for the Construction Project, Hunan Province; * Circular of Program for Drinking Water Sources Protected Zone Issued by the People's Government of Hunan Province No.77, Government of Hunan Province, 2003; * Circular of Printing and Distributing Hunan Provincial Tenth Five-year Plan for Environmental Protection; No.29, Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau,

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Hunan Provincial Development Planning Commission, Hunan Economic and Trade Commission. Hunan Finance Bureau. 2002: * Inventory of Classified Environmental Management for Construction Project; * Circular of Reinforcing Management of the Environmental Impact Assessment for Construction Projects Financed by International Finance Corporation. Technical directives that were important to the performance of this EA included: * Technological Directive on Environmental Impact Assessment - Non-polluting Ecological Impact HJ/T19-97; * Technological Directive on Environmental Impact Assessment HJ/T2.1-2.3-93; * Technological Directive on Environmental Impact Assessment HJ/T2.4-95; * EIA Criteria for Highway Project" JTJ005-96, Ministry of Communication.

1.3.2 Project Documents

Project documents and other reference materials included the following: * Master Plan for Development and Construction of Ecological & Economic Belt in Xiangjiang River developed jointly by China Urban Planning and Designing Institute and Hunan Provincial Development Planning Commission, 2003; * International Consultation on Conceptual Plan for Ecological-Economic Belt in Xiangjiang River developed jointly by Obermeyer Planer + Beraten and Hunan Provincial Development Planning Commission, 2002; * 2000-2020 Master plan for Changsha City" by Changsha Municipal Planning and Designing Institute, Changsha Municipal Planning Bureau in 2002; * 2001-2020 Master plan for Zhuzhou City by China Urban Planning and Designing Institute, Zhuzhou Municipal Planning Bureau in 2002; * 2001-2020 Master plan for Xiangtan City by China Urban Planning and Designing Institute, Xiangtan Municipal Planning Bureau in 2002; * CZT Urban Cluster Regional Plan (draft) developed jointly by China Urban Planning and Designing Institute, Hunan Provincial Development Planning Commission, Jun, 2003; * Certificate of Entrustment for Environmental Impact Assessment Task, HEPRI; * Feasibility Study Report on Zhaoshan Scenic Area Project by Hunan International Engineering Consulting Corporation, April, 2000; * Feasibility Study Report on Project of the Modem Logistic Centre of CZT area by Central- South Infrastructure Engineering Designing & Research Institute, August, 2003; * Feasibility Study Report on Project of Changshanyuan WWTP and its Sewers jointly by Central-North Infrastructure Engineering Designing & Research Institute and Changsha Municipal Urban Planning and Designing Institute, September, 2003; * Feasibility Study Report on the 200t/a Cleaner Coal Project" by Designing & Research Institute of Chemical Industry Ministry; * EIA Report on Corridor Project by EIA Centre of Hunan University (HUEIAC), Oct, 2003 (approved by HEPB), updated to January, 2004;

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* EIA Report on Zhaoshan Scenic Area Project by EIA Centre of Hunan University (HUEIAC), Oct, 2003 (approved by HEPB), updated to January. 2004; * EIA Report on Changsha (Changshanyuan) Wastewater Treatment Project by HEPRI, September, 2003, and its addendum, January 2004 * EIA Report on Project of Modern Logistic Centre of CZT Area by Hunan. HEPRI, October, 2003 (approved by HEPB), and its addendum, January 2004. * EIA Report on 2,000,000t/a Cleaner Coal Project by HEPRI, October, 2003, and its addendum, January 2004; * Approval Certificates of HUJDP Project Components EIAs by HEPB, November 8th, 2003.

1.3.3 EIA Category

For the extensive content and possibly far-reaching impact over the surrounding environment, according to the EA Policies of the World Bank, the Hunan Urban Development Project was classified as Category A for environmental assessment. The HEPRI classifications of environmental assessment for various subject areas are described as follows: Surface Water

Because of the significant impact of Changsha wastewater component on surface water environment (both positive and adverse impact), which as been classified as Chinese Grade A for component EA, the Consolidated EA is therefore classified as Grade A. Eco-Environment

For Eco-Environment Assessment category of the components of River shore Corridor and Zhaoshan Scenic Area was simplified as Category C, the Consolidated EA is therefore classified as Category C. Atmospheric Environment

For the regional feature of this project, especially the PC3 acid rain control, the assessment of atmospheric environment in the Consolidated EA is Category B. Acoustic Environment

With rapid urbanisation and growth of population, residents in urban area are increasingly disturbed by noise. According to the statistical data, in 2002, ambient noise of road traffic in Zhuzhou city exceeded the National standards (with Leq higher than 70 dB), although ambient noise of road traffic in Changsha and Xiangtan were within the standard. Ambient noise (in terms of Leq) in cities of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan were 53.25 dB, 54.9 dB and 55.0 dB respectively. Because of the scenic road of corridor component impact on acoustic environment (both positive and adverse) which was classified as Grade C, therefore, the Consolidated EA has classified as Category C.

1.3.4 EIA Scope

The HUDP aims at facilitating the urbanisation of the three cities, the scope of assessment should not be the sum of six components, it should be considered with the provincial urbanisation layout program. Hence the scope covers: Social, Air And Eco-Environment

The CEA covers an area of 1300 square km that includes urban areas of Changsha, Zhuzhou, Xiangtan and Yijiawan of Xiangtan.

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Surface Water

The Xiangjiano River begins in Kongzhoudao of Zhuzhou through the urban area of Xiangtan, Yijiawan of Xiangtan. Changsha to the confluence of Liuyang River and Xiangjiang River. about 140km long. The Liuyang River begins in Langli Town of Changsha to Xiangjiang River, about 20km lonLc. Acoustic Environment

The scope of the acoustic environment is 100 to 200m around the sites of subprojects.

1.3.5 EIA Standards

According to the approval certificate to the executing EA standards by Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau, the Standards adopted are as follows: Pollutant Discharge/Emission Standards Waste Water

GB 18918-2002, Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal WWTP, Category B, Grade I. GB8978-96, Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard, Grade I (discharged into Xiangjiang directly), Grade III (industrial wastewater to be treated by WWTP). Exlhaust Gas

GB 16297-96, Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants, Grade II, (for industrial waste gases; GB 13271-2001. Air Pollutants Emission for Boilers GB18918-2002 Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal WWTP (table 4 for waste gas emission from WWTP) Noise

GB 12348-90, Standard of Noise at Boundary of Industrial Enterprises, Grade II. Sludge

GB 18918-2002, Sludge Control Standard in Discharge standard of Pollutants for municipal WWTP. Environmental Quality Standards Water-Enivironmlent Liuyang River, GB3838-2002, Grade IV;

Xiangjiang River, GB3838-2002, Grade II (1000m upstream and 200m downstream of intake station of the water plant); otherwise, Grade III. The detailed standard values are listed below in Tables 1-9 to 1-10 Table 1-9 Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002), in mg/L

Parameter Grade | Grade [ Grade [ pH 6-9 6-9 6-9 CODM,o 15 20 30 Oil 0.05 0.05 0.5

BOD5 3 4 6

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Parameter Grade El Grade 0 Grade 0 NHI-N 0.5 1.0 1.5 Cr6+ 0.05 0.05 0.05 Ph 0.01 0.05 0.05 Cu 1.0 1.0 1.0 Zn 1.0 1.0 2.0 Hg 0.00005 0.0001 0.001 As 0.05 0.05 0.1 Cd 0.005 0.005 0.005 TP 0.1 0.2 0.3

GB3838-2002 Table 1-10 Ambient Air Quality Standard in mg/m 3 Annual Daily Annual Daily Parameter Hour average Hour average average average average average

SO2 0.06 0.15 0.50 0.02 0.05 0.15

TSP 0.20 0.30 0.08 0.12

NO2 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.04 0.08 0.12

Standard GB3095-96 Grade II GB3095-96 Grade I

Atnospheric Environment Scenery, GB3095-1996, Ambient Air quality Standard, Grade I; Others, GB3095-1996, Ambient Air Quality Standard, Grade II. The detailed standard values are listed below in Table 1-11 and Table 1-12.

Table 1-11 Discharge Limit for Water Pollutants in mg/L

Name GB8978-1996, Grade I GB8978-1996, Grade III GB18918-2002 Cat.B Grade I HS< 0.05 0.05 0.001 Cd< 0.1 0.1 0.01 Cr 6+< 0.5 0.5 0.05 As< 0.5 0.5 0.1 Pb< 1.0 1.0 0.1

SS5 70 20 CODS 100 60

BOD5 < 30 20

NH 3 -N• 15 8(15)

Oil< 10 3

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Table 1-12 Integrated Emission Limit tor Air Pollutants

Name Emission Stack Emission Pollutants Emission Concentration mg/mr Height Speed kg/h Concentration mg/m3

15m 3.5 so2 900 Dust 120 24m 12.7 Dust 200

GB16297-96 Grade II GB13271-2001 (boiler emission)

Acoiustic Environmenzt Period of Construction - Noise Limits for Construction Site, GB12523-90. Period of Operation: Scenery, Standard of Environmental Noise of Urban Area, GB3096-93 Category 0; Others, Standard of Environmental Noise of Urban Area, GB3096-93 Category 2, 3. The detailed standard values are listed below in Tables 1-3 to 1-16.

Table 1-13 Standard Of Environmental Noise Of Urban Area, in dB Grade Daytime Nighttime Applied Area l 55 45 Residential area, cultural & education zone

2 60 50 Residential, I 60 industrial mixedcommercial zone and 3 1 65 55 Industrial zone GB3096-93

Table 1-14 Standard Of Environmental Noise In The Construction Of Highway, Railway Grade Daytime Nighttime Applied Area 60 50 Schools, hospitals, sides of urban main traffic 70 55 others artery Circular on the environmental impact assessment of noise for highway & railway construction project ,HuanFa No. [2003]94

Table 1-15 Standard Of Noise At Boundary Of Industrial Enterprises, in dB

Grade Daytime Nighttime 60 50

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65 55

70 55 GB 12348-90 Table 1-16 Noise Limits For Construction Site, in dB

Constructing Limit ProcessProcess ~~~Source of Noise Daytime Nighttime

Earthwork Bulldozer, Grab, Loading Machine 75 55

Piling Piling Machine 85 Prohibited

Structure Concrete Mixes, Saws 70 55

Fitment Crane Elevator 65 55 GB12523-90

1.4 Sensitive Points and Protection Targets

The main points that might be sensitive to the project and protection target are listed in Table 1-15 and shown in Figure 1.4:

Table 1-15 Sensitive Points and Protection Target

Comp. Sensitive Point Location Protection Remarks ______~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~Level______

Intake of No 2 Zhuzhou WTW 300m up reaches of the intake east bank)

Intake of No 3 Zhuzhou WTW 1000m up reaches of No.2 Xiangjiang Bridge (east bank) Intake of No I Zhuzhou WTW Opposite to Zhuzhou Shipyard GB 3838- End of Huanghe Road in 2002 Grade Intake of No4 Zhuzhou WTW Zhuzhou

Intake of N. 3 Xiangtan WTW Tanjian quarter of high-tech ontake of N. 3 Xiangtan WTW development zone, Xiangtan Intakes of No3 and No.8 oChangsha WTWs Up reaches of Houzishi Bridge a. Intake of Xiang Fang (textile) About 1000m away from No3 Factory Xiangtan WTW

Intake of Rongcheng WTW in Lijiangping of Sanxing Village, Changsha Nantu Township, Changsha County GB3838- Intake of Changsha Zhongyi 2002 Grade Refrigerator Factory Fengcheng village, MuyunTown 11 Intake of No.8 Water and Electric Power Bureau's water supply Fengcheng village, MuyunTown

Intake of Plastic Factory Fengcheng village, MuyunTown

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Comp. Sensitive Point Location Level Remarks

1500m down reaches of Zhuzhou No. I Bridge, 230 m Around 800 Dapino Primary School, Zhuzhou from the axes of the corridor residents alignment North end of Zhuzhou No. I Zhuzhou Yandi college Bridge, 20 m from the axes of the corridor alignment County-level Kongling An in Zhuzhou, 90m GB3095-96 historic Kongling Temple from the axes of the corridor Grade 11 culture alignment GB3096-93 protected Grade 2 point Between Lushan Road and Ten 7-floor- Zhuzhou Xiangying Residential Songxhan Road in Zhuzhou City, residential Quarter 10 m from the axes of the building corridor alignment lOOOm up reaches of Zhuzhou Zhuzhou Shijin Huating No.1 Bridge, 130 from axes of Ten 7-floor- Residential Quarter the corridor alignment residential building

GB3095-96 Zhaoshan (mountain) in Grade II Provincial - Zhaoshan Scenic Area Yijianwan Town, Xiangtan level scenic Municipality GB3096-93 area Grade I

Liuyuang River, Changsha A tributary of Xiangjiang at west GB3838- section of Changsha City IV

Xilong Village Dwelling WWTP around 100 Nearby WWTP site housesd households factories

West to Gangziting pumping Shuiyunjian station (PS), the closest residential quarter residential building is about 50m from the PS Dwelling South to and north to Gangziting hues Huaqiao Village PS, the closest distance is about (Bungalows, 200 m cotes) Pump West to, south to and north to Dwelling Stations Xinqiao Village Dongtundu PS, the closest (Bungalows distance is 50m cotes)

South to Central Combined Yijiangwan Pump Station, the closest Bungalows distance is 100 m SW to Central Combined Pump Large-sized Furongyuan Station, the closest distance is residential 200 m quarter

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Comp. Sensitive Point Location Protection Remarks ______~~~~~~~~~Level Provincial- Tianjiangbing level key Experimental Eastern side of Ziwei Road middle Middle School school with about 4500 students Hunan International Tourist Health Northern side of Bayi Road Hospital Care outpatient service Centre

Hunan High Court People's Court Sewers Hunan People's Eastern side of Ziwei Road Procuratorate

Dianxin Garden Western side of Ziwei Road Residential ______~~~~~~~ ~~quarter Furongyuan Residential Northern side of Torch Road r tia Quarter quarter

Dezhengyan Western side of Mawangtui Residential Residential Road quarter Q uarter ______Huicheyuan Residential Southern side of Bayi Road Residential Quarter quarter Dwellers in the Factory (about GB3095-96 1000 people SSW 80m from the sources Grade II Shanmutang Residential Quarter GB3096-93 (about 10,000 people) SW 800m away from the Factory Grade 3

Intakes of No. 2 & 3 Zhuzhou GB3838- oWTWs SSW 3.5km 2002 Grade

GB3838- Baishi section of Xiangjiang G2m02 ra a. River S 2km 2002 Grade

GB3838- Stream Baishi Gang SSE 1.5km 2002 Grade flowing into Xiangjiang Z ~~~River

Scattered residents (about 100) About 200m away from the GB3095-96 o around the boundary of Logistic Logistic Centre Grade III uu Centre GB 12348-90 Grade C 2 Xiangjiang lkm GB3838- 2002 Grade c; ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~LL

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Comp. Sensitive Point Location Protection Remarks Level ______Ancienit temple in Zhaoshan GB3095-96 Cultural relic Grade 11 protected at P ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~municipal GB3096-93 lel D. ______Grade I _i > Ancient path The longest and the most -= complete ancient path N ever found in Hunan Province

L______A 1000-year old maidenhair tree

1.5 The Need for the Project

The overall need for HUDP is fully described for each HUDP project component in Chapter 2. The HUDP project benefits by component project are fully described in Chapter 5.

1.5.1 Necessity of PC1

Due to the region's geographical superiority, many studies on the economic integration of CZT region have been performed. The "Xiangjiang Ecological and Economic Belt" and the "Xiangjiang Scenic Belt" studies by national and international experts both proposed CZT integration. In April of 2001, "the Xiangjiang River Ecological Economic Belt" was listed in The Tenth Five-Year Plan for CZT Economic Integration in Hunan. Follow by this strategic decision, additional conceptual design, and master plan for Xiangjiang Ecology and Economic belt are development that proposes to use the Xiangjiang as a connecting link, to develop the region as a integrated corridor that combines the function for flood control, ecological green landscape, tourist and scenery. The proposed corridor component serves the purpose of improved flood control and recreational scenic road is the initiative inseparable part of the ecological and economic belt. The corridor is of significant and will play extraordinary role in urbanisation, flood control and disaster alleviation, ecological improvement, transportation improvement. It fits to Hunan's national economic and development plan.

1.5.2 Necessity of PC2

The main reasons for the construction of PC2 are: * Further improvement of the catchment, drainage and discharge system to pave the way for betterment of life quality and sustainable development; * Increase the rate of the wastewater treatment to protect the water quality of Liuyang and Xiangjiang Rivers. Changsha is one of the key environmental protection cities in China. In recent years, for rapid development of industry and increase of population, the amount of wastewater increased to about 850,000 m3/d. At present, the total treatment capacity of No.1 and No.2 Municipal WWTP is only 3 320,000 m /d. This is far short of the requirement of 'the Policy of Urban Wastewater Treatment and Prevention and Control of Pollution' in which 'the wastewater treatment rate in key cities should be no less than 70%. A large amount of untreated wastewaters are directly discharged into Xiangjiang

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River and Liuyang Rivers, and the river water is severely polluted. The construction of PC2 will increase the wastewater treatment rate in Changsha by about 14 percent, which will greatly reduce the wastewater impact upon Liuyang River.

1.5.3 Necessity of PC3

Project Meets the State and ProvincialPolicies PC3 is a project of processing raw coal and studying, developing, producing and popularising the cleaner coal. It meets the State energy structure policies, and is one of the key projects defined in 'the Implementation Plan of Prevention and Control of Acid Rain and SO2 of Hunan Province. Caters To Atmospheric Quality Improvement Needs Hunan has abundant coal resources. The annual production of raw coal is 22,000,000 tons, of which 50% are of high sulphur and ash content. Burning of these sulphur coal has resulted in heavy pollution of the atmospheric environment and the CZT Area is the centre of acid-rain zone. It ranked number one in China in the 1990s with an acid-rain frequency of over 95%; and according to the monitoring statistics in 2000, the acid-rain frequency was 48.7 - 62.35% and the annual pH average value is 4.77 - 4.91. Serves its Own Needs

The HZCCC is one of the key enterprises in coal cleaning in China, with a production capacity of 2,400,000 t/a. However, the actual annual production is only about 400,000 tons, with most of its capacity left unused. Furthermore, after having been running for over 40 years, some of the equipment is nearly running out of service life and need upgrading.

Cleaner coal techniques are encouraged by the State Energy Industry Policies and this brings an opportunity to the HZCCC. For after years of study on the cleaner coal techniques and exploitation of markets, the HZCCC has been specialised in popularisation and industrialisation of coal cleaning techniques. Construction of this project will increase the competitive power of the enterprise and help boost provincial development.

1.5.4 Necessity of PC4

The logistic service in Hunan is now at it initial stage with small sized service, under-developed when compared to larger potential demand. The Xianing Harbor in Changsha (now under construction) is the only large-sized one providing only waterways transportation service. Although there are also many other small-scale logistic service providers in this region, they provide single way (highway transportation) due to the limitation of geographical locations and financing. The logistic service in the CZT Area is developing in a disorderly and redundant way. There is an urgent need to build an integrated modern logistic centre.

The CZT area has the most centralised and complete industries in Hunan. With opening-up and reform policy, the export-oriented economy is being developed rapidly. At the end of the 20th century, the provincial government put forward the strategic idea of an integrated CZT economy, which aims at developing the CZT area into an integrated ecological, modern urban cluster and a concentration of high and new technological industries, to increase its international competitive power. In the past, although the three cities are geographically close to each other, they made plans for their own development and there was a lack of mutual communication among cities, which led to redundant investment and construction. For this reason, the provincial government worked out the

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CZT Plan of Integrated Industry in 2002, in which the PC4 came into being for its advantaged geogr aphical and traffic location. The construction of PC4, by bringing the processes of production, circulation and sale together, will facilitate the cooperative development of regional economy and sharing of resources, and will be of great importance in improved economic integration. It is crucial to build a large-scale. normative and highly modernised logistic centre according to the present situation in the CZT Area.

1.5.5 Necessity of PC6

Mount Zhaoshan is well known as one of the Eight Most Beautiful Sceneries in Hunan for its abundant cultural relic and elegant landscape. However, for historic reasons, some sight spots have been artificially destroyed or aged naturally. Therefore, construction of this project will repair the natural and cultural landscape, protect the eco-environment and elevate the influence of traditional Hunan culture. The construction of this project is one of the content of 'Master Plan of the Xiangjiang Ecological & Economic Belt'. With the construction of PCI corridor component, the beautiful scenery, the traditional Huxiang cultural and the regional history could be well incorporated in the Xiangjiang ecologic and economic belt. The Zhaoshan scenic area will also add on the landscaping of PCI corridor.

Hence, the construction of PC6 is of great importance and has a logical basis.

1.6 Assessment Objectives, Criteria, Parameters

The HUDP is an important part of the integral CZT regional development program which will benefit to local and provincial economic development. However, the project is located along Xiangjiang River and densely populated urban area with long culture and history, where ecological environment, surrounding communities, cultural and historic interest, and some sensitive points might be impacted during the project construction. According to the Law on Environmental Impact Assessment and the World Bank operational policies (particularly OP 4.01), this environment assessment aims to identify the potential environmental impacts during the construction and operation on basis of field survey, field sampling and monitoring, data collection to obtain a clear understanding of the existing environmental quality background in the project area. The EA then assesses and predicts the potential environmental impacts of the proposed project components by analyzing the proposed project components techniques/processes and pollution sources and modelling, and recommends mitigation measures to minimise the impact and work out environmental management plan. This EA is to provide scientific basis for Govemment and Financing Agencies to make decision. The EA work for the proposed project was undertaken in four steps: (1) Preparatory Work: On the basis of the draft component EAs (and/or component EA TORs for PCI and PC6) prepared by local EA institutes, this work included additional field survey, relevant data collection, investigation and evidence gathering, consultation for the compilation of the EA TOR. (2) Compilation of the EA TOR: Based on the preparatory work and in terms of the characteristics of the project, specialists (including assistance of DRA consultants) compiled the EA TOR, and then submitted it to SEPA for examination. The EA TOR received a replying comment from an EA Assessment Centre under SEPA, who put the EA TOR on record and will review it after the final Component EA reports are submitted and HEPB's approval documents are provided. This is due to a

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very tight timetable for the preparation of HUDP. In the meantime, the English translation of EA TOR was prepared by HEPRI and forwarded to the World Bank. (3) Field Sampling and Monitoring: While preparing the EA TOR and the component EAs, the EA team went to the project sites to conduct sampling, monitoring, public investigation and expert consultation.

(4) Compilation of the EA Report: The EA Report was compiled upon the basis of previous work, during which, the HUDP EA was revised and updated to reflect the advice from DRA and World Bank Missions, as well as design changes in FSRs. The main guidelines for the compilation of the EA Reports were:

* Notice of Strengthening the EA Management Work of the Construction Projects Financed by Loans of International Financial Organizations, issued by SEPA, NPC, Ministry of Finance, and Bank of China; * Technical Guidelines of EA, HJ/T2.1-2.3-93 issued by SEPA; * Technical Guidelines of EA, HJ/T2.4-95 issued by SEPA * Technical Guidelines of EA-for Non-Pollution Ecological Impact), HJ/T19-97 issued by SEPA * Provisional Criteria for Highway Project EA, (JTJO05-96) issued by the Ministry of Communication * The relevant data provided by the cities, city EPBs and design institutes in the pre-feasibility design reports.

1.7 World Bank EA Preparation Requirements

The Environmental Assessment (EA) for this project was based on the following directives and guidance documents (note: n/a means not applicable): * World Bank Operational Directives: o Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01, BP 4.01, GP 4.01) o Natural habitats (OP 4.04, BP 4.04, GP 4.04) o Forestry (OP 4.36, GP 4.36) - n/a o Pest Management (OP 4.09) - n/a o Cultural Property (OPN 11.03) o Indigenous Peoples (OD 4.20) - none in the project area according to RAP o Involuntary Resettlement (OD 4.30) o Safety of Dams (OP 4.37, BP 4.37) - n/a

o Projects in International Waters (OP 7.50, BP 7.50, GP 7.50) - n/a o Projects in Disputed Areas (OP 7.60, BP 7.60, GP 7.60) - n/a * World Bank Environmental Assessment Sourcebooks, Volumes 1-3, Technical Papers 139, 140, and 154. * World Bank Environmental Assessment Updates 1-28, to June 2002.

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* World Bank HUDP Project Aide Memoirs (dated 23 Nov 98. 06-14 May 99, 26 June 99, 17 Nov 99. 9 May 00, 8 July 00, 22 June 02).

* SEPA Standard HJ/T 2.1-2.3, 1993, Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment. 1993-09-18 published. 1994-04-01 in effect. * Class A project determination by World Bank.

1.8 EA Participants

The Hunan Environmental Protection Research Institute (HEPRI), under the Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau (EPB) in Changsha, conducted the Consolidated EA for HUDP. The HEPRI and Hunan University staff that participated in this EA are shown in Table 1-16.

Table 1-16: HUDP EA Staff of HEPRI and Hunan University

Component Name EA Institute Main Compiler

EA fro PC I The Environmental Impact Assessment Centre Zeng Guangming of Hunan University (HUEIAC)

EA for PC 2 Hunan Environmental Protection Research Institute (HEPRI) Liu Zhenyu

EA for PC 3 Hunan Environmental Protection Research Institute (HEPRI) Hu Yunquan

EA for PC 4 Hunan Environmental Protection Research Tang Houren Institute (HEPRI) The Environmental Impact Assessment Centre EA for PC 6 of Hua .niest Zeng Guangming of Hunan_U niversity______

HUDPonsoidatd EA The Environmental Impact Assessment Centre Ce al HUDP Consolidated EA of Hunan University (HUEIAC) Chen Caili

Table 1-17: HUDP EA Staff of HEPRI

Name Title Assignment No. of EA Permit

Chen Caili Senior Engineer Main compiler of CEA, A 27020015

Fu Yunquan Assistant Professor EMP Preparation A 27020006 Peng Cao Engineer Air Impact Assessment A 27020005 Zhao Xianglu Engineer Public Participation A 27020009 Liu Zhengyu Engineer Water Impact Assessment A 27020042

1.9 EA Organisation

The HUDP Consolidated EA (CEA) contains information regarding the entire program to be carried out with funding assistance from the WB, including summary information on the EAs prepared for the

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individual component projects. The CEA includes all important results and conclusions of the component EA reports, but not all of the technical analyses that led to these results and conclusions. Copies of these component EA reports will be available for reference purposes as necessary. Cover of the approvals of component EAs document by HEPB is shown in Figure 1.5.

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 1-30 DRAFr 03/B/Febmary 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Figure 1.1 Maps of China Showing Hunan Province and CZT Region

Xs--\---' -'~ -RUSSIAAtX

KAZAKHSTAN 1

_J ~ ~~~~~~ ~ ~( ~~~~/ \. ~~~~~~~~~~

. >>-> ) ~~~~~MONGOL,IAS < etB u

~~AFG Wa C ~~~~~ d IM1 ~ ~ .I ,. -- AX,+- ' 9 ,J _ _ 2R' S

t ) .i NIPAL A' C s Cry' f ' ts-

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Chin

Luzon

PHILIPPINES

03CB Febran,r 2004 I I

i

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Figure 1.2 CZT Region Map Showing Locations of HUDP Component Projects

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Figure 1.3 Maps of CZT Region Showing Drinking Water Source Protection Zones

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Consolidated Environmental Assessment 1-35 DRAFr 03/B/Febrttar 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

2 Description of the Proposed Project

2.1 HUDP Project Components

2.1.1 Component Summary

The HUDP proposed the following priority investments:

* PCI - The Corridor Component, to improve flood control measures and develop recreational (scenic) roads on/along the embankment, in four selected sections of the three municipalities. * PC2 - The Changsha Wastewater Component, to increase the percentage of sewage treated in the urban areas of the municipality, and to develop the Changsha Municipal Drainage Company (CMDC) into an autonomous public utility operating on commercial principles. * PC3 - The Zhuzhou Clean Coal Component, to reduce air pollution through the production and sale of low sulphur coal and ensuring its use. * PC4 - The CZT Logistics Centre Component, to better utilise Zhuzhou's locational advantages as a major transport hub and to create employment opportunities. * PC5 - Xiangtan No. 4 Bridge Component, to provide for a continued smooth flow of traffic across the Xiangjiang River in Xiangtan in the medium term. (The Xiangtan No.4 Bridge Component has been removed from the Project) * PC6 - Zhaoshan Scenic Area Component, to conserve and improve the surroundings of eight old temples and historic relics, old trees and plantations, and supporting infrastructure for visitors. In addition to the physical works, the project will promote and facilitate institutional and financial reforms in wastewater and solid waste management sub-sectors. In order to support these reforms, the project will also provide technical assistance for capacity building within the various project implementing and operating entities.

All the sewerage schemes will involve both the interception of existing combined sewage or industrial wastewater outfalls and provision of first wastewater collection in more recently developed areas of the cities. Wastewater will be conveyed to WWTPs and will make a major contribution to control of water pollution in Hunan Province.

2.1.2 Functional Planning of CZT Corridor

The Xiangjiang Ecological and Economic Belt (EEB) consists of CZT sections of Xiangjiang River and its river shore, about 649 square km in total. It starts at Kongzhou Island in the south to Yueliangdao in the north, and is planned for protecting and enhancing the regional eco-environment, optimising the landscape and scenery as well as developing the economy. Via analyses of regional status, conditions, characteristics and situation, the function of the EEB can be classified as that of an ecological green valley, of a scenic necklace and of an economic corridor. Figure 2.1 provides a map of the Ecologic and Economic Belt as outlined in the EEB Master Plan. (Note that all figures are located at the end of the chapter.)

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 2-1 DRAFT 03MB/February 2004 Hunan Uirban Mott MacDonald De-elopment Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Figure 2.1 Map Of The Ecologic and Economic Belt As Outlined In The EEB Master Plan.

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According to the layout of the corridor and land usage. the land was divided into residential field. municipal infrastructure field, storage field, public building field, industrial field, special field, cultural relic field, public grass field, forest park. woodland, farmland and agricultural gardening, towns construction field, village residential field, communication field, island field and rivers and lakes. Table 2-1 provides a summary of ecological and economic belt land use planning:

Table 2-1 Planning of Land Usage No. Category of Land Usage Amount (ha) Percentage (%) I Residential Field 4441 9.47 2 Municipal Infrastructure Field 667 1.42 3 Public Building Field 2409 5.14 4 Storage Field 365 0.78 5 Special Field 215 0.46 6 Cultural Relic Field 5 0.01 7 Public Grass Field 9418 20.08 8 Forest Park 2131 4.54 9 Woodland 6292 13.42 10 Industrial Field 1090 2.32 11 Farmland and Agricultural Gardening 5478 11.68 12 Towns Construction Field 570 1.22 13 Village Residential Field 404 0.86 14 Communication Field 1259 2.70 15 Island Field 1310 2.80 16 Rivers and Lakes 10832 23.10 Total 46886 100.00

2.1.3 Related Projects

Figure 2.2 shows a diagram of the CZT project area with a number of "linked local projects" that are being built with local funding, but having a direct effect on the HUDP component projects. Most of these projects affect the PC1 corridor project. The HUDP EA has not analysed these projects in any detail, but the HUDP RAP has provided a framework for dealing with relocation according to national laws and regulations. These projects also have some direct cumulative impact with the HUDP project, especially in the area of relocation. Table 2-2 provides a listing of these projects:

Table 2-2 List of Potential Linked Local Projects Map Description Ltr. A: North Changsha Dam construction project: lower reach of Changsha, planned to upgrade the water level for dry season, particularly for navigation and water supply. B: Scenic Project North of Houzhishi Bridge: Just North of starting point of Changsha section of PC 1. C: Railway decommissioning: parallel to PCI Changsha section, close to starting point. D: Urban Road Construction / repairing: Both for Xiangtan and Zhuzhou, The total ingress and egress roads for PCI accounted to be 79 places. Some locations will be particularly linked. E: Widening for National Highway 107 Zhaoshan Section: connected to PCI scenic road in Zhaoshan. F: Increase the level for National Highway 107 Flood Control in Zhaoshan Section: May be required for urban development to reach 100-year standards. G: A Bridge Rebuilt for Crossover the Side Stream along National Parallel to Highway 107 in Zhaoshan section of PC I. H: Xiangtan No. 4 Bridge: It was HUDP component PC5, and traffic implications to scenic road. 1: Scenic and Greening Construction in Xiangtan Section Locally Invested: J: Xiangtan City Urban Development: and/or urban rehabilitation.

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 2-2 DRAFr 03/B/Februarv 2004 Hunan Urban Mout MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Map Description Ltr.

K: Scenic Area of Yangtian Lake Project: located in south of Zhaoshan, within Great Zhaoshan Area, connected to PCI scenic road as well. L: Xiangjiang River Widening Project in South Xiangtan. M: Road Construction Project in Zhuzhou Starting Point: New road connected to Xiangyun Road. N: Public Space Construction in Zhuzhou No. I Bridge: New construction for a public square, access roads, etc. 0: Zhuzhou High-Tech Park: PC I Zhuzhou section connected with this area in West bank of the Xiangjiang River. P: China Inland Waterway Project Zhuzhou Complex: On-going WB project, Dam, hydropower, etc. Q: Zhuzhou City Urban Development close to PC3 Clean Coal and PC4 Logistic Centre: and/or urban rehabilitation, particular local road connected to PC3 Clean Coal and PC4 Logistic Centre. R: Flooding Control Embankment Construction: closed to WWTP of PC2 in Liuyang River. S: Changsha City Urban Development Construction in Changshanyuan Area: Same place of service area (WW collection pipeline network) of PC2. Of particular note is the World Bank funded Waterways II hydroelectric dam being constructed upstream of Zhuzhou, at the southern end of the Zhuzhou PCI corridor sub-project. The Waterways II project has also improved navigation in the Zhuzhou and Xiangtan region through dredging and improved boat facilities within the PC1 corridor area, and the south end of the PCI Zhuzhou corridor connects to roads being constructed for this project.

2.2 Project Development

A major focus of the HUDP from the onset was the economic integration of the three CZT cities, and sustainable and integrated economic and environmental planning. Several planning studies for the CZT region have stressed the importance of improved environmental and other infrastructure in meeting the provincial sustainable development goals including the following:

* China City Development Strategies Final Report: Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan, Chreod, 2002. * International Consultation on Concept Plan for Ecology & Economic Belt in Xiangjiang River, LOBERMEYER PLANEN+BERATEN, 2001. * Master Plan on Xiangjiang River Ecology & Economic Belt Development, China Urban Planning Design Institute, 2002. Components of the proposed project were determined based on discussions between Hunan Province and a number of Bank missions during 2002. Hunan Province has since confirmed these components after further discussions with the three municipalities, with various provincial agencies, and with the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC).

2.2.1 World Bank Water Resources Principles

Table 2-3 provides an outline of generic principles and issues followed by the World Bank in the development and assessment of water resources needs and projects.

Table 2-3: World Bank Water Resources Management Principles and Issues

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 2-3 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Figure 2.2 Diagram Of The CZT Project Area Showing "Linked Local Projects"

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Principles Issues Potential Tools Development shall be based on a Devlopen Water conservation QuanatitModern technologyobjectivesI sustainable use of resources. Recycling and reuse Quality objectives W'ater as a social and economic _ Tariffs good with value conisistenit with its Pricing of water Incentives most valuable potential use. Subsidies Water management at the lowest Decentralisation appropriate levels. Private sector involvement Institutional strengthening Autonomy to institutions Supply driven development Investment capital/planning Governments shlla Demand driven development Pub.c awareness enabl role.IDmanddrivndeelopensIng Resource protection Environmental standards Monitoring and enforcement River basin authorities Water management shall be based Catchment committees on a holistic approach Conflict resolution Management data and information systems

2.2.2 Final Component Selection and EA Categorisation

The World Bank and Hunan Province worked closely during 2001-2002 to identify an array of potential project components, and to develop a list of ready component based on a variety of criteria, including readiness to proceed. The six candidate components emerged from this process, although PC5 subsequently was funded by local funds in Xiangtan.

During this time, preliminary environmental review of the proposed HUDP projects indicated that the impacts were potentially widespread and far-reaching, and that resettlement was significant. As such, the HUDP was classified as a Category A project for World Bank EA preparation. However, most impacts - such as those on flood control, sewage collection and treatment, coal washing, and historic preservation - are positive, and those that are negative are reversible. It should be noted that the project components are widely dispersed, land requirements are expected to be modest, and any negative impacts of the project on the environment to be minimal and mainly temporary.

2.2.3 Role of the HUDP Project in Achieving Provincial Objectives

The five components of the proposed CZT Urban Development Project are located in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan cities, which are at the middle and lower reaches of Xiangjiang River. The layout of the three cites resembles a triangle with Xiangjiang River connecting the cities. The distance between the three cities is within 50km. The region is an outstanding urban cluster in central China. With economic globalisation, a tentative plan for economic integration of Chang-Zhu-Tan was proposed and was included as one of the plans in China's tenth five-year development program.

To foster CZT integration, a department was set up by Hunan Provincial Government that is responsible for the implementation of actions related to CZT economic integration. "A Chang-Zhu- Tan Urban Cluster Regional Plan" was prepared, which include the core contexts of: conserving the region's ecology, combating with environmental pollution, consummating the distribution of cities and towns, expanding spaces of urban area, grouping of industry, optimizing transportation system, establishing logistic platform for material exchange and improving energy structure, etc.

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 2-4 DRAFr 01/B/Februa,n 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

The proposed CZT HUDP project includes components relating to energy, transportation, flood control, tourism, urban wastewater treatment and ecological improvement. It will result in improvement of urban environment quality, water quality in Xiangjiang River, landscape ecology, the reduction of air pollution, the enhancement of flood control and the promotion of tourism development. The HUDP is an integral strategy in implementing the CZT regional plan.

2.3 Details of Hunan HUDP Component Projects

The CEA is based on the FSRs and design details that have been prepared as of January 2004. Some of the component EA reports had been based on earlier designs and have been amended as necessary. There may be ongoing refinement and optimisation of some of the project features, but these should not affect the results of the EA to any great extent. Any major reconfiguration of the component projects could result in an amended EA and/or addendum report.

2.3.1 PC1, Corridor Component

The proposed project aims to greatly strengthen the flood prevention capability of the CZT ecological corridor, and to improve the present eco-environment, to develop the integrated economy and facilitate the development of tourism, and ecologically improve the regional economy and people's life quality. The current flood control system differs greatly between urban and rural areas in the ecological corridor. The flood-control infrastructure is still weak, even absent, in the rural areas along the Xiangjiang River.

This component is described along the river as four sections: Zhuzhou, urban areas of Xiangtan, Zhaoshan of Xiangtan and Changsha, with total length of about 72.38 km:

Zhuzhou

This section is 33.02 km long at western side of Xiangjiang. It starts at Kongzhoudao Navigation Complex, passing through Leidashi to Xiangjiang Bridge, and ends at 400m downstream of Shifeng Bridge. The project client is the Zhuzhou Municipal Urban Development Investment Corporation.

Figure 2.3 shows the location of the Zhuzhou section of the component project, Figures 2.4 shows some photos of the Zhuzhou subproject area.

Xiangtan

This section in on the eastern side of Xiangjiang River with total length of 11.38 km. It starts at 800m of upper reach of Xiangjiang No.1 Bridge, passing through Yangqiugang, Shuangfuchun and Fengtouling and ends at K8+000, Tan-Shao expressway. The project client for this section is the Xiangtan Municipal Urban Development Investment Corporation. On the south end of the Xiangtan section, the City is constructing a locally-funded end section called Shaoyaogang River widening which include a sub-section starting from Shi-Zhuinao to Shaoyaogang. The initial sub-section is 1600 m long, 530 m wide in average, minimum width of 380 m and is to be widened by 130 m wide and 6 m deep.

Figure 2.5 shows the location of the Xiangtan section of the component project. Figures 2.6 shows some photos of the Xiangtan subproject area and details of some sub-section are shown in Figure 6.3.

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 2-5 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 flunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Plannine Commission

Figure 2.3 Location Of The Zhuzhou PC I Section Of The Component Project,

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Zhaoshani

This section is on the eastern side of Xiangjiang River with total length of 6.25 km. It starts at K8+000. Tan-Shao Expressway. passing though Lake Yanatian, Jinjiang Dyke, Zhaoshanwan, South entrance to 107 State Road in Yijiawan. The project client for this section is the Xiangtan Zhaoshan Tourist Trade Development Corporation.

Figure 2.7 shows the location of the Zhaoshan section of the component project. Figures 2.8 shows some photos of the Zhaoshan subproject area and some details are shown in Figure 6.2.

Chanigsha

This section is on the eastern side of Xiangjiang River with total length of 21.73 km. It starts at the end of Zhaoshan section, passing through Nantuoyuan, Jiefangyuan, end at Houzishi Bridge. The project client for this section is the Changsha Municipal Urban Investment Development Corporation.

Figure 2.9 shows the location of the Charigsha section of the component project, and Figures 2.10 shows some photos of the Changsha subproject area.

Table 2-4 provides the main contents of PCI Corridor:

Table 2-4 Main Construction Items of PC 1 Serial No. Name of Item Unit Quantities Changsha Zhaoshan Xiangtan Zhuzho Remarks Section Section Section Section Existing Embankment km 23.90 5.80 4.03 21.75 Length Protected Area km: 28.07 14.67 16.13 51.74 B asic Protected Population 10,000 4.62 6.57 9.43 5.07 A total Conditions______personsAtoa Of Flood Gross Output Value of lOOmillion 12.17 13.03 57.35 6.79 length of I Cofitrol Industry and Agriculture yuan Xiangtan Protection Fixed Assets lOOrfillion 23.26 24.74 113.55 13.05 21.73km. Area yuan 21_73___ Existing Status of Flood year 20-30 10-30 30-50 10-30 Control ya 03 03 05 03 Existing Status of year 5 3 3 5 Drainage Design Level Year year 2010 2010 2010 2010 Flood Control Standard year 50-100 50 100 50-100 Waterlogging Treatment ya 01 01 Standard year 10 10 10 10 Design ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Suburb Stanidard grade 3 3 3 3 aount Road Standard IAreas Secondary Secondar Main grade Main y Main Urban Road I Road I Area 3 Enginieering (1) Road Works Constructio Road Length km 21.73 6.25 11.38 33.07 n Content Access junctions place 13 11 13 42 Works on access junctions km 2.40 0.24 1.00 0.80 _Pavement m 255158 58420 169573 502584

Conisolidated Environmental Assessment 2-6 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Serial No. Name of Item Unit Quantities Changsha Zhaoshan Xiangtan Zhuzho Remarks Section Section Section Section Traffic Facilities km 21.73 6.25 11.38 33.02

Bridge m 1400 380 2040 1015 _ Culvert m/ place 4 1 14 4 (2) Flood Control Works Embankment raising and km 21.73 6.25 5.30 18.52 strengthening k27 62 5315 Newly-built Embankment km 3.00 1.35 1.00 4.00 Embankment Grouting km 3.79 2.35 0.80 8.58 Embankment Foundation km 3.78 0.55 0.80 7.61 Treatment k37_____61 Elongated Sluice seat 27 5 4 22 (New) Rebuilding of seat 8 1 0 8 Sluice Installed Capacity of piece/kw 28/4600 11/3430 6/3430 16/3030 Electric Drainage Station p Consolidation of Flood- piece/km 6/23.3 1/14.1 1/2.08 1/2.8 relieving Canal Side slope Protection, toe km 21.73 6.25 1.60 10.53 ______wall (3) Landscape Project Afforestation Area 10,000m 40.40 31.20 40.00 60.00 Human Culture Spot place 9 4 4 9 (4) Settlement 3 . Relocated Population person 1902 803 1153 2521 o Houses/building 2 m 142315 37258 63738 180002 demolition Land Occupation by mu 3192 886 743 2793 Excavation and Rolling m Earth and 4 Rock Works 10,000m3 50.39 14.18 18.38 13.35 Excavation Earthwork 10,000m 3 316.42 96.73 82.67 355.86

Mortar 10,000m3 3.31 1.04 0.57 5.72 u Rubble,

CL Materi-al 10,000m3 3.88 0.53 0.12 1.12 E Riprap 10,OOOm 1.50 0.60 0.15 2.25 a Slope 3 ~X Protection 10,000m 4.40 1.04 0.78 6.50 t cX Concrete C15 CID ClIO Cushion 3 ConeS Creteon m 952.20 471.10 oConcrete 388.15 1916.6 3 am C20 Concrete 10,000m 2.25 0.91 1.12 1.43 3 t_ r C25 Concrete m 2587.80 813.00 476.10 1206.5

>; Steel Bar t 1146.5 622.10 842.80 1097.6 o Steel ° Products t 167.1 28.2 109.3 95.4 , r ~~~Products - Embankmenruti 10,000m 1.09 0.60 0.22 3.64 17 ~ ~ Grouting I______

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 2-7 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Serial No. Name of Item Unit Quantities Changsha Zhaoshan Xiangtan Zhuzho Remarks Section Section Section Section -I Embainkment Foundation 10.000m 5.00 0.44 0.98 4.19 Grouti ng

Protection 10,000m 2 117.12 44.44 13.93 31.00 Earth and Rock 10,000m3 0.00 0.00 19.19 55.28 Excavation Eartc orkl 10,000m3 0.00 0.00 5.69 8.11

Subgrade 10 000m3 3.00 0.60 5.00 4.40 Q~ Protection Pavement 10,000m 25.52 5.84 16.96 50.26 0r Drainage 10,000m 1.30 0.50 3.30 2.80 ~X Bridge m- 1400 380 2040 1015 Culvert seat 4 1 14 4 Works on access km 2.40 0.24 1.00 0.80 ctions ra-ccessplc ______junctionsplace 13 11 13 42 _ ~~~~~~~junctionsIIII

The extent of inundation of these catchment areas during 1/50 and 1/100 year flood events is to be mapped along with the areas adjacent to the river. Detailed digital maps of the flooded areas, with and without the project, are currently being prepared. Figures 2.11 and 2.12 provide preliminary small- scale maps of the flooded areas, with and without the project. At this scale, it is difficult to assess if any areas on the islands or opposite banks are negatively impacted by the construction of the PCI component.

Drainage Channels

Gravity flow and pumped drainage is common due to the extended periods of high water in the flood season. The drainage channels (flood relief canals) that are included in the project are relatively major channels compared with the many minor drains serving land adjacent to the embankments. The drainage channels have a total length of 21 km and convey floodwater to the river from inland catchment areas totalling 107 km2 . Over the years their capacity has become reduced due to siltation of the bed. There are reported to be a total of nine drainage channels: 3 in Jiefang polder, 3 in Nantuo polder, and one each in Zhaoshan, Xiangtan and Zhuzhou. Figure 2.13 shows photos of some of these channels.

In one or more cases there are flood detention reservoirs in the drainage catchment areas. These are equipped with pumping stations discharging into the flood relief channels. The number, location and details of detention reservoirs are not yet clear.

The extent of proposed works included in the project and associated with these flood relief channels is not yet clear. It is not yet clear how many of the channels require more than dredging of sediment and

Conisolidated Environmental Assessment 2-8 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

raising and strengthening embankments. Preliminary indications are that five of the channels are subject to more extensive engineering designs and civil works.

Outline drawings of eight selected channels that will be excavated and/or dredged are being finalised and reviewed. At the preliminary design stage these drawings will be completed with further cross sections and channel long sections. It is noted that the discharge capacities range from 7.85 to 102.0 3 m /s and that the channels are concrete lined. The sluice structures and outfall arrangements at the riverbank are being checked for exit velocities and energy dissipation under worst conditions of low river water level and design discharge.

Sluices

Proposals and costs for modifying large sluice structures with bridge decks for increased freeboard and road width are currently being prepared. Sample designs will be included with the preliminary designs. The sluice structures are being checked for seepage under worst conditions of head difference for the proposed flood control standard. It is understood that standard designs of structures will be adopted where new sluices are proposed. However the upstream and downstream transitions will need to be adapted at each site.

Pumping Stations

Increases in pumping capacity are proposed to improve the standard of drainage and to replace old machinery. Standard designs will be used for the proposed pumping stations. However the upstream and downstream transitions will need to be adapted at each site. It is noted that the pumps deliver water into concrete box culverts that pass through the embankment that are equipped with lift gates at the outlets. It is assumed that the full head of water under extreme flood conditions will be transmitted to the far end wall of the culvert. The provision of adequate resistance to the resulting thrust will require careful consideration particularly for the largest number of pumps.

A total of 39 pumping stations are outlined in the FSR, but the exact number is still under review. A total of 19 pumping stations will be replaced and enlarged. The condition and status of the balance of 20 pumping stations does not appear to be reported.

Access Junctions

In the revised FSR, there is no description for access and egress and no basic criteria have been stated. There is currently in preparation a summary table with details of each planned/existing access road, which includes the following:

* The name and location (in terms of drainage) of the access road; * Description of how the access road connects to the large highway network; * Existing (or planned if the connection is not yet present) standard and quality of the road; and

* Plans for construction/upgrading including a tentative time-line and source of financing. However, in areas with crisscross village roads, which affect traffic safety due to excessive density of minor crossings, it may be appropriate to combine several small crossings into a major crossing based on further investigations for existing access together with their relations with local roads. At-grade intersections will be laid out at locations providing an adequate sight distances, and village roads being crossed shall be provided with level sections in addition to pavements identical with those

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 2-9 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

required for the scenic road. Consideration is beinLg given to discourage high-speed commuter or freight traffic access to the scenic road. The prediction of the likely agricultural traffic is being considered.

2.3.2 PC2, Changsha Wastewater Component

The present drainage facilities in Changsha are not keeping pace with the urban development. The drinking water sources are severely polluted by large quantities of wastewater being directly discharged into Xiangjiang and Liuyang River without treatment. For the realisation of sustainable development and to foster the economic growth of Changsha City, the construction of wastewater infrastructure is important. The government of all levels have attached great importance to this problem by putting forward the proposals of constructing WWTPs and setting the objective of wastewater treatment rate no less than 70%.

The project area for the HUDP wastewater component is limited to the Changshanyuan catchment area of Changsha, which forms one of seven drainage zones in the He Dong (East Bank) area of the Changsha urban area. The area of the Changshanyuan drainage zone is about 18 km2 out of the total planned urban area of the city in 2020 of 367 km2 . Figure 2.14 provides locations of the seven drainage zones in Changsha and existing and proposed WWTPs.

Table 2-5 provides the plan for WWTPs in East Bank area of the Changsha urban area.

Table 2-5 Plan for WWTPs in East Bank Area of the Changsha Urban Area

WWTPName ~Catchment Population WWTP Name Area (Km 2) To Be Served Districts To Be Served Status Area ~(Million) Old districts, Bianhe district, No. I WWTP 22.96 0.3967 Jingxia Development zone, In operation Shifangpin district No.2 WWTP 12.44 0.2280 Yaoxiang district, Provincial In operation Government district, Martyrs Park No.3 WWTP 23.16 0.1628 Xinkaipu district, Heishipu district Project preparation Jinwan district, Shimapu district, Huaqiao WWTP 84.85 0.4747 Chigang district, Beicong district, Project preparation Dongjin district, Botanic garden, Fengshuba district, Watang district New Centuary Provincial Broadcast Television WWTP Cultural 16.45 0.04 Centre, World Window, Integrated / Area WWTP Farm Changshanyuan 17.43 0.2052 Changshanyuan, (HUDP PC2 WWTP Zhuojiatang,Xianghu Fish Farm component) Provincial Academy of Social Shifangpin WWTP 5.16 0.062 Science, HNTV Station, / Jiangjialong district TOTAL 182.45 1.5636

The Changshanyuan drainage zone is bounded in the north and north-east by the Liuyang River (a tributary of the Xiangjiang), in the south-east by the River, in the south by Shiba Road and in the west by Chezhan Road. It is relatively planar with a slight gradient falling from south to north and ground level varying between 34.00 m and 3 1.00 m above datum.

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 2-10 DRAFr 01/13/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

The area is protected by the Changshanyuan flood embankment, which has a crest level of 38.00 m above datum. The WWTP site requires additional flood protection. The CMDC committed to do survey of the existing flood control level of WWTP site to see if it meets the flood event once in 20 years (provisions of Ministry of Construction). If the existing WWTP site floods control level is lower than 1/20 year, the local government will use local funding to improve the flood control level of the flood-relief channel nearby the WWTP. The Jing-Guang (main) railway runs on a north/south axis towards the west. Figure 2.15 shows the detailed site location of the PC2 component project along with the original site, and Figure 2.16 shows some photos of the site.

The total population of the Changsha urban area in 1999 was 1.7 million. The population of the Changshanyuan drainage zone is planned to be 205,000 in 2010. By 2010, the predicted wastewater flow from these seven areas will be 564,000 m3/day with a serviced population of 1.56 million. Two of the drainage zones already have wastewater treatment works constructed as shown in Table 2-6:

Table 2-6 Existing WWTPs in Changsha

Name of WWTP Nominal Capacity Area Served (m3/day)

No 1 60,000/180,000* Old City area, Bianhe, etc

No 2 140,000 Yuexiang area, etc

*Extension of No I WWTP is under construction to bring the capacity up from 60,000 to 180,000 m3 Jday

Construction of WWTP No 3, Huaqiao WWTP and WWTP No. 1 extension (including capacity to treat flows from Sifanping area) have been authorised. This implies a departure from the City Wastewater Master Plan as far as treatment of flow from Sifanping area is concerned. This flow will now be transferred to WWTP No.1 for treatment, which seems a logical development in view of the proximity of the two WVOVTP locations. By 2010, it is expected that the situation on the East Bank area of the city will be modified as shown in Table 2-7;

Table 2-7 WWTPs in Changsha by 2010

Name Of WWTP Nominal Capacity Area Served And Expected (m3tDay) Wastewater Flow At 2010 Old City area, Bianhe, etc (221,OOOm'/day) No 1 180,000 Sifanping area (31,000 m3/day) No 2 140,000 Yuexiang area, etc (140,000 m`/day) No 3 100,000 Xinkaipu, Heshipu, etc (91,000 m3/day) Huaqiao 260,000 Guitang, Shimapu, etc (264,000 m3 /day) Changshanyuan 120,000 Changshanyuan (114,000 m'/day) No provision New Century area (22,000 m'/day) The No. 1 WWTP may be under capacity by about 72,000 m3/day by 2010. In the longer term, it is planned that the No. 2 WVVTP will be decommissioned and the flow transferred to the Changshanyuan WWTP. The No. 2 WWTP is located in a downtown area and is reported to be ,seriously affecting the surrounding environment and restricting development in the area'. Provision is therefore being made to allow for extension of Changshanyuan WWTP by 200,000 m3/day to accommodate the transferred flow of 140,000 m3 /day from WWTP No. 2 and an unspecified additional 60,000 m3/day. This extension is planned for the period 2010 to 2020.

The collection network in Changshanyuan area is partially constructed. There are three sub- catchments as follows:

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 2-11 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

* Central area (approx. 14.5 km2) * Dongtundu (approx. 1.5 km2) * Tingzigan (approx. 2.6 km2) Approximately 17.7 km of primary sewer pipelines have already been laid in Changshanyuan area. Connectivity to the existing primary network in the area is thought to be quite high. Recent flow monitoring indicates that a total of 91.200 m3/day of wastewater is being discharged to the existing network. Currently all sewage collected is discharged untreated to the Liuyang river or its tributary, the Guitang River. Most of the time the collected wastewater is discharged by gravity but when the river level is high, sluice gates are closed and the wastewater is pumped by one of the four existing drainage pumping stations in the area. Changshanyuan is a rapidly developing area with a current permanent population of 115,400, which is expected to grow to 205,200 by 2010.

The need for a comprehensive primary collection network and centralised wastewater treatment facility for this area of Changsha city is apparent to meet the objectives of the City Master Plan as well as national and CMG's water quality objectives. To meet the needs of Changshanyuan area wastewater collection, treatment and disposal, the procurement of two principal sub-components is proposed:

* Centralised YvWTP with treated effluent disposal to the Liuyang River; * Completion of the primary collection system in the service area and infrastructure for transfer of intercepted flow to the WWTP and disposal of excess stormwater. The WWTP was originally to be located in the north of the Changshanyuan service area but the site was determined to be unsuitable and an alternative site extending to 11 hectares has been designated outside the service area on the east bank of the Liuyang River in an area known as Xilong Village. The proposed WWTP will be designed to provide secondary treatment meeting Category B Grade I effluent standards to GB18918 -2002. The capacity is set at 120,000 m3/d designed to cater for flows from the Changshanyuan catchment up to 2010. Provision will be made for extension of the WWTP to a total capacity of 320,000 m3/d in the second phase from 2010 to 2020.

The proposed process will include preliminary treatment (coarse and fine screening and grit removal), extended aeration using the process known as 'A 2 0' followed by disinfection (chlorination) although the need for disinfection has yet to be fully determined. Discharge will be to the Liuyang River adjacent to the WWTP. Sludge treatment will include thickening, anaerobic digestion, dewatering and disposal of stabilised sludge to landfill. The location map of Heimifeng Sanitary Landfill Site is shown in Figure 5.2.

Normal ancillary buildings in accordance with CJJ31-89 are proposed for the WWTP and site works including internal access roads and landscaping will complete the scope of works. The proposed main sub-components of the wastewater collection network are summarised as follows:

* Approximately 36.3 km of combined sewer pipes and culverts ranging in size from 1.000mm pipelines to twin 8.0 m wide x 2.9 m deep box culverts to complete the primary wastewater collection network in the Changshanyuan catchment area; * Three combined sewer overflows (CSOs) to allow excess flow during heavy rainstorms to be separated from the flow to treatment stream; * Three storm water pumping stations to lift excess stormwater overflowing from the CSOs to discharge into the Liuyang river with peak capacities as follows:

consolidated Environmental Assessment 2-12 DRAFr 03/B/Febmary 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

o Central Area PS 46.0 m3/s with a lift of 7.6 m o Dongtundu PS 12.0 m3/s with a lift of 7.0 m La Tingzigan PS 13.6 m3/s with a lift of 7.0 m

* Approximately 5.3 km of gravity flow sewers ranging in size from 800mm to 1,800mm diameter to transfer intercepted wastewater from the CSOs to a transfer pumping station; * A transfer pumping station of unspecified capacity and head to transfer intercepted flow to treatment to the WWTP. (The pumping station may be adjacent to or part of the Central Area stormwater pumping station.) * A pumping main of 1,800mm diameter, 1,600m long to transfer the intercepted wastewater flow from the transfer pumping station to the WWTP with a twin 1,200 mm diameter river crossing 450m long. The main contexts of the sewerage system are shown in Table 2-8:

Figure 2.17 provide the layout of wastewater collection network

Table 2-8 Main Contexts of PC2 Sewerage System

Names Specs(mm) Quantity (m) Structure Excavation Depth in (mn) d2400 660 4 d2200 1000 4 d2000 11318 4 d1800 760 4 Combined Drainage Pipes dlSOO 9475 Concrete 3.5 d1200 1910 3.5 d1000 2070 3.5 d800 2376 3.5 Total 29568 2400x2000 530 4 2800x2000 1060 4 3000x2000 525 4 3200x2000 411 4 3600x2200 1050 Concrete 4 3800x4500 360 4 Concrete Culvert 3500x2000 1365 4 3600x2400 425 4 6500x2500 480 4 2800x2200 790 4 3500x2500 412 4 8000x2900 2992 4 Total 10400 d1800 100 5 d1200 4172 5 Interception Drainage Pipes dlOOO 1108 Concrete 4 d800 667 4 Total 6047 DN1800 2195 2-3 Lifting Pipes DN1200 2x430 Steel Tube Cross-river Depth: 3.5m Total 3055 Total 48900 Central Pump Station 4601OUs Rainwater: 4480Kw

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 2-13 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunian Urhban Mott MacDonald Devclopment Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Names Specs(mni) Quantity (m) Structure Excavation Depth in (m) 178,000t/d Wastewater: 1295Kw Tiungzigan v Pump Station 13600 [ls / 1480Kw Dongtundu Pump Station 12050 LUs / 1480KW TIhc N\VW\NTP capacities in 2010 are listed in Table 2-9:

Table 2-9 Changsha WWTP Capacities in 2010 Wastewater to be treated Required Capacities Names (104 m3 /d) (104m3 /d) No. I WWTP (phase II) 4.09 4 No.3 WWTP 9.06 10 Huaqiao WWTP 26.44 26 New Century WWTP 2.23 2 Changshanyuan WWTP 11.42 12 Sifangping WWTP 3.13 3 Total 56.37 57

The project Huaqiao and No.3 WWTPs have been initiated separately and are not included in this project (PC2 of HUDP). The New Century WW'TP, with limited client population and treatment capacity (20,000 cubic meters per day), will be merged into Phase II of this project. Since the No. 2 WWTP is located at the downtown area of Changsha, the Public Facility Administration and Drainage Corp. plan to close it and also direct its wastewater into Phase II of this project.

Investigation On Pollution Sources In Catchment Area

HEPRI conducted an investigation of existing water pollution sources in the catchment area. Monitoring sections were set at the wastewater ditches of the four pump stations. The positions of the monitoring points are shown in Figure 2.18 The results of this monitoring is shown in Table 2-10:

Table 2-10 HEPRI Monitoring Results of PC2 Catchment Pollution Sources

Setio-s Runoff CODc, BOD5 NH -N TP SS As Hg Pb Cr Seci ons mg/L mg/L mg/L3 mg/L mg/L ng/ml ng/ml mgiL mg/L Ting-zi-ang 600 348.8 300 29.7 6.2 132 1.9 0.18 0.03 0.006 Y_aodon_z 2100 154.8 62.5 16.7 2.7 111 1.4 0.26 0.02 0.004 \v'ujiazhou 380 180.8 70.0 14.5 2.0 120 1.2 0.15 0.02 0.004 ulveert 720 161.5 65.5 18.0 1.9 140 1.4 0.20 0.01 0.004

There are 8 street administrative offices in Changshayuan, The population structure is shown in Table 2-11:

Table 2-11 Population Statistics of Changshayuan Area Residents' Committee Village Committee Population Gaoqiao 3 3 12,000 Guitang 7 3 32,000 Heishidu 12 36,000 Wulipai 6 16,000 Huoxing 4 25,000 Mawangdui 3 4 28,000 Dongtundu 4 15.000 Floating Population 25,000 Total 189,000

Conssolidated Environmental Assessment 2-14 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Relative to the water consumption of enterprises, there are no large enterprises in this area, and the main consumers of water are Gaoqiao Market, Mawangdui Market and the Municipal Railway Station. The Hunan Rubber Plant is bankrupt; the only water consumers are its residents. The water consumption structure is shown in Table 2-12:

Table 2-12 Water Consumption Structure of Changsha Enterprises

3 Enterprises Annual consumption (m ) Daily consumption (tons) Gaoqiao Market 1,048,800 2874 Mawangdui Market 684,000 1874 The Railway Station 410.400 1124 The Rubber Plant 191,400 524 Total 2,334,300 6396

The HEPRI consumption data is incomplete, and the total consumption of water was not determined. However, the wastewater discharged by the 4 pump stations is 91,200 m3d; for the drainage pipes in Changshanyuan are all combined pipes and with an estimated water seepage rate at about 15 to 20%, a per capita consumption of 510 m3/d was estimated.

According to the Changsha municipal development plans, the population in Changshayuan catchment area will reach 222,400 in 2010, and in the State Urban Water Supply Plan (GB50282-98), the per capita water consumption takes 600 LUd, and at a discount of 85%, the wastewater amount in 2010 should be 136,000 m3 d.

Analyses Of Quality Of Untreated Wastewater

HEPRI also investigated the main domestic and industrial sewage in the catchment area by on-site monitoring, and the monitoring results are shown in Table 2-13; and collected the water quality data of wastewater which was to be treated in No.1 and No.2 WWTPs (shown in Table 2-14):

Table 2-13 Monitoring Results of Wastewater in Service Area

CODcr BODs NH3 -N TP SS As Hg Pb Cr mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L ng/ml ng/mil mg/L mg/L

189 101 19 3 120 1.4 0.22 0.02 0.004

Table 2-14 Existing Wastewater Quality of Urban Area (annual values in mg/L)

No.1 WWTP No.2 WWTP

2000 2001 2000 2001

CODcr 129.51 112.45 120.12 140.5

BOD5 64.86 62.53 66.56 75.33

NH3-N 4.42 9.79

TP 2.44 2.24

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 2-15 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Dcvelopment Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

The composite wastewaters are easy to be biologically decomposed. And as the content of heavy metals is low, the treatment rate won't be intluenced. According to the investication of the per capita water consumption and monitoring data, the per capita pollution load is:

CODC, 102 g/d

BOD5 55 g/d

NH 3-N 10 g/d

TP 1.6 g/d

In order to take full advantage of environmental protection functions and ensure the wastewater to meet the standard even under some adverse conditions, by taking the actual monitoring data and existing urban sewage data, HEPRI identified the quality of untreated wastewaters under the principle of allowing a safety factor; and by taking relevant cases in the USA and other western developed countries for reference, and adopting the integrated prediction model, predict the per capita pollution load in the Changshanyuan wastewater catchment area.

Table 2-15 summarises HEPRI estimates:

Table 2-15 HEPRI Prediction Results of Per Capita Pollution Load

Year COD BOD NH3-N TP g/d g/d g/d g/d

2003 102 55 10 1.6

2005 120 65 15 1.8

2010 150 75 20 2.0

According to the per capita pollution load results, Table 2-16 provides the HEPRI estimates of untreated wastewater quality:

Table 2-16 HEPRI Prediction Results of Wastewater Quality in mgfL

Year COD,r BOD5 NH3 -N TP

2003 180 100 18 2.8

2005 200 108 25 3.0

2010 250 125 33 3.2

After the implementation of Phase I of PCI, the treatment capacity will be 120,000 cubic meters per day. Based on estimated loadings above, HEPRI estimated the reduction amount of pollutants as shown in Table 2-17:

Table 2-17 HEPRI Estimates of Reduction of Pollutants in Wastewater

Conisolidated Environmental Assessment 2-16 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

CODcr(t/a) BOD5(tla) NH3 -N(t/a) TP(t/a)

Total Amount 10950 5475 1445 140

Reduced Amount 8322 4599 788 75

Discharged Amount 2628 876 657 65

2.3.3 PC3, Zhuzhou Clean Coal Component PC3 entails the construction of a series of coal water mixture and briquette manufacturing plants and the renovation of a coal washing plant in Zhuzhou to provide clean coal products, which will replace the use of raw coal and fuel oil. It will help reduce sulphur dioxide emissions in the CZT region. It is intended to serve as a pilot for other potential projects in the region for the future. Figure 2.19 shows the location of the PC3 component project, Figure 2.20 shows the layout of the PC 3 Component and Figure 2.21 shows some photos of the site.

Figure 2.22 shows the PC3 Coal Refuse Yard.

The monitoring statistics indicate that the CZT atmospheric environment is severely polluted by the buring of coal, and an acid-rain belt has taken shape from Yueyang City southward to City, the highest acid-rain areas in the whole country. Therefore, the emerging CZT needs for cleaner energy and air quality drive the necessity of construction of this project.

As an extension work, this component is to be constructed in the Shanmutang Industrial District of Zhuzhou City, where the project client (Hunan Zhuxi Cleant Coal Co Ltd HZCCC) is located. The proposed component includes following system/workshops:

* Coal preparation system: 1,000,000 t/a * Coal water mixture workshop (CWM) 500,000 t/a (phase I 250,000 t/a) * Coal briquette (CB) workshop 500,000 t/a (phase I 250,000 t/a) According to the signed purchase agreement, there is a demonstrated demand of over 4,440,000 tons per year of cleaner coal. Raw coal is the main production material of the HZCCC. The designed production capacity is 1,800,000 tons per year of coal cleaning, and in 1991 was identified for production of 2,400,000 tons by the Coal Resource Ministry. The combined techniques of jigging and flotation are introduced to produce washed coal and flotation coal. Most of the current production capacity is unused. Furthermore, the devices have aged after running for 40 years. The HZCCC has to find new ways for development.

The exhaust gases mainly come from loading and unloading of raw coal, crusher, and coal cleaning process. The gases consist mainly of coal dust. HZCCC have installed respective control facilities for dust sources, including ventilators and dust catchers, to meet the emission standards. But, due to improper maintenance and long history, the effect of the dust catchers of the coal-unloading pit and No.2 workshop has degraded to a great extent.

A WWTP with a treatment capacity of 360 cubic meters per day has been in operation since 1991 and has operated satisfactorily. Sedimentation and filtration techniques are used and the existing treatment capacity is able to meet the proposed production. The coal refuse produced in the production process is transported out and piled up in the coal refuse yard.

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 2-17 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

2.3.4 PC4, CZT Logistics Centre Component

The implementation agency of' the CZT Logistics Centre Component is the Zhuzhou Yujiaping Railway Transportation Co. Ltd. This company is a financially independent enterprise. The proposed CZT modern loyistic centre is based in existing Yujiaping railway yard of Hunan Zhuzhou Chemical Industry Group Co. Ltd in the north ot' Zhuzhou City. The proposed project component will provide a wvide range of services to local exporters and importers to facilitate their logistics management. including transportation, storage. loading, packing, distribution, and customs processing.

Figure 2.23 shows the location of the PC4 component project and Figure 2.24 shows photo of the PC4 site. Three types of wastewater are identified in the FSR: oil wastewater (from mechanical equipment maintenance workshop), containers washing wastewater and domestic sewage. Different ways to treat these wastewater are recommended: Oil wastewater (from mechanical equipment maintenance and repairing workshops) is designed to be treated in a oil separation tank (v=2.3 m3 ), and then recycled. Container washing wastewater is designed to be treated in two clarify tanks (2.5x1.2x3) and then recycled. Domestic sewage generated from the logistic centre is estimated to be about 150 m3 /d, which is to be collected by a separate sewer system and delivered into Xiawan WWTP. The Xiawan WWTP is about 500 m away from the proposed logistic centre, which started operation in 2003 with designed treatment capacity of 100,000 m3/d. Figure 2.25 shows the selected Wastewater Treatment Plan for PC4.

The project component will be constructed in phases. The first phase mainly involves the construction of modern logistic service, including functional blocks as multi-transport and containers block, modern storage block, distribution service block, office and service block, auxiliary production block, and power block. The Project will have bulk goods capacity of I million tons, including 560,000 tons by railway, 440,000 tons by roads (including 132,000 tons distribution and delivery), and the capacity for international containers is 30,000 standard boxes.

With China's accession to WTO, urban strategic position of CTZ Area increasing. Although the CZT Area is the most economic developed region in Hunan Province with GDP taking up to about 1/3 of the province and completed industrial sectors, convenient railway, highway, expressway and navigation conditions, there is no foreign trade port. The imports and exports of goods still rely on other cities, like and , without tax-protection service. There is no larger-sized modern physical distribution centre which combines highway, railway and waterway together to provide integrated network logistic services in CZT Area. This indicates an urgent need to build an integrated logistic centre and to set up a foreign trade port and a tax-protection zone. This will make the advantage of communication more flexible and practical, push the CZT urbanisation process well ahead, and speed up the integrated development of CZT area, of nearby provinces and even the national economy.

This component is to be located at Yujiapin, Shifeng District, and Zhuzhou City. As a centre, it is designed to provide modern logistic services to CZT urban cluster. The centre will include the following zones:

* Bulk cargo and container zone

Consolidated Environmnental Assessment 2-18 DRAFr 03/s/Febrarx 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

* Modern Storage Zone (including common warehouse, customs supervision warehouse) covering an area of 20,000 m2. * Distribution service zone (including an automatic warehouse) * Office zone (including a e-commercial information centre) * Production auxiliary zone * Power zone

2.3.5 PC 6, Zhaoshan Scenic Area Component

Zhaoshan is a famous, old-line mountain in Hunan Province, which is located at the town of Yijiawan, 20km north of Xiangtan. It's an important infill among the three cities in both waterway and road transportation. The scenic area is a key component of the "General Plan of Development of Xiangjiang Ecological Economic Corridor." For its situation advantages and scenic resources, the construction of this project has far-reaching significance in developing the integrated economy, and protecting and improving the natural ecological environment as well.

The Zhaoshan Tourist and Trade Development Bureau (ZTTDB) are responsible for the Zhaoshan road section and flooding control component (as a part of Xiangtan section of PCI) and Zhaoshan Scenic Area Component (PC6). The PC6 is the focus of social and physical cultural heritage, tourism, education, recreation, landscape, and ecological interests for the three Cities of Changsha, Zhuzhou, and Xiangtan.

Figure 2.26 shows the location of the PC6 component project, Figure 2.27 shows the layout of the PC6 Component and Figure 2.28 shows some photos of the site.

The proposed PC6 project is located beside the Xiangjiang River, which is about 350 -400 meters across and flows calmly for most of the year offering opportunities for fishing, water based activities and sport. The Zhaoshan Mountain has 800 steps and is capped by the Buddhist Monastery begun in the Tang Dynasty 1200 years ago, which gives dramatic views over the river and the surrounding countryside. The mountainous parkland and historic sites give opportunities for culture and recreation all the year round, and will provide rural and ecological interests to the many visitors from the surrounding urban areas.

To the South and outside the project lies the village of Hetang, full of attractive townscape and itself worthy of good control over the style and materials of any new construction, demanded as a result of the boost to the local economy that the increased numbers of future visitors will bring. Further to the South and part of the areas regeneration is a proposed lake beside the Xiangjiang River that will consolidate existing smaller water areas used for fish farming.

To the West of the river and in the surrounding countryside are places or houses associated with famous poets, writers, artists and politicians, such as , Liu Shaoqi, and Qi Baishi etc. The area is steeped in history the archived documentation for which was destroyed in the Cultural Revolution.

To the North of the project site in the Changsha District are further mountains and valleys and lakes, offering similar recreation and exploration. The whole tourist zone potentially measures some 17 km 2. Each of the surrounding areas will to different degrees impact on the visibility and complementary

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 2-19 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission nature of each of the areas. The realisation of this project will provide a significant model for similar sites. their use and presentation fo r the benefit of the public.

T he objectives of the project are to:

* Fulfil the stated intentions of the strategic development plans for the Xiangjiang Ecological and Economic zone, and to improve the quality of life of the people of the three cities; * Complement the other HUDP project components in particular the construction of the Scenic Road, the landscaping and flood protection along the banks of the Xiangjiang River; * Provide the enabling facilities for the development of the many physical and cultural assets of the ZSA; * Interpret and present the historic landscape of the Huxiang culture, * Lay the planning and administrative foundations for the eventual expansion of the ZSA into the other recreational and "provincial park" areas of the Xiangjiang Ecological and Economic zone; * Provide a project that is sustainable that can pay back the loans required, and that is related to the development of the market for education, recreation, sport, and tourism. The Zhaoshan component consists of:

* restoration and renovation of historic sites (including The Temple of Zhaoshan , Liu Qi's House, The Ancient stone Paths, Qiujin's Grave, Hillside of Martyrs, Generals' Ferry, Ridge of Yuefei, Tomb of Huangxin's Two Mothers), the construction of Revolutionary Museum; * Tourist service and infrastructures, and * Other cultural/commercial subjects (including Xiaoxiang Cultural Recreation Garden, JiuQu Huanghe Holiday Village, Huxiang Folk Customs Village, etc. * The scenic area covers an area of 190ha. Main construction activities are summarized in Table 2-18: Table 2-18 Main Construction Contexts of PC6

No Construction item Function Floor area of Remark I Eastern entrance Reception, ticket services, 7159.1 services parking lots 2 Farmhouse Garden Open eco-agricultural display, 9302.1 restaurants 3 JiuQu Huanghe Hotels, restaurants 13561.6 Total area of building Holiday Village of8999m 4 Xiaoxiang Cultural Display culture subject, 4310.5of 82959.9 m Recreation Garden conference centre, leisure 40249.2 m2 to be Huxiang Folk 4292m ob Customs Village Display, show, restaurants 16058.1 restored /renovated, Conferencehotels, centre, 42710.7 m' to be newly 6 Yacht Club Conference centre, hotels, 4321.5 constructed restaurants 7 River shore Recreation, restaurants, scenic 3906.1 recreation facilities overlooks 8 Commercial Retail-sales, restaurants 24340.9 8 services240.

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 2-20 DRAFr 03/B/FebhIsarN 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

2.3.6 Technical Assistance

Table 2-19 gives outline details of the Technical Assistance (TA) packages as discussed between the World Bank and PPMO and DRA Consultant. An indication of the sources of funding is also given. These TA packages will be expanded during the period leading up to Project Appraisal.

The following list gives outline details of the Technical Assistance (TA) packages as discussed between the World Bank, PPMO and DRA Consultant. An indication of the sources of funding is also given.

Table 2-19 HUDP - Draft List Of Technical Assistance Packages TA PC Ref Content Owner Funding Ref TAI PC1, PC2, Capacity Building for companies Component WB loan PC3, PC6 (Financial and management strengthening).

TA2 PC1, PC2, Design Review and Construction Component WB loan PC3, PC6 Management

TA3.1 PC 3 Capacity Building for Monitoring Component WB loan or and Enforcement of Environmental Bilateral Regulations. grant

TA3.2 PC3 Developing Private Participation in Component Bilateral Clean Coal Markets grant TA4 PC4 Strategy for Private Sector Component Bilateral Participation in Management of grant Concession. TA5.1 Project-wide Capacity Building for EIO. PPMO Bilateral grant TA5.2 Project-wide CZT section of Xiangjiang River WQ modelling and investment optimisation.

TA5.3 Project-wide Flood warning, monitoring and control system

TA6 PC 2 Industrial Pollution Control Action Component WB Loan Plan (IPCAP) (see note 1)

TA7 PC2 WW sludge management plan for Component WB Loan. Changsha. (see note 1)

As can be seen from this preliminary list, these proposed TA packages can help to optimise the benefits achieved by the HUDP Components. In particular, TA 3.1 and 3.2 will ensure that the benefits achieved by the PC3 component are realised in Hunan Province and the CZT region, rather than having the clean coal products shipped elsewhere, driven by higher prices and market forces.

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 2-21 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Molt MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

2.4 Finance and Economics of Proposed Projects

2.4.1 General

The FSR cost estimates are based on a mixture of government price books, the consultants' own experience and cost data obtained from local construction units for similar types of work recently undertaken in the project area. Base costs for components PC3 (Clean Coal) and PC4 (Logistics Centre) have been prepared and reviewed by others and have not been reviewed by the DRA. However, in order to present a table of total HUDP costs and loan amounts the DRA has taken the base costs from the PC3 and PC4 FSRs and has processed them in the same way as for other components in order to obtain total costs including TA and contingencies. These total costs have then been used to calculate the total HUDP loan amount.

2.4.2 Capital Costs

The DRA's PRC civil works models (for treatment plants and pipelines) were calibrated for the HUDP using comparative unit cost data obtained for the project area by the DRA. As a further check on the cost model output the DRA compared the HUDP costs with tender cost data from a recent WB urban environment project in Hebei ( and WWTPs). These costs were then compared with the costs predicted by the DRA's models for these schemes using the same design details.

2.4.3 Operating Costs

The operation and maintenance costs for these components were calculated as follows:

* Civil and M&E maintenance costs are generally based on percentages of the base costs for constructing the works. For landscaped areas a maintenance cost/ha has been used based on local experience; * Power, chemical and sludge transport costs are based on the predicted performance of the proposed facilities; * Staffing costs are based on the staffing levels estimated by the PMO and included in the latest revisions of the FSRs. Salaries and wages include allowances for other welfare costs; * Long-term environmental monitoring costs are included within the allowance for administration costs. Short-term monitoring costs occur during the construction period and are covered by the "Services" element in the project capital cost estimates.

2.4.4 Cost Estimate Summary

Generally, the overall base costs calculated by the DRA are similar to those presented in the FSRs. There are small differences usually arising from the difference in land cost data sources and the lower WWTP cost calculated by the DRA Consultant for the PC2 component. However, the DRA's total costs are some 6 to 14% higher than the equivalent costs in the FSRs due to the higher physical contingency used by the DRA and the inclusion of price contingencies calculated using the Bank's inflation forecasts.

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 2-22 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

In summary, the FSR and DRA cost estimates are reasonable close for this stage of the project and the project cost estimate can be considered to represent an upper limit suitable for use in further analysis and loan size estimation. Refer to Tables 2-20 to 2-22:

Table 2-20: Summary of HUDP Project Costs

By Component Expenditure Total Cost % of % US$ RMB Total Forex Category million million PCI - Corridor component 206.0 1648.4 59% 31% PC2 - Changshanyuan WWTP 85.9 687.5 25% 42% PC3 - Clean Coal - BASE COSTS PROVIDED BY OTHERS 14.4 115.4 4% 64% PC4 - Logistics Centre - BASE COSTS PROVIDED BY OTHERS 35.2 281.7 10% 39% PC6 - Scenic Area 5.7 45.9 2% 32% Base Costs Sub-total 347.4 2778.83 100% 36% Physical Contingencies 52.1 416.8 15% 36% Price Contingencies 10.8 86.4 3% 17% Total Capital Cost 410.3 3282.0 118% 35% Interest During Construction 15.6 124.9 4% 100% Front End Fee 1.7 13.8 0% 100% Total Financing Cost 427.6 3420.74 123% 38% By Category Expenditure Total Cost % of % US$ RMB Base Forex Category million million Costs 1. Civil Works 208.7 1669.5 60% 43% 2. Goods 41.1 329.0 12% 75% 3a. Services - TA 6.1 48.7 2% 69% 3b. Services - Others 25.7 205.9 7% 0% 4. Land acquisition 65.7 525.7 19% 0% Base Costs Sub-total 347.4 2778.8 100% 36% Physical Contingencies 52.1 416.8 15% 36% Price Contingencies 10.8 86.4 3% 17% Total Capital Cost 4103 3282.0 118% 35% Interest During Construction 15.6 124.9 4% 100% Front End Fee 1.7 13.8 0% 100% Total Financing Cost 427.6 3420.7 123% 38%

World Bank Loan (exc. FEF) 204.9 1639.4 59% 100%

Notes I) Costs in Q1'2004 terms 2) DRA uses nominal exchange rate of 8.00 RMB/US$ 3) FSR exchange rate is 8.28 RMB/US$ 4) Costs include various local taxes equivalent to approximately 5% of the total

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 2-23 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 HunaLn Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Table 2-21: Allocation of Bank loan

1. Civil Works 122.6 2. Goods 40.35 3a. Services-TA 794 3h. Services-Other 0.0 4. Land acquisition 0.0

Total loan 170.9

Table 2-22: Disbursement of allocated portion of Bank Loan by WB Fiscal Year (US$ mnillion)

(Including contingencies, excluding FEF, US$ million) 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total PCI - Corridor component 18.9 47.2 32.8 1.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 100.9 PC2 - Changshanyuan WWTP 3.3 13.9 15.6 8.6 0.6 0.0 0.0 42.0 PC3 - Clean Coal 0.1 2.4 3.6 1.6 0.4 0.0 0.0 8.0 PC4 - Logistics Centre 3.2 4.2 7.4 2.2 0.5 0.0 0.0 17.5 PC6 - Scenic Area 0.4 1.1 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 HUDP Total 25.8 68.8 60.3 14.3 1.6 0.0 0.0 170.9 Note: WB fiscal year starts in July, hence FY 2004 is equivalent to calendar Q

2.4.5 Financial and Economic Analyses

The preliminary results of the economic analyses for each Component are as follows:

PCI - Corridor

8.0% 10.0% 12.0%

NPV of Component Total Costs 1530.28 1450.27 1379.36 NPV of Component Total Benefits 7526.03 6066.19 4958.37 NPV of Component Net Benefits 5995.75 4615.93 3579.01

EIRR = 37.3%

PC2 - Waste Water

8.0% 10.0% 12.0%

NPV of Component Total Costs 974.74 869.33 784.09 NPV of Component Total Benefits 2031.39 1582.04 1250.85 NPV of Component Net Benefits 1056.65 712.71 466.76

EIRR = 19.8%

PC3 - Clean Coal

Consolidated Ensironniental Assessnment 2-24 DRAFT 03/3/1 eb.uary 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

8.0% 10.0% 12.0%

NPV of Component Total Costs 3566.56 2975.78 2513.68 NPV of Component Total Benefits 3828.35 3124.72 2585.25 NPV of Component Net Benefits 261.79 148.94 71.56

EIRR = 14.9%

PC4- Logistics Centre

8.0% 10.0% 12.0%

NPV of Component Total Costs 366.38 332.82 305.02 NPV of Component Total Benefits 783.31 654.76 554.12 NPV of Component Net Benefits 416.93 321.94 249.10

EIRR = 31.8%

PC6 - Scenic Area

8.0% 10.0% 12.0%

NPV of Component Total Costs 85.63 75.95 68.21 NPV of Component Total Benefits 145.06 117.99 97.21 NPV of Component Net Benefits 59.42 42.04 29.00

EIRR = 20.6%

It will be seen that the EIRRs for all Components are in excess of the threshold target rate of return of 12 percent. Sensitivity tests using the switching values technique confirm that the findings with respect to the target return are robust and that it is reasonable to conclude that all the Components are economically viable.

2.4.6 Implementation Programme

PCI, CorridorComponent

January 2003 to August 2004: preparatory work, institutional, relocations;

September 2004 to August 2005: completion of Changsha and Zhaoshan sections;

September 2005 to October 2007: completion of Zhuzhou and Xiangtan sections;

December 2007: completion of entire component project. PC2, Changsha Wastewater Component

January 2003 to December 2003: preparatory work;

December 2003 to March 2005: preparatory designs, drawings, biddings and approvals;

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 2-25 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

March 2005 to July 2006: construction period;

Aucust 2006 to June 2007: equipment installation and tentative operation.

PC3, Zhuzhou Clean Coal Component

To July 2004: preparatory work;

July 2006: first phase operation;

2009: start of Second Phase Construction.

PC4, CZT Logistics Centre Component

January 2003 to December 2003: preparatory work;

December 2003 to December 2005: design and construction period;

December 2004 to April 2006: purchase and installation of equipment;

January 2006 to June 2006: tentative operation.

PC6, Zhaoshan Scenic Area Component To March 2004: preparatory work (including resettlement, etc.);

July 2004 to December 2005: construction of main sights;

March 2005 to June 2006: construction of infrastructure;

June 2006: round-off period.

2.4.7 Institutional Issues

PCI - Corridor Component

The existing institutional structure of ownership, operation and maintenance management, and technical management of the dyke system in CTZ is complex. The ownership of the existing assets seems not to be formally documented, although the municipal water resources bureaux are the 'de facto' owners. The WIRBs are also the technical managers of the assets. There are five different primary operation and maintenance entities in the three sections of the dyke. Approval procedures and flow of funds is complex.

In this proposed institutional reform, ownership of the existing assets will be confirmed and entitlement documentation issued by the municipal planning commissions. The three Municipal UDICs (CUDCI, ZUDCI, and XUDCI) and ZTTDC will be made responsible for the implementation of the component. On completion, ownership of the new assets will be transferred to the municipal WRBs.

Consolhda.ed Environmenutl Assessment 2-26 DRAFr 03/B/Februarv 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Technical management will remain with the current entities. However, O/M operations will be sub- contracted out under formal contractual arrangements.

The principle of the rearranged institutional details, as described above has been agreed by the PPMO and other stakeholders. PPMO has confirmed that the local approval procedure for design and construction in the flood plain has been agreed.

Based on these proposed implementation arrangements, the WB loan will need to be on-lent to four separate agencies, CUDIC, XUDIC ZUDIC and ZTTDC who will be responsible for debt servicing and the repayment of loans.

PC2 - Wastewater Component

Experience indicates that the objectives of the WB financed wastewater component are most likely to be achieved through cooperation of the organisations responsible for service delivery and the implementation of user charges set at a level that allows for full cost recovery. It is therefore proposed that the current responsibilities of CMDC will be enlarged to include ownership, operation and maintenance of all wastewater and drainage facilities including the stormwater pumping stations (subject to confirmation with CUDIC).

The current responsibilities of CDAO will be absorbed into CMDC (including transfer of relevant staff) and CDAO will be transformed into a government regulating and supervising authority with responsibility for the wastewater sector in Changsha. The currently agreed division between district level sewers and CMDC sewers will remain. It is planned that most new sewerage systems will be 'combined', and thus there will be no separate authority responsible for stormwater management.

CMDC has been nominated as the implementing agency and will be responsible for the construction, future operation and maintenance of PC2, with responsibility for debt servicing and repayment of the loan.

PC3 - Cleaner Coal Component

Hunan Zhuxi Clean Coal Co Ltd has been nominated as the implementing agency. It will also be the assets owner with responsibility for operation and maintenance, and for debt servicing and repayment of the loan principal.

PC4 - Logistics Centre Component

The proposal to expand the existing Logistics Centre into a modem multi-modal facility to exploit Zhuzhou's location advantages will require that CZTILC act as a commercial independent enterprise with industry contacts and connections consistent with modem logistics industry norms. It has been agreed that the key to the commercial success of CZTILC is to mobilise professional management and expertise. Two options have been identified:

* Bring in an independent commercial firm to operate the logistics centre as a concession (say 25 years) using Bank guidelines to appoint the concessionaire.

* Form a JV (or similar equity participation arrangement) with a private company. (This option would be outside the remit of World Bank participation). A decision is pending on the method of private sector participation.

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 2-27 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

The Implementing Agency for the CZT Logistics Centre is Zhuzhou Chemical Industry Group Railway Transportation Ltd. It will be the assets owner with responsibility for implementation. operation and maintenance, and for debt servicing and repayment of the loan principal. The private sector concessionaire or JV partner will be responsible for institutional capacity building in ZCIGRTG consistent with the a_reed contract conditions.

PC6 - Scenic Area Componenzt

The current scenic area lies wholly within Xiangtan Municipality. Earlier in the project preparation process. it was suggested to enlarge the current scenic area to include land currently within Changsha Municipality. Subsequent discussions have concluded that the practical and bureaucratic situation makes this suggestion unfeasible in the short term. Thus the institutional arrangements for implementation, operation and maintenance of the scenic area will remain as currently formed.

Zhaoshan Scenic Area Management Institute, under Zhaoshan Tourism and Trade Development Co Ltd. will be the owner of the component, and will be in day to day control of the implementation and subsequent operation of the component. It will also be responsible for borrowing and loan repayment.

An institutional review has been undertaken (under PCI) to identify any weaknesses in the current internal arrangement of ZTTDC. Details are reported under PC1..

PC7 - Economic Integration Office

The objective of the EIO should be to encourage economic development of the CZT region by developing economic, administrative and physical integration. The area covered by the EIO includes several administrative boundaries. The EIO should transcend these to achieve an integrated network of services in and around the megapolis.

The EIO is part of the Provincial Government, as a Division under the Planning and Development Commission. It has lower level counterparts in each CZT city. It will act as a coordination body rather than duplicate existing commissions' duties.

It is a body unique to Hunan, with no reporting lines to Beijing.

The Steering Committee has the Provincial Governor as part-time Chairman.

Because the EIO is a government organisation, it will not be necessary for the management to have 'legal body' (ie enterprise) financial, administrative and management skills. However, there will be a need for skills relating to the financial and administrative management of World Bank project components.

PMO would like the World Bank to identify grant funds for the capacity development of the EIO. It would be difficult to allocate loan proportions between the cities.

Consolldated Environniental Assessment 2-28 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonaid Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Figure 2.1 Maps Of The Ecologic and Economic Belt As Outlined In The EEB Master Plan.

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 2-29 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Figure 2.2 Diagram Of The CZT Project Area Showing "Linked Local Projects"

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 2-30 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Figure 2.3 Location Of The Zhuzhou PCI Section Of The Component Project,

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 2-31 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Figures 2.4 Photos Of The Zhuzhou PCI Subproject Area

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Figure 2.5 Location Of The Xiangtan PCI Section Of The Component Project

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Figure 2.6 Photos Of The Xiangtan PC I Subproject Area

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Figure 2.7 Location Of The Zhaoshan PC I Section Of The Component Project

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Figures 2.8 Photos Of The Zhaoshan PC I Subproject Area

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Figure 2.9 Location Of The Changsha PC I Section Of The Component Project

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Figures 2.10 Photos Of The Changsha PCI Subproject Area

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Figures 2.11 PCI Corridor Flooding Inundation Mapping, Before the Project

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Figure 2.12 PC I Corridor Flooding Inundation Mapping, After the Project Completion

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Figure 2.13 Photos Of Some Of The Drainage Channels Covered Under PC I Component

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Figure 2.14 Locations of the Seven Drainage Zones in Changsha and

Existing and Proposed WWTPs

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Figure 2.15 Detailed Site Location Of The PC2 Component Project Along With The Original WWTP Site

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Figure 2.16 Photos Of The PC2 Component Sites

Site of Proposed WWTP

A Few Points Sensitive to Pronosed Sewers Construction Sites

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Figure 2.17 Location of Heimifent Sanitary Landfill Site

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Figure 2.18 Map Of HEPRI PC2 Monitoring Locations In The Catchment Area

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Figure 2.19 Location Of The PC3 Component Project

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Figure 2.20 Layout of the PC3 component

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Figure 2.21 Photos Of The PC3 Site

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Figure 2.22 PC3 Coal Refuse Yard

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Figure 2.23 Location Of The PC4 Component Project

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Figure 2.24 Photo Of The PC4 Site

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Figure 2.25 Selected Wastewater Treatment Plan for PC4.

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Figure 2.26 Location Of The PC6 Component Project

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Figure 2.27 Layout of the PC6 Component

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Figure 2.28 Photos Of The PC6 Site

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Figure 2.28 Photos Of The PC6 Site

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 2-56 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

3 Description of the Environment

3.1 Physical Environment

3.1.1 Geographical Location

The CZT cities are located at 111°55' to 115°58' of east longitude and 26°03' to 28°30' of north latitude. They are located adjacent to the Xiangjiang River, a major south-north flowing tributary of the Changjiang River (Yangtze). The terrain of the cities is somewhat varied and is composed of mixed hills and plain. Figures 3.1 provided the general location. The Xiangjiang River forms the most distinct geographic identity for the cities, with Yuelu Mountain and Gu Mountain to the west, and Zhanshan Mountain to the east. Local tributaries of the Xiangjiang River include the Liuyang River, Laodao River and Jinjiang River. The CZT is adjacent to cities and counties of Pingxiang, Lianhua, Yongxin, Ninggang, Jingangshan, Suicuan of Jiangxi Province to its east; abuts on , and to its south; links with City and City to its west; and touches cities and counties of Yueyang and Miluo to its north. A pattern of "70 percent mountains and waters and 10 percent fields, 20 percent towns and manors" has formed.

3.1.2 Geology/Soils and Topography

The CZT city complex lies in the lower reach of the mainstream of the Xiangjiang River, whose city zones are all constructed on the terrace formed by accumulated alluvium of narrow and long rivers at the sides of the Xiangjiang River. There is hill physiognomy at the sides, creating river-valley basin topography with the two sides high and the middle part low as a whole. It is mainly I, II-class terrace, which is plain and wide and the ground level is usually between 30m to 50m, a little inclining from the south to the north. According to the geological and drilling exposure of this region, the stratum of this region are mainly Devonian system, Cretaceous system, Tertiary system and Quatemary system, etc. The Quatemary system and the Cretaceous system are predominant, and most of the project area are covered by the Quatemary system. Now each stratum is described separately from the aged to the new as follows: * Superproterozoic Boundary Banxi Group (Pt) kelly, yellow slate, the state of the earth surface is mostly complete or strong effloresce, distributing in small area, mainly appears in part of upside Zhuzhou City. * Middle part of Devonian system (D2) aubergine, hoar heavy-layer or block-shape quartz sandstone, distributing in small area, mainly appears in part of downside Xiangtan City. * Downside of Cretaceous system (KI) aubergine, moderate or heavy-layer pelitic siltstone, silt mudstone, the state of the earth surface is mostly complete or strong effloresce, mainly distributed in Zhuzhou City.

* Upside of Cretaceous system, (K2) aubergine heavy or vast heavy-layer glutenite mingled with sandstone and mudstone, mainly distributed in upside Xiangtan City and Changsha City.

* Downside Tertiary system, (El) dark aubergine heavy-layer mudstone, silt mudstone mingled with glutenite lenticle, mainly distributed in downside of Changsha City.

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* Quaternary system renovated part alluvial accumulation (Q2al): russet net vein-shape silt clay, and silt clay, thickness 5-lOm. * Quaternary system renovated part alluvial accumulation (Q3al): rufous, buff net vein-like clay, silt clay, whose downside part is silt and glutenite, thickness 3 -20m. * Quaternary system completely new part alluvial accumulation: lark, russet silt clay, gritstone, part of which are eluvium earth, usual thickness 7- 13m. The district earth structure position lies in the red-layer basin at the north-eastern part of secondary duplex zone of subsidence of New Huaxia system in eastern Asia, controlled by north-north-east conformation, with the red-layer basin distributed at N25°- 40°. The primary conformation system within the region is New Huaxia system, and next is the Huaxia system. The major conformation tracks are mainly north--northeast, and north-east, and almost east-west in the second place. In the region, the drape is non-developed, while the rupture is quite developed, mainly including Longgu (keel) mountain range fracture driven by twisting force, Tian'e (swan) Chong fracture driven by twisting force, Long (dragon) Dam fracture driven by twisting force The new formation movement is mainly of vibration ascent accompanied by regional lifting and inclining movement, which is reflected to certain extent in the ways of modern cleuch incise, river terrace and water system development. According to Ground Shock Parameter Zoning Map of China (GB18306 (GB18306-2001)) in Xiangtan Municipality and Zhuzhou Municipality, the ground shock peak value acceleration is <0.05g, the character circle of ground shock response spectrum is 0.35s,and the corresponding earthquake basic intensity is

3.1.3 Climate and Meteorology

Changsha, Xiangtan, and Zhuzhou urban districts are located in the lower reaches of Xiangjiang River. The area belongs to the Subtropical Monsoon Climate Zone. The weather there is mild, the rainfall is abundant and the frostless season is long. The rainfall is usually concentrated between the spring and autumn, drought usually happened in autumn and the hot weather is a bit longer. These are of the continental climate characteristics. Since the area belongs to semi-tropical monsoon humid climate, the weather is cold in winter and hot in summer, with four seasons distinct, the annual mean temperature is 17.50 C, amongst the lowest

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monthly temperature 4.70 C appears in January while the highest 29.20 C in July. The annual sunshine hours is 1620 hours, and the non-frost period is longer than 280 days. The annual mean rainfall is 1380mm, and the rainfall from April to June account for more than 40% of the total. The following are the data from the Changsha Weather Bureau:

* Average mean annual temperature is 16.90 0 C, * Highest temperature 40.60 0 C (Aug.13, 1953), * Lowest temperature is -12.00 " C (Feb.9, 1972), * Average mean annual rainfall is 1355.5mm, and space-time distribution is uneven, (it rains more on the west Xiangjiang River part than the part on the east Xiangjiang River and the southwest part gets more rainfall than the northwest part), * Quantity of peak rainfall during the beginning and ending period of the year is 2.5 times the least quantity of rainfall, * Rainfall during March to June makes up the 55% of the whole year, * Annual 24hr torrential rain is 236.2 mm; the largest 3d torrential rain is 307.4mm, * Annual average evaporation amount is 1315.6mm, * Average mean annual wind speed is 2.6m/s, actual measured max wind speed is 20.7m/s (April 12, 1980, wind direction NNW), and the main wind direction is northwest wind, * Average sunshine time is 1636 hr.

The following are the data from the Xiangtan Weather Bureau:

* Average mean annual temperature is 17.30 0 C, * Temperature in January is the lowest for the its mean annual value is 4.80 ° C, while the

temperature in July is the highest, whose mean annual value reached 29.20 0 C, * Average air pressure value is 1008.2hpa, * Mean annual rainfall is 1317.2 mm, * Daily highest rainfall is 209.8mm,

* Rainfall during March to June makes 55% of the total rainfall, (highest rainfall during the beginning and ending period of the year is more than 2 times the lowest rainfall) * Average amount of evaporation is 1310.0mm, * Average sunshine time for years is 1620.7h, * Annual wind speed is 2.3m/s, the fastest wind speed recorded is 20.0m/s.

The following are the data from the Zhuzhou Weather Bureau:

* Average mean annual temperature is 17.50 0 C, * Highest temperature is 40.50 C (August 27,1963), * Lowest temperature is 11.50 C (Dec. 29, 1991),

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* Mean annual rainfall is 1412.2mm, (space-time distribution is uneven, the rainfall in April to June makes up the 43% of the whole year, especially the rainfall in April is amount to 207.2mm, in December, the rainfall is 50.2mm) * Mean annual rainfall day is 151d, * Mean annual evaporation amount is 1369.8mm, (June to August is the hottest period of every year and so the evaporation amount is also great, the mean annual evaporation in July amount to 249.7mm) * Mean annual wind speed is 2.2m/s, the wind direction in general is NNW, the max wind speed is 21.3m/m, which recorded in April 13, 1980, * Mean annual max wind speed is 12.5m/s in the flood season. Table3-1 summarises the meteorological conditions in the Project Area. Table 3-1 Meteorological Conditions over Project Area

Aver Max Min Annual Annual Annual Dominant City Temp. Temp. Temp. Frost-free Sunlight precip. Wind (OC) (OC) (OC) Days (Hours) [mm] Direction Changsha City 16.9 40.6 -12.0 282-294 -1360 -1355.5 NW Zhuzhou City 17.5 41.0 -12.0 282-294 -1360 1240-1490 NW Xiangtan City 17.3 40.2 -11.8 282-294 -1360 -1317.2 NW Zhaoshan Town 17.4 40.2 -11.9 282-294 -1360 -1330 NW

3.1.4 Air Quality

Hunan is one of the provinces in China suffering serious acid rain pollution, and general visibility is also very low. Acid rain pollution is distributed at Xiangjiang River Basin with Changsha as the core and western region of Hunan. Cities of Changsha, Zhuzhou, Xiangtan, Hengyang, Yueyang, Changde, Zhangjiajie, Chenzhou, , Loudi, Huihua, are defined by SEPA as the regions for acid rain control.

In 2001, average pH value of rainfall ranged between 4.32 to 6.38, pH value of rainfall in 85.7% of the cities in Hunan were lower than 5.6 (the threshold for defining acid rain), and that of Changsha was the lowest at 4.32. Frequency of acid rain was 63.4%. Sulphur dioxide in the 14 capital cities of 3 3 municipality/prefecture ranged between 0.017 to 0.119 mg/m (averaged to 0.054 mg/i ). SO2 air quality indicator in 35.7% of cities exceeded Grade II of Chinese national ambient air quality standard. (SO2 in Zhuzhou exceeded Grade III).

Reasons for acid rain and SO 2 pollution include the following: * Unreasonable energy consumption structure; 70% rely on coal, which contributes 72% of total S02 emission. Sulphur content in local raw coal is high. * Long distance transportation of acidic material. * Increased nitrogen oxides emission in urban areas due to the growth of automobiles Regional sources of air pollutants and solid wastes are shown in Table 3-2:

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Table 3-2 Regional Atmospheric/Solid Wastes Pollutant Sources (2003)

No. Pollutant Sources Sector mission Amount Solid Wastes ouan_. ecormllion ni/a Smelting Residue: 168835 l Smelting Corp. Metallurgical 7219.50 SmeltingCorp.ind. 21.0rsenic Boiler Residue:Residue:2400 16700 Industrial Residue:3000 Mining Medicament Plant Metallurgical 269.02 Boiler Residue: 1586 ind. Industrial Residue:300 Boiler Residue:39458 alcareous 3 Chemical Industry Group Chemical ind. 4948.7129 Residue:70886 Mercurial Residue:72 ______ther R esidue: 110648 -~ I Corp.Building Boiler Residue:2920 N ass aterial ind. 1157.346 :ther Residue:8600

5 Qingshui Smelting Plant Metallurgical 110.00 Smelting Residue:5000 ______in d . Coal Ashes: 146413 6 Xiangjiang NF Corp. Chemical ind. 1840.1740 Boiler Residue:41167 iangjiang heIicalNE Corp. md. 1840.1740 ndustrial dusts:14666 Industrial Residue: 180 7 Coal Gas Plant Urban public 161.9617 Coal Ashes:500 service . Boiler Residue: 1235 8 Thermnal Power Plant Power ind. 4809.33 Coal Ashes:278100 9 Hygiene Technical High chool 0.60 Boiler Residue:20 School 10 Wuling Group Automobile ind. 53.0 Boiler Residue:1590 Boiler Residue: 110O 11 No.3 Hospital hospital 3.45 Medical Wastes:2 12 Guanghua Textile Textile, printing 7.0 Boiler Residue:350 Corporation & dyeing ind. Organic Sludge:50 13 Wanshida Textile Textile, printing 26.15 Boiler Residue: 1000 Corporation & dyeing ind. Xiangtan River shore achinery id. 1.2656 14 , Machine Works oiler Residue:46.8 15a Xiangtan Metallurgical Metallurgical 15 .n.15.362 Boiler Residue:578 C hemical I Factory hemical md. Boiler Residue:4698.8 16 Hunan Lantian Ltd. Co. esticide 218.081 Coal Ashes:935.6 phosphorus Residue: 12 17 Xiangtan Central Hospital ospital 8.19 oedical Wastes:254

lectrochemical Non-ferrous Metals 18 Electrochemical Corp. *nd. 624.08 Residue: 110000 ______Boiler Residue: 16000 19 Zhenxiang Glass Plant Building 154.778 ______aterial ______I__

This table indicates that the top 3 enterprises in atmospheric and solid wastes pollution are Zhuzhou Smelting Corporation, Zhuzhou Chemical Industry Group and Xiangjiang NF Corporation. As these enterprises are all located windward of Zhuzhou, the regional atmospheric environment is polluted to some extent.

Regional Environmental Routine Monitoring Results Atmospheric Environment

According to atmospheric routine monitoring data from 13 sampling stations provided by the CZT environmental monitoring centres, the daily SO 2 concentration exceeded the standard by 0.60% and

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0.37 times in 1999, by 1.19% and 0.29 times in 2000, 1.78% and 0.80 times in 2001; and TSP exceeded the standard by 23.81%, 15.79% and 21.29% in year 1999, 2000 and 2001, and the maximum exceeding times were 1.07, 1.88 and 0.90.

In Xiangtan, the content of SO2 has gradually decreased during the past five years, NO, remains unchanged. and TSP is getting worse. The daily content of SO 2 during the past five years in Changsha 3 ranges from 0.002 to 0.746mg/m , the rate exceeding the Standard was 26.2%; NO2 ranges from 0.008 to 0.171 mg/m3 , the rate is 0.6%; while TSP ranges from 0.026 to 0.859mg/m3 , the rate is 11.6%. Acid rain pollution situation was worse than the average of China: pH values in 2002 were 4.35 in Changsha, 4.47 in Zhuzhou and 4.78 in Xiangtan. The occurrence of acid rain was 84.6% in Changsha, 79.6% in Zhuzhou and 71.1% in Xiangtan. As a baseline data, relevant component EIA reports did the specific sites air quality monitoring survey during later summer and early autumn in 2003, during which, air diffusion condition is much better than winter time. Survey results are shown in Table 3-3: Table 3-3 EIA of Air Quality Status

Air Quality Monitoring Locations and Details so2 NO, TSP

Daily Average (mg/mr3) / 0.009-0.050 0.034-0.489 Leidashi Standard Value (mg/mr) 0.12 ).30 Town Comparison Value (7)* __/ ___7.5-41.2 11.3--163 Exceeding Rate (%) _0 Daily Average (mg/m3) 0.007-0.056 D.029-0.226 iangtan Standard Value (mg/rn') 0.12 D.30 Plant Comparison Value (%) 5.8-46.7 .7-75.3 2003.9.26 Exceeding Rate (%) / 0_D PI 9.30 Daily Average (mg/m') 0.078-0.102 D.210-0.270 haoshan Standard Value (mg/m ) / 0.12 D.30 Scenic Area Comparison Value (%) / 65-85 7090 Exceeding Rate (%) / 0 D Daily Average (mg/m') / 0.002-0.026 0.019-0.186 Xingang Standard Value (mg/mrn) / .12 0.30 own Comparison Value (%) / 1.7-21.7 5.3-62.0 Exceeding Rate (%) 0 Daily Average (mg/m') 0.010-0.084 / 0.231-0.259 PC3 2002.8 Plant Area Standard Value (mg/mr) 0.15 0.30 Comparison Value (%) .7-56 77-86.3 Exceeding Rate (%) 0 Zhaoshan Daily Average (mg/m') .035-0.044 0.029-0.049 .090-0.110 PC6 2003.9.26 aoshan Standard Value (mg/rn") 0.05 0.05 .12 ~9.30 Cempleomparison Value (%) 7.0-88.0 58.0-98.0 75.0-91.7 Temple____ Exceeding Rate (%) 0 0 0 *Where comparison value= Daily Average/Standard Value*100%

The results of this monitoring are summarised in Table 3-4:

Table 3-4 Evaluation of Air Quality Monitoring

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HUDP ComPonent Component Air Quality Monitoring Results PCI Daily NO, average concentration of all the monitoring points does not exceed the relevant standard in 'Ambient Air Quality Standard' (GB3095-1996); except for TSP exceeds by 20% in Leidashi monitoring point, all monitoring data meet the standard of GB3095-1996. PC2 According to routine monitoring data, air quality at WWTP compliance with Grade 11 of Ambient Air Quality Standard' (GB3095- 1996). PC3 Daily S02 average concentration exceeds the standard by 0.60% and 0.37 times in 1999, 1.19% and 0.29 times in 2000, 1.78% and 0.80 times in 2001; and TSP exceeds by 23.81% and 1.07 times in 1999, 15.79% and 1.88 times in 2000, 21.29% and 0.90 times in 2001. The results show that in this area TSP impact is more evident. In the monitoring results in August, 2002, for the HZCCC was not in regular production, the monitoring factors did not exceed the standard. PC4 According to routine monitoring data, air quality here are worse than Grade III of 'Ambient Air Quality Standard' (GB3095-1996) with SO2 and TSP exceeded the standard. PC6 The monitoring factors all meet the standard (Grade A in GB3095-1996), the ambient atmospheric environment is good.

According to the Implementation Plan for controlling acid rain in Hunan Province prepared by HEPB, approved by The People's Government of Hunan Province, the following objectives have been set to control acid rain:

* By year 2005, total amount of SO2 emission will be reduced by 10.7% compared with that of the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, including the reduction of SO2 in acid rain control regions by 538,000 ton/year.

* The proportion of areas with pH value lower than 4.5 reduced significantly compared with that of the Ninth Five-Year Plan period. * The average value of pH of rainfall in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan will be increased. SO2 air quality indicator in 86% of the capital cities of municipalities/prefectures will comply with Grade II of Chinese national standard for ambient air quality. Main action items recommended in the action plan included: * Reduce sulphur content in coal

* Control SO2 emission from thermal power plants

* Control SO2 emission from Boilers and Stoves

* Enhance energy infrastructure construction to control SO2 emission from domestic sources

* Control SO2 emission from production processes * Control other air pollutants (automobiles, fugitive dust, etc.)

3.1.5 Noise

All major urban areas in the province have locations that exceed ambient noise standards. Monitoring of ambient noise levels has been conducted at the proposed project sites, especially proposed WWTP, and has been used in detailed noise modelling by the EA institute. Details of this modelling and recommended mitigation measures can be found in Chapters 5 and 7. Table 3-5 provides the results of EA monitoring of existing noise at the HUDP component project sites: Table 3-5 Present Acoustic Environment Status

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Distance Standard Monitoring Point from Monitoring Date D/N Leq(A)dB dB sources Leidashi Town 150m D 53. 560

D 50.6 60 Yandi College 90 m D 50.6 60 N 39.6 50 PCI Xiangtan No.3 2003.9.27-29 D 43.3 60 Water Plant _____N 37.3 50 Zhaoshan Scenic D 47.5 55 Area _ N 42.6 45 Xingang Town D 41.6 55 N 36.3 45 Residential area north 30m D 60 60 to WWTP30D600 Residential area west 30 m D 53 60 to WWTP 2004. 2.5 Residential area east 3 36 PC2 to WWTP 30m D 63 60 Residential area 30m D 55 60 south to WWTP D Gangziting PS D 59 60 Dongtundu PS D 60 60

SE Boundary D 62.0 65 ______~~~N 51.6 55 S Boundary 80 D 65.2 65 ______~~N 53.5 55 CentreD5536 PC3 2002.8.26 N 49.4 5 W Boundary D 58.9 5

N Boundary N Boundary ND 45.250.8 5565

E Boundary D 601 65

E Boundary N 53.4 55

S Boundary D 46.7 65

PC4 W Boundary 2003.8 D 43 65

N Boundary D 50.9 65

Centre D 44.6 65 ______~~~~~~N40.8 55 Zhaoshan Ancient 2003.9.27- D 43.7, 47.0 55 Temple 2003.9.29 N 38.2, 38.3 45 PC5 A Residential Area 2003.11.30-2003.1 D 56.3, 56.9. 60

Along No. 107 100 2.2 _ _ 58.3 ______Highway N 47.9, 48.4, 49 50

This table indicates that the most of the monitored points met the standard except for two points at the boundary of Zhuzhou Coal Preparation Factory with monitored noise level exceeded the standard due to the noise impact from Shan-tang highway and railway station. The noise level at monitoring site

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east to the WWTP exceeded the standard due the on-going construction of bridge and a real estate development activity near the WWTP.

3.1.6 Surface and Groundwater Hydrology

The existing surface and groundwater conditions of Hunan Province were introduced in Chapter 1. Detailed water quality monitoring data can be found in Chapter 4. This section provides some basic hydrological context to the component projects. PCI, Corridor Component

Observations have been maintained at gauging stations at Zhuzhou (since 1954), Xiangtan (since 1956) and Changsha (since 1954). Water levels and discharges are observed at Zhuzhou and Xiangtan and water levels only at Changsha. Records of annual maximum discharges have been processed and the series of annual maxima were analysed for Zhuzhou and Xiangtan using the method prescribed in the relevant National Standard. Curve fitting was done both by eye and mathematically. According to preferred Chinese practice, the curves fitted by eye were adopted and values of discharge obtained for the 1/100, 1/50 year and other return period floods. Figure 3.2 provide the schematic location of hydro gauging stations in CTA area Return period discharges were translated into water levels directly using the prevailing relationships at Zhuzhou and Xiangtan, and indirectly by averaging the results of three methods of correlation for Changsha. The highest recorded discharge at Zhuzhou is reported as 20,700m3 /s (water level 42.86m YS Datum), which occurred in June 1994 and corresponds approximately to a 1/30-year flood. The corresponding discharge at Xiangtan is about 23,000m 3/s (water level 39.99m YS Datum). The factors affecting peak water levels include both the upper catchment areas and the areas downstream were studied affecting the peak water levels between Zhuzhou and Changsha, including Dongting Lake. Dongting Lake water levels are affected by the distributaries flows from River Yangtze, and also other major inflowing rivers in addition to the Xiangjiang River. The behaviour of Dongting Lake water levels in the past cannot be used as a guide to the future because of future changes in flood management involving breaching polder embankments and flooding surrounding farmland as well as the on-going lake restoration programme. The possible influence of the Three Gorges Dam was examined, with the conclusion that the influence of reservoir operation on Dongting Lake water levels will comparatively small compared with the benefit of the proposed plan for polder breaching.

The risk of flood peaks in tributaries coinciding with peak flow in the main river and peak water levels in Dongting Lake was studied with the conclusion that the chances of peak water levels coinciding with Dongting Lake peak water levels is 15% or 1/6.7 years. The approximate backwater effect of the lake water levels has been analysed as 0.5 to 0.8m at Changsha, 0.3m to 0.5m at Xiangtan and 0.3m at Zhuzhou. Due to uncertainties and complexity of the factors affecting Dongting Lake water levels, a more reliable estimate of the backwater effect was considered impractical. An approach was undertaken to detect long-term changes in the influence of Dongting Lake water levels on project flood peak water levels. The aim was to see if backwater effects could be related to possible shifts in average lake water levels due to sedimentation and loss of storage. An initial analysis of time series average water levels for various flood discharges over the years from 1955 up to 2000 was performed for Xiangtan and Zhuzhou gauging station records. This did not show any significant trend in water levels for flood discharges of up to 8,000 m3/s over the historic record.

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The annual greatest flood of Xiangjiang River mainly happens in the period from April to July, the probability is 94-97%, among which from May to June is highest which makes up 74% of the probability. The maximum peak flow modulus is declining from the upper reaches to the lower 2 2 reaches, with Laobutou at 750 UJS/Km , Hengyang at 347 LUS/KM , and Xiangtan at 249 LUS/Km 2 . According to statistic from the actual measured data, 69.7% of the flood occurred in Xiangtan Station is from Hengyang and upper areas. Because the whole drainage area basically belongs to a same rainstorm zone, the occurrence time of the flood in main and branch streams is almost the same. Changsha Station has only a few years' flux survey data. Through analysis, the coming flood to the section of Xiangtan to Changsha is almost the same as outflow to the Changsha section and counteracted by the section of the river channel. The Changsha flood flux may be derived from the data from the Xiangtan Station. According to the released statistical data of 1950-1998 from Xiangtan Station, the flood peak in its existing period has all the characteristics which may turn into a big flood, including the high and huge-volume flood peak, the single peaks take a large proportion and the double peaks occasionally occur. In 1968, the greatest flood peak's total water volume reached 31,000 million mi3 . Because of the affection of the flood as well as the water in the river channel, the flood peak maintained for a long time, and the flood peak area was wide and smooth. On June 18, 1994, the flood flux kept at above 3 20000 m /s for 46 hours. The actual measured max flux is 20800 m3/s in Xiangtan Station. (June 18, 1994), the annual minimum peak flow is 6090 m3/s, the minimum flux in years is only 100 m3/s. This verifies the great change between the dry season and the flood season. The time distribution for the rainfall is imbalance. The CZT cities of Changsha, Zhuzhou, and Xiangtan all have performed urban flood-control planning. The detailed planning of each city is as follows: Chanigsha The Changsha City urban flood-control protection scope is to extend existing protected area to additionally cover the Jiefang Polder and Pingtang Town in the south, the Xianing Town and Gushan County in the north, the Tianding County in the west, as well as the Luoshitang County in the east. The total area is 661.4km2 and is comprised of centre urban district and non-centre urban district, and altogether 6 flood-control protection rings. The general situation of each protection circle is shown in Table 3-6 Table 3-6 Changsha City Urban Flood-Control Protection Circles Urban District Name Central Urban District Non-Central Urban District Protection Circle Name East of West of Laoxia Pingtang Langli Others River River Total areas (kr2) 108.58 78.39 44.36 33.00 34.60 340.47 Near term standard 100 100 100 30 30 30 (Recurrence period, year) _ Long-dated standard 200 200 200 50 50 50 (Recurrence period, year) I I I I I Changsha City has employed a flood-control and waterlogging drainage system, which is mainly comprised of flood-control embankment, anti-flood wall, outlet sluice, flood-relieving canal, and electric drainage station. But the following problems exist: * The central urban district has not formed a closed circle. There is still a 4770m long gap affecting the whole of Changsha City. * Embankment body quality is low, mainly because of the impure earth, harmful termites, the land settlement and erosion, etc.

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* The cross section of embankment body is low, and the embankment top is 1.5-2.5m lower than the design values in general.

* River and lake is blocked, and the flood level is constantly rising with the backwater of the lake water. Xianigtan

The urban flood-control region of Xiangtan City is divided into three protection circles: West of River Protection Circle, East of River Protection Circle and Yangtian Lake Protection Circle. The embankment outside the one hundred thousand long ridge of Qiuxin embankment is designed to meet the 50-year-occurrence flood, while the other embankment's designed standards are all 100-year- occurrence flood. The basic situation of each protection rings are shown in Table 3-7: Table 3-7 Xiangtan City Urban Flood-control Protection Circle Situation

Protection Circle Name West of River East of River Yangtian Lake Embankment Length 25.33 23.68 8.35

(k mn)______Design Standard (Recurrence 100 100 100 period, year)

The flood-control standard of Xiangtan City's flood-control works is low, and the 107 National Highway and Jingguang Railway in Yijiawan Section have not been protected, the embankment elevation are mostly 39.2 - 42.1m, which can only resist the 15-year-occurence flood. Zhuzhou

The flood-control works of Zhuzhou City are divided into two parts, East of River, and West of River, and altogether four independent closed flood-control protection circles. East of River: there are the Qujian Protection Circle, Heming Protection Circle and Qiangxiangtian Protection Circle from south to north. The flood-control standard of Heming Protection Circle and West of River Protection Circle is the 100-year-occurance flood. The flood-control standard of Qujian Protection Circle and Qingxiangtian Protection Circle is to resist the 50-year-occurence flood. The general situation of each protection circle listed in Table 3-8. Table 3-8 Zhuzhou City Urban Flood-control Protection Circle Situations

Protection Circle Name East of Qingxiangtian Heming Qujian __ _ R iver ______EmbankmentLength 30.46 13.64 11.05 7.77 Design Standard 100 50 100 50 (Recurrence period, year) I The following problems exist in the flood-control system of Zhuzhou City: * The current flood-control standard is low; flood-control facilities are weak; the embankment elevation is 1.5-3m lower than the design value. The current flood-control capacity is the 15- 20 year occurrence.

* The present embankment contains dangerous parts and hidden problems, leakage on embankment body and foundation and embankment collapse. PC2, Changsha Wastewater Component

Changsha water system belongs to Xiangjiang River system. There are 15 tributaries inside Changsha which flow into Xiangjiang River, the largest including the Liuyang River, Laodao River, Weishui River and Jinjiang River.

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The Liuyang River is also called Liuwei River. Liuyang River basin is located in the eastern part of Changsha area at north latitude of 27°51' - 28°34' and east longitude of 112°51 - 114°15' covering an area of 3950km 2, accounting for 31.67% of the total 12503km 2 of the whole municipality land area. The Liuyang River is made up of the Daxi River and Xiaoxi River. The Daxi River originates in the Qianqiu of Baisha Town of Liuyang County; and the Xiaoxi River originates in Qililing of Shanghong Town of Liuyang County. The main stream of Liuyang River runs from east to west through Liuyang county, Changsha County and north outskirt of Changsha city into Xiangjiang River with a total length of 222km, which is the important water sources for drinking water, farm irrigation, fishery production, industrial water and hydro-power generation for the basin area. The sewage discharged into Liuyang River from Changsha city amounts to 44.8 million m3 per year, accounting for 63.6% of total wastewater load into the Liuyang River basin. The data from 1980 to 1987 at Shuangjiangkou indicates that, over an area of 2067km2 , the annual 3 runoff flow was 1.7 billion m , the average maximum runoff flow of 1584.7m3 /s, average minimum runoff flow of 6.9m3/s, average flow of 55.5m3 /s and water temperature of 19.30 C. The Laodao River is also called Laotang River or Liaohu River, originating from beneath the stone columns of Zhouluo Caves of Liuyang County, flowing to Jiebei Bridge and to Ganzui of Gaoling Town inside Changsha County. It flows to the outskirt of the city and into Xiangjiang River at Yangyouchi with a total length of 140.5km covering an area of 2543.2km 2 . The Weishui River originates from Weishan of county with the south tributary coming from Datuoli at the southern foot of Fuwang mountain and the north tributary coming from Dengwozai and Dashaping between Ningxiang county and . The main stream flows from west to east to Shitoukou of Zhaojiahe and then into Wangcheng county and further to Xinkang and finally into Xiangjiang River with a total length of 144km covering a basin area of 2447km 2. The Jinjiang River originates from Wanshoutang of County and through Ningxiang county to Peitou city and then Wangcheng county and flows into Xiangjiang at Baijiazhou for a total length of 85km covering an basin area of 781km2. Its main secondary tributaries are Chujiang, Wujiang, Baqujiang and Jinjinghewith a total basin area of 2066km2. PC3, Zhuzhou Clean Coal Component Surface water in the proposed coal plant region is mostly the Bai Shi Gang and Xiangjiang River. The Xiangjiang River is the main river of Hunan province, which is one of seven large tributaries of the Changjiang River. Its annual average flux is 1730m3 /s, the maximum flux is 20200 m3/s, the minimum flux is 101 m3 /s, annual average flow velocity is 0.25m/s, the flow velocity during the lowest-water-level period is 0.15m/s, the highest water level for average years is 42.60m, the lowest water level is 27.83m.

The Bai Shi Gang is one of main branches of the Zhuzhou urban section of Xiangjiang River, which is in the south of Changsha County with the length of 37km, and it flows into urban from the north suburb of Zhuzhou city with the main flow through city of 3.5km long. The water of Bai Shi Port is 1.0 to 2.Om deep, 5 to 18m wide, and the flux is about 2 to 1lm3 /s. The industry wastewater discharged by over 40 plants along the way of Bai Shi Gang urban section and living wastewater discharged by coastwise dweller flow into Xiangjiang River. PC4, CZT Logistics Centre Component The Xiangjiang River is the backbone of Zhuzhou. It is one of the main branches of Changjiang River and the largest river in Hunan Province, which starts at Haiyang Hill of Guangxi Province and northward through Hunan to Dongting Lake and Changjiang River. It is both the drinking and

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industrial water source of Zhuzhou. The main statistics of Xiangjiang River in Zhuzhou is listed below: Average Width Average Maximum Minimum Highest Water Lowest Water Runoff Runoff Runoff Level Level Recorded Recorded Recorded Recorded 600m 1730m3 /s 22250m 3/s 101 m3Is 44.59m 27.83m The Xiawan Gang (a discharge channel in northwest of Zhuzhou city) is west of the proposed site of logistic centre. The channel is 6 km long, 4-10 m wide and 0.5-1.5 m deep. Annual average flow in 3 dry seasons is about 3.0m /s. It maximum flow is 70m 3/s. It is the receiving water body of Qingshuitang industrial district of Zhuzhou city. PC6, Zhaoshan Scenic Area Component The Zhaoshan Scenic Area is an area of highlands adjacent to the Xiangjiang River. There are no major waterways within the scenic area itself. Zhaoshan Scenic Area is close to Xiangjiang River in the south. Xiangjiang River in Zhaoshan section is 3 km long, with minimum width of 150 m, minimum bending radius of 1310 m, average water level of 31.0 m. The average flow of many years 3 3 is 2060 m3/s, the highest flow is 20300m /s (Oct.6, 1996), the lowest flow is 1OOm /s (Oct.6, 1996).

3.1.7 Regional Water Pollutant Sources

The regional water pollution sources in the CZT area are provided in Table 3-9: Table 3-9 Regional Water Pollutant Sources (2003)

No Pollutant Sources Industrial COD (tS) (la) NH-) Others (t/a) Metallurgical TZn:28 I Smelting Corp. ind. 174.90 330.00 17.00 - TPb:5.00 TAs: 0.60 MNining Medicament Metallurgical 13.0 4.0 49 .4 Phenol:0.694 2 -Plant ind. 133.00 49.60 4.96 7.44 Sulphide:0.476 Chemical Industry Chemical TAs: 13.44 3 ChelaGroup ind. 5440.87 8655.83 75.95 236.39 TPb:3.3 ______Fluorid:485.49 4 Glass Corp. 102.09 70.71 v Glass Corp. material 5 N Qingshui Smelting Metallurgical Wastewaters: Plant ind. 3000 6 Xiangjiang NF Corp. ndm 3369.20 1340.50 79.57 2892.00 Cyanide: 1.8

7 Coal Gas Plant Urban public 69.44 38.26 4.843 - Phenol:0.3517 service

8 Thermal Power Plant Power ind. 21.87 36.25 - = TAs:0. 184 Fluorid:6. 125 9 Hygiene Technical school Wastewaters: High School 390000

10 Wuling Group Automobile 16.65 _ 0.77 - - 11 No.3 Hospital hospital - -

12~ Guanghua Textile Tetlan 12 Corpoation printing & 20.28 - _ _ Sulphide:0.08 x Corporation dyeing ind.

13 Wanshida Textile Textile and 13 Corporation printing & 33.96 - Sulphide:3.18

I ______I_ __ _ _ dyeing ind. I __ _ I_ _ I___ _ _ I______

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Xiangtan Textile Textile and 14 Cpatin printing & 2.43 - - _ Corporation ~dyeing ind. Machinery Anionic 15 River shore ind. - - 20.23 Surfactant:0.0038 Machinery Plant _ ._ TP:0.0317 Metallurgy & Metallurgical 16 Chemical Industry & chemical 2.77 - - _ TPb:0.016 Plant ind. .

17 Nantian Pesticide Pesticide ind. 311.50 - Corp. _ _

18 Electrochemical Corp. Chemical 159.00 908.00 - _ TMn:720.00 ind.

19 Zhenxiang Glass Plant Building 2.54 - 0.8606 TF:0.0647 ______m aterial ______

3.2 Biological Environment

In the EEB, the cropland occupies about 45.6%, woodland about 16.2%, water area about 19.3%, and river-island about 2.9%. The urban construction land area occupies less than 16%. The greening rate is high and land layout is in orderly way, and ecological conditions are good, but highly developed, and no natural areas exist in the project area.

From the point of view of scenic ecology, the eco-environment along the EEB is defined as follows: * The Corridor - Xiangjiang waters and marshes, which consists of: o Water body of Xiangjiang River; o Branches of Xiangjiang River; o River shore lakes and reservoirs;

o Small river islands, such as Moon Island, Orange Island, Fujia Island of Changsha; Waxberry of Xiangtan and Gusang Island, and Kongzhou Island of Zhuzhou. * Base Land, which consists of: o River shore lower cropland; o Hilly cropland, villages and woodland. * Natural Blocks that mainly consist of smaller hills. * Artificial Blocks such as urban areas of cities and towns According to the classifications above, the main layout of the EEB can be described as: Xiangjiang marshes, lowland plains and hilly land distributed belt-shaped sprinkled with urban areas of cities and towns; the whole natural landscape is organically integrated; the open eco-system of the Corridor decided that issues related to the eco-environment should be treated from point of view of the three cities, to make use of the natural resources in an orderly and rational way. On the other hand, problems occurred as a result of rapid expansion of cities: * Pressures on the eco-environment

* Co-development of the three cities may cause further destruction of the natural resources and decrease of agricultural culture; * Reduced ecological stability, destruction of public woods, corruption of soil, debasement of ability of preventing natural disaster;

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* Degraded ability of the ecological public woods to maintain the soil structure, gather water and protect the bio-diversity, and Xiangjiang River floods frequently in recent years. * Fragmented scenery, decrease of bio-diversity; * Degraded confluence of river and urban areas as a result of urban construction. The individual HUDP project component EAs included general information about the flora and fauna of the Hunan Province and HUDP cities. The project areas are a combination of urban and intensive agricultural areas with no undeveloped land affected. As such, native species of flora and fauna are few. The polluted levels of the watercourses and dams constructed at it upper stream limit aquatic life to a great degree. HEPRI has verified that there are no species of endangered flora or fauna in the project areas, as described in Chapter 3.4.

3.2.1 Flora

The rural HUDP sites and project areas contain only crops used for agriculture. There are no undeveloped areas affected. In the urban areas where sewerage is to be constructed, there is no native vegetation of any significance.

3.2.2 Fauna

Aquatic Fish According to the statistics, the Xiangjiang River contains a large variety of fishes among which 144 species (including subspecies) from 11 Orders, 26 Families and 86 Genera have been recorded. The fishery has ever been well developed and one of the three largest national egg-laying sites. But in recent years, as a result of construction of irrigation works and water pollution as well as over-fishing, some natural egg-laying sites and fish resources have been destroyed, and some no longer exist. Benthos

In the Integrated Study on Prevention and Control of Xiangjiang River Pollution in the 1980's, 71 species of benthos were recorded, including 12 nymphae from Plankton Order, 7 nymphae from Trichoptera Order, 7 nymphae from Chironomidae Family and 12 mollusk species, etc. In Fengxi Section of Zhuzhou, 33 benthos species including 7 pollution-sensitive species were collected while few were collected in Zhuzhou Xiawan Section; in Xiangtan Yijiawan Section, Changsha No.1 Bridge Section and Liuyang River Section. Aquatic lives, especially the pollution-sensitive species, are decreasing in quantities. Land The red soil takes up more than 70% of soil of the project areas. And the main soil type of the hilly land is of yellow soil, yellow-red soil and hilly meadow soil. The cropland is mainly of paddy field and spreads widely. The main forests in the project area are of Evergreen Wide-leaves, Deciduous Wide-leaves, the Mixed, Coniferous and Bamboos from families of Cupule, Camphor, Magnolia, Camellia, Elaeocarpus, Holly, Symplocaceae and subtropical conifer and cypress, etc. For the long cultivating history and frequent human activities, most of the natural wild vegetation is damaged and gives ways to cultivated pines, shrubberies and bamboos.

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In Zhaoshan Scenic Area, there is a maidenhair tree that is classified as Category II in the State Protected Plant Inventory. Common wild animals like hare, frog, and snake are found in project area. No rare animals or plants are found. In the other project sites, there are only domestic poultry and other farm animals located in the study areas and no wild animals are located in the vicinity of any HUDP projects.

3.2.3 Mineral Resources

Abundant mineral resources were found in this area. Of the richest deposits of minerals found are: Coal, Iron, Silicious Sand, Concrete Lime, Kaoline, Lead, etc. in Zhuzhou. Manganese, Coal, Iron, Silicious Sand, Concrete Lime, Kaoline, Lead, etc. are found in Xiangtan. Coal, Phosphor, Sulphur, some appreciation stones, etc. are found in Changsha.

3.2.4 Scenic Resources

There are many historic sites and showplaces in project area, including: * Zhuzhou: Emperor Yan Mausoleum, Dajing Scenic Area, Cave Taoyuan National Forest Park, Zifu Temple and Kongling Temple, etc. * Changsha: Mount Yuelu, Orange Island, Yuelu (ancient) College, Kaifu Temple, Tianxin Temple, Mawangdui Grave (of ), Martyr Park, ex-Residence of Chairman Liu Shaoqi etc. * Xiangtan: ex-Residence of Chairman Mao Tsetung and Marshal Peng Dehuai, Memorial of Chi Baishi (a celebrated painter), Zhaoshan Scenic Area and Yangtian Lake, etc. There is no natural Protection Zone of National or Provincial level in this area.

3.2.5 Special Issues

There were no special issues noted in the project areas such as sensitive plant or aquatic species, wetlands or wildlife habitat, cultural or historic sites except as noted in Section 3.4, or sensitive receptor groups.

3.3 Socio-cultural Environment

3.3.1 Hunan Province

Hunan Province is at the median of Chinese provinces on most economic criteria. Key indicators of Hunan with respect to other provinces are: * Seventh in population; * Twelfth in terms of gross domestic product; and * Seventeenth in GDP per capita, about 22 percent below the national average. The Province has a significant agricultural base and is one of China's rice baskets. It possesses coal, iron, and timber resources, benefits from an abundant water supply, and is a major power producer. The western half of the Province is rural, mountainous, and poor, but cities in the eastern part are showing strong industrial growth. The CZT Area consists of three cities (Changsha, Zhuzhou and

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Xiangtan), four secondary cities, 8 counties and 11 districts. It has an area of 28,088 square km and a population of 12,380,000, which is 18.9% of Hunan Province. CZT is the most highly developed area of Hunan Province. In 2000, the GDP was 116,15 billion yuan in RMB which is 32.5%7 of provincial GDP. The average per capita GDP is 9382 yuan in RMB. The GDP of the CZT area ranks 8'h of all the provincial capital cities and municipalities. It is close to that of , the capital city of Hubei Province, and is 25.5% of that of Shanghai. the largest city in China. The average GDP is only 7.3% of that of Shanghai. Relatively speaking, of the CZT area, Changsha economy is at the middle level, while Xiangtan and Zhuzhou is still within the middle and lower level.

3.3.2 Changsha

The Changsha municipality is situated in the northeast part of Hunan Province. It is located in the transit area between the river valley plain of the lower reaches of the Xiangjiang River, with Dongting Lake to its north and Hengshan Mountain in the south. The Xiangjiang River divides the city into the east and west sections. The Changsha municipality covers an area of 11,800 km2 , of which 554 km2 is the urban area.

Changsha is the capital of Hunan Province. It is rich in tourism, mineral and biological resources, and it is also the industrial, agricultural, and commercial base of Hunan Province. In 2000, the GDP of the city was RMB 65.641 Billion. The annual average growth rate of GDP is over 11%. The total production value of industry and agriculture was RMB 73.727 billion. The FSR is reported a total population of 5.83 million in 2000 and the urban population was 1.86 million.

3.3.3 Xiangtan

The Xiangtan Municipality is located in the eastem part of Hunan Province, in the middle and lower reaches of the Xiangjiang River with Changsha upstream and Zhuzhou downstream. It covers an area 2 of 5,015km of which the urban area covers an area of about 279km 2 , of which 61km2 are built up areas. The city had a total population of 2.8M at the end of year 2000 and the population within the urban area was 671,300. It is within the CZT Economic Zone of Hunan Province. The length of the Xiangjiang River within Xiangtan is 42km in length of which 4.7km is within the urban area. The width of the Municipality from west to east is about 180km and the length from north to south is about 81 km. It is bounded to the north by three counties: Ningxiang, Wangcheng and Changsha, to the east are Zhuzhou urban district and Zhuzhou county, to the south are Hengdong, Hengshan and Shuangfeng counties and to the west is Loudi and Lianyuan cities. Mountains and hills surround the city. The middle area is comparatively flat. The general elevation is between 40 and 70 meters. The Xiangjiang River crosses the Xiangtan urban district in an "S" shape from south to north. The Xiangtan Municipality is rich in natural resources particularly in minerals, hydropower and tourism. It is an important industrial city and at the same time it has also topped the agricultural production and average living standard in the Hunan Province. The FSR reports that up to the end of 2000. the GDP of the city was 22.47 billion RMB, up by 9.44% compared with the previous year. The total production value of agriculture, forestry and fishery was 5.26 billion RMB, up by 1.28% compared with the year before. The total industry production value was 25.86 billion RMB, up by 12.57% compared with the year before.

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3.3.4 Zhaoshan

Zhaoshan scenic area is located in the northeast of Xiangtan municipality. It is the hub joining the three cities and the important junction of the Xiangjiang ecological economy belt. It covers an area of 17 km2 , of which Zhaoshan hill covers 2.24 kM2, and Yantian Lake covers 1.98 km2. To the north is Muyun Town of Changsha, to the east is Baima Town of Zhuzhou, to the south is Hetang Village, and to the west is the Xiangjiang River. Zhaoshan area boasts abundant natural resources, particularly biological and tourism resources. The landform of the Zhaoshan area is steeply sloping from the northeast to the southwest. The southwest of the area is river valley plain, of which the lowest point is in Wujiagang, 29.6 m above sea level. The southwest plain is generally flat with an elevation lower than 50 m. The hilly area in the northeast belongs to the southeast branch of the Hengshan Mountain range. The general elevation is between 150-300 m, in which Zhaoshan is approximately 173 m above sea level.

3.3.5 Zhuzhou

The Zhuzhou municipality is located in the eastern part of Hunan Province and the middle and lower reaches of Xiangjiang River. It covers an area of 11,272 kM2, of which 542km2 are urban. The urban area joins Zhuzhou County in the southeast, Xiangtan in the west, Changsha County in the north. The Xiangjiang River passes through from south to north and divides the city into east and west sections. This urban area comprises the old town on the east side of the river, and a newer area on the west side of the river designated for development. The total population was 3.72M in 2000, with an urban population of 748,500. The general landform is higher in the southeast and lower in the northwest. It is composed of varying topography. The width of the municipality from the east to west is 88.75km and the length from south to north is 219.25km. The proposed scenic road is situated in Zhuzhou urban area and Zhuzhou County. The general elevation of the project area is 39 to 42m. Zhuzhou is an industrial city well known for non-ferrous metal metallurgy and processing, machinery, chemistry and building materials. It is also rich in minerals, hydropower and forestry resources. Agriculture output is high in grain, fruits, and animal husbandry. The GDP in 2000 was 29.14 Billion RMB Yuan, with 8.83M Yuan of the city. The total production value of industry and agriculture was 54.93 Billion RMB Yuan. The economic strength of Zhuzhou has been enhanced significantly since the early 1980s.

3.4 Areas of Special Designation

HEPRI attempted to verify that all project components in all HUDP project cities had no effect on areas of special designation. They noted that the local EPBs have approved all individual project components, and they noted that the local EPBs have the detailed information on sensitive areas under their jurisdiction. In addition, HEPRI visited the sites of all proposed HUDP facilities and verified that the projects will have no effect on areas of special designation.

3.4.1 Endangered Flora and Fauna

In 1986, the Environmental Protection Committee of the State Council published a "Chinese Rare and In Severe Danger Protection Plant List". It was subsequently revised in 1987 by NEPA. In addition, a "State Key Protection Wildlife List" was published and approved by the State Council in 1988. HEPRI consulted local EPBs and scientific research institutes, and found that there are no listed

Consolidaled Environmental Assessment 3-18 DRAFr 03/B[Februarv 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

species in the project area that could be affected by the HUDP project construction. Also, none were found during site visits.

3.4.2 Historic and Cultural Sites

A state law called the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Cultural Relics" was adopted by the 25th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Fifth National People's Congress and promulgated by Order No. II of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on November 19, 1982. Since then, there has been an extensive range of laws and regulations concerning the cultural heritage. These laws and regulations are administered by the State Administration for Cultural Heritage (SACH) for conservation of individual sites and buildings, and the Ministry of Construction (MOC) for historic urban areas, World Heritage Sites, are administered by the Ministry of Education (MOE) in their relationship with UNESCO. For HUDP, guiding legislation will come from SACH and MOC. It must be remembered however, that the Provincial Municipal and Districts Governments will have their own regulations concerning the particular qualities and requirement for conservation of buildings, sites and urban areas in their areas. HEPRI consulted with the scientific research institutes and found that no protected sites were affected by HUDP components, except for Konglin Temple which is protected at Municipal level.

3.4.3 Parklands or Other Special Sites

There were only a few sensitive areas or receptors noted in any of the HUDP project areas such as parklands, schools, hospitals or others that needed special protection from the proposed HUDP construction or operational impacts. These have been identified and mainly additional noise mitigation measures proposed.

According to HEPRI, there are no natural reserves in the project areas that will be adversely affected by the HUDP.

3.4.4 Watershed Protection Zones

Refer to table in Chapter 1.

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 3-19 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Figure 3.1 Geographic Location of the HUDP Components

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4 Environmental Management and Problems

4.1 Water and Environmental Institutional Arrangements

The Constitution of the People's Republic of China (1982) provides the framework for environmental protection law in China. Article 26 of the Constitution stipulates that the "the State protects and improves the living environment and the ecological environment, prevents and remedies pollution and other public hazards." National legislation is comprehensive and appears to cover most areas of environmental concern. However, the level of enforcement in Hunan, as in the rest of China, is sometimes less than satisfactory. The Chinese economy continues to grow rapidly and there is often a trade-off between the strict enforcement of environmental legislation and promoting economic growth and employment.

4.1.1 The National Level

Table 4-1 shows the national water and environmental laws that are relevant to the HUTDP projects. Table 4-1: National Water and Environmental Laws Important to HUDP SECTOR LAW Water Water Law of the PRC And Water Pollution Prevention Law of the PRC Wastewater Implementing Regulations for Water Pollution Prevention Law of the PRC Water Pollution Control Technical Strategy issued by the People's State Council, PRC Temporary Managing Method for Water Pollution (license for discharging water pollution) Environmental Protection Supervision Management Method for Sewage Treatment Facilities Pollution Control Management Regulation for Water Sources, Protection Zones for Drinking Water Temporary Method for Collecting Discharge Fees Financial Management and Accounting of Collection of Discharge Fees

SECTOR LAW Environmental Environmental Protection Law of PRC Protection Environment Impact Assessment Law of PRC Environmental Protection Law and regulation of the atmosphere Regulation for Noise controls National Environmental Monitoring Management Regulation Environmental Protection Law and Regulation for Enterprises Owned by Street Commission Cleaner Production Promotion Law of PRC

SECTOR LAW Natural Resources Protection Law and Regulation for the Natural Environment Land Management Law of the PRC Forest Law of the PRC

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 4-1 DRAFT 03/B/Februarv 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Cormnission

All surface waters in China have been classified according to the ambient stream standards below. The following is a general translation of the surface water classes:

Class Description

I used for water sources and state nature reserves

II used for class I protection areas for drinking water sources, protection zones for valuable fish, spawning grounds of fish and shrimps

III used for class II protection areas for drinking water sources, general protection zones for fish and bathing areas

IV used for general industrial water areas and water recreation areas where no direct contact with humans occurs

V used for agricultural water areas and scenic water areas.

Note that multi-purposed water areas are classified according to their highest function. To achieve a particular water quality class the following ten indices should all meet the target standards for the class (i.e. 100% compliance) in wet, normal and dry seasons: * Dissolved oxygen * COD * Volatile phenol * Ammonia nitrate * Cyanide * Total mercury * Total arsenic * Total lead * Chromium (Cr 6+) * Total cadmium.

The Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water, GB 3838-2002, was issued on April 28, 2002, and became effective on June 1, 2002. This standard replaced GB3838-88 and detail numeric standards for various parameters were provided in Chapter 1. Other standards that are particularly relevant to HUDP EAs include:

* CJ 3020-93 Water Quality Standard for Drinking Water Sources * GB 18918-2002Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal WWTP * CJ 18-86 Discharge Water Quality into Urban Sewerage * GB 8978-96 Comprehensive Discharge Standard for Wastewater (All) * GB 5084-92 Agriculture Irrigation Water Quality * GB 11607-89 Fishery Waters Quality Standard * GB 4284-84 Agricultural Use of Sludge * GB 3096-93 Standard for Environmental Noise of Urban Area & GB 3095-96 Ambient Air Quality Standard

Consolidated Environmenta Assessment 4-2 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Relative to flood control and drainage, proposed works in the HUDP have been reviewed against the relevant National Standards (GB50286 - 98, GB 50201-94, and SL252 - 2000). Source: "Collection of Water Conservancy Technology and Standard".

4.1.2 The Provincial Level

Environmental management at the provincial level is performed in accordance with an integrated system of environmental control from the national to local levels. Figure 4.1 (end of chapter) shows the general relationships of the provincial level EPB in relation to the other levels.

The Provincial targets of the national Tenth Five-year Plan for environmental protection were outlined in detail in Chapter 1.1.3. The objectives of HUDP (including the components related to energy, transportation, flood control, tourism, urban wastewater treatment and ecological improvement) are consistent with and foster the environmental objectives of the Tenth Five-year Plan. The HUDP will accrue benefits to the improvement of urban environment quality, water quality in Xiangjiang River, landscape ecology, the reduction of air pollution, the enhancement of flood control and the promotion of tourism development. It is a very important move in implementing CZT regional plan.

The implementation of HUDP will vigorously raise the levels of central wastewater treatment rates and; treating and reducing wastewater pollutant loads will help realize the control objectives of total pollutant discharge amounts; effectively controlling the environmental pollution tendency and meeting the standard of surface water during the period of the Tenth Five-year Plan. The appearances, styles and grades of the project cities can be much upgraded through environmental rehabilitation and water environment quality improvement, laying a solid foundation for the sustainable development of the province in the future.

4.1.3 The City and County Level

The City and County level EPBs are mainly involved in monitoring and enforcing standards and regulations set by the national level (SEPA) or the Provincial EPB. There is, however, some local level planning for environmental management such as city-wide master planning which generally includes river enhancement work for aesthetics, recreation and tourism. This work includes riverside parks and walkways.

4.2 Attainment of Goals, Standards, Regulations

Goals for flood protection in terms of urban, industrial, rural, transportation facilities, water conservancy and hydro-power works, power facilities, communication facilities, historic heritage site and tourist facilities are clearly defined in the Standard for Flood Control of the People's Republic of China (GB 50201-94)

China has made the issue of environmental protection one of its fundamental policies for the country's sustainable development. It was the national goal that the present pollution situation shall be alleviated so that all the major cities shall be improved in terms of environmental quality by the year 2000. One of the main policy statements is the so called "three at the same time" which means that planning, implementing and progressing shall be achieved simultaneously with economic development, urban/rural development and environmental improvements. Other main policy statements include:

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* prevention combined with mitigation is preferred; * pollution shall be mitigated by the one who has generated the pollution (polluter pays). Concerning water quality, focus is on the following issues:

* control of industrial discharge of heavy metals, organic and chemical pollutants; * introduction of clean technology, updating of production procedures to conserve water and to increase production efficiency; * construction of centralised domestic wastewater treatment works to improve the environmental quality in urban areas and to reduce the pollution of rivers. * improvement of surface water quality by means of river pollution mitigation, water resource conservation, and enhanced management of the water sector.

4.2.1 Flood Protection and Drainage Standards

The Hunan Water Resources Bureau selected the flood protection standards applied to PCI. The applicable grade and classification of the flood control and drainage works were taken from the relevant National Standards (GB50286 - 98 and SL252 - 2000). The grades of flood control works relate to the relative importance of the urban area to be protected, or in the case of rural areas the actual area to be protected. The class of embankment structures corresponds with the grade of the embankment.

Drainage works Grade IV corresponds with a drainage standard of pumping the 10-year 1-day storm run-off in 22 hours. The grade is related to the capacity of the pumping station except for embankment structures for which the embankment grade applies. The flood protection standards, grading and classification of works for the design of each section of the PCI project are shown in Table 4-2.

Table 4-2 Flood Protection and Drainage Standards for PCI Area Location Flood Protection Flood Control Drainage Works Standard Works Return Period Grade/Class Grade City 100 years II Important City Pump Pump Stn Rural 50 years III Rural area Stn 10- >10OOkw 100-30 10OOkw (10,OOOmu) (lha=l5mu) Changsha Jiefang Polder 100 11/2

C ity______Changsha Nantuoyuan Polder 50 111/3 County Zhaoshan Jinjian 50 1113 Zhaoshan Yangtianhuyan 50 111/3 IV III

Polder ______Xiangtan City 100 11/2 Zhuzhou City 100 11/2 Zhuzhou 50 111/3 County Source: Section 5.1 FSR

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4.2.2 Road Standards

A summary of the design standards for the various sections of the scenic road is summarised in Table 4-3

Table 4-3 Road Standards Applied to PCI Sections Zhuzhou/Xiangtan Urban Changsha, Zhaoshan, Zhuzhou Sections Suburb and Zhuzhou County Road class Class I Urban Secondary Class III Highway Main Road Design speed (km/hr) 50 km/hr 40km/hr Road base width (m) 22.5 26 8 10.5 12 Length of road (km) 10.53 3.34 12.06 23.65 18.78 No. of lane 4 2 Min. Horizontal Radius(m) 500 50 Max. Long Gradient(%) 0.008 5 Min Summit Radius(m) 1000 700 Min. Sag Radius(m) 2357.26 595 Lane width(m) 3.75 3.75, 3.5 Pavement Grade Medium medium Cross Fall(%) 1.5 1.5 Road verge width (m) 0.75 0.75, 0.5 Culverts and Calculated Vehicle-20 Vehicle-20 Bridges load Design Checked load Trailer- 100 Trailer-100

The above road design parameters are basically in line with the main objectives of maintaining the current dyke width wherever possible, and minimisation of resettlement. The main considerations for suburban or rural sections were to respect the footprint of the dyke and minimise the volume of cut and fill earthwork and resettlement. Based on these considerations and because of the low traffic volume anticipated, the carriageway width in rural areas has been limited to 8m-12m with 2 lanes and designed to Class III standard in principle. However in some places with road standards lower than Class IV (such as curves, geometric alignment, etc.), it was necessary to lower the standards to Class IV. In urban sections, it was identified with a traffic study that the scenic road will also be functioning as a part of urban road network plan. The carriage width in urban sections was designed to 22.5m- 26m with 4 lanes and designed to Urban Secondary Main Road I Standards in principle.

The design speed was carefully chosen, as it is the key element, which establishes standards for the horizontal alignment and profile of the scenic road. The scenic road in rural sections is designed with a design speed of 40km/hr, and in urban sections it is designed with a design speed of 50km/hr. The vehicle speed determines the safe horizontal or vertical curvature of the road.

A summary of the design standards for Class III highway and urban secondary main road are presented shown in Tables4-4 and 4-5.

Table 4-4 The Basic Design Parameters For A Class III Highway Road class Class III highway Design Speed(kn/h) 60 30 No. of lane 2 2 Road Base Width (m) 8.5 7.5

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Road class Class III highway Ultimate Min. horizontal Radius(m) 125 30 Min. Length of Transition Curves 50 25 Max. Superelevation on horizontal curves (%() 8 Max. Longitudinal Gradient (%) 6 8 Min Summit Radius(m) 2000 400 Min. Sag Radius(m) 1500 400 Min. Length of Longitudinal Grades (m) 150 100 Road Verge Width (m) 0.75 0.75 Stopping Sight Distance (m) 75 30

Table 4-5 The Basic Design Parameters for Urban Secondary Main Road I Road Class Urban secondary main road I Design speed (kin/h) 50 Lane Width (m) 3.75 Non-motorized lane width (m) 1.0 Min. Horizontal Curve without superelevation (m) 400 Min. Horizontal Curve with superelevation (m) 100 Min. Length of Transition Curves 45 Max. Longitudinal Gradient (%) 7 Min Summit Radius(m) 1350 Min. Sag Radius(m) 1050 Min. Length of Longitudinal Grades (m) 150 Hard shoulder width (m) 0.75 Stopping sight distance (m) 60

4.2.3 Surface Water Quality

Water Quality in XiangjiangRiver

Water quality in the main stream of sections upper stream of Zhuzhou is between Grade II and III of national standard. A pollution plume at right-hand shore side of Xiangjiang River in Zhuzhou section is visible due to receiving large volume of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage from five inflow channels. Further downstream in Xiangtan section, due to the loads of industrial wastewater from Yuetang industrial district, and the load of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater at both sides of the river at Xiangtan urban district section, a pollution plume at both shore sides of Xiangjiang River in this section is visible. Water quality in Changsha section improves because of river water dilution and self-purification. However, the reception of industrial wastewater from Liu Yang stream and San Chaji industrial district further deteriorates the River water quality.

Water quality in Xiangjiang (sections in CZT Area) over the last three years are summarised in Table 4-6.

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Table 4-6 Summary of Water Quality in Xiangjiang River Year City Section Water quality Main pollutants grade 2001 Zhuzhou Baishi Gang E Oils

Xiawan n Oils,TP, Total-Hg, NH3 -N, Total-As

Xiangtan Ma Jiahe E Oils, Total Hg, Coliforms Wuxing D Total-Hg, Total-Cd, Oils, Coliforms Yi Jiawan U Total-Hg, Total-Cd, Coliforms Zhaoshan U Total-Hg, Coliforms Changsha Hou Zishij Total-Hg, Total-Cd, Total-As, Oils, Coliforms 2002 Zhuzhou Baishi Gang O Oils

Xiawan U Oils, Total-Hg, Total-Cd, NH3-N, Total-As Xiangtan Ma Jiahe U Total-Hg, Oils, Coliforms Wuxing U Total-Hg, Total-Cd, Oils, Coliforms Yi Jiawan E Oils, Total-Hg, Total-Cd, Coliforms Zhaoshan L Total-Hg Changsha Hou Zishi U Oils, Total-Hg 2003 Zhuzhaou Baishi Gang O

Xiawan U NH3-N, Total-Hg, Oils, Coliforms Xiangtan Ma Jiahe U Coliforms Wuxing El Total-Hg, Total-Cd, Coliforms

Yi Jiawan U NH3-N, Total-Cd, Coliforms Zhaoshan U Total-Hg, Coliforms Changsha Hou Zishi L Total-Hg, Coliforms

Data in Table 4-6 indicate that water quality in Xiangjiang River tends to be improving. Water quality at river section upper stream of Baishi Gang is in Grade III (satisfying the designated function), but violated at the downstream due to domestic sewage and industrial wastewater load from Zhuzhou and Xiangtan.

Tables 4-7 and 4-8 (end of chapter) provide water quality monitoring data for the past few years in the CZT area as provided to HEPRI by the Environmental Monitoring Centres. The environmental function zonings of surface water are shown in Figure 13.

The arrangement of the regular monitoring sections are shown in Figure 4.2 and listed as follows:

* Zhuzhou: Section of Baishi - 300m downstream from Confluence of Baishi and Xiangjiang River; Section of Xiawan - 7km down away from Baishi; * Xiangtan: Section of Majiahe - 10km downstream from Baishi; Section of Wuxing - 23km downstream from Baishi; * Changsha: Section of Muyun -'44km downstream from Baishi; Section of Houzishi - 60km downstream from Baishi; Section of Sanchaji - 75km downstream from Baishi;

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The water quality monitoring data indicated.the following:

* In the section of Baishi, only Oil exceeded Grade III of National Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002), by 44.4%, while other parameters are within the limit of Grade III;

* In the section of Xiawan, due to receiving of industrial waste water from industrial district in Zhuzhou. CODcr, BOD5, NH3-N, Cd, TP, Hg and Oil exceeded Grade III by 2.76, 1.22, 2.2, 3.55 and 0.14 times respectively; * In the sections of Xiangtan, the monitored parameters all met Grade III of the Standard except Oil;

* In the sections of Changsha, Coliforms, Oil, Hg, NH3-N exceeded Grade III at the rate of 83.33%, 29.17%, 25.69% and 14.58%, some other parameters like SS, As, Cd, DO, TP, CODcr exceeded occasionally. Water Quality in Liuyang River

In the Liuyang River, there are three regular monitoring stations along Liuyang River (Changsha City section), including 12 monitored parameters. According to the regular monitoring data from Changsha Environmental Monitoring Station in 2001 and 2002, water quality in Liuyang River (Changsha City section) is worse than Grade IV in general. Some parameters, e.g. NH3 -N, As, total-Cd is at Grade V. Gold mining, dressing at Qibaoshan at upper reaches and domestic wastewater (from Changsha City and Liuyuan City) discharged into the river at it upper stream without treatment are the major pollution sources of the River.

Water quality monitoring data for Liuyang River are shown in Table 4-9 at the end of the chapter.

4.2.4 Water Supplies, Treatment and Distribution

The central water treatment plants (WTPs) in the CZT region generally utilise surface water abstraction from the Xiangjiang River. Due to the deterioration of water quality in the Xiangjiang River, some CZT cities are exploring options to import raw water for the WTPs from sources away from the Xiangjiang River. For instance, Changsha is doing preliminary planning to develop a new source of potable water at a reservoir far upstream of Changsha along the Liuyang River.

The natural and man-made problems in the raw water used by WTPs in the study area result in many cases in treated water that fails to meet Chinese standards for part of the time. Furthermore, these standards are somewhat less stringent than those used in most developed countries. Water supplied at the tap is considered non-potable in all HUJDP cities and bottled and boiled water is used for domestic purposes.

4.2.5 Wastewater Collection and Septic Tanks

Sewerage systems in the project area are usually combined in the older areas and separate in the newer development areas. The policy in China is to gradually separate existing combined systems and in several of the cities there are plans for rehabilitation of existing sewerage systems, changing to separate systems in the process. This process will generally occur as the older city centres are redeveloped in the future.

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Treatment of wastewater starts at the housing blocks where wastewater often passes through a septic tank before discharge to the public sewer system. This treatment reduces the suspended solids and also, to a varying degree, the level of BOD and nutrients. If these septic tanks are abandoned after construction of a WWTP, the loading estimates to the WWTP would increase by about 10% for BOD and 30% for suspended solids, if it is assumed that existing tanks are in widespread use and are working effectively. In practice one finds that the tanks are emptied infrequently, in many cases once in three years. In practice therefore one would expect the concentrations of BOD and SS to rise by only small amounts.

Wastewater collection has been steadily improving in the area, considering that open stormwater drains were widely used in most areas until a few years ago. Urban areas have required the use of septic tanks in homes and other buildings for many years with the overflow to the combined sewer systems. The early sewerage was usually a combined system that conveyed stormwater plus sanitary wastewater. The new areas of the cities are being built with separated sewer systems to keep stormwater away from the sanitary wastewater. However, the use of septic tanks is still usually required since few central WWTPs have yet been constructed.

There is no common timetable for the construction of separate sewers, WWTPs and the elimination of septic tanks. It would appear that many septic tanks will continue to be used in the HUJDP study area for at least another decade.

As described in detail in the PC2 project description, Changsha (and other CZT cities) are maintaining combined sewer systems with storm overflows into the near future, without significant work on separation of sewer systems. As such, significant pollutant loadings will continue to occur in the CZT cities, even after the construction of central WWTPs. However, the large flows that follow storm periods in the region somewhat mitigate the impact of these raw sewage overflows.

4.2.6 Wastewater Discharges - Domestic Sewage

CZT Cities

In the CZT region, the existing sewerage systems are available only in the constructed urban area in cities of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan. While in rural area, all domestic sewage, partially controlled industrial wastewater and livestock excrement are discharged directly into water bodies, usually without sufficient wastewater treatment.

In the city of Changsha, existing sewerage systems are formed into two systems that are divided by Xiangjiang River. Wastewater collection in Changsha city east bank area is generally based on the combined sewer in principle. The west bank area has no sewerage system now, and the sewage flows into open drainages, eventually entering the Xiangjiang River. Based on natural geographic condition, the eastern bank urban are planned to have seven drainage areas, including two served by existing WWTPs and collection and interception sewers with total length of 648 km.

In Xiangtan City, the drainage system is a combined one; the total sewerage network is 335 km long. The statistics in 2002 shows that the discharge amount of wastewater is about 320,000 m3/d, including 3 189,000 m /d of industrial wastewater, of which 84.8% reportedly meets discharge standards, and 3 320,340 m /d of domestic sewage. At present, Xiangtan possesses one existing municipal WWTP, the Shaoshan WWTP, which is capable of treating 6,000 cubic meters per day, and the East Bank WWTP, which is under construction and will go into operation in 2004, and be capable of treating 100.000 m3/d.

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In Zhuzhou City, the drainage system in Zhuzhou is divided into two parts, the eastern part and the western part. The combined system is also used in the eastern part, the industrial wastewater is pre- treated by the polluters and discharged into the municipal drainage pipes with domestic sewage and finally discharged into Xiangjiang River. In the planned area of the western part, the rainwater and wastewater converge at the end of the pipelines and are discharged into Xiangjiang River or other waterbody nearby. In the unplanned area, old drainage pipelines of 391.070 km long are still in use.

In 2002, the discharge amount of wastewater in Zhuzhou was 843,000 m3 /d. including 228,000 m3/d of industrial wastewater and 615,000 m3/d of domestic sewage. There are 2 existing WWTPs (Xiawan WWTP, capable of treating 100,000 m3/d; and Dongjiaduan WWTP, 12,000 m3/d) and the Longquan WWTP under construction with planned treatment capacity of 60,000 m3/d in 2005 and 100,000 m3/d in 2010. In the suburban and rural area, the domestic and most of the industrial wastewater are directly discharged without any treatment, which causes severe pollution to the Xiangjiang River and groundwater.

Many houses in the cities have septic tanks but many are too small and regular maintenance is not usually performed. The ultimate goal of all Hunan province cities is the complete separation of all sanitary sewers but funding limitations will mean that combined sewers with septic tanks will be utilised for many years. Some of the cities are purchasing vacuum trucks to maintain the tanks in the long period of time it takes to separate the entire sewer system. The current sewerage design is based on intercepting up to twice the average dry weather flow in the system, and overflowing the remainder to surface water during storm events.

Untreated Wastewater Quality

Monitoring studies carried out by the HEPRI indicated that wastewater in drainage areas served by existing WWTPs in Changsha was characteristically of low strength with BOD and COD levels typically between 50% and 60% of the low strength classification in the 'Outdoor Drainage Design Manual'. After making allowance for likely improvements in the collection system to reduce infiltration, the DRA assumed that some increase in concentration of pollutants is likely in the future and have therefore proposed the design criteria for influent wastewater corresponding to low strength wastewater classification of the national guidelines, as shown in Table 4-10:

Table 4-10 Proposed WWTP Influent Wastewater Concentrations for Design Parameter BOD5 COD Suspended Solids TKN TP Value 100 mg/l 220 mg/I 150 mg/l 20 mg/A 3 mg/l

Wastewater Quantity and Quality Monitoring

Further monitoring of wastewater flow and quality in Changshanyuan drainage area was carried out by HEPRI after issue of the first edition of the FSR. Four monitoring points were established in the drainage channels at points just upstream of the four pumping stations in the area. These were monitored for three days in May 2003. Three additional points in drainage ditches on the east bank of the Liuyang River were also monitored in August 2003 apparently on the understanding that this area may be included in the service area of the Changshanyuan WWTP.

Results of the monitoring were reported by HEPRI as shown in Table 4-11:

Table 4-11 Results of HEPRI Flow Monitoring

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Location Flow (m /h) COD (mg/I) BODs (mg/I) NH3-N TP (mg/I) SS (mg/I) (mg/I) Tingzigang 600 348.8 300.0 29.7 6.2 132 Yaodongzi 2100 154.8 62.5 16.7 2.7 I11 Wujiazhou 380 180.8 70.0 14.5 2.0 120 Central 720 162.5 65.5 18.0 1.9 140 Ditch No 1 370 172.0 84.0 25.0 2.5 120 Ditch No 2 410 175.0 72.5 30.5 3.2 150 Ditch No 3 520 185.0 95.0 21.5 1.8 150

Analysis for certain heavy metals was also carried out by HEPRI but found to be negligible. Flow weighted averages for the determinants were derived by HEPRI as shown in Table 4-12:

Table 4-12 Average Monitored Wastewater Concentrations

Parameter COD BOD5 NH3 -N l TP SS As Hg Pb Cr Average 188.0 96.9 22.0 2.8 125 0.0014 0.0002 0.02 0.004 Value (mgA) I HEPRI also identified that there were few large or medium sized industrial or commercial water consumers apart from Gaoqiao Market, Mawangdui Market, the Railway Station and Hunan Rubber Factory which together consume about 6,396 m3/day. Wastewater flow and quality projections were made on the basis of the monitoring. Existing wastewater flow was assessed at 91,200 m3 /day from the defined service area and a further 31,200 m3 /day from the areas on the east bank which may be included in the service area of the WWTP. Projections were made on the assumption that the east bank areas will be included in the service area giving a projected permanent population of 250,000 by 2010. The projected total wastewater flow in 2010 after allowing for floating population contributions 3 is estimated at 150,000 m /day as compared with the current design of the WWTP of 120,000 m3/day.

Current and projected pollution loads are reproduced in Table 4-13. Projections rely on wider national and international experience of comparable situations rather than recorded data in the catchment area. Corresponding pollution concentrations in the influent are given in italics in Table 4-13.

Table 4-13 Projected Pollution Loads

Year COD (g /cd) BOD5 (g/c/d) NH 3-N (g/c/d) TP (g/cd) 2003 | 102 (180 mg/i) 55 (100 mg/i) 10 (18 mg/l) 1.6 (2.8 mg/i) 2005 120 (200 mg/i) 65 (108 mg/) 15 (25 mg/i) 1.8 (3.0 mg/i) 2010 150 (250 mg/l) 75 (125 mg/i) 20 (33 mg/i) 2.0 (3.2 mg/l) HEPRI also reported the results of flow monitoring at 4 points in the service area and also 3 further locations in ditches in Dongan town on the east bank of the Liuyang River outside the service area. Flow projections by HEPRI include flows from the Dongan area which was not previously identified as part of the service area. The reasons for including the flow from this area in the projections are understandable as the WWTP has been relocated to the east side of the Liuyang River and could easily include flows from Dongan. However, this would mean increasing the capacity of the proposed Changshanyuan WWTP by 25%. At a meeting with CDMC in November 2003, the CDMC indicated that they did not want the flow from this additional area included in the catchment for Changshanyuan WWTP, and that they had instructed HEPRI to revise and resubmit their report accordingly

DRA ConsultantAssessment of Wastewater Quantity and Quality

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To date it has not been possible to obtain sufficient data to make an independent assessment of wastewater flows and quality. Efforts are continuing to obtain further information so that the FSR flow projections and the projections given in the HEPRI report can be verified.

4.2.7 Wastewater Discharges - Industrial Pollution

The status of industrial wastewater discharge in the province and the project cities can be seen in Table 4-14.

Table 4-14 Status of Industrial Wastewater Discharge (in 2002) Region Industrial Wastewater Meeting-Standard Rate of Meeting Standard Dischargeo( Volume Discharge nVolume (Dillion mV) (million me) Changsha 43.11 35.57 82.5 Xiangtan 132.87 99.90 75.2 Zhuzhou 83.35 58.41 70.1 Note: The statistical data of the three project municipalities include those of their counties/cities at county level. In the PC2 component service area in Changsha, it is reported by Furong Urban District EPB that there are no industrial factories/enterprises in the service area except for some small workshops (e.g. fabricated rubber product workshops, blower fan workshops, noodle machine workshop, metal fittings workshops and garages. The domestic sewage from Hunan Rubber Factory is to be served by PC2 component, while its industrial production has become impoverished and out of the service area of PC2 component. Therefore, the proposed Changshanyuan WWTP is to treat typical domestic sewage, including some commercial wastewater and very small proportion of industrial wastewater from small workshops.

Wastewater reports and loadings contained in the feasibility reports and HEPRI EA indicate that modem and clean technology industries are now promoted as requested in "the Law on Promotion of Clean Production of the People's Republic of China. Many of the older factories, especially State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) are being closed down, shifting production process, reorganized for both economic and environmental reasons, especially to meet the goals of pollution load reduction.

4.2.8 Sludge Disposal for Septic Tanks and WWTP

Nightsoil and septic tank sludge have historically been applied directly to agricultural land. The public health problems associated with these practices, in direct contact as well as potential crop contamination, have been well documented. Local officials are moving to eliminate these practices as soon as practicable. The construction of WWTP and the production of sludge from WWTPs is a relatively new issue in the province. In many cases, sludge from WWTPs in China has been applied directly to agricultural land, either with or without dewatering.

Based on the assumptions of low heavy metal content in the influent wastewater and a well-operated extended aeration WWTP, sludge from the proposed Changsha PC2 WWTP had originally been planned for land application by city. HEPRI has modified the EA to require landfilling of the WWTP sludge. HEPRI have provided certificates from the local landfills that they are willing to accept the WWTP sludge, and they have certified that the landfills are engineered with leachate control facilities. They have also verified the acceptability of sludge hauling routes. Details of the landfill are provided in the FSR and sub-component EA.

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4.2.9 Solid Waste Collection and Disposal

Most of domestic rubbish is landfilled in Hunan although some of the landfill site are too simple to be a sanitary landfill sites. According to the statistics 2001, there were 65 landfills in the province. In addition, there were 3 incineration plants and one rubbish compost plant. The total solid wastes disposal capacity in the province is about 17 800 t/d, or 5.055 million t/a.

Surface water systems in the province, like most areas of China, suffer from significant solid waste accumulation since rainwater runoff conveys much of this MSW into nearly streams and watercourses.

4.2.10 PC2 Water Quality Improvements

According to the influent water quality and standard requirement, the secondary treatment should be adopted, capable of phosphorus and nitrogen removal. The treatment technique of Changshanyuan WWTP is of A2/O, which is the internationally popularised secondary treatment method. In 2010, the influent water quality of this project is projected as follows:

BOD5: 150mg/I;

COD,,: 250mg/l;

NH3-N: 33mg/I;

TP: 3.2mg/l.

Based on similar WWTPs in China and their treatment efficiency, HEPRI predicted that the quality of the effluent water will be:

BOD5: 12.5mg/I;

CODcr: 30.Omg/l;

TP: 0.64mg/l;

NH3-N: 12.9mg/A;

The above results all meet the standard value of Category B of Grade 1 in GB 18918-2002.

The normal operation of the Changshanyuan WWTP would reduce annual pollutants loads to Liuyuang River by CODcr 5912t/a, BOD5 2774t/a, NH3-N 394.2 t/a and TP: 49.3t/a respectively.

4.2.11 PC3 Air Emission Control

Cleaner production technology are introduced in the design of PC3 component, and existing air emission sources will be brought into control by upgrading/replacing old air control devices during the implementation of PC3 component to ensure that the air pollutants emission (from both existing plant and new plant) to meets the standard. Table 4-15 provides the comparisons of air emission before and after the PC3 component.

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Table 4-15 Comparison of Air Ernission Before and After the PC3 Component

Volume of waste gases Dust Item (niillion Nm3/a) (t/a)

2.40 M t/a of raw coal 1368.59 171.93 preparation Existing emission (A) 0.6 M tla coal of raw 342.15 42.98 preparation

New emission for the 200 M t/a clean coal 1069.20 107.0 proposed component production Total emission controlled existing and 1411.35 149.98 new emission) (B) 2,40 M t/a of raw coal 42.76 -21.95 (B)-(A) preparation 0.6 M t/a coal of raw 1069.20 107.0 preparation 2.40 M t/a of raw coal 87.23 preparation 0.6 M t/a coal of raw 349 preparation

The PC3 component will produce 1.5 million t/a of clean coal (the capacity in first phase). Compared the raw coal, the use of such amount of clean coal product will reduce around 40% of (about 10,000 t/a), SO2 (which accounts for about 20% of annual S02 emission from coal-combustion in CZT Area), around 40% (about 14,000 t/a) of smoke dust, 30-40% (about 4,500 t/a) of NOx, and 15-20% (about 11,600 t/a) of C0 2 , and improved coal-combustion energy efficiency by about 15-20%. According to market analysis in the feasibility study report for PC3 component, the clean coal product is to be consumed in CTA Area to contribute the attainment of acid rain control plan.

4.2.12 Policy Attainability Due to HUDP Components

The PRC Cleaner Production Promotion Law (President order No. 72, effective since January 1, 2003) indicates that "Cleaner production as used in this Law means the continuous application of measures for design improvement, utilization of clean energy and raw materials, the implementation of advanced processes, technologies and equipment, improvement of management and comprehensive utilization of resources to reduce pollution at source, enhance the rates of resource utilization efficiency, reduce or avoid pollution generation and discharge in the course of production, provision of services and product use, so as to decrease harm to the health of human beings and the environment." The law also prescribes some specific management and control measures.

CleanerProduction In PC2

PC2 is an environmental project. After this project, the wastewater from the catchment area will be effectively treated. Mass removal of pollutants in wastewaters will efficiently improve the quality of the receiving water body; Therefore, PC2 accords with the cleaner production rules. The cleaner production requires not only a cleaning process flow, but also elimination of noxious raw materials. Therefore, it will be effective to reduce the toxicity and amount of wastes by control of wastewaters

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 4-14 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commnission polluters and reuse of them. As heavy metals and pesticide will affect the treatment efficiency of the biological treatment process of WWTP, cleaner production management is required for the industrial pollutant sources discharging effluent into the catchment area. All enterprises discharging to sewer systems should implement cleaner production, and the wastewater discharged should meet Grade 3 in GB8978-96. This will also change some of sludge into a resource to help reduce discharge amount of sludge.

Cleaner Production In PC3

This project aims to popularise the cleaner coal techniques to control air pollution at its sources. The raw materials (including raw coal, sulphur fixation and other additives) are not deleterious to the environment. The production process of this project is a physical one, in which no hazardous substance is involved or produced; the product is a cleaner resource. Combustion of cleaner coal, in stead of raw coal will greatly reduce the emission of SO2 and soot, improve the combustion efficiency, and save coal consumption by about 15%.

This project adopts techniques of coal preparation (by washing), CWM processing and CB procession.

Relative to pollution control at the project, advanced techniques and equipment are used and the amount of wastes is effectively reduced:

* Industrial dusts are all collected and reused; * Industrial wastewaters recycled after treatment and an accident tank is installed, there is no discharge of industrial wastewater to the environment; * Coal sludge collected in wastewater is sold as a by-product or reused as raw material; * Coal refuse is used to bake brick or piled up in coal refuse yard. The HZCCC successfully reduces pollution and material consumption, for example: the existing wastewater consumption is 0.33m3 per ton of coal, and the post-project consumption is only 0.173m3 per ton of coal, saving water resources. According to different emission status of coal dusts, relative measures are to be taken to keep it from diffusion, such as water spray and enclosed ventilation, to realize cleaner production.

The HZCCC has a mature quality assurance and environmental management system, over 40 years of experience on production management as well as well-trained leadership; its management level of cleaner production is highest among similar domestic enterprises. In conclusion, by advanced techniques and effective control measures as well as rich experience on management, the component is an environmental project and accords with the rules of cleaner production.

Implementation the Principle of Abatement Of Existing Environmental Issues While Developing The New Project in PC3

PC3 is the only component involving existing pollution in HUDP. The existing environmental problems are:

* Dust removal efficiency of the water spray system at the discharge pit and the enclosed dust catcher at No.2 workshop declines in efficiency as a result of damage or aging; especially in the No.2 workshop, the flying dust concentration exceeds the standard by 14 times and 9 times at the first and second floors; restoration is crucial to be made;

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 4-15 DRAFr 03/O3/Febtuary 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

* Serious leakage losses in the drainage pipes; * Noise at the southwest boundary exceed the standard; * The waste dump affects the surrounding environment.

* Coal refuse yard is a simple one without any facilities to prevent potential secondary pollution. Following the principle of "abatement of existing environmental issue while developing the new project", HEPRI listed the proposed control measures on existing environmental problems in Table 4- 16.

Table 4-16 Control Measures On Existing Environmental Problems in PC3 Estimated No. Existing Problems Control Measures cost (million Yuan) I Disability of Dust Catcher at No.2 Workshop Restoration 0.65 2 Failure of Dust Catcher at Discharge Pit Restoration 0.20 3 Fugitive Emission Installation of Water Spray Dust 0.20 Fugitive Emission Catching Equipment 4 Leakage of Drainage Pipes Restoration of Pipes 0.50 5 Disorderly Waste Dump Coal refuse storing yard modification 1.0 6 Noise at Southwest Boundary Noise Reduction 0.20 7 Other Dusts and Noise Increase of Greening Rate 0.10 8 Study on multi-purpose utilisation of coal Consummation of Production and 0.15 refuse Sale System 9 Total 2.95

Meeting Discharge/Emission Standard In PC3

The exhaust gases mainly come from loading and unloading of raw coal, crusher, and coal preparation process. Eight sets (including existing 4 sets) of closed ventilated dust catchers will be installed in such workshop sections as crusher and screen separation that generate dust. The tail gases are to be emitted 3 via an exhaust stack with 24 meters high with a concentration of 100mg/m , which meets the standard.

In the discharge pit, water spray dust catchers are used; the dust concentration is lower than 20mg/m 3 . In the coal briquette (CB) system, dust will be collected by cloth bag dust catchers and then emitted via an exhaust stack with 15 meters high, with a concentration lower than 100mg/m3 . In the No.2 workshop, the dusty gases will be collected and dusts removed by the water film dust catcher; the 3 monitoring result is 15mg/m , much lower than the limit value in the standard (120 mg/m 3);

The boiler exhaust gases are controlled by water film dust catchers. HEPRI recommends using CWM as the boiler's fuel so that the gases meet the standard. The exhaust stack should have a minimum height of 35 meters.

A WWTP with a treatment capacity of 360 cubic meters per day has been in operation since 1991 and is operating well. The thrice sedimentation and filtration techniques are used and the existing treatment capacity is able to meet the proposed production. Monitoring results of the WWTP are shown in Table 4-17:

Table 4-17 Monitoring Results of the PC3 WWTP

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 4-16 DRAFr 03/1/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Parameter Influent Concentration Effluent Concentration Treatment Rate pH 7.5 mg/L 7.8 mg/L SS 17354 mg/L 73 mg/L 99.58% COD 2455 nig/L 47.4 mg/L 98.07% After its operation, the proposed PC3 component will generate coal refuse of about 148,000 t/a, which is used to be piled up in the existing coal refuse storing yard. The annual amount of boiler residue is 5,000 tons, which is to be used as slabstone.

For noise control, relevant measures are to be taken in the installation of high-noise equipment, like vibration mill and crushers, such as vibration and noise reduction, enclosed workshop; the noise value will meet the standard.

Meeting Discharge Standard In PC4

After preliminary treatment of sedimentation and oil partition, the wastewater is to be recycled, the domestic wastewater will be collected by a separate sewer system and conveyed into the Zhuzhou Xiawan WWTP for treatment to meet the standard and discharged into Xiangjiang River.

Due to the operation of the logistic centre, there will be an increase of vehicle volume which will increase traffic noise impact on environment. It is projected that the impact scope is 100 meters around the highway dozens of scattered residents will suffer from this noise impact.

Meeting Discharge Standard In PC6

Designs of ecological latrines are recommended by HEPRI to dispose nightsoil produced by tourists. HEPB. in its approval of component EIA for PC6, required that domestic sewage should be treated to meet Grade I of GB8978-96 before discharging into Xiangjiang River. A small-sized treatment system is recommended by HEPRI which is to be incorporated in the component preliminary design.

The main atmospheric pollutant is tail gas caused by vehicles. The core scenic spots have certain distance from the HW 107 and elevation is higher than that of HW107. The existing monitoring data indicate that the level of noise here is within the limit of standard. Furthermore, there is a Jing-Zhu expressway (Chang-Tan section) located about 3-4 km east to the HW 107. The re-pavement of the expressway works was completed at the end of 2003. A good traffic program in this section is recommended to limit the vehicle volume on HW 107, strict prohibitions or setting up the ecological cars in the scenic area, the quality of the atmospheric environment in the scenic area will meet Grade 2 in GB3095-1996.

4.2.13 Summary

The implementation of the HUDP Component projects accords with national and provincial goals, and are designed to meet appropriate national and provincial standards. However, the HUDP component projects are not sufficient on their own to allow the CZT region to meet environmental objectives for water quality and air quality, etc. The HUDP project is a necessary first step that must be coupled with significant local funding of urban environmental infrastructure, and possibly additional international assistance and projects. The Tenth Five-Year development plan and environmental protection plan have lofty goals and objectives, but require significant resources to implement.

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 4-17 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 I

I I Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Developmcnt and Planning Commission

Table 4-7 ,8 Routine Monitoring Results on Xiangjiang River Sections in mg/I (excluding pH) Sections Time p11 DO CODcr BODs N113-N As Jig Cr6+ TCd Oil Tl' Coliform Category 6.-9 5 20 4 1.0 0.05 0.0001 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.2 III 10000 Max* 2001 Min* Average**

Max 8.32 11.1 3.53 1.87 0.734 0.0139 0.00010 0.002 0.00175 0.165 1933.3 Bashi 2002 Min 7.4 6.5 0.82 0.5 0.101 0.0029 0.00002 0.002 0.00002 0.060 110 Average 7.76 9 2 1.17 0.362 0.0081 0.00004 0.002 0.00075 0.091 550 CS OLl L L Li -i!i Max

2003 Min _ Average

2001 Min A verage ______CS Max 8.44 10.3 3.49 2.03 2.016 0.051 0.00271 0.002 0.00879 0.167 2800 Xiawan 2002 Min 7.4 6.6 0.82 0.77 0.108 0.004 0.00003 0.002 0.00002 0.056 97 Average 7.87 8.65 2.14 1.38 0.729 0.015 0.002 0.002 0.00239 0.102 785.1 CS O O O O O 11 LI I HI Max 2003 Average CS Max _ 2001 Min Average __ _ = - === _

Max 8.5 9.8 2.43 2.30 0.516 0.0525 0.00030 0.002 0.0043 0.03 Min 7.7 4.1 1.83 0.90 0.025 0.0059 0.00003 0.002 0.0004 0.01 Majiahe 2002 Average 7.5 7.3 2.10 1.35 0.310 0.012 0.00010 0.002 0.00215 0.014 CS D LI LI U Li Li O O El Max 2003 Min Average

Consolidated Environnieital Assessimietit 4- 1 8 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Sections Time pil DO CODcr BOD N}13-N 6 5 As fig Cr + TCd Oil TP Coliform Category 6-9 5 20 4 1.0 0.05 0.0001 0.05 0.005 0.05 0.2 10000 III ___ _ Max 8.16 11.2 4.48 1.89 0.820 0.027 0.00075 0.002 0.01104 0.14 2001 Min 7.64 5.9 2.13 0.94 0.119 0.004 0.00070 0.002 0.0225 0.01 Average 7.95 8.2 2.87 1.32 0.314 0.016 0.00024 0.002 0.00455 0.06 CS _ Oii LiU [U [i O Li Li Max 8.19 9.9 6.76 3.08 0.787 0.039 0.0005 0.002 0.0074 0.08 Wuxing 2002 Min 7.72 5.0 3.64 0.91 0.067 0.006 0.0001 0.002 0.0012 0.01 Average 7.97 7.4 5.23 1.51 0.465 0.014 0.0002 0.002 0.0037 0.03 CCS El Li LI [U I EJ ULiU O Max 8.09 11.2 8.63 2.66 0.884 0.034 0.00021 0.00966 0.02 2003 nM 7.75 6.17 2.19 0.51 0.025 0.004 0.00002 0.00012 0.01 Average 7.92 8.29 4.58 1.30 0.466 0.013 0.00009 0.0059 0.012 -S C LI LI U Oi Li Li ___Li_ Li Li Max 8.10 11.0 4.07 2.24 0.854 0.019 0.00036 0.002 0.01286 0.05 2001 Min 7.58 6.2 2.02 0.76 0.032 0.004 0.00005 0.002 0.00085 0.01 Average 7.92 8.3 2.85 1.27 0.216 0.011 0.00020 0.002 0.00371 0.02 CS Li Oi Oi U Oi O O O Li Max 8.22 9.9 6.35 2.67 0.560 0.023 0.00031 0.002 0.0054 0.97 Yijia wan 2002 Mi 7.74 4.0 3.34 0.78 0.039 0.004 0.00003 0.002 0.0005 0.01 r Average 7.97 7.3 5.13 1.30 0.284 0.009 0.00010 0.002 0.0022 0.09 CS [O O LI OLI Oi O O L1 Max 8.09 11.4 8.63 3.75 1.20 0.030 0.00011 0.01116 0.02 2003 Min 7.73 6.62 2.21 0.57 0.025 0.004 0.00002 0.00012 0.01 Average 7.90 8.46 4.20 1.25 0.609 0.012 0.00005 0.0027 0.012 Cs o nLI i nJEl o oLI Max 10.13 16.6 0.50 0.061 0.00062 0.0073 0.24 0.092 35000 2001 Min 5.60 3.8 0.04 0.004 0.00001 0.0001 0.02 Average 0.020 200 7.43 9.4 0.26 0.019 0.00011 0.0018 CS 0.05 0.048 3671 _ LI LI L EJ Li Ln Max LI Houzishi 2002 Min

Max

*Where MAX refers to the maximum value, Min refers to the minimum value, Average refers to the average value, CS refers to Category of Sections.

Consolidated Environiiienial Assessmiient 4-19 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urhan Mott MacDonald Development Project Hiunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Table 4-9 Routine Monitoring Results on Liuyang River Sections in mg/I (excluding pH) Time Sections p11 DO CODM, BODs N113-N As Hg TCd PI) Zn Max* 7.93 10.52 6.24 1.38 0.36 0.045 0.00015 0.0065 0.008 0.13 La.gli Min* 7.04 6.42 1.58 0.45 0.01 0.004 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 Average* 7.55 7.98 2.63 0.87 0.11 0.017 0.00005 0.0012 0.002 0.07 CS* 1 Li LI L] LI L3 L] Max 7.84 10.13 6.29 3.25 2.95 0.034 0.00016 0.0051 0.016 0.12 200 Heh Min 7.45 4.20 1.85 0.72 0.27 0.004 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 A verage 7.61 6.60 3.05 1.84 1.25 0.016 0.00005 0.0010 0.002 0.06 CS ______i L3 U 11 L3 LI 1 _ Max 7.88 7.88 8.68 4.83 3.43 0.128 0.00080 0.0129 0.049 0.42 Sania o Min 7.14 7.14 1.68 0.86 0.33 0.014 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.13 Sanjiaozhou Average 7.41 7.41 4.49 2.82 1.78 0.035 0.00011 0.0019 0.009 0.27 csCS Li LI LI L _

Consolidated Environimental Assessimienit 4-20 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 I~ ~ ~ Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Figure 4.1 General Relationships of Provincial Level EPB in Relation to the Other Levels

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I Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Figure 4.2 Arrangement of the Regular Monitoring Sampling Locations

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I I Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

5 Determination of the Potential Impacts of the Proposed Project

The details of the HUDP proposed infrastructure were outlined in Chapter 2. In addition to the physical works, the project will promote and facilitate institutional and financial reforms for the implementation agencies. In order to support these reforms, the project will also provide technical assistance for capacity building within the various project implementing and operating entities.

In China, as elsewhere in the world, these types of schemes normally create a common series of impacts, both positive and negative.

* In Sections 5.1 to 5.3, the typical positive and negative impacts are presented for the construction and operation of these types of infrastructure projects. * In Section 5.4, the positive impacts of the individual project components are summarised. * In Section 5.5, the short-term negative impacts arising from construction are presented for each of the project components. * In Section 5.6, the potential longer-term impacts that can occur during operation are presented for each scheme. * In Section 5.7, potential project risks are discussed. In Chapter 7, a series of generic mitigation measures, to counteract the potential adverse impacts identified, are presented. Also presented are proposals for the monitoring of the implementation of the generic mitigation measures and details of the organisations responsible. These are presented as schedules in tabular form.

Also included in Chapter 7, are proposals for the long term monitoring of the success of the project. The main Performance Indicators are improved flood protection and tourism from the scenic road (PC1), improved quality of the Liuyang River (PC2), improved air quality (PC3), improved logistics service and economic benefit (PC4), and improved tourism (PC6). Other Performance Indicators to be monitored relate to the effective operation of the component engineering works.

The construction of environmental infrastructure of all types has a series of rather general construction impacts, regardless of the type of component project. They are summarised below:

* The construction and operation of environmental works costs money that must be repaid by the beneficiaries. It is necessary to ensure that the project can be afforded and that the public considers the improved services to be worth the price to be paid. * Land has to be acquired for the construction of the project and therefore those at present using the land must be cared for. Similarly where people are to lose their homes and/or have to change their jobs, it is necessary to ensure that satisfactory arrangements are made for those affected. For the HUDP, all of those who will be affected by the construction of the component projects have been identified and compensation has been planned in detail. These plans are covered in a "Resettlement Action Plan" which has been prepared in tandem with this EA. It is worth noting that in China the means and levels of compensation paid are laid down under State laws and directives and the terms are widely accepted as generous. So much so that problems are frequently experienced where people try to illegally move into an area

Conisol,dated Enivironl,.iental Assessmeint 5-1 DRAFr 03/s/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

immediately prior to the development of a scheme in order to take advantage of the generous compensation. * The construction of civil engineering structures cannot be conducted without creating a number of negative impacts. These are principally concerned with; noise, dust, increasing transport, disposal of spoil from excavations and risks to construction staff. The HUDP components will all create such impacts. Mitigation methods are proposed to limit these impacts to levels that are generally acceptable in China. Such levels might not be acceptable to all countries in the west since in some cases a different approach is adopted. It has been considered to be important that the EA mitigation measures proposed should reflect expectations in China. * Spoil disposal creates little problem in China. In most cases there is a demand for spoil and often spoil from a construction site even can be sold. * Higher risks during construction are experienced in China than in the west. This is due in part to the greater use of manual labour as opposed to mechanical assistance in construction. For the HUDP, where a number of international contracts are likely to be let, risks are likely to be less than normal. Risks occur mainly due to working in deep excavations and at height. Standard mitigation measures can be applied to minimise such risks. * Standard mitigation measures such as water spraying are effective in controlling dust on construction sites. * In sensitive areas construction noise can be limited by reasonable working hours and the adoption of quiet practices although it appears that, throughout daily life, the Chinese are less sensitive to excessive noise than those in the west.

5.1 Typical Impacts of Flood Control Projects

5.1.1 Positive Impacts

There are a variety of potential benefits to flood control schemes, beyond the basic flood protection design. These potential positive impacts are listed below, and not all are likely to be realised by the PCI scheme:

* Natural Flood and Erosion Control (e.g., reduce flood velocities and peaks, reduce wind and wave impacts, stabilise soils, reduce flood damages to surrounding urban and rural areas)

* Water Quality Maintenance (e.g., reduce sediment loads, filter nutrients and impurities, process organic and chemical wastes, moderate temperature of water, reduce sediment loads) * Maintain Groundwater Supply and Balance (e.g., promote infiltration and aquifer recharge, increase/enhance base flow) * Support Flora (e.g., maintain high biological productivity of floodplain and wetland vegetation, maintain productivity of natural forests, maintain natural crops, maintain natural genetic diversity) * Provide Fish and Feeding Grounds (e.g., create and enhance waterfowl habitat, protect habitat and rare and endangered species)

Conisolidated Environmental Assessment 5-2 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

* Maintain Harvest of Natural and Agricultural Products (e.g., create and enhance agricultural lands, provide areas for cultivation of fish and shellfish, protect silvaculture) * Provide Recreation Opportunities (e.g., provide areas for active and consumptive uses, provide areas for passive activities, provide open-space values, provide aesthetic values)

5.1.2 Negative Impacts

The normal negative impacts one expects for flood control schemes, some of which may also relate to the PCI scheme are summarised below:

* Potential for structural failure and floodwaters higher than capacity of control structures/measures, leading to increased risk to life and property because local pre- project adaptations are relaxed or abandoned or increased development on the floodplain has occurred post-project. * Cycle of enrichment and groundwater recharge in floodplain soils broken. * Resettlement of populations and other negative socioeconomic effects on populations and communities affected by the project. * Adverse effects on fisheries and other aquatic resources by disruption of migratory routes, deterioration of habitat and changes in water quality (e.g., sediment load), leading to reduced productivity of riverine lake fisheries. * Negative impacts of canalisation measures (e.g., disruption of fish habitat by elimination of pools, riffles and channel irregularities, increased water temperature by removal of vegetation on banks and in stream, increased erosion and sedimentation problems, bed and bank erosion, downstream flooding and sedimentation).

5.2 Typical Impacts of Road Construction Projects

5.2.1 Positive Impacts

The normal positive impacts one expects for road construction schemes, some of which may also relate to the HUDP schemes (PCI and PC6) are summarised below:

* Improved mobility and ability for extended commerce. * Reduced travel times and congestion of existing roadways. * Increased tourist access for economic development. * Better access to emergency and public vehicles.

5.2.2 Negative Impacts

The normal negative impacts one expects for road construction schemes, some of which may also relate to the HUDP schemes (PC1 and PC6) are summarised below:

Conisolidated Etsviroiitnental Assessment 5-3 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

* Encroachment on precious ecological resources. * Encroachment on historical, cultural, or monument areas. * Impairment of fisheries, aquatic ecology, and other beneficial uses. * Increased potential for erosion and siltation. * Negative effects on local environmental aesthetics. * Increased noise and vibration, construction and operation. * Increased air pollution hazards and loads during construction and operation. * Drainage concerns, including potential for increased runoff pollution. * Potential for highway spills of hazardous materials. * Potential for localised hydrologic impacts, including interception of sheet flows, requiring proper sizing of culverts and bridges, and proper design of bridge abutments and supports and culverts, so that the structures minimize impacts on hydrology and terrestrial and aquatic systems. In addition, they would need to constructed and maintained so that they do not result in scour, erosion, and other hydrologic problems.

5.3 Typical Impacts of Water Pollution Control Projects

5.3.1 Positive Impacts

The normal positive impacts one expects for water pollution control schemes, some of which may also relate to the PC2 scheme are summarised below:

* Connection of household foul drains to effective, enclosed sewers creates a range of benefits:

o Contact with sanitary waste within the home is reduced. L Contact with infectious waste in open sewers/drains/streams is reduced. L Odour problems are reduced or eliminated. L Contamination of foodstuffs is reduced. D The general environment of those living close to open drains is improved. E Amenity is improved and exposure to harmful materials is reduced, particularly or the more vulnerable members of the communities (e.g. the young and the old.) o The handling of nightsoil is eliminated. This is believed to be one of the major sources of illness from waterborne diseases.

* The discharge of treated or untreated wastewater at a point downstream of the project area removes the possibility of access by project area citizens to the harmful constituents of the wastewater.

* The biological treatment of wastewater before discharge to adjacent surface waters has many benefits:

o The concentration of pathogenic organisms in the wastewater is greatly reduced.

Conisolidated Environmental Assessment 5-4 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

o The concentrations of BOD and ammonia are reduced thereby reducing the oxygen demand in rivers and making the rivers "healthier." G The Suspended Solids content of the wastewater is reduced and therefore the general appearance and amenity value of the river can be improved. L Ammonia is toxic to fish and therefore the removal of ammonia encourages fishing and fishery development. L When removal of nutrients is practised, the risk of algae development in downstream lakes or slow flowing water is reduced. * Good public health facilities have been found worldwide to increase the feeling of well-being in those served and to create an environment conducive to effective development, and social and environmental well-being.

5.3.2 Negative Impacts

The normal negative impacts one expects for water pollution control schemes, some of which may also relate to the PC2 scheme are summarised below:

* Sewerage pipework and channels are installed or constructed below ground. Negative impacts can arise from dust produced during excavation, the removal of spoil from the site, the provision of access for site equipment and machinery and the hazards of working below ground level. These impacts are minimised by good engineering design and the use of sound construction practices. * WWTP construction has similar negative impacts including; noise, dust, interference of transport by site equipment, and the hazards referred to above of working in deep excavations or at height. * Adverse operational aspects of wastewater treatment are commonly: o Excessive noise o Unacceptable odour generation o Health and aesthetic impacts associated with the disposal of sludge o The adverse effects on treatment performance that can be created by the disposal of toxic industrial discharges to the sewers.

5.4 Positive Impacts of the Specific HUDP Components

5.4.1 PC1, Corridor Component

The main flood control objective of the PCI component was to increase the level of flood protection and to maximise the area for urban development, making full use of the existing flood-control facilities, while increasing landscape potential. The flood protection benefits are based on estimated land and property value increments.

Benefits may be grouped into two parts: (a) benefits relating to the flood protection provided by the dyke strengthening works; and (b) benefits associated with the use of the road.

Coiisolidated Eniviroiniental Assessment 5-5 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Flood protection benefits

The failure of the dyke to provide protection at times of extreme flood leads to costs in the surrounding area. Between 1950 and 1998 there were 15 mild and serious disaster years with flooding and waterlogging consequences. The dyke is able to withstand only a 10 to 15 year return flood. The costs associated with the frequency of such floods include: damaged and collapsed residences: interruption to economic enterprises comprising agriculture and fish ponds, industry and commerce; damaged public facilities including schools, roads and infrastructure. Apart from the immediate local impacts of flooding, sections of No. 107 National Highway are in the potential flood zone. The national railway in the area would be protected and is not at risk. Telecommunication cables pass through the area are also at risk of being disrupted.

In addition to the costs of flooding, costs are incurred at times of flood alert when the civilian population and military are called out to undertake temporary embankment strengthening and raising. Unfortunately, these costs are not estimated directly by the authorities and it has not been possible to include the savings in these costs in the benefit estimates.

Urban development has been taking place in the flood plain, but the rate has been moderated by the flood risks. It is evident that the rate of economic and urban development would increase as the protection level increases and that this growth would be greater than normal (i.e. average) rate of economic growth elsewhere in the region due to its location advantages. Thus, it is reasonable to assume in the with versus without comparison there will be a growth in benefit estimates to reflect the changing urbanization pattems which would take advantage of the release of floodplain land from the threat of frequent floods.

The flood protection benefit which is assumed for this Component is protection from over-topping the dyke. In some dyke improvement economic assessments (such as the assessment for the Bank supported China - Yangtze Dike Strengthening Project) the existing dyke has been considered to be at risk of failure as well as overtopping. Naturally there is a risk of failure during any flood event, even those which are not sufficient to overtop the dyke. But these risks are considered, in this case, to be slight and the risk analysis for failure other than overtopping has not been undertaken.

The expected value of the flood protection benefits is the product of the savings in costs and the probability of a flood occurring due to overtopping. It has been possible to calculate the risk adjusted expected NPV of the flood in the "without improvement" case compared with the "with improvement" case by inspection of past floods data. The available data provides the loss for each of the four river sections (source: Feasibility Study, January 2004) for: assets and industry production losses; agricultural losses; and, traffic and travel disruption.

Data exists on the variable frequency of floods of different severity. The losses vary with the severity of the flood. Estimates of the losses have been made based on historical costs for different flood levels. Thus it has been possible to construct an expected NPV for the dyke improvement benefits based on the schedule of losses against costs of losses for different flood frequencies. The protection provided by the works to the dyke is not absolute, of course. There will remain a risk of flooding on a 1 in 50 year basis in the rural areas and 1 in 100 year basis in the urban areas. However, these 1:50 and 1:100 year flood events are common to the with and without improvement scenarios and need not enter into the economic assessment of the improvement works. Benefits will increase over time as the area becomes developed in the with improvement case at a rate considerably in excess of the normal rate of economic growth. That is, there will be development potential benefits of protection to be

Coiisolidated Environmental Assessmnenl 5-6 DRAFT 03113/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

included in the analysis, and a 3.5 percent assumption has been adopted for the growth in flood protection benefits.

A possible alternative estimation of the flood control benefits would be through increases in the value of property in the protected area. The quality of the available data required to perform estimates using property values is sketchy, so this approach has not been used. Reliance is placed, therefore, on the direct costs approach. It would, of course, be double-counting to include both the direct benefits and the incremental property value increases. However, back-of-the-envelop estimates of benefits using the property value approach have been made (but not used) and these are found to be broadly similar to and hence support the estimates from the direct costs approach.

Tables 5-1 to 5-3 provide the data for the benefit estimates.

Table 5-1 Average Loss from One Time Overall Flood (RMB million) I\ Loss of Loss of Loss to Traffic tern Assets Loss Industrial Agricultural nection \ Production Production Communication& Expenses Total Changsha Section 1163 248 102 175 120 1808 Sectiohn 742 266 120 11 8 1318 Section______Section 5110 1169 528 9 10 6997 Zhuzhou 522 139 62 75 49 847 Section ______Total 7537 1822 812 450 349 10970

Table 5-2 Flood Losses of Project Area (Changsha and Zhaoshan Sections)

Project Area

Interval Loss Changsha Zhaoshan ____ years Rate Probabilit- of Flood Aveg Probability of Flood _ A Without With Difference Without With

Project Project Loss Rate Project Project ____ Rate

1 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

5 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.24

10 0.70 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.105 0.09 0.00 0.09 0.345

20 0.80 0.50 0.00 0.50 1.05 1 .00 0.00 1.00 2.16

50 0.90 1.00 0.08 0.92 1.84 1 .00 0.08 0.92 2.44

100 0.95 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.65 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.41

200 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.12 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00

Consoidated Euiv]ronmeiital Assessinent 5-7 DRAFT 03/B/FebruarN 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Table 5-3 Flood Losses of Project Areas (Xiangtan and Zhuzhou Sections) Project Area Xian tan Zhuzhou Interval Raste Probabilit of Flood Probability of Flood Average Without With Difference AvesRage Without With Difference Loss Project Project Project Project Rate 1 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

5 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

10 0.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.35

20 0.80 0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.45 0.00 0.45 1.08

50 0.90 0.89 0.05 0.84 1.43 0.66 0.10 0.56 1.30

100 0.95 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.756 1.00 1.15 0.85 0.66

200 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.20

The mean annual loss rates are as follows: Changsha Section 3.8%; Zhaoshan Section 5.6%; Xiangtan Section 2.7%; and, Zhuzhou Section 3.6%. The mean annual loss which would be foregone with the project is the product of the loss rates and flood costs, which is RMB 360.1 million.

In addition to the direct benefits to the locality from the flood defences, there will be benefits outside the region, which are not included. In the national appraisal methods enshrined in National Code (SL206-98), the Chinese authorities allow a 20 percent addition to the savings in direct losses to cover this benefit. This 20 percent estimate was used in the economic assessment of the Yangtze Dike Strengthening Project, and it has been adopted here also.

Road benefits

General purpose road benefits have been calculated using conventional travel time and vehicle operating cost savings, with and without the road. Traffic volumes have been derived from land use data in the three cities and the application of trip generation rates and simple traffic assignments to the network, with and without the new road.

The estimation of the road benefits for recreational use of the scenic road requires data on the likely numbers using the road and their origin locations from which a recreational demand model could be derived, and consumers' surplus estimated. No survey exists for these sorts of data, nor are there any similar scenic roads in the region on which to make a comparable estimation.

Without a survey of some kind of potential beneficiaries, this element of component benefits has been assumed to be equal to the benefits for the scenic area improvements of PC6. This is likely to underestimate the benefits of the scenic road as there are likely to be more users of the road than visitors to the scenic area.

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 5-8 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

5.4.2 PC2, Changsha Wastewater Component

In areas of Changsha city not served, the city sewage is discharged without treatment into fields, fish ponds and ditches and so into the Xiangjiang River. The river is the main source of water supply for the city and for other areas downstream. Pollution of the river in this way affects adversely: water treatment costs; the agricultural crop yield from irrigated water, and is a health hazard as a result; the city environment from the standpoint of health, smells and visual impact; and, the fishery industry.

The objectives of the Component are as follows:

* Establish a complete rainwater drainage and sewage collection system for the area of the city to be served so that over 90 percent of the relevant population will be users.

* Raise the rate of treatment of sewage to over 90 percent, and industrial wastewater to 100 percent, of generation so that the discharge of untreated sewage and consequential pollution of surface and artesian waters is reduced.

The capacity of existing WWTPs, even after expansion works which are underway, is insufficient. Only about 37 percent of the sewage of the city is treated.

Benefits may be grouped into two parts: (a) benefits relating to the improvements in the area to be served as a result of having the sewer network to collect and transport the waste away; and (b) benefits associated with treatment of the waste, which otherwise would flow top the river.

Local areabenefits:

Amenity improvements for the population in the area will arise from removal of the wastes from open drains in the locality. Thereby there will be removal of odours, and the unsightly appearance of the areas. These benefits are essentially local in nature. The willingness of beneficiaries to pay for the improvements is reflected in their willingness to pay for occupation of the area and hence in the value difference of the property with and without the improvements. Guidance from the City authorities administering property sales indicates that a premium is payable for infrastructure improvements that open an area up for development equal to 5 percent. This premium reflects several infrastructure items but drainage and sewerage constitute a major part.

Land value data were provided by the city authorities. Land averages RMB 1,350 per m2 in the service area. Some of the area is already developed and an estimate has been made of the property values by the city authorities.

Some of the existing property in the area is provided with septic tanks which have to be emptied from time to time. There are some night soil removal services. The sewer system will substitute for these services and result in costs savings for the removal of the waste.

Although there is a risk to health of not having a sanitary system of waste collection and disposal, inspection of the incidence data of the potential diseases (such as hepatitis, diarrhoea, and dysentery) in the city as a whole indicates that they are limited in extent and not likely to be materially affected by the sewer installations in the service area, and so they have not been assessed.

Some of the area to be serviced is already served by sewers and rainwater drains, and these parts of the service area are excluded from the assessment.

Coisolidated EFnvooninenlal Assessinent 5-9 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

WW treatment and downstream benefits

The collected waste water which would otherwise eventually find its way to the river is transported to the treatment plant for treatment. The river is less polluted as a result. Benefits of a reduced polluted river are as follows.

Scenic/amenity benefits (thereby linking to PCI - Scenic Corridor) from a cleaner river. These are extremely difficult benefits to quantify. Difficulties are compounded as the river pollution will remain at high levels since the WWTP will only reduce the overall river pollution levels from a high level to one slightly less high.

As a result of the (slightly) cleaner river there will be improved water quality for abstraction for drinking water and industrial purposes downstream, resulting in cost savings for the water treatment purposes. There are some minor abstraction points downstream at present and more to be provided in future as the city expands. These cost savings are therefore also difficult to estimate, but are likely to be modest at the present time. The feasibility study was not able to identify measurable benefits in respect of this item.

Improved river water quality would increase the value of the agricultural output from any downstream irrigated areas where the irrigation water is obtained from the river. Similarly, fishponds which are served by river water would be beneficiaries and their output would be enhanced. However, there is uncertainty over the extent to which the flood plain agriculture and fisheries use river water in their production process given that there are in use altemative natural sources of water supply. The feasibility study was not able to identify measurable benefits in this respect.

5.4.3 PC3, Zhuzhou Clean Coal Component

Air pollution in China mainly results from coal combustion, with local pollutants of S02, smoke dust and NOx and, of course, global warming pollutants from the atmospheric release of carbon. Moreover, China is the world's largest coal producing and coal burning country. The pollution from coal consumption is the largest air environmental problem in China. 70% of national total smoke dust emission, 90% of national S02 emission, 67% of national NOx emission and 70% of national C02 emission are all from coal combustion. The buming of coal has caused serious air pollution in cities affecting the amenity and health of the population and hence the cost of illness, and damage to buildings and structures. It has also caused acid rain in rural areas affecting outputs of agriculture and fisheries. This national situation regarding air pollution is reflected in Changsha and the other Project cities, and in Hunan Province more generally. Hunan has plentiful resources in coal but the sulphur and ash contents are high and as a result the cities and the Province have serious air pollution problems.

Government has a policy of controlling pollution such that 2010 levels will be no higher than 2000 levels despite the fact that coal will play the primary role of energy resources. Clean coal technology can reduce the sulphur and ash content of combusting coal so as to reduce pollutants and accordingly the introduction of this technology is one of the methods by which the Government policy objectives can be achieved.

The objective of the Component, therefore, is to establish a new production facility for clean coal products in order to achieve environmental objectives.

Cotisolidated Environimental Assessment 5-10 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Benefits may be grouped into two parts: (a) benefits relating to the consumption of the product which accrue to the consumers; and (b) benefits associated with reduction in air pollution which benefits the environment. Consumption benefits

The clean coal products will be sold mainly to small and medium industrial consumers for use in boilers. Consumers will have some reduction in costs as a result of using the clean coal product compared with untreated coal. These cost reductions will arise from higher calorific value and reduced ash. However, the consumers' cost reductions will be less than the additional prices which will be charged for the clean coal products. The imperative for the consumers to purchase the clean coal products arises not from the benefits of using them but from regulations that they face which oblige them to use clean coal or risk prosecution.

Accordingly, the revenues generated by the scheme will overstate the cost savings to consumers of the products. It is unclear by how much the cost savings from using the products will fall short of the additional benefits of the clean coal products. However, the Feasibility Study report (Table 11-8) indicates that the clean coal is about 56 percent more costly than untreated coal when assessed on a full cost basis. Therefore, the marginal benefits to consumers must be equal to or less than 56 percent of the revenues of clean coal. Revenues have been obtained from the Feasibility Study report (Nov 2003). As a first assumption, the consumer benefits have been assumed equal to 35 percent of gross revenues. Pollution reduction benefits: Local/Regional Pollutants In Table 5-4. the use of the clean coal products indicates a reduction in the emissions of pollutants by the annual amounts shown when the plant is operating at full capacity:

Table 5-4 Reduction of Air Pollutants Due to PC3 Implementation Pollutant Annual reduction Remarks (tones) so2 10,000 Local and regional impacts. NOX 4,500 Local and regional impacts. Particulates 14,000 Local and regional impacts.

Co2 113,900 Global warming impacts.

As far as the local/regional pollutants are concerned (i.e. SO2 / NO,/Particulates) there is no evidence of the valuation of the pollutant reduction which is specific to this project. However, there have been several research studies undertaken in China in recent years which have endeavoured to value some air pollutants in terms of their impacts on cost of illness, building decay and hence additional maintenance costs, and acid rain effects on agriculture and fisheries.

At present in China, SO 2 is the main pollutant causing air pollution loss. According to the research result of National Acid Rain Control Scheme, which is quoted most frequently in the field of SO 2 pollution loss estimate and conducted by Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, the economic loss from acid rain and SO 2 emission in 1995 reached 110 billion RMB. Additionally, ZHOU Fengqi and ZHOU Dadi, et al. with the Institute of Energy, under the SPDC Academy of

Consolhdaecd Ewviro,onnenal Assessnent 5-11 DRAFT 03/BlFebruary 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Macro Economy, considered that the economic loss from SO2 in different areas is somewhat different. being 1300-8000RMB/t. Refer to Table 5-5.

Table 5-5 Estimates of Economic Loss from S02 Emission

Range North East West South- South East Middle China China CChinaChina China China China

(RMB/t St2) 3000 3000 1500 6000 8000 8000 6000 Lower estimate value 2500 2800 1300 1500 3900 3300 1700

(R M B /t S O2 ) ______

Source: ZHOU Fengqi and ZHOU Dadi, et al., China Long- and Mid- Term Energy Strategy. China Planning Press, 1999.2

Although these findings are generalised, it is appropriate to use them in the project analysis while recognising that there are wide error margins. The mid-point value for the South China region is RMB 5,950 per tonne of S02 and this value was used as a central assumption in the economic analysis. However, there is additional evidence of the costs of air pollution which it is worth considering. This is partly in order to see whether the main estimates are supported, and partly to provide supplementary information. Externality values from a New York State study (ref: Rowe et al.,New York Extemality Model, 1994) have been used as a reference point but are adjusted to reflect the GDP per capita and population density of Chinese cities, of which Shanghai and Henan have been investigated.

The damages were estimated for Shanghai and Henan based upon a formula that accounts for the distance between the pollution's source and the population density. The environmental damage was approximately two times as high for all the pollutants (Particulates, SO2 or NOJ) in Shanghai as in Henan because of the former's higher population density. The results were extrapolated onto the Hunan Project area using a similar approach. Results are shown in Table 5-6 (Yuan per tonne):

Table 5-6 Comparative Air Pollution Damages by Province Shanghai Henan Hunan

Particulates 15,795 7,802 6,648 SO2 3,237 1,801 3,021 NOX 3,768 2,092 1,668

These results indicate a lower value for SO2 pollution than the direct Chinese evidence considered above, although within likely margins of error in investigations of environmental values of this kind (RMB 3,021 compared with 5,950).

Pollution reduction benefits: Global Warming Carbon emissions create global warming and so their effects are world-wide. Several studies have been undertaken to place a monetary value on the global warming costs of a tonne of carbon emissions from power stations and other sources. The results of these studies have recently been summarised by the UK Treasury, and others. The UK Treasury paper is:

Richard Clarkson and Kathryn Deyes, Estimating the Social Costs of Carbon Emissions (UK Government Economic Service Working Paper 140, January 2002). This UK paper gives average estimate of costs of GBP70 per tonne carbon. Atomic weights of Carbon = 12 and CO2 = 44.

Conisolidated Environmental Assessment 5-12 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Therefore, the cost per tonne of CO 2 = GBP (70*12/44) = GBP 19 = RMB 258 (@ GBP 1.00 = RMB 13.5).

European Union evidence is provided in a Community Research Report, External Costs (EUR 20198, 2003). Evidence is quoted for Germany of the global warming costs per kWh of production of electricity from conventional coal in the range of euro 1.60 per kWh, (RMB 15), and from lignite of euro 2.00 per kWh (RMB 19). It is possible to compute the per tonne equivalent values for coal and lignite from assumptions of carbon release values of these products, and the results broadly support the UK Treasury paper's findings of an average of about GBP 70 per tonne carbon.

5.4.4 PC4, CZT Logistics Centre Component

The objectives of the logistics centre are to reduce the costs of transportation of goods with origins and destinations in the region and thereby to increase the volume of trade. With much of the trade originating in the Project area there may be positive impacts on regional incomes and employment levels.

Benefits may be grouped into two parts: (a) benefits relating to the use of the logistics centre; and (b) wider regional benefits, which have not been quantified (see discussion above of the analysis in the Feasibility Study report).

Benefits relating to the use of the logistics centre are largely private benefits for transporters who find it cheaper and/or more time efficient to use the logistics centre than alternative routes or production locations. Since there are many alternative routes and facilities for the transporters to use it is unlikely that there would be significant producer surpluses to add to revenues to obtain the benefit estimates of the new facility. Therefore, mostly these producer benefits will be captured as logistics centre revenues.

There may be wider regional economic development benefits arising from additional incomes and employment, in addition. These benefits are impossible to quantify in the absence of any knowledge about the counterfactual economic activity. The counterfactual might well be activity which is displaced by the new logistics centre, in which case the wider benefits would be offset by losses elsewhere with no net regional benefits. This type of benefit has not been quantified.

5.4.5 PC6, Zhaoshan Scenic Area Component

The component provides for the considerable improvement and upgrading of the cultural and recreational amenities of an existing scenic area. The area is visited by people living in the surrounding region. The area consists of a forested hilly outcrop of about 160 ha overlooking the river and containing various cultural, historical and religious artifacts including a temple. The artifacts are of local significance.

The objectives of the scenic area improvement works are to increase the recreational amenities of the surrounding population. In the longer term, the scenic area may be connected to a neighbouring much larger area of hilly country and become a centre for hiking and other outdoor pursuits.

Benefits may be grouped into two parts: (a) benefits relating to the use of the scenic area for recreational and cultural purposes; and (b) wider recreational and cultural benefits associated with the reinstatement of the cultural facilities and artifacts.

Coisolidated Environimenital Assessment 5-13 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Recreationalbenefits

The design team have estimated the number of visitors following completion of the works will be about one million pa. Most visitors will come from the immediately surrounding areas, travelling relatively short distances. There will be some synergy with the proposed scenic road (PCI) which accesses the scenic area from both directions, south and north. An entry fee of RMB 20 per head is proposed for visitors to the scenic area, or some other mechanisms for generating revenues since there will be other revenue earning opportunities in the area. The design team has estimated the build-up of revenues from the entry fee and other sources of revenue and these represent a first approximation of the benefits of the scenic area for recreational purposes. While there would be consumers' surplus, this is difficult to estimate and has not been measured.

Some of the visitors will come from outside the region, and possibly outside China. None will do so primarily in order to visit Zhaoshan, which does not have international historical and cultural significance. They may do so incidentally, as part of their visits of other scenic, historical and cultural features in the region (such as Chairman Mao's birthplace, which is some 50 km away). The Feasibility Study team estimates less than 400 pa visitors in this international category. This seems too small a number to count towards the benefits of the scenic area.

Social and environmental benefits

The Feasibility Study report provides a description of the wider social and environmental benefits of the proposals. It stressed the long-term development potential for tourism and recreation development, and the income generating benefits that it will bring to the area. There are wider cultural benefits from conservation of the heritage. However, these are difficult benefits to quantify, and no attempt has been made to do so.

5.4.6 Summary of Project Positive Impacts

The HUDP positive benefits listed in the previous sections will be great assets to the cities affected and to Hunan Province in general. In the following sections, potential construction phase and operational phase impacts are identified. There are no significant environmental problems identified in either phase. Compared with the positive benefits, these potential negative impacts are minor and easily mitigated. Detailed mitigation and monitoring strategies should alleviate these concerns.

5.5 Potential Short Term Construction Impacts

The HUDP projects could cause a variety of short-term construction impacts that must be monitored and mitigated during the construction period. These construction impacts have been sorted according to geographic location within the overall scheme, and potential mitigation measures are identified.

In Chapter 7, for each identified potential impact, the method of monitoring and the responsible monitoring agency is provided in an EMP. The Hunan PMO and city PIUs will have an ongoing responsibility to track and report the monitoring work of all the identified agencies, in addition to their direct monitoring activities. Although all potential impacts must be accounted for, the following sections outline the details and more major potential impacts by individual component project.

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5.5.1 Resettlement Action Plan (RAP)

The project components involving land acquisition and resettlement (LAR) include:

* PCI Corridor Component (Changsha, Zhuzhou, Xiangtan and Zhaoshan sections); * PC2 Changsha Wastewater Component: * PC4 CZT Logistics Centre Component; and, * PC6 Zhaoshan Scenic Area Component. A PC5 RAP had also been prepared before the PC5 Bridge Component was removed from the HUDP. No land acquisition and resettlement will be involved for the PC3 Zhuzhou Clean Coal Component. In line with the World Bank's Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (OP4.12) and the relevant laws, regulations and guidelines issued by the governments of People's Republic of China, Hunan Province and Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan Municipalities, a total of nine stand-alone resettlement action plans (RAPs) were prepared for the HUDP. The RAPs include:

* PC1: Resettlement Action Plan for Corridor Component: Changsha Section Resettlement Action Plan for Corridor Component: Zhaoshan Section Resettlement Action Plan for Corridor Component: Xiangtan Section Resettlement Action Plan for Corridor Component: Zhuzhou Section * PC2: Resettlement Action Plan for Changsha Wastewater Component

* PC4: Resettlement Action Plan for CZT Logistics Centre Component

* PC6: Resettlement Action Plan for Zhaoshan Scenic Area Component

* Summary Reports Summary Resettlement Action Plan for the Corridor Component Consolidated Resettlement Action Plan for Hunan Urban Development Project According to the measurement surveys, the HUDP will affect a total of 8,253 persons. The residential house demolition will affect 7,107 persons in 2,128 households, and 1,146 persons in 134 enterprises and business units. Of the total project affected people (PAPs) of the Project, 2,034 households or 6,995 persons will be relocated, and 4,197 persons will need the production rehabilitation. About 513,108 m2 of residential and non-residential houses will be demolished; of which 368,914 m2 are residential houses and 144,175 m2 are non-residential houses.

A total of 8,862 mu of land will be affected, including 5,575 mu of land to be acquired permanently and 3,287 mu of land to be occupied temporarily. Other assets to be acquired by the Project will include: auxiliaries, household utilities, trees, tombs, basic infrastructure and special facilities. Table 5-38 provides a summary of the relocations required. (end of chapter)

Conisolidated Enivironinenital Assessment 5-15 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

According to WRB's FSR for local-funded Shaoyaogang sub-section river widening project, a total of 2146 person will be affected, including 140 1 persons in households, and 746 persons in enterprises and business units. About 677,656 m2 of houses will be demolished.

According to the actual status of the affected areas and inclinations of the resettled, the project clients plan to carry out the resettlement tasks by compensation of property losses and transposition of property right. Resettlement agreement should be signed between the executive department and the resettled that can select the desired scheme and destination of resettlement.

For agricultural resettlement, as most of the villages have abundant land resources, some of the land losses can be solved by ways of improving the land fertility, adjusting planting structure, redressing some of the land allocation and increasing agricultural investment to multiply crop production. For secondary and tertiary industry resettlement, it cannot be solved by land adjustment. These may require that secondary and tertiary industries be involved according to the local resource conditions.

All owners of building and land within the resettled area will get rational compensation and help, compensation will be made according to the investigations on local social economy and affected property values, regulated by State and local resettlement policies, regulations, such as the PRC Law on Land Administration, The World Bank Operational Policies on Involuntary Resettlement, (Changsha, Zhuzhou, Xiangtan Municipal) Management of compensation of Land Acquisition and Resettlement, to ensure the post-resettlement life quality of the affected people.

The affected areas are located right along the Xiangjiang River, most of which are often threatened or harmed by flood. This phenomenon has limited local economic development. PCI offers an opportunity of reconstructing the production and social system for the resettled. After this project, the flood prevention ability of the river shore will be greatly elevated, a better environment will be ensured for people's lives and properties are protected; the agriculture production will be further facilitated as crop product are protected and the circulation will be faster. In addition, by adjustment of agricultural structure, reformation of irrigation works and careful resettlement plan in which the resettlement destination is to be selected in area with good natural, communication and social conditions, as well as support from policies, technologies and finance, the avoidance of losses of the resettled is possible.

The resettlement destination will be as near as possible to the original residency, as long as no conflict with the urban development exists. As to the compensation fees, a contract is recommended, and the fees should be directly put out to the resettled once for all, with no go-betweens involved. According to the actual status of the affected areas and inclinations of the resettled, the project clients plan to carry out the resettlement tasks by compensation of property losses and transposition of property right. Resettlement agreement will be signed between the executive department and the resettled that can select the desired scheme and destination of resettlement to ensure their post-resettlement life quality.

The RAP also provides a framework for local authorities to follow relative to resettlement involved in the linked local projects in the HUDP study area. Section 5.9 provides information on some local linked projects and additional relocations required as part of these projects.

5.5.2 Quarry/Spoil

Quarry Sites/Borrow Pits

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In the feasibility study, the field survey suggested that there is a number of existing quarry sites, large and medium sized, available in the project area with proven reserves of more than 32 million m3 that would be used to construct the flood embankments and scenic roadway. These quarries were said to be of various sizes and having good quality materials to meet the construction needs. The quarries are said to be well distributed and convenient for transport with hauling distances of about 10-20 km to the construction sites.

HEPRI has verified that the HUDP project will not necessitate the construction of new quarries, and that the proposed hauling routes are acceptable.

The project area is rich in earth material. For the construction of the PCI component, it is estimated that about 15.9 million m3 of borrow soil will be required, which is to be from 10 borrow pits located near to the corridor alignment with hauling distance of 2-5 km.

The Xiangjiang river bed reserves abundant gravel and can be used as natural building material. Dredging gravel for commercial purpose is practiced along the Xiangjiang river banks in many areas.

To take soil from the borrow pits, vegetation and top soil will be stripped, which will result in increased soil erosion. Mitigation measures covering 10 borrow pits (area of 318,548 m3 ) include:

* Open stormwater drainage ditches (60cm wide at bed, 60 deep, with slope 1:1); * Install sedimentation ponds in every 150 long of drainage ditch (each include two 2m x2mxl sedimentation wells); . Cover the temporary top soil storing piles with films, take the borrow soil cell by cell and backfill topsoil soon after the cells are empty and recover the sites vegetation; * Limit the excavation slope to be less than the stabilised natural slope and less than 4 m deep; * Backfill the completed borrow pits with spoils and the top soil, then level the ground and recovery the vegetation; * Finishing the slope of completed borrow pits and cover the slope with greensward. Spoil/solid waste

During the construction, solid waste during construction and ways to disposal of them is summarized in Table 5-7.

Table 5-7 Solid Waste Volume and Ways to Disposal

Compon Sources Type Volume Disposal ents Total earth & rock works The 2.287 million m3 of spoils excavation volume amount to be stacked on the construction 3 2.49 million m, of which, 0.134 site and covered with tarpaulin million m3 would be used to raise temporarily, finally used for Embankment, Excavation, top and strengthen the embankment, green land development; topsoil PCI flood-relief soils, dredged 73,900 m would be used as temporary storing sits be uhanngl, sluice, sediment cofferdam material. Spoils covered with plastic film with volume amount to 2.287 million stormwater drainage ditch plus 3 m; an additional volume of sedimentation tank at interval of 3 15.8974 m of earth will be from one in 150 m surrounding the the borrow pits. sites, finally backfilled PC2 Trenches for Spoil Not quantified in FSR Recommended to use spoils

Coinsolidated Eiviro,slme,stal Assessmenit 5-17 DRAFr 031B/Febmury 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Compon Sources Type Volume ents Disposal laying sewers, as backfilling material in PCI pumping stations component excavation, WWTP excavation Earth excavation volume is 3 3 Spoils could be used to fill up Civil works on 776,996m including, 410,824m the bottomland at NW to the PC4 the construction Spoil to b inc lu s spoil enclosure wall and north to the site be backf'illed site ~~~~~~~~~toof 366,172m3 and surplus spoil highway.hgwy

Road/path, Recommended to use spoils PC6 building Spoil Not quantified in FSR as backfilling material in PCI demolition component Total

Channel Silt

There are 9 drainage channels (flood-relief channels) included in the PCI component with total length of 21 km (3 in Jiefang polder, 3 in Nantuo polder and one each in Zhaoshan, Xiangtan and Zhuzhou). They convey floodwater to the river from inland catchments areas totalling 107 km2. Over the years, their capacity has become reduced due to siltation of the bed. These channels are to be excavated/dredged and their embankments are to be consolidated. According to the FSR, about 1.14 million m3 of silts/sediment are to be excavated and dredged to increase the capacity. Figure 5.1 provides locations of the major flood-relief channels.

Of the nine flood relief-channels, 6 channels are located in the Changsha section, one is in Zhuzhou County at upper end of Zhuzhou section, and one is in the Zhaoshan section in a rural area with one larger sized industrial enterprise. These eight channels drain stormwater and sanitary sewage from rural residential and industrial areas.

However, the Muyu channel in Xiangtan section drains domestic sewage of eastern urban districts of Xiangtan and industrial wastewater. In this catchment, the main industrial sectors are iron and steel industry, machinery industry, chemical industry. Sediment to be dredged at Muyu channel may include heavy metals and toxics. As the local EA institute did not anticipated the potential impact of possible contaminated sediment on environment until end of 2003, the local component EA team now plan to conduct sediment testing in late February 2004. On the basis of these test results, the EA institute will prepare a detailed plan for how to handle and dispose of hazardous materials during construction.

5.5.3 Noise

Operating machine and transportation vehicles mainly produce noise in the construction period. The maximum noise value and the attenuation status are listed in Table 5-8. According to the prediction results, people within 100 meters around the noise sources will more or less be affected, especially during the night hours. Therefore, construction in the night should be avoided and the constructing machines of low noise should be preferred and maintained with care.

Table 5-8 Construction Noise Status in dB(A) Relative Max. No. I Equipment I Distance Value Noise Value of Different Distance

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lOm 20m 30m 50m lOOm 150m I Wheeled 5 90 84 78 74.5 70 64 60.5 ___ Loader 2 Land Scraper 5 90 84 78 74.5 70 64 60.5 3 Road Roller 5 86 80 74 70.5 66 60 56.5 4 2W Road Roller 5 81 75 69 65.5 61 55 51.5 5 3W Road Roller 5 81 75 69 65.5 61 55 51.5 6 Tire Road Roller 5 76 70 64 60.5 56 50 46.5 7 Bulldozer 5 86 80 74 70.5 66 60 56.6 8 HPGab 5 84 78 72 68.5 64 58 54.5 9 Spreader 5 87 81 75 71.5 67 61 52.5

10 Generator 1 98 92 86 82.5 78 72 68.5

11 Percussive Pile 1 112 106 100 94.5 92 86 Driver 80.5 12 Blender 2 90 84 78 74.5 70 64 60.5 13 Electric Welding 100 97 90 80 74 14 Vehicles 80 73 64 55

Table 5-9 provides regulated noise limits for daytime and nighttime operations:

Table .5-9 Noise Limits For Construction Site GB 12523-90 in dB(A)

Limit Process Sources of Noise Daytime Nighttime

Earthwork Grab, Loader, etc. 75 55

Structure Concrete Blender 70 55

Piling Pile Driver 85 Prohibited

Table 5-10 provides the expected construction phase noise impacts, relationship to sensitive points, and proposed mitigation measures.

Table 5-10 Construction Noise Impacts and Proposed Mitigation

Project Pollutant Sensitive Point Environmental Proposed Mitigation Sources (Relative Distance) Impact Measures Daping Elementary School Noise level in Yandi Yande College is to be (230m); College at both relocated (included in Yande College (20m); daytime and nighttime RAP); boring equipment Kongling Temple (90m); exceeds the standard; should be specified with Xiangyin Residential Area Kongling Temple is low Leq performance for Road (1 lOm) affected by Pile the construction at PCI Construction Huating Residential Area Driver; Daping Kongling Temple; (130m) Elementary School, Nighttime construction Xiangyin Residential shall be prohibited Area and Huating construction spots site Residential Area will near to Xiangyin not be significantly residential area and Shiji impacted,______residential area is allowed

Conisolidated Environimental Assessmenit 5-19 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Project Pollutant Sensitive Point Environmental Proposed Mitigation J______Sources (Relative Distance) Impact Measures Construction Hleavy load trucks for of Sewers Resident (1 00m around) Life disturbance transporting pipes are and Pump mobile and intermittent Stations sources emitting significant noise during pipe laying, with noise levels in the range of 85-90 dB (A). The noise impact should not be PC2 significant since they will only operate in the Construction Residents (100m around) Life disturbance daytime, they are less of SRte frequent than vehicle flows on existing roadways, and the WWTP sites are not in urban centres. The pipelines will often be excavated using manual labour so dust and noise will be minimised. Nighttime construction shall be prohibited; PC4 Construction Residents (lOOm around) Life disturbance specify low-noise of Site equipment and keep good Maintenance of the equipment; Nighttime construction Construction shall be prohibited; PC6 of Scenic Resident in the Scenic Area Life disturbance specify low-noise Area equipment and keep good Maintenance of the equipment;

5.5.4 Dust

The sources of flying dust in the construction period include transportation, process of loading and unloading, earthwork, land scraping, laying of sewers and materials as well as disposal of disused earthworks. According to the statistics, the flying dusts from transportation take up over 60%, the TSP concentration at 50 meters from roadside leeward exceeds the standard by 64 times, and 15 times at 150 meters. The next contributor is piling-up of disused earthwork and building materials. Dust amount is affected by the wind speed.

The planned measures for prevention and control of dust are as follows:

* Strengthen the management, construct in a civilized way and handle construction materials carefully. Before vehicles go out of construction site, mud adhering on their surfaces should be cleaned; the vehicles of transporting limes, gravels, cements and coal ash should be covered with tarpaulin. * Sprinkling and Cleaning of Road Surface. Table 5-11 provides a test of sprinkling effect on road surface:

Table 5-11 Sprinkling Effect on Dust Control For Road Surface

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Distance (m) 0 20 30 100 200

TSP Unsprinkled 11.03 1.89 1.15 0.86 0.56 3 (mg/Nm ) Sprinkled 2.11 1.40 0.68 0.60 0.29

* Water should be sprayed on constructional roads and spots 4-5 times a day; spoils cleared and transported timely. and transport trucks covered with tarpaulin; landfilling places covered with soil and compacted; temporary land use recovered with vegetations after utilization.

* The concrete mixing spot should be placed far away from the residential area and 300 m leeward of sensitive points, the mixer should be specified with sound airproof performance or equipped with secondary dust catcher. * Environmental administrations of all levels are required to strengthen the environmental monitoring to solve problems on time. * Choose the construction company with strong strength and adopt pre-mixed merchandise concrete and closed vehicles. The designated merchandise concrete producers should be required to do "Three Same-time's" and to adopt effective measures to decrease the influences on the environment, ensuring the air environment free from pollution by the measures of strengthening environmental monitoring and management.

* Recover vegetations of temporary land uses after completion of works to avoid water loss and soil erosion.

5.5.5 Transportation

The transportation of construction materials and pavement of sewers may cause traffic jams and other negative impacts on transportation and commerce if an effective management plan is not developed. The proposed impacts and mitigation measures are listed in Table 5-12:

Table 5-12 Potential Transportation Impacts and Mitigation Measures Pollutant Sources Names Impact Mitigation Measures The growing traffic may cause Selection of transportation Transportation of traffic jams in the urban area; route; Constructing Materials PC, PC6 fallout of constructing materials Installation of windshield on may cause traffic accidents and vehicles; _ defacement of road surface. Defacement of road surface; Pipe-jacking in stead of open traffic accidents; inconvenient excavation in the artery roads; outgoings. PIU, contractor and local urban traffic management agency jointly work out a traffic arrangement program before Pavement of Sewers PC2 construction and strengthen traffic guidance and management during construction; Avoidance of rush hours; Set aside special passages; Traffic direction and warning board.

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5.5.6 Safety Issues

The potential safety hazard in the constructing period includes two aspects: first, the construction accidents, and second, spread of disease from poor hygienic practices or other human factors. To ensure a successful construction, following mitigation measures were recommended by HEPRI:

* All constructors, including the canteen staff, are to have physical examinations before work; * Medical facilities should be installed in the construction site; * Guarantee of sanitary drinking waters and meals from the canteen staff is needed; * Security training is also needed. Potential geological calamities (landslide) may occur in the construction sites where geological condition are bad particularly during wet season, which would threaten safety of construction workers and damage ecological environment. Mitigation measures include:

* Detailed geo-technical survey is required before detailed design. * Retaining wall should be built at ill geological ground, and cut the slope to less than 25° at places above the retaining walls. * Install drainage ditches to reduce erosion of runoff to soil. * Contractors should strictly abide by safety regulations to avoid safety accidents.

5.5.7 Sensitive Sites and Public Facilities

During the constructing process, once the valuable cultural relic is found, on-site protection measures should be instantly made and the cultural relic administrations should be notified.

Wastewater collection network construction in PC2 may impact the public utility lines underneath the urban road. Therefore, detailed survey and geophysical prospecting before detailed design is strongly recommended.

5.5.8 Wastewaters

The wastewaters in the construction period come from:

* Domestic sewage in the building site; * Oily waters from operation, cleaning and repair of construction equipment; * Muddy water from fortification and cleaning of spillways. Direct discharge of wastewaters listed above will pollute the nearby water environment. The wastewater amount of each project component is listed in Tables 5-13 and 5-14:

Table 5-13 Quality, Amount and Treatment of Domestic Wastewater During Construction NaeorsFlow Conc. (mg/L) 3 and Names Workers m /d Amount of CODcr Proposed Mitigation Measure (kg/d) PCI 500 125 300mg/L - Wastewater should pre-treat by oil separation, 37.5kg/d sedimentation and septic tanks before discharging

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PC2 300mg/L to the sites specified by local EPM. kg/d - Sedimentation and temporary septic tanks PC4 300mg/L confirmed by local environmental authorities; kg/d - Temporary piling site is required, in which the domestic garbage should be carried away on time. 300mg/L - No contractors' campsites are allowed to be PC6 kg/d located in the drinking water sources protected kg/d zones (I 000m upper stream and 200 downstream of the intake)_

Table 5-14 Quality, Amount and Treatment of Construction Wastewater Type Concentration Proposed Mitigation Measure Concrete ss 1000mg/L Discharged after Sedimentation Equipment Cleaning Waters SS 1000-2000mg/L D after Sedimentation Oily Waters Oil 1000-5000mg/L Discharged after Oil-separation Avoidance of flooding period, reinforcement of the Spillway Muddy Waters SS, CODcr environmental monitoring on the tank station of the WTP located downstream to the spillways. The domestic sewage should be gathered and discharged into allocated place by local environmental administration after pre-treatment of oil separation, sedimentation. The concrete water and purge water should be treated by the sedimentation tank and oily water by oil separator before discharge. When constructing spillways, cement and limes should be used as little as possible to prevent impact upon Xiangjiang.

5.5.9 Ecological Impact Analyses

All the project components, except PC3, involve land acquisition and resettlement, as well as earthworks. Therefore, destructions of natural vegetation, occupation of cropland are inevitable. Soil excavation, cutting slope will increase soil erosion. The RAP table provides details of land acquisition, at end of chapter.

Changes of Land Function

Of all the project components, PCI has the biggest changes in local land use type, by which about 3,120,449 square meters of the land area are taken up, including 1,634,297 square meters of cropland, 122,783 square meters of woodland and 164,448 square meters of pond, which account for 1.16%, 0.16%, 0.15% of the same type of land use in the Xiangjiang Ecological And Economic Belt (EEB) respectively. The land functions along the EEB will be slightly changed. But it will not have great impact upon the land structure, and accord with the plans for EEB land use type. By construction of this project, a new industrial belt will be created to bring social and economic benefit, and to add new values to the river shore land to some extent. impact on Vegetation

The existing main tree species in the CTZ Area are red pine, fir, Mao bamboo, camphor, gingko (maidenhair tree) (first-grade State protection), phoebe (second-grade State protection) and paulownia, etc. These protected tree species are all artificially planted ones and distributed in Xiao County, Chalin County and Yanlin County, outside of the HUDP project area except one maidenhair tree found in Zhaoshan Scenic Area. Construction of this project has only slight impact upon the endangered plants.

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Impact upon Animals

As a result of frequent human activities, one can rarely find large numbers of any wild animal species in the project areas except common ones like rabbit, rats and frogs. There are no rare or endangered wild animals found. The impact in the construction period on the population or species of wild animals is very small.

Impact on Aquatic Life

In the sections involved in PC1 component, there are no natural inflowing river mouths along Xiangjiang River, the flood-relief channels are all canalized ones. Although construction of the embankment and flood-relief channels will have a short-term impact upon the river water quality, it will not affect the diversity of aquatic life and destruction to the natural inflowing river mouths.

Analyses of Soil Erosion

According to the Hunan Provincial Soil and Water Conservation Program, the CZT urban areas are located within moderate hilly erosion region, where the landform is mainly of hilly land embedded with small basins. Due to the weakness of soil to resist erosion, distinct seasons between dry and wet, abundant rainfall, small proportion of woodland, intensive land use development and dense population, erosion is relatively intense in terms of area and intensity.

The annual average soil erosion modulus is about 2300 tons per square km. A soil erosion model was used by HEPRI to predict erosion during project construction. Table 5-15 shows that, as a result of the large quantity of earthwork, there are large areas of potential soil erosion.

Table 5-15 Possible Soil Erosion Amount by Component Project

Soil Erosion Soil Erosion Annual Projected Increased Sub-total of Names spots Area M2 Erosion duration erosion increased spots_ Area mModulus (year) Amount (t/a) erosion (t/a) PCI Main Works 2,212,085 mz 7500 t/km'.a 1 16829 Storehouse 31,748 m' 7500 t/km2.a 1 Embankment Gradient 15000 t/km2 .a 1 16753 Slope 21.8-26.6° Scenic Belt 929,309 m2 7500 t/kmZ.a 1 6970 Total 40552 40552 PC2 Plant Site 103,000 m2 6000 t/km2 .a 1.5 618 927 Sewers and 90,900m' 6000 t/km2 .a 1.5 Pump Stations (Earthwork) ___ __ Total PC4 Plant Site 320010 mZ 6000 t/km2 .a 1 1920 1920 PC6 Scenic Are 144705 m' 6000 t/km2.a 1.5 868 1302 Mitigation of Potential Soil Erosion

PC]

In the process of constructing the corridor component, a temporary soil conservation plan should be worked out before the revetment can be called into play; plastic film should be used to prevent soil from erosion by rain. (Mitigation measures for borrow pits are discussed in section 5.5.2).

Pro-excavation:

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* Consummation of drainage work, setup of spillways to direct rainwater; * Setup of temporary slag dump and blocks for humus soil for convenient backfill according to the needs; Under excavation:

* Separate excavation is required; the humus soil should be peeled off first to the temporary slag dump and be covered with plastic film; * Keep close monitoring on the stability of the construction sites before and after excavation.

* Timely backfill and resumption of vegetation upon excavation is required; * Strictly in accordance to the designed side slope requirement; Post-excavation:

* All-around backfill and resumption of vegetation; * Trimming and grass planting of side slope.

Temporary soil conservation measures should be worked out before the revetment can be called into play; plastic film should be used to keep the soil from erosion by rains. In construction of the stockyard, management measures are required as to average excavation, rectification, backfill, and resumption of vegetation.

PC2

Sewer construction activity should be scheduled during dry season. The excavated soil should be backfilled and compacted timely.

PC6.

The construction of new buildings should be strictly controlled so as to prevent the scenic area from urbanisation or commercialisation. The fraction of forest coverage should be further increased.

5.5.10 Summary of Potential Construction Phase Impacts These potential construction phase impacts are relatively minor and easily mitigated. Details of mitigation measures and a programme for monitoring the effective implementation of the measures, and the responsibility for the measures are summarised in Chapter 7.

5.6 Potential Operational Phase Impacts

5.6.1 Flooded Areas

The main function of PCI is flood control combined with the construction of a scenic road. The alignment the corridor component will follow as closely as reasonably possible the alignment of the existing embankment along the riverside. There are certain constraints which apply. These include avoiding or minimizing any encroachment by new work onto the active river channel or floodplain hydraulic cross section;

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Mapping has been prepared for the two cases of inundation at both sides of the river, with and without the project (referred to Figures 2.11 and 2.12). The expected changes in inundation areas are shown in Table 5-16:

Table 5-16 Projection of Inundation Area Before and After PCI Component (kM2 ) The Project Side Of The Other Side Of Reaches Case Xiangiang River Xiangiiang River 1% 2% 1% 2% Changsha to Zhaoshan -Before Project 23.36 23.34 20.19 19.53 Section (Project is on After Project 9.03 0 20.40 19.71 right bank) Xiangtan Section (Project Before Project 28.41 27.08 68.70 63.50 is on right bank) After Project 24.35 13.10 68.88 63.65 Zhuzhou Section (Project Before Project 34.14 32.04 12.78 12.03 is on left bank) After Project 14.53 6.21 12.78 12.03 Before Project 85.91 82.46 101.67 95.06 After Project 47.91 19.31 102.14 95.39 Whole Section of Project Increased Ratio of -44.23% -76.58% 0.46% 0.35% Submerged I Table 5-16 indicates that after the project, the existing inundation area along the project river side will 2 be reduced from 82.46 km to 19.31 km2 (by about 76%) at flood frequency of 1/50 year, and reduced 2 2 form 85.91 km to 47.91 km (by about 44%) at flood frequency of 1/100 year. Along the other side of the river, the inundation area will be slightly increased by 0.35% (1/50 year) and 0.46% (1/100 year) respectively. The in increased inundation areas along the other side of river are farmland according to the existing land use type. Therefore the impact of PCI component on the other side of river is minor.

5.6.2 Road Operations

Construction of PCI will change the regional traffic network; at the same time, enhanced mobility will bring regional economy more integrated and stimulated the land usage along the corridor; further more, the regional economic development will be hastened for economic structure is optimised and better conditions are provided.

5.6.3 Tourist Operations

Zhaoshan has abundant scenic and cultural resources covering religions, wartime revolutions, antique cultures as well as modern Chinese cultures. By construction of this project, as the infrastructure facilities are improved and sceneries repaired, it will attract more and more tourists, facilitate the development of tertiary industry, and help improve the life quality of the local residents; better environment will be created to draw outer investment.

5.6.4 General Water Environment

The World Bank funded Waterways II navigation hydroelectric dam project is located upstream of Zhuzhou at Kongzhou Island, where from Zhuzhou section PC1 corridor begins. It is an integrated project covering navigation works, hydropower, and irrigation works. It is now under construction and will go into operation in 2005.

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According the EIA Report of the Waterways II Project, the project includes a river channel reservoir with daily regulations, which has little impact upon downstream runoff. As the water flow is slowed in the reservoir, the post-construction water quality of the reservoir will become worse than before the reservoir construction; therefore the downstream water quality will be affected in small scale.

Ilnpact of PC] - HydrologicalImpact

Construction of the PCI project has little influence on the quantity and level of water when Xiangjiang River is at its normal stage, while in the flood period, particularly when the water level rises beyond the designed control level, the flood water from inundated area will join the river water, it will impact the river hydrological conditions with higher water level, increased flow and velocity.

To mitigate this impact, it is recommended that water resources department should monitor and project water flow and water level timely and take emergency measure if the flood event exceeded the designed flood control level to safeguard the corridor.

Inpact of PCI - Water Quality Impact

In the operating period, the impact on water quality mainly comes of wastewater from domestic usage, car washer and surface runoff waters from the servicing area; the main pollutants are COD and oils, etc. The quality of wastewater from car washer can be estimated as follows: pH 6.5-8.5; COD 25-200mg/L; Oil lOmg/L; SS 500mg/L. The pollutants surface runoff was assessed by HUEIA to be diluted by stormwater and therefore has minimal impact to water quality in the Xiangjiang River. The main pollutant factor is SS, which can be effectively reduced by sedimentation.

The runoff wastewater quality rests on various aspects, such as traffic volume, rainfall intensity, dryness and vegetation covering rate, etc. Normally, the runoff pollutants are small in quantity; they will have little impact upon water environment after convergence with other runoffs. Still, runoffs near the intake station of water treatment plants should collected by ditches and conveyed into Xiangjiang River. Table 5-17 provides estimated pollutant concentrations in surface runoff:

Table 5-17 Estimated Pollutant Concentration of Surface Runoffs

Parameter 5-20nin 20-30min 30-60min Average

SS 231.42-158.52 185.52-90.36 90.36-18.71 100

BODs 7.34-7.30 7.30-4.15 4.15-1.26 5.21

Oil 22.30-19.74 19.74-3.12 3.12-0.21 11.25

To mitigate the impact on water quality, following mitigation measures are recommended:

* Stormwater drainage system along the corridor should be cleared and maintained regularly to avoid any siltation and blockage; * The stormwater drainage system should be designed to be lined with rubble-stone to avoid erosion by stormwater and reduce mini waterfall effect; * No any outfalls should be allowed to locate in drinking water protection zones (lOOOm upperstream and 100 downstream of the intakes of WTPs; * Outfalls in Xiangtan that are dominated by industrial wastewater outfalls and randomly distributed along the corridor should be modified.

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Wastewater and domestic garbage generated from services along the corridor (e.g. the parks, aquatels in Zhaoshan scenic area, farmhouse garden for citizen's recreation should not be discharged into the Xiangjiang River freely.

Inipact of PC2

The impact of PC2 on water environment is positive, due to the reduced pollutant load. The estimated contribution pollutant load with and without the PC2 component is listed in Table 5-18:

Table 5-18 Intensity of Pollution Source Treated to meet Untreatedo standard 3 Runoff (m /s) 1.39 1.39 BOD5 138.9 27.8 Discharging Intensity CODcr 305.6 83.3 (gls) NH3-N 27,2 11.1 TP 4.2 2.1 A two-dimensional static attenuation model for non-persistent was used by HEPRI to predict water quality in Liuyang River (the receiving water body of PC2 component) by HEPRI as recommended in the 'EIA Directives'. The relevant parameters in the models were from investigation data and past EIA archives, where K=0.23; My=0.19; Average River Width=130 meters, Water Depths=2m, Flow Velocity=0.3 m/s; Low water Period Width=1 10 m, Water Depths=1.6m, Flow Velocity=0.24 m/s.

The prediction results are listed in Table 5-19. If the wastewater is discharged directly into Liuyang River without treatment, downstream water quality would be severely polluted. With the treatment to meet the discharge standard, downstream water quality is much better than the untreated scenario, though pollution parameters of CODCr, BOD5, NH3 -N and TP more or less exceed the standard due to untreated wastewater load into the river at upper stream and existing water quality in the river has exceeded the standard. Nevertheless, there is no intake station of water treatment plant in this section, it will not harm to the drinking water security status.

Table 5-19 Range of Pollutants Exceeding the Standard at PC2 Period Scenario Range of Excee ing the Standard CODer BODs NH3-N TP Treated 10 m long, 3 m 30 m long, 5 m Medium wide at max. 80 m long, 6 m 70 m long, 6 m Medium 150 m long wide at max. wide at max. wide at max. season Untreated 10i wide at 700 m long, 16 500 m long, 15 300 m long, 15 Untreted]ma wid m wide at max. m wide at max. m wide at max. max. Treated 25 m long, 6 m 60 m long, 8 m 150 m long, 10 130 m long, 10 wide at max. wide at max. m wide at max. m wide at max. Dry season 300 min IS 1300 900 , 30 500 i long, Untreated m iea a.30 m wide at 0wiea m wide at max. max. m wide at max. max. max.

The PC2 component will collect and discharge the centralised treated sewage in the service area. It will regulate the existing disorderly discharge status in Liuyang River and reduce the pollution load, the water quality of Liuyang River and of lower reaches of Xiangjiang River will be greatly improved.

In the operation process, measures should be taken to minimise possible contingencies to avoid pollutions by untreated wastewaters. Recommended mitigation measures include:

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* Design dual power supply systems to avoid electricity cut-off accidents; * Strengthen maintenance of equipment and sewer system to avoid blockage and suspension of equipment; * Workout a best practice for management of risk and procure emergency equipment. Impact of PC3

The industrial wastewater of this project component will all be reused after treatment. The flow domestic wastewater, which is discharged into municipal sewers via plant drainage pipes, is very small and has little impact upon Xiangjiang River.

In the Coal refuse storing yard, a belt conveyor delivers coal refuse (solid waste) generated from the coal preparation process to a storage yard 500m NW of the Factory. The storage yard is backed by a natural hill at its south. The Hongfu Garden residential quarter, built in 1999, is located at its west end (with only a separation wall and nearest distance of 50 m) which is an object of EA special concem. There are industries at its north and east. In 1958, there were no residents and properties around this place except the natural hill, since then this yard has been served as coal refuse storage site.

Over the last 40 years, the storage yard piled up, at maximum, over 5 mnillion tones of coal refuse. Due to the reuse of the coal refuse, at present, stored coal refuse has been reduced to about 3 million tons, with in a 10-12 m high pile (higher than the ground level of residential quarter at its west), occupying 300,000 m2 of land, and most of the coal refuse stored has become weathered.

There are no any facilities (drainage ditches, covers, and wall) in the storage yard to prevent secondary pollution except for a 300m-long and 2m-high wall separating the storage yard from the residential quarter. Under such circumstances, the existing coal refuse storage yard has potential impacts on the environment such as: the runoff from the storage yard during raining season would pollute water environment and disturb living environment to residents living in Hongfu residential quarter; the coal refuse pile, which is 10-12m high may collapse by heavy storm water runoff and threaten the safety of residents living in the residential quarter. In addition the existing reuse of the coal refuse is not environmental-friendly, since individuals or small TVIEs use coal refuse as fuel to make bricks of lime, which undoubtedly causes fugitive emissions.

To mitigate the potential impacts of coal refuse, a budget of 1 million RMB has been arranged to take following mitigation measures on the coal storage yard:

* A retaining wall is to be built at west and north side and earth up the wall for planting grass to prevent collapse and mitigate the impact on residential quarter. * A drainage ditch/channel is to be built at the west and north side to drain runoff into the urban sewer system.

* The entire storage yard needs to be enclosed by extending the wall and signs of environmental protection be placed on the wall. According the provisions of GB 15562.2, regular maintenance of the enclosure wall should be practiced. * The coal refuse should be watered regularly to prevent dust pollution and hypergolic. * To avoid the secondary air pollution by reusing of coal refuse, the HZCCC, the project PIU wish PPMO to extend its desire to pack the "multi-purposes utilisation of coal refuse in an environmental friendly way" as a technical assistance package. In the mean time, HZCCC

Coisolidated Eiiviro,iine,.tal Assessineurt 5-29 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

has made its commitment to take some actions to avoid potential impact of coal refuse, including commitment on not to sale coal refuse to individuals for brick-making. Figure 5.4 provide the copy of commitment of HZCCC (at the end of this chapter)

Impact of PC4

The wastewater of this project component consists of 150 m3 /d of domestic sewage and 100 m3/d of industrial wastewater from washing of containers and mechanical equipment repairment and maintenance workshop. The washing waters and oil wastewater will be recycled or used for watering vegetation after sedimentation and oil separation respectively. The domestic sewage will be collected by a separate sewer system and conveyed into Xiawan WWTP (about 500 m from the logistic centre) for treatment to meet Grade I of standard GB8978-1996 before discharging into Xiangjiang River. Even, without the treatment, pollution load to Xiangjiang River is limited. A prediction was made by HEPRI on the contribution of increased pollutants concentration to Xiangjiang River from PC4 without treatment. The results showed that this project has little impact upon the river water environment.

Table 5-20 shows the contribution of increased pollutants concentration to Xiangjiang River from PC4 without treatment in mg/L.

Table 5-20 Contribution of Increased Pollutants Concentration to Xiangjiang River from PC4 without Treatment in mg/L

Y m 510 20 30 40 50 10 0.75 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50 0.49 0.38 0.12 0.02 0.00 0.00 100 0.38 0.33 0.32 0.12 0.02 0.00 200 0.26 0.25 0.19 0.16 0.12 0.02 400 0.21 0.20 0.15 0.13 0.10 0.03 1000 0.12 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.05 3000 0.09 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 Impact of PC6

The wastewaters in the scenic area are mainly from domestic sewage of tourists. The predicted discharge amount is listed in Table 5-21:

Table 5-21 Prediction of Domestic Sewage Amount in PC6

No. Year Annual number of Amount of Domestic Sewage Amount (tla) visitors Sewage (t/d) 1 2005 565,700 232.48 84,800 2 2006 63.36 260.38 95,000 3 2009 84.35 346.64 126,500 4 2010 89.41 367.44 134,100 5 2012 96.71 397.44 145,000 The pollutants of domestic sewage mainly are BOD5, COD, TN, Organic Nitrogen and phosphorus, which are all of degradable nutrient organic substances. Table 5-22 shows the predicted (in 2012) concentration and discharge amount of pollutants in the untreated wastewaters:

Table 5-22 Composition and Status of the PC6 Untreated Domestic Wastewater (in 2012) Main Pollutants BODs COD,l TN TP SS Concentration (mg/L) 200 400 40 8 220

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Discharge Amount (U/a) 29.2 58.4 5.84 1.168 32.12 Discharge Intensity (g/s) 0.93 1.85 0.19 0.04 1.02

GB8978-96 Grade I 20 100 0.5 70

According to relevant environmental requirement, the domestic wastewaters should meet Grade I of the standard (GB8978-96) Corresponding treatment facilities are to be installed. Additionally, to minimize the impact of aquatic entertaining programs, the electric boats are recommended.

5.6.5 Sewage Overflows (Collection, Pump Stations, WWTP)

PC2

After WWTP commissioning, raw sewage may bypass the collection systems, pump stations, and WWTP during storm events (until sewerage systems have been completely separated), electrical outages or when the WWTP experiences operational problems. The wet well at the pump stations and inlet to the WWTP will provide only a short-term buffer for such situations and raw sewage will be soon bypassed under these circumstances. The collection system and pump stations are designed to intercept 2 times the average daily flow and then will surcharge.

A primary sedimentation tank is now being designed in the WWTP to treat overflows conveyed by pressure pipeline into WWTP during the wet season. In the design for such combined sewer system, sedimentation tanks have been considered in front of the manhole located ahead of the interception chambers to serve for the purpose of reducing pollution load from overflow, as well as protecting the interception chambers and downstream pipes from silting up.

The project client should set up specific supervising department to administer and protect the pipelines and pump stations, once leakage or overflow occurs, instant maintenance is to be made. The wastewater overflowing in the raining period must be discharged after sedimentation. A primary sedimentation tank is now being considered in the design of WWTP to treat the overflow. The Changshanyuan WWTP should strengthen the management by setting up the post duty system. periodically examining the treatment devices and timely handling the problems found.

PC3

The HZCCC has a WWTP with a treatment capacity of 360 m3/d and has been in operation since 1991 and has operated well. The tertiary sedimentation and filtration technique is used and the existing treatment capacity is able to meet the proposed production, without overflow.

PC4

After pre-treatment, the wastewater of PC4 are collected and conveyed into Xiawan WWTP meet the standard, and then discharged into Xiangjiang River.

PC6

The wastewaters are mainly domestic sewage produced by the tourists. They will be solved by setting up of ecological toilets; after being treated by a small-scale treatment system to meet the standard, they are finally discharged into Xiangjiang River.

HEPRI suggested the following measures of impact prevention and mitigation:

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* Careful design and construction. Runs of pipelines shall bypass the areas where the ground is likely to settle or unstable; the pipe sections crossing major traffic primary roads shall be sleeved, and apparent signs set up on the ground; when other major works or nearby roads are under construction, in-situ safety, supervision and protection works shall be done well. * Power must be supplied to pumping station in double circuits to guarantee the reliability of power network; diesel driven pumps and generating units should be equipped as far as possible.

* Maintenance for pumping station and pipeline shall be conducted when main factories along the route have stopped production for inspection and repair; when a pipeline is under maintenance, tributaries or surpassing pipes shall be opened to deplete overflows as much as possible.

* Place signs to wam people not to access to the outfalls of overflow.

* Runs of pipelines shall bypass the areas where the ground is likely to settle or unstable; the pipe sections crossing major traffic primary roads shall be sleeved, and apparent signs set up on the ground; when other major works or nearby roads are under construction, in-situ safety, supervision and protection works shall be done well. Power must be supplied to pumping station in double circuits.

5.6.6 Industrial Waste Upsets

According to HEPRI, there is not a large industrial contribution to the PC2 sewerage system and WWTP. Pre-treatment has been a problem in most of China. There is a possibility of industrial waste upsets to the sewerage system and WWVTP but rigorous influent monitoring will be specified as well as operational plans to mitigate such problems.

It is suggested that the enterprises with a daily discharge volume of 500 m3 have to install on-line monitoring instruments to monitor wastewater flow and CODcr; that Changsha Environmental Monitoring Station carry out irregular selective inspections in combination with enterprises' applications for discharges so as to restrain enterprises to conscientiously enforce the laws and regulations of the state and to accomplish discharging after meeting the standard, to guarantee normal and stable operation of WWTP. Supervision shall be strengthened.

5.6.7 Ecological Environment

Impact of PCI

Since PCI only raises and strengthens the embankment, it has little impact upon the river shore eco- environment, especially on aquatic life. In the flood period, floods that used to submerge the river shore land will increase the water quantity and flow velocity; therefore more land area will be submerged by uplifted water level. According to past hydrological statistics, in the CZT Area, the flooding frequency is about 26%, lasts about 2 months each time. No endangered species exist on the river island, so the impact upon island wildlife was considered small by HEPRI. The island vegetation will resume its original appearance after the flood recedes.

In the initial stage of the operating period of this project, by consummation of the greening and protection works, the soil erosion status will be further improved. But as it takes time for vegetation to mature, soil erosion caused by construction of flood banks and scenic road will still be in existence

Conisolidated Environmental Assessment 5-32 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

and will come back to the pro-project level in two more years. If protection measures reinforced, the soil erosion status will be less serious than before.

lImpact of PC6

After the construction of the component and re-afforestation in the project area, ecological environment will be much more improved and benefit to bio-diversity. As the enhanced eco- environment is more complicated, by mutual restraint and inter-dependency of the propagation. the ecosystem of the scenic area will become more stable and balanced.

As the number of tourists increase after the project, there will be more bad behaviours like picking of tree branches, trample of grass field, smoking or picnic. Chances of fatal accident will also increase such as fire hazard caused by smoking and picnic; and possibly there will be more plant diseases and insect pests. These problems are crucial to draw great importance from ZTTDC to work out a good operation management program.

5.6.8 Air Quality Impacts

PCI

Exhaust gasesfrom vehicles

The impact of PCI component on air quality would be caused by vehicle exhausted gas emission and will impact air quality along the scenic road area. According to the Specifications for EIA of Highway (proposed, JTJO05-96) and the traffic volume provided by the feasibility study report, the emission of exhausted gas from the sources estimated by HEPRI are shown in Table 5-23:

Table 5-23 Estimated Exhausted Gas Emission from the Sources Component Time Co NOx THC Emission Source Emission Source Emission Source amount intensity amount intensity amount intensity (tla) (mg/s.m) (Va) (mgls.m) (tta) (mgls.m) PCI 2007 3701.82 1.62 209.07 0.09 961.48 0.42 2015 5077.06 2.22 286.74 0.13 1318.68 0.58 _2026 7663.39 3.36 432.87 0.19 1990.70 0.87 A model was used by HEPRI to predict the NOx emission from vehicles on environment esp. on the sensitive points. When the wind direction is perpendicular to the line source of noise pollution and due to the impact of road operation, the increased NOx concentrations at sensitive points are fairly small and meet Grade II of Standard GB 3095-96, except the sensitive point of Zhaoshan under the long-term scenario because of the baseline data has been higher.

Table 5-24 provide the predicted results of NOx concentration at sensitive points.

Table 5-24 Predicted Results of NOx Concentration at Sensitive Points Sensitive Point Scenario NOx daily concentration Concentration Max. Compared to contributed by concentration standard (%) 3 3 PCI (mg/m ) (mg/m ) Leidashi Initial phase 0.002 0.052 43.3 FMedium phase 0.003 0.053 44.2

Consohdated Etiviroiiinem.tal Assessmeint 5-33 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Long-term phase 0.004 0.054 45.0 Zhaoshan Initial phase 0.009 0.111 92.5 Medium phase 0.013 0.114 95.0 Long-term phase 0.019 0.121 100.8 Xiangyin Initial phase 0.003 0.029 24.2 residential quarter Medium phase 0.003 0.030 25.0 ILong-term phase 1 0.006 1 0.062 1 51.7 PC3

Exhlaust Gases

The sources and pollutants of the exhaust gases in PC3 are as follows:

* Boiler exhaust gases, of soot and SO2 , are to be controlled by adopting the water film dust catcher; * Tailgases of dust from driers of CB processing system are to be controlled by bag dust collector;

* Flying dust from loading and unloading of materials is to be controlled by spraying water and exhausting system. * Flying dust from crusher is to be controlled by exhausting system. The exhaust gases mainly come from loading and unloading of raw coal, fragmentation, and process. The emission status and proposed control measures are shown in Tables 5-25 and 5-26:

Table 5-25 PC3 Emission Status and Control Measures (330*24hours) 4 Emission Amount (10 m/a) Dust Enission Amount_(Va)_ Pollutant Sources 2,400,000Vta of 600,000 Ua of 3oncentration2,400,000tVa of Amout Va ust Removal (mg/inm f0,0 l f M40OO/ode Production Production Production Production Loading and 28512 128 150 42.77 10.69 Dry Removal nlnad ing______crusher 83636 0909 150 125.45 31.36 Wet Removal Coal preparation 24711 178 15 .71 .93 et Removal process Total 136859 34215 _ _ 1171.93 42.98 Table 5-26 Emission Status and Control Measures of the Exhaust Gases Unit Boiler Exhaust Dusty Transport of Crusher, etc. Gases(6.5t/h) Tailgases Coal Total Amount mn/h 13,000 15,000 120,000 Dust Removal Mode Water film dust catcher Bag dust Spraying water Exhausting collector ;ystem Desulphurisation Mode Cleaner Coal Parameter /Coal Slurry Parameter Chimney M (Height/lnternal 35/0.8 15/1.3 15/1.3 Diameter of the Exit) Exit Temperature -I *80/ 160 Normal _emperature Emission oot or g/m *300/60 <100 Reuse of 100 Status Dusts t/a *30.9/6.18 12 Collected Slurry 5 S02 mg/m' *1300/510: t/a *133.8/52.5 Dust Removal % 95 99 Efficiency Desulphurization Rate % 5% 3 Emission Values of mg/m ootS200 TSP: 120 SP: 120 The Standard _O25900

Consolidated Environmenital Assessment 5-34 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

5 Unit Boiler Exhaust Dusty Transport of Crusher, etc. Gases(6.5t/h) Tailgases Coal Kg/h Soot:31 TSP: 3.5 TSP: 3.5 SO2 :20

Notc: Valuc marked with * means thermal coal parameter/CWM parameter; Quality of cleaner coal: S<0.9% ash<301/., Consumption=1.3L/h; quality of coal slurry: S<0.6%, ashS12%, Consumption=l i/ft Emission standard: boiler adopts Category 2, Period 11in GB13271-2001; others adopt Grade 2 in GB16297-96. These tables indicate that the main pollutant sources are boiler soot, dried tailgases, and tailgases from dust catcher in the fragmentation process. The emission concentration and rate of TSP from the dried tailgases meet the requirement of Grade 2 in Integrated emission standard of air pollutants (GB16297- 1996); emission concentration of TSP from the fragmentation tailgases, but as it is emitted via chimneys of 15 meters high, the emission rate exceeds the standard by 3.4 times. The boiler soot, after being treated by the water film dust catcher, can meet the standard by selection of fuel.

If the thermal coal is used, the concentrations of soot and SO2 are 300mg/m3 and 1300mg/m3 which exceed the standard by 1.5 and 1.44 times; if the CWM is used, the concentrations are 60mg/m3 and 3 510 mg/m , which take up only 30% and 56.7% of the standard value. And the emission rate of both pollutants will meet the standard with either fuel, if the chimney is over 35 meters high.

To meet the standard, HEPRI recommended:

* To use the CWM as boiler fuel;

* According to regulations in GB13271-2001, the chimney of 6.5t/h boiler must be at least 35 meters high and 3 meters higher than the highest building within 200 meters around it; the crusher chimney must be 24 meter high at least. SO, litpacts

The monitoring data in the past 20 years indicate that the exhaust gas pollution continually rising and peaking in the mid 90s. In 2000, the CZT air quality exceeded Grade 2 of the standard about one third of the year, even Grade 3 sometimes. The coal consumption was 7,313,700 tons containing a sulphur of 1.5%, and emission amount of S02 reached 112,800 tons.

If cleaner coal with S fixation rate at 50% was used, S02 would have been reduced by 90,000 tons, which takes up 80% of the emission amount of S02 in CZT Area; flue dusts would have been cut by 60-70%c, NO by 30-40 and CO2 by 15-40%. Therefore, spread of cleaner coal will effectively improve local air quality.

According to the PC3 EIA Report, the SO, impacts of the project were predicted as shown in Table 5- 27, showing the maximum ground concentrations and distance of SO2 under different stability degrees:

Table 5-27 Maximum Ground Concentration And Distance Of SO2 Under Different Stability Degree B D E Distance (m) 268 670 974 Concentration mg/mI 0.1119 0.1064 0.1055 Proportion to the Standard% 22.38 21.28 21.11

Conisolidated Enivironm,Bental Assessmelt 5-35 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

HEPRI then analysed the potential impacts upon sensitive points, as shown in Tables 5-28 and 5-29:

Table 5-28 Hourly Concentration of SO2 Under Different Stability Degrees B D E Wind Sensitive Points Conc. Proportion Proportion Proportion Velocity 33 to the to the 3 to the mg/rn Standard% mg/r Standard % g/m Standard% Plant Site 0.0498 9.95 0.0469 9.39 0.0466 9.32 AeaeResidents Shanmutang 0.0969 19.38 0.0914 18.28 0.0907 18.14 _ Residential Area Plant Site 0.0522 10.45 0.0496 9.92 0.0491 9.81 Breeze Reshdents Shanmutang 0.1018 20.36 0.0965 19.31 Residential AreaI 0.0956 19.13

Table 5-29 Hourly Concentration of TSP under Different Stability Degree

Wind B D E Velocity Sensitive Points Concentration Concentration3 Concentration3 AVelocity g....3.mg/... m mg/mn APlant Site Residents 0.0514 0.0485 0.0462 Average__ Shanmutang Residential Area 0.0871 0.0822 0.0784 Breeze Plant Site Residents 0.0542 0.0511 0.0487 _Shanmutang Residential Area 0.0918 0.0866 0.0825 Under different stability degrees, when the project is completed, the Maximum Ground Concentration 3 of SO2 is 0.1 ll9mg/rm which is 22.38% of the standard value (Grade 2) and 0.3509mg/mr3 after superimposition with the maximum value of present monitoring results which taking up 70.18% of the standard value. The Maximum Ground Concentration of TSP is 0.1540mg/m3 .

3 In sensitive point 1, the maximum added value of SO2 is 0.0522mg/m , taking up only 10.45% of the standard value, and is only 0.2912mg/m 3 which take up 58.24% of the standard value after superimposition with the maximum value of present monitoring results. In sensitive point 2, the 3 maximum added value of SO2 is 0.1018mg/m , taking up only 20.36% of the standard value, and is 3 only 0.3408mg/m which take up 68.16% of the standard value after superimposition with the maximum value of present monitoring results; the maximum added value of TSP is 0.0918 mg/m3 . These two points all meets the Grade 2 requirement of the standard. HEPRI indicated that the results indicate that construction of this project has very little impact upon the atmospheric environment of nearby sensitive sites.

PC6

In the operating period of PC6, as the traffic volume increases, the tail gas and flying dust produced by the running vehicles will have some adverse impacts upon the atmospheric environment in the scenic area. From report of other similar projects, the tail gas is the main contributor of impact. The SO2 and NO, concentration along the roadside will increase to some extent.

If small carriageways are constructed in the scenic area, the atmospheric environment may be polluted by tail gases. For protection of the air quality, HEPRI recommended that only pollution-free cars be allowed in the scenic area. Additionally, for there are still some residents living inside or around the scenic area, and coal remains their main thermal resource, cleaner resources like liquefied petroleum gas, biogas and electric power are recommended.

Consolidated En.vironmen.tal Assessment 5-36 DRAFr 03/B/Febraary 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

5.6.9 Noise

Iniipact of PC]

Predictions for traffic noise were made according to the calculation model recommended by the Specifications for EIA of Highway (proposed, JTJO05-96). The impact of traffic noise for PCI is shown in Table 5-30:

Table 5-30 Noise Impact upon Sensitive Points for PC1 in Operation Period in dB(A)

Prediction Results No. Sensitive Points Distance 2007 12015 2026 Day- Night- Day- Night- Day- Night- time time time time time time Sp] Daping Elementary School 230 47.3 - 47.8 - 48.3

Sp2 Yandi College 20 64.9 - 66.0 - 67.6 - Sp3 Kongling Temple 90 52.1 49.5 53.0 50.4 54.6 51.7 Sp4 Xiangyin Residential Area 110 51.1 48.1 51.9 49.0 53.4 50.3 Sp5 Huating Residential Area 130 50.2 46.9 50.8 47.7 52.3 49.0 The result of the noise analyses for PCI indicates the following:

* Noise is higher after the road is open to traffic; and is indirectly related to the distance from the road; * For the sensitive points, the noise values of Spl and SpS all meet the standard and those of Sp2 all exceed the standard with a maximum value of 67.6dB(A); the noise values of Sp3 and Sp4 slightly exceed the standard in the night-time. As the exceeding rate in Sp3 and Sp4 is small, the noise can be reduced to meet the standard by relevant control measures such as planting trees. Sp2 - is to be relocated (included in RAP) * For pump stations, the affected area by noise of the water pumps covers: 50 meters around the pump in the daytime and 100 meters in the night-time. According to investigations, these pumps only run in hard rain period. Control measures such as shock absorption and selection of low noise pumps are recommended.

Impact of PC2

Noise from PC2 includes WWTP noise and pump station noise. The former mainly comes from base pump station and aerator. The attenuation status is shown in Table 5-31 based on the monitoring results of No.1 WWTP of Changsha:

Table 5-31 WWTP Noise Attenuation Status in dB(A)

llm 5m 10m 15m 25m 50m 100m Remarks Inlet Pump 92 78 72 68.5 64 House 58 52 4 running centrifugal pumps

House 92 78 72 68.5 64 58 52 4 running centrifugal pumps Aerators 80 66 60 56.5 52 46 40 4 running centrifugal blower fans Central Pump 80.5 66.5 60.5 57 52.5 46.5 Station 40.5 Tingzigang 81 67 61 57.5 53 47 41 Pump Station Wujiazhou I 81 67 61 57.5 53 47 41

Conlsolidated En.vironimental Assessmnen.t 5-37 DRAFr 03/B/Februarv 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Pump Station Yaodongzil 81 67 6 57.5 53 47 41 Pump Station 8 5_4

HEPRI concluded that from these results that the noise impact of the WWTP site is acceptable. However, as blaster blower will be used in Changshanyuan WWTP, the noise value will be slightly higher than the above results. Some specific protection measures might be necessary. Besides, according to the investigations, there are about 100 households living within 100 meters around the lifting pump station and central pump station; and according to the prediction results, noise exceed the standard within 50 meters around these pump stations, therefore, measures like sound insulation and selection of low noise pumps are needed.

Impact of PC3

In the operating period, noise mainly comes from crusher, ball mill, vacuum pump, vibration mill, colloid mill and blower fans. Since high noise machines such as vibration mill and crusher are to be installed with vibration and noise reduction facilities, and located in enclosed workshops, the noise can be reduced to about 85 dB(A).

According to on-site monitoring, the noise in southwest residential (inside the factory) area exceeds the standard for it is the closest point to the noisiest crusher house. Therefore, sound insulation is necessary for the crusher house. The noise intensity of the operating machine must meet relevant standard; measures like vibration reduction, sound proof, silencing and planned layout are suggested to minimize the impact; vehicles run at limited speed and whistles are prohibited in the residential area.

Impact of PC4

The transportation vehicles like trains and automobiles are the main contributor of noise. Following measures are recommended: economic compensation or installation of soundproof doors and windows for the affected people; whistles should be as few as possible.

Impact of PC6

Another important possible polluter is No.107 Highway. HEPRI monitored the acoustic environment at 100 meters away from the highway during Nov,30h and Dec,2nd of 2003, and the results all met the standard. As the scenic road of PCI will have much less traffic than No.107 Highway, it will not affect the acoustic environment of Zhaoshan Scenic Area.

The Railway and Road Highway No 107 cut the area of this first phase from the future Eastern zone of the ecological belt. The traffic on Road 107 is extremely noisy, and produces 70 to 90 decibels and causing serious noise pollution to the East side of the scenic area.

Traffic control measures must be introduced, and promoted by the ZTTDC, which:-

* Reduce traffic speed and provide speed controls with radar. * Forbid the use of horns except in emergency, * Control overtaking

* Provide safe pedestrian movement and prevent conflicts of pedestrian and traffic

Conisolidated Environmental Assessment 5-38 DRAFT 03/1B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

5.6.10 Odours

In biological treatment process, odour gas (containing H2S, NH3-N methanethiol) will be generated from the primary sedimentation tank, grit chamber, clarifiers, and sludge digestion tank and dewatering area and be fugitively emitted into air.

Odour emitted by bio-treatment process and sludge is the primary air pollution sources in PC2. The reducing odoriferous substances, which are disorganised emission sources produced by bio- decomposed organic substances, can exist in the grit chamber, reaction tanks, sludge processing facilities, and enter into the air by surface emanation or aeration.

HEPRI began their odour analyses by reviewing the experiences of other WWTPs in China, as shown in Tables 5-32 to 5-35:

Table 5-32 Odour Monitoring Data in Jizhuangzi WWTP of City 3 N34-(mg/m ) Methanethiol3 Odour Sources H2S(mg/m ) NH-(mg/m) (mg/m ) Concentration Aeration Tank 0.222 0.479 0.084 570 Sludge Tank 30.95 0.312 0.347 6500 Dehydration House 52.72 0.475 0.498 20000 Preliminary 0.45 4.7 Sedimentation Tank

Table 5-33 Odour Monitoring Data in Dongjiao WWTP of Handan City Start- End- Sludge Site loim Sources point of point of Bar Sedimentation Concentration Boundary around Oxidation Oxidation Screen Tank onk near Bar Site Ditch Ditch Tank Screen Boundary Odour 760 110 760 1200 Concelltration 1100 2.8 1.5

Table 5-34 Odour Monitoring Data in Gaobeidian Municipal WWTP Sludge Dehydration 50 m around 100 m Around Outside Sources Concentration Room Dehydration Dehydration Ounde Tank Room Room Room Boundary

Concentration 43 173 6.5 1.5 <1.5 According to other similar projects, the odour mainly consists of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methyl hydrosulfide, methyl sulfide, trimethylamine, etc. The monitoring results of these odour substances all exceed the standard limits. Therefore, the sanitary protection width surrounding the proposed WWTP must be planned.

HEPRI used the following formula to calculate the required width of sanitary protection zone:

Qi-=1-(BLC +0.25r 2) 2 LD Co A

Where:

Conisolidated Envroisninenstal Assessmentt 5-39 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commuission

Qi=emission amount of pollutants;

3 CO=pollutants concentration limit (NH 3:0.2 mg/m ; H2S:0.01 mg/m3);

L= width of sanitary protection zone;

R=equivalent radius of pollutant area;

A, B, C and D are calculation constants which are evaluated as 350, 0.0211 1.85 and 0.84 according the average wind speed and regional characteristics.

HEPRI used the following formula to calculate the emission intensity of pollutant sources: Qi =C,v.q

Where:

Qi= emission amount of pollutants;

Ci= pollutant concentration;

Vm=average wind velocity (2.7m/s);

q=calculation constant (1.5)

From calculations above, HEPRI calculated the required width of the sanitary protection zone to NH3 at 100m

As there is a certain distance from the sources of odour to the boundary of WWTP, HEPB recommend a protection zone of 150 m wide (starting from the boundary) in its approval of component EA.

Figure 5.2 provide the plane layout of WWTP and land use in its surrounding.

According to the field survey, HEPRI find there are about 100 households located in the 150 protection zone. HEPRI recommend following mitigation measures:

* Deodorisation equipment and deodorant should be considered in the design; * Optimize the plan layout of WWTP to maximise the distance between odour sources and residential households;

* Maximise green land area inside the WWTP, plant arboreal trees and shrub with at least 10 wide at downwind between the WWTP boundary and residential buildings; * It is recommended that a detailed noise and odour monitoring program be included in the operational phase environmental monitoring program to verify if the planned protection zone should be maintained.

* It is noted that the proposed WWTP is slated for a Phase II that will more than double the size, and the required protection zone will undoubtedly be needed after Phase II begins operations.

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 5-40 DRAFr 03/B/Februarv 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

5.6.11 Effluent Water Quality Impact

Impact of PCI

The existing main outfalls and discharge status along the flood embankments are listed in Table 5-35.

Table 5-35 Existing Outfalls and Discharge Status along the PC1 Flood Embankments

No. Outfalls Sections Locations Wastewater Type I Chenjiagang Zhuzhou Yanjiang Road Domestic Sewage 2 Yijiagang Zhuzhou No.2 Bridge Domestic Sewage 3 West Dukou Zhuzhou 3rimg400m downstream of No. I Domestic Sewage 4 Xujiagang Zhuzhou 150m upstream of No.4 Water Plant Domestic Sewage 5 Xishanling Zhuzhou Leidashi Natural Bathhouse Domestic Sewage 6 Shengli Ditch Zhuzhou Zhuzhou Domestic Sewage 7 No. 11 Gongnong Gate Xiangtan Xiangtan Domestic Sewage 8 Xiangjiang Texture Xiangtan Xiangjiang Texture Corp. Industrial Wastewater Corp. 9 Coking Plant of Xiangtan Carbonization Plant of Xiangtan Industrial Wastewater Xiangtan Steel Corp. Steel Corp. 10 Iron making Plant of Xiangtan Iron making Plant of Xiangtan Steel Industrial Wastewater Xiangtan Steel Corp. CiaICorp. 11 Xiangtan Cable Plant Xiangtan Xiangtan Cable Plant Industrial Wastewater 12 Wujiagang Zhaoshan Nantian (Pesticide) Corp. Industrial Wastewater This table indicates that the outfalls of wastewater are mainly located in Zhuzhou and Xiangtan. The most of outfalls in Zhuzhou section discharge domestic sewage, while in Xiangtan section, the there are larger number of and industrial wastewater outfalls, which discharge large volume industrial wastewater is and complicated pollutants including higher organic matter and severely polluted the water environment and changed the bio-structure in Xiangjiang River in part of sub-sections where these outfalls located.

Although the majority of industries have installed pollution control facilities, the operation of these treatment facilities are not sometime normal and some industries accidentally discharge wastewater that exceeded the discharge standard. Therefore, the development of riverside industries should be restricted rationally. Particularly consideration should be given to the restructuring and distributing industries in Xiangtan. The enforcement of pollution control regulations, cleaner production promotion and total load control should be strengthened to enable Xiangjiang EEB to develop sustainably.

There are frequent sites on the river and country side of the existing embankments where dredged materials are landed, moved by conveyors, screened and stored in heaps or loaded directly into large trucks. There are also factories producing precast concrete units. These activities together with the movement of loaders and trucks and the operation of dredging plant up and down the river make a strong visual and noise impact on anyone walking along the embankment crest. One objective of the project is to provide a scenic road for people to find places for sightseeing, recreation and refreshment in the proposed embankment landscape. It is suggested that a land use plan be implemented to separate and possibly screen the industrial zones from the landscaped areas to enable the objective of a scenic road to be realised in practice. The construction of PCI will not directly impact these discharges, but control of these discharges would optimise the tourism benefits of PCI and the water quality benefits of PC2.

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 5-41 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Impact of PC2

The wastewater discharge amount of Changshantyuan WWTP is 1.4 m3/s with a velocity Of 0.55m/s. The treated effluent quality is designed to meet the Category B Grade I of Standard GB 18918-2002. With the treatment to meet the discharge standard, downstream water quality is much better than the untreated scenario, though pollution parameters of CODC,, BOD5, NH 3-N and TP more or less exceed the standard due to untreated wastewater load into the river at upper stream and existing water quality in the river as a baseline data has exceeded the standard (see Table 5-16).

The treated effluent is to be discharged into the Liuyang River, it will scour the riverbed and affect shipping. Therefore, measures are to be taken, such as installation of multi-channel, concurrent flow between river water and wastewater, to protect shipping and riverbed. On-line monitoring apparatus is recommended in larger enterprises; the Changsha municipal Environmental Monitoring Department should monitors the industrial waters in WWTP periodically to ensure that they meet the standard.

Impact of PC3

Before the PC3 component, the existing annual water consumption is 12,000,000 m3 (at the existing designed capacity of 2.4 million t/a) or 3 million t/a (at the actual production capacity), including 0.8 million t/a or 0.2 million t/a of water to be replenished and recycled water from a existing in-plant wastewater treatment station with treatment capacity of 360 m3/h. The proposed PC3 component will consume a total of 734 m3/h water (including 720 m3/h for production and 14 m3/h for domestic use). Of the production water consumption, 680 m3/h of the water will be recycled (recycling rate 94.4% and 40 m3 /h will replenished. The production wastewater flow will be about 65 m3/h.

Production wastewater consists of:

* Wastewater from coal preparation process and CB process, including ground washing water, dust removal washing water and flotation processing wastewater * Wastewater from CWM process, including disqualified coal water mixture accidentally discharged, cooling water, filter water, ground and equipment washing water, leakages in the production process. Collection and storing tanks are installed in the production workshops to reuse the head coal and coal sludge or pumped into the existing wastewater treatment station, consisting of screening, primary and secondary sedimentation tanks, rotational flow reactor, sloping plank settling tank and sand filter) with pollutant removal rate of SS 99.58%, COD 98.07 %. Therefore, there is no discharge of production wastewater into environment.

The domestic sewage of about 14m3/h from the workshop is collected by the sewers in the plant and treated by the septic tank before discharging into environment, and therefore has little impact on environment. There are two 6.5t/h boilers to be newly installed (including a spare boiler), the dust catchers are of water films, and dusty wastewater is to be fully reused.

Surface runoff in the factory would be polluted and contain some pollutants, particularly suspended solids because the storing yards for coal sludge form wastewater treatment station and coal refuse are open and easy to be eroded by runoff. It is estimated that maximum runoff flow is about 2500 m3/h. Before its discharging into receiving water body (Baishi Gang), the HZCCC has built a 40xlOx4m 3 sedimentation tank where the wastewater is collected and treated by sedimentation.

Impact of PC6

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 5-42 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

HEPRI made an investigation on pollutant sources that may have an impact upon this project. The results indicate that the main polluter in this area is Hunan Nantian (Pesticide) Corp (COD: 311.5T/A; Exhaust Gases: 21,808,100 m3/a). For in recent years. the wastewater and odours are well controlled in it and it locates at leeward area of this project, it has little impact on this project (PC6).

As discussed in section 5.6.4. the Zhaoshan scenic area will generate about 85,000-150,000 m3 /year of domestic wastewater. A design of ecological latrines is recommended by HEPRI to dispose nightsoil produced by tourists. HEPB, in its approval of component EIA for PC6, required that domestic sewage should be treated to meet Grade I of GB8978-96 before discharging into Xiangjiang River. A small-sized treatment system is recommended by HEPRI which is to be incorporated in the component preliminary design.

5.6.12 Solid Waste and Sludge Treatment And Disposal

Solid Waste

Table 5-36 summarises the solid waste impacts from HUDP component projects:

Table 5-36 Environmental Impact and Disposal of Solid Wastes Information Disposal Impact PCI Domestic Garbage Setup of transfer facilities Basically Impact-free Coal refuse: 100,000 t/a. Baking brick; Possible secondary PC3 Boiler Residue: 5000 t/a; Paving roads; pollution

Oil from oil-separator; Collecting and carrying away PC4 Sludge from sedimentation tank; garbage periodically Basically Impact-free Solid wastes from septic tank garbage ______Domestic garbage by tourists; 2005: 340t/a PC6 2007: 426t/a Setup of transfer facilities Basically Impact-free 2009: 506t/a 2012: 580t/a

To mitigate the potential impacts of coal refuse, a budget of 1 million RMB has been arranged to take following mitigation measures on the coal storage yard:

* A retaining wall is to be built at west and north side and earth up the wall for planting grass to prevent collapse and mitigate the impact on residential quarter. * A drainage ditch/channel is to be built at the west and north side to drain runoff into the urban sewer system.

* The entire storage yard needs to be enclosed by extending the wall and signs of environmental protection be placed on the wall. According the provisions of GB 15562.2, regular maintenance of the enclosure wall should be practiced. * The coal refuse should be watered regularly to prevent dust pollution and hypergolic. * To avoid the secondary air pollution by reusing of coal refuse, the HZCCC, the project PIU wish PPMO to extend its desire to pack the "multi-purposes utilisation of coal refuse in an environmental friendly way" as a technical assistant package. In the mean time, HZCCC has made its commitment to take some actions to avoid potential impact of coal refuse (shown in Figure 4.3) WWTP Sludge

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Sludge is mainly produced in the process of operations of the proposed PC2 WWTP. The water content of sludge after being dewatered should be below 80%. The features of the sludge are that their particles are fine, cohesion is weak, likely to be lost with water flow and decomposed to emit smell. causing secondary pollution.

According to similar projects, the output of sludge in PC2 is estimated at about 50OIt/a (the 3 dehydrated) or 33580m /a (moisture content: 80%). According to information provided by of Changsha and on-site investigations, there are no industrial pollutant sources in Changshanyuan catchment area. The wastewaters are mainly of domestic wastewater from residency, catering establishment and the wholesale markets. The main pollutants are: COD, BOD5, NH3 -N and TP, etc.

The dehydrated sludge will be landfilled in Heimifeng Landfill Site. The approximate transportation route is shown in Figure 5.3. The Heimifeng Landfill is a relatively new landfill constructed to modern sanitary landfill standards, including a leachate treatment facility. The landfill has agreed to accept this WWTP sludge. As the concentration of the heavy metal in the sludge has not been confirmed, HEPRI recommends that analyses be made after the project goes into operation to decide the disposal mode.

5.6.13 WWTP O&M Problems

Observation of centralised WWNTP in other Chinese cities would indicate that operation and maintenance (O&M) could be a problem. The design of the PC2 WWTP has taken simplicity of operation into account but mitigation monitoring will need to insure that the wastewater company does not try to save operational costs by cutting back on power consumption for aeration, sludge digestion and processing, etc. The operation of the WWTP should have incentives based on WWTP performance rather than minimising the cost of operations, so that management is keyed to ensuring proper WWTP performance.

In accordance with World Bank practice, detailed financial projections have been prepared for the proposed wastewater company being established under this project to operate the planned sewerage and WVWTP. These projections take into account the need for the new wastewater company to be financially sustainable for the foreseeable future. Thus sources of income, including tariffs charged to users, have been assessed to ensure that they will be sufficient to cover operation and maintenance expenses and planned expansion of facilities in the future. The tariff has also been checked to ensure that they are affordable for the service population.

5.6.14 WWTP Organic Loading and Standards

There is a concern relative to the actual influent concentrations of organic pollutants at the PC2 YVWTP to either be much greater than or much less than the design parameters for the WWTP. The influent domestic sewage at the PC2 WWTP will still be combined with stormwater that causes lower concentrations of organic pollutants, and the widespread use of septic tanks upstream of sewers also contributes to these low loadings.

Relative to low-loading, the design values used for the PC2 WWTP appear reasonable when compared to the limited sewer sampling results, taking into account that the sewers are being separated over time, and septic tanks will eventually be eliminated.

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The concern over the potential for organic loading to be too high relative to design standards is indicative of problems with pre-treatment of industrial wastewater in the sewerage catchments. If such a problem occurs, the solution is for the EPB and the Wastewater Company to apply and enforce adequate industrial pre-treatment standards, not to apply unrealistic design standards on the PC2 WWTP.

5.6.15 Summary of Potential Operational Phase Impacts

These potential operation phase impacts are relatively minor and easily mitigated. Details of mitigation measures, monitoring program and responsibilities are given in Chapter 7.

5.7 Potential Project Risks

Potential financial and institutional risks associated with the project have been identified as follows:

* Devaluation of the RMB * Improper project implementation arrangements * Delay in setting up of the companies * Slow implementation of the project through lengthy procedures * Local financing shortfalls and delays In addition, other potential risks could include:

* Operation and management shortcomings within the new companies. * Less than expected revenues, for a variety of reasons, including slow or delayed payments and ineffective billing and collection.

The principal risk amongst those identified is the potential for either a shortfall or delay in the provision of local funding associated with each sub-component. In particular the intemal cash generation is dependent on the implementation of an efficient, effective billing and collection system in each company. Collection efficiency is one of the key parameters affecting the outcome of the company levels analysis for components PC2 Changsha Municipal Drainage Company and PC6 Zhaoshan Scenic Area Tourist Company.

The analyses of risks are the assessment of possible future hazard and its corresponding impact or losses. In a general way, the after-effect of construction of projects includes two aspects of impact: the deterministic impact and the indeterministic impact. The former is carried out by EIA work, the latter is by assessment of risks.

The assessment of risks also includes two categories: the environmental risk and ecological risk. The former places more emphasis on analyses of non-deterministic accidents, the latter assesses the ecological destruction. Since the existence of the risks is non-deterministic, the analyses of risks cannot decide the character and intensity but for possibility and probability of the accident as well as intensity of the consequence, and under such rules, to establish prevention and control measures.

The analysis of risks was made by HEPRI for PCI, PC2, PC4 and PC6.

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5.7.1 Risks of PC1 Corridor Component Geology and Soils, PotentialErosion or Landslide

There are some sub-sections of poor geological structure along the flood embankment and scenic road. In the construction period, from both man-made and natural factors, geological calamity might take place, such as dilapidation and landslide caused by blasting or construction of intensity under rainstorms. Therefore, relevant prevention measures are important:

* Investigation of geological structure to provide designing basis; * Construction of retaining wall in erodible sections; * Installation of barrel-drains to reduce the scouring of the basal slope; * All-around discussion of geological structure before construction of tunnels, careful plan of emergency measures; * Strict obedience to the security regulations. Flooding Risk

Accidental collapse of embankment at higher flooding event would threaten people's life and properties in the project area. Therefore, following prevention measures are important:

* Strict construction supervision is very necessary to avoid contractors' jerry-building and ensure construction quality;

* Emergency measures should be prepared to cope with flood in excess of design levels and minimize economic loss. Hazardous Material Spills on Roadway

There are a number of intakes of water supply system distributed along PCI corridor component. In the operation phase, the spills of hazardous waste from transportation vehicles and load into Xiangjiang River might threaten the safety of drinking water. Therefore, stricter rule should be worked out to restrict cargo trucks to access to the scenic road. Even if the accident occurred, local EPB should be reported to take actions to minimise the impact.

5.7.2 Risks of PC2

EngineeringRisks

After operation of PC2, the combined foul water and storm wastewater in the catchment area will be discharged together; once they are discharged untreated, the water quality of Liuyang River will be severely polluted. Therefore, careful prevention plans and emergency measures are very important for reduction of the incidence rate.

The possible risks are:

* Electrical outage by natural factors like earthquake, hurricane and damage of equipment or other factitious factors causes abnormal operation; * Substantial fluctuation of influent quality might lower treatment efficiency; * Noxious sewages result in mass dead of the microorganism and inactivate the sludge;

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* Leakage of the liquid chlorine from disinfection process might cause great damage to the environment and lives; * Possible explosion due to high pressure in sludge digestion tank. HEPRI recommended the following control measures to mitigate these risks:

* Strengthening the management and maintenance of equipment to ensure health operation of the equipment. For crucial equipment, a standby one is necessary; * Establishment of reliable monitoring and early warning system to avoid or control the accident on time; * Strengthening the inspection and maintenance of electric circuit, sewers network and lifting pumps;

* Integrated trainings of staff, including sense of responsibility, enabling the staff to be capable of coping with accidents, set up clear job-description; * Establishment of integrated information system for record of accidents to prevent it from reappearance; timely notifications to the downstream units once the accident appears; * Periodical and timely examination and installation of relative facilities; * Regularly inspect sludge digestion equipment and systems to avoid blockage and explosion. Prepare a emergency measures to prevent digestion tank explosion; * Control measures of chlorine leakage: o If there is a smell of chlorine, use the chlorine water to see if there is white fog appears by smearing it on the pipes; treat the leakage point with care; stop adding chlorine in times of need and start with repair; o For plastic and rubber materials are easily eroded by the chlorine, parts made these should be replaced periodically; o Keep the container from high temperature environment; o In time of mass leakage, put the container into the water; o For the chlorine is heavier than the air, the leaked gas will accumulate near the ground. Exhaust facilities should be installed to prevent it from accumulating.

Raw Sewage Overflows During Storms

HEPRI is consulting with the local EPB and making recommendations for appropriate waming devices or signage to protect the public from raw sewage outfall locations during storms. It is not cost effective to completely separate the sewer systems immediately, so some level of risk of exposure will remain after the project.

Raw Sewage Overflows Due To O&M Problems

The pump stations are being equipped with dual power supply sources as well as backup pumps to minimise overflows due to pumping problems. The TA and monitoring programs will help to train operating staff to handle problems and minimise the downtime of the WWTP. The mitigation- monitoring program will attempt to ensure that the facilities are operated as intended and no attempts are made to save on operational costs by using less power at the WVWTP.

Improper Sludge Handling And Disposal

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The mitigation-monitoring program will attempt to ensure safe handling of the WWTP sludge, as the most serious potential negative environmental impact of the operation of the WWTP. In addition, periodic monitoring of the landfill should be undertaken to ensure that the sludge is not causing any unsanitary conditions or problems with the leachate control facilities.

After being dewatered in WWTP, the sludge shall be stored in rainproof and leakage-free pile sheds, and cleared and transported timely. In transportation, well-closed trucks shall be employed to prevent smell from emitting, and the sludge from being lost and scattering in the circumstances.

Heavy metal compositions in the sludge shall be monitored regularly. In terms of harmless sludge identified (in conformity with the National Pollutants Control Standard for Sludge for Agricultural Use), priority eventually shall be given to sludge disposal to farmland or use for landscaping. Until the safety and stability of the sludge is assured, the sludge will be sent to the landfill for orderly, hygienic landfilling, evenly mixed with solid wastes, to finally accomplish the accommodation of solid wastes without any harmful effects.

The dehydrated sludge will landfilled in Heimifeng Landfill Site. The Heimifeng Landfill is a relatively new landfill constructed to modem landfill standards, including a leachate treatment facility. The landfill has agreed to accept this WWTP sludge. As the concentration of the heavy metal in the sludge has not been confirmed, HEPRI recommends that analyses be made after the project goes into operation to decide the disposal mode.

WWTP Accidents

To prevent the poisonous gas like H2 S, the measure lies in strengthening management. The managing staff of the WWTP should strengthen operation management, keep the plant run regularly. So this hazard is reduced as much as possible. The measures are:

* Construct benching/platforms in manholes so that workers can stand safely during access. Educate the operating staff.

* Arrange trained people to check H2S on the spot, first -aid trucks wait at the access point during maintenance.

* Wear gas-proof mask. Ring the alarm bell if the workers don't feel well. * Important checks use GF2 launching Equipment.

* Check the gas in the sewers at regular time intervals. Study the protection technology and wastewater system repairs. Lack of IndustrialPre-Treatment

When the industry wastewater contains poisonous matters, heavy metal acid and alkali discharges over the standard, wastewater quality exceeds the allowable concentration. And it will restrain micro- organism activity, even lead to WWTP failure. Concrete measures are:

* WWTP and related enterprises should sign a contract on pollutants discharging and strengthen check and control managing, check the intake water quality at fixed time. Once the problem is found out, the responsibility should be investigated and the problem should be solved . According to the checking result, the running way or parameter can be adjusted to guarantee discharging reaching a set standard.

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* Strengthen training. Working staff should go to work with certificate. WWTPs system of personal responsibility and running system should be carried out. Different people have different responsibilities. In order to guarantee the various treatment units run regularly, strict management is necessary.

To prevent occurrences of such accidents, it is critical to strengthen management of industrial pollution sources. Main measures are below:

* The EPB shall, in accordance with the Water Pollution Control Law of PRC, establish and perfect wastewater-discharge-permits management systems, and strictly conform with the requirements of the national discharge standard and the total amount control as well in controlling and supervising pre-treatment and normal discharge of industrial enterprises. Control should be focused on chemical, pharmacy, dyestuff enterprises. * Reliable monitoring systems shall be established in the EPB and enterprises, including on- line monitoring systems (display terminals are set respectively in WWTP and EPB) set up at the outlets of major enterprises with a capacity of wastewater discharge of over 1,000 m3/d to monitor discharge flows and the indicator of CODcr (if necessary, pH value, etc. can be added); in WWTP, on-line monitoring and warning systems shall be set up, too. When any abnormal information feedback is found, operational parameters shall be adjusted promptly. In addition, request the environment management agency to carry out field inspection, to well prevent abnormal wastewater from being discharged by WWTP.

5.7.3 Risks of PC3

No risks are expected by HEPRI for PC3 component.

5.7.4 Risks of PC4

According to data of similar projects, the risks of PC4 in the operating period are mainly from storage and transportation of hazardous materials, especially of the radioactive substance.

In order to reduce the above risks, equipment of a radiation monitoring apparatus is recommended. All the logistic goods should be stored categorically; when these materials are leaked out, instant notifications should be made to the local environmental administrations.

5.7.5 Risks of PC6

The risks of PC6 include risks in construction period and operating period. The risks in construction period exist in every construction process, such as building of road, which might bring disadvantageous consequences to the constructors, local residents, vegetations and the eco-system. The construction of roads, especially roads within the scenic area, might have great impact upon the local social, economic and environmental settings. For example, the project techniques and physical features of the scenic area might cause risks due to the following aspects:

* Construction quality - ill considered plans and designs, incapability of devices, improper management and disqualified staff might result in bad construction quality.

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* Transfer of materials and selection of transfer route - there are large quantities of construction materials to be transferred during the construction period. Normally. the transfer mode is mainly of artificial portage. In order to save money and time, the construction unit may ignore the environment impact. Meanwhile, in need of a temporary passage, they destroy the vegetation at will. This phenomenon might cause risks of variations of biodiversity and vegetation structure. Many of the plants on the hillsides could be cleared. This greatly increases the possibilities and amount of soil erosion and landslide. * Landslide - in the process of construction, operation with intensity or in sensitive points might evoke landslide, even in large scale in stormy weathers. * Fire hazard - smoking, and usage of the constructing tools such as electric welders and diesel engines might cause forest fire, especially in the dry, hot seasons. Therefore, strict prevention measures and integrated training are needed for prevention and control of fire.

The risks in operating period come from: running of equipment, management of structure, tourists' activities and infrastructure facilities, etc. They include effluent pollutant impact upon the eco- environment from tourists' activities and service facilities such as:

* Management of tourist facilities - the operations of tourist facilities rely on its performance. Without periodical examination, well-trained staff and rational usage, for example, excessive working in the peak hours, the normal operation might be affected in the future. * Tourists' activities - the construction of PC6 provides better entertaining conditions to the tourists while create the risks of destroying the eco-environment. Tourists may break into the core scenic area. According to the project design, the tourists have their appointed touring route. If some tourists disregard the regulations and wander, or break, into the core area, they might damage the propagations.

* Overabundance of tourists - the restoration of Zhaoshan scenic area will attract more tourists for entertainment, exploration and recuperation. The possible overabundance of tourists in the peak hours might bring ecological damages. This damages come from their improper behaviours to propagations, domestic sewages and garbage pollutions to the area environment.

* Fire hazard - in Zhaoshan Scenic Area, for the high percentage of coverage and low- intensity human activities, the combustible accumulated for years is easy to cause forest fire; meanwhile, the construction of road make it convenient for tourists' access to this fire- sensitive area.

* Damages by disease and insects - the newly constructed infrastructure facilities and added touring activities destroy some natural settings. It threatens the life of the species and by breaking the inherent food chains to cause the breakout of damages by disease and insects; on the other hand, the tourists might bring some exotic species into the scenic area. * White pollutions - the white pollution refers to the pollutions from plastic wastes. The plastic bags over the ground are a universal phenomenon in the scenic areas. Except infections to the eyes, it is noxious to the animals, which tend to eat them up.

HEPRI recommends the following measures to counteract these potential operational risks'at PC4:

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* Avoid poor geographical conditions and put forward requirement for management of construction quality early in the designing period to pave the way for future constructions; * Stricter qualification should be specified in the bidding document to select qualified contractor to ensure the construction quality; * Establish strict fireproofing system to prevent fire hazards; * Strengthen the tourism management in the operating period to ensure smooth operations of facilities and safety of tourists.

5.7.6 Summary of Project Risks

The potential financial and technical risks, in the construction and operation phases, have been outlined and potential mitigation measures identified. There are no extreme risks identified. Details of mitigation measures, monitoring program and responsibilities are given in Chapter 7.

5.8 Secondary and Cumulative HUDP Impacts

Secondary Impacts

Provision of the infrastructure outlined in the HUDP project may contribute to existing and future urban problems in the CZT cities. The growth of the economies and the cities is causing a wide variety of environmental problems, and further growth could exacerbate these problems. A detailed evaluation of these secondary impacts was beyond the scope of this EA but two areas are particularly relevant:

* The urbanised sections of the PC1 scenic road are being planned for expanded urban development. This could be considered as expanding the existing urban growth boundaries, and the need for additional environmental infrastructure (sewerage, sewage treatment, roads, etc.) In addition, new industrial development is apparently being connected to this scenic road project, although this seems to conflict with the scenic and tourism aspects of the project. This industrial development will need to be controlled to avoid previous industrial pollution problems along the corridor, as outlined in other sections. * The PC2 sewerage and WWTP are being constructed in an area experiencing extremely fast urbanisation and development. This can be seen in the proposed population and wastewater generation figures. As such, the PC2 project can either be seen as dealing with an existing deficit of wastewater management, or accelerating the demand for additional wastewater management services. Shaoyaogang PCI Section

The southern end of the PCI Xiangtan section connects to a local project called Shaoyaogang. The World Bank recently decided that this locally-funded project was an integral part of this section due to making a closure for floodplain protection, as well as connecting the scenic road. The component EA and HEPRI HUDP EA were both completed prior to this decision being made. At this point, this area is to be added to the HUDP PC1 corridor component, but still be built with local funds.

The Water Resources Bureau (WRB) prepared an FSR for this local project in 1996, and it was agreed that this EA would include the environmental and social information contained in this FSR. The WRB FSR anticipated widening of the Xiangjiang River in this area, as well as the flood protection, since

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this is a remaining pinch-point in the river for navigation. The following is a summary of this WRB FSR information.

Existing environment, WRB

The sub-section of Xiangjian River in Xiangtan section starts from Shi-Zhuinao to Shaoyaogang. This sub-section is 1600m long, 530m wide in average with minimum width of 380m. At its left bank, lies a shipside architectural complex. The embankment bends along its right-hand bank. The left bank is to be widened under the proposed project.

Administratively, the proposed area locates in three residential committees (Banzichang Committee in Dongping town, Hengjie Committee and Taipingjie Committee) in Yuetang Urban District. The area has two wastewater discharging sluices including Gongnong sluice that discharge about 52.39 million tons/annum of industrial wastewater (such as: steel rolling wastewater from Xianggang Smelter) containing such major pollutants as COD, CN, etc., and Ailou sluice that discharge urban domestic sewage. Water quality in the sub-section, according to water quality monitoring data provided by local EPB, is Grade III of Chinese National environmental standard for surface water (GB 3838- 2002).

Positive Impact, WRB

The WRB listed the following positive impacts for this proposed project:

* The recommended project proposes to widen the narrowest place (where the outfall of Xianggang smelter is located) by additional 130m and deep excavate the river course by 6m to facilitate flood discharge so that the water level at it upper stream lowered by 0.2m at flood level of 1/100 year. In the mean time, the project would reduce the backwater coverage at bending embankment during flood season and avoid turbulence of river water current.

* The project would straighten the riverbank; reduce resistance of the riverbank to water flow and increase velocity of the river water. It is benefit to the degradation of pollutants and the improvement of river water quality.

* The project will facilitate the flood discharge and reduce flood water level and therefore, enhance flood protection level at its upper stream. The people at its upper reaches will enjoy an improved safe production and living environment and keep social stability and sustainable development.

* The straightened river embankment will create more beautiful riverfront landscape and urban environment. Negative Impact, WRB

The WRB listed the following negative impacts for this proposed project:

* The implementation of the project will occupy about 352.78 mu of land resources, which will further intensify the stress on urban land use. The project will demolish a total of 2 67765.57 m of buildings and resettle 2146 persons. The affected persons would have been suffered if resettlement were not programmed properly.

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* During the construction, oil spills from mechanical equipment would pollute water quality of Xiangjiang River. Re-suspension of sediment during dredging may pollute part of the water area. However these impacts will be eliminated after the project construction. * The intakes of Xiangtan WTPs are located at upper stream; therefore, water supply of Xiangtan City will not be impacted. The construction site will be along the riverbank, where the space is wider; the waste gases emitted by mechanical equipment are easier to diffuse. The impact of the project on air quality is limited. * The road built on the original embankment along sub-section from Wanfu Temple to Jiangbei embankment management office will be cut off during construction due to abolishment of the embankment, which will cause inconvenience to local residents. * The excavation to widen the river course and building the a new embankment will strip part of the top soil and destroy vegetation, which will cause soil erosion during the construction. WRB Conclusion

River widening in this sub-section is a river training works to control flood, the construction of this project benefits to the flood discharge and improve flood control level at its upper stream. It generates significant social, economic and environmental benefits. Compared with its great positive impact, the project adverse impact is relatively small, which could be mitigated.

ProposedMitigation Measures, WRB

The WRB listed the following proposed mitigation measures for this proposed project:

* The construction of the project will occupy part of land resource, demolish some buildings & properties, some persons will have to be resettled. These activities are in the urban area with dense population and buildings. To address the social impact, a resettlement action plan (RAP) need to be developed separately to set up a rational compensation rate to the project affected persons. A RAP implementation-leading group is proposed to organize the demolishment and resettlement orderly by following the RAP. * The construction management is to be strengthened to advocate civilized construction. Sedimentation tanks will be designed at structures crossing the embankment during construction. Oils spilled from the mechanical equipment have to be treated. The hauling trucks will be provided with linoleum of plastic films to avoid spoils. Along the hauling road, full-time works will be assigned to clean, to water and to maintain the road. Drainage ditch will be opened to drain storm water and prevent soil erosion. Epidemic prevention system and sanitary facilities are to be established. * Before abolishing the original embankment on which the road are built, a traffic management programme should be worked out to direct vehicles to the other roads. Roller compaction method is recommended for the construction of the new embankment that should be scheduled quickly to take early traffic function and mitigate the impact on traffic. * During the construction, attention should be paid to control erosion. The soil should be protected by rubble with binding material when the soil is uncovered. The slope of the new embankment should be covered by grass. The construction site should be cleared and covered with vegetation to prevent erosion.

Local Projects Connected to HUDPProject

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Figure 2.2 showed a diagram of the CZT project area with a number of "linked local projects" that are being built with local funding, but having a direct effect on the HUDP component projects. Most of these projects affect the PCI corridor project. The HUDP EA has not analysed these projects in any detail, but the HUDP RAP has provided a framework for dealing with relocation according to national laws and regulations. These projects also have some direct cumulative impact with the HUDP project, especially in the area of relocation. Table 5-37 provides a listing of these projects:

Table 5-37 List of Potential Linked Local Projects

Map Description Ident.

A: North Changsha Dam construction project: lower reach of Changsha, needs to upgrade the water level for dry season, particularly for navigation and water supply.

B: Scenic Project North of Houzhishi Bridge: Just North of starting point of Changsha section of PCI.

C: Rail way decommissioning: parallel to PCI Changsha section closed to starting point.

D: Urban Road Construction / repairing: Both for Xiangtan and Zhuzhou, The total ingress and egress roads for PCI accounted to be 79 places. Some locations will be particularly linked.

E: Widening for National Highway 107 Zhaoshan Section: connected to PCI scenic road in Zhaoshan.

F: Increase the level for National Highway 107 Flood Control in Zhaoshan Section:

G: A Bridge Rebuilt for Crossover the Side Stream along National Parallel to Highway 107 in Zhaoshan section of PC 1.

H: Xiangtan No4 Bridge: It was HUDP component PC5.

1: Scenic and Greening Construction in Xiangtan Section Local Invested:

J: Xiangtan City Urban Development: and/or urban rehabilitation.

K: Scenic Area of Yangtian Lake Project: located in south of Zhaoshan, within Great Zhaoshan Area, coinected to PC 1 scenic road as well.

L: Xiangjiang River Widening Project in South Xiangtan.

M: Road Construction Project in Zhuzhou Starting Point: New road connected to Xiangyun Road.

N: Public Space Construction in Zhuzhou No.1 Bridge: New construction for a public square, access roads, etc.

0: Zhuzhou High-Tech Park: PC I Zhuzhou section connected with this area in West bank of the Xiangjiang River.

P: China Inland Waterway Project Zhuzhou Complex: On-going WB project, Dam, hydro power, etc.

Q: Zhuzhou City Urban Development close to PC3 Clean Coal and PC4 Logistic Centre: and/or urban

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Map Description Ident.

rehabilitation, particular local road connected to PC3 Clean Coal and PC4 Logistic Centre.

R: Flooding Control Embankment Construction: closed to WWTP of PC2 in Liuyang River.

S: Changsha City Urban Development Construction in Changshanyuan Area: Same place of service area (WW collection pipeline network) of PC2.

Waterways 111 Project

The World Bank funded Waterways II hydroelectric dam is currently being constructed on the Xiangjiang mainstream, upstream of Zhuzhou, and immediately upstream of the HUDP project. However, this new reservoir appears to have minimal flood protection capacity built into the planning. As such, the impact to the PCI flood protection levels should be minimal.

This project has dredged the Xiangjiang River adjacent to some sections of the PC1 corridor project, and the condition of this dredged material and the disposal location should be verified to ensure that the PCI project does not impact the disposal sites.

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Figure 5.1 Locationd of the Major Flood-Relief Channels

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Figure 5.1 Location of Major Flood-Relief Channels

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/03/B/February 2004 I Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

9.4.5 PC6 Zhaoshan Scenic Area Component

The objectives of the scenic area improvement works are to increase the recreational amenities of the surrounding population. In the longer term, the scenic area may be connected to a neighbouring much larger area of hilly country and become a centre for hiking and other outdoor pursuits. The economic analysis grouped benefits into two parts: (a) benefits relating to the use of the scenic area for recreational and cultural purposes; and (b) wider social and environmental benefits associated with the reinstatement of the cultural facilities and artefacts. The FSR provides a description of the wider social and environmental benefits of the proposals. It stressed the long-term development potential for tourism and recreation development, and the income generating benefits that it will bring to the area. There are wider cultural benefits from conservation of the heritage. However, these are difficult benefits to quantify.

9.4.6 Additional Potential Benefits

The HUDP positive benefits listed in the previous sections will be great assets to the cities affected and to Hunan Province in general. One of the over-riding goals of the HUDP project was promoting integrated planning of the CZT cities, to foster sustainable economic and environmental planning in the future. The HUDP is likely the beginning of an international investment program in the CZT cities, and the integrated planning will foster cost-effective and environmentally sound decisions on additional infrastructure construction in the future. The PCI flood control embankment and scenic road, in particular, will link the three cities interests in a way that has never occurred in the past. Future phases of the HUDP or other intemational investment schemes will benefit from the CZT EIO planning structure and optimal regional solutions can be developed for maximum economic and environmental benefit. Implementation of the HUDP components is likely to result in other potential additional benefits, including: * Reduced risk of groundwater contamination in the service areas. * The impact of making realistic charges for wastewater services should help to encourage waste minimisation at source, and intemalise the costs of pollution control. * Amenity benefits to the population of project cities are likely to accrue as the quality of the adjacent rivers improve. This could include use of the river for recreational purposes and the development of riverside walks and parks for public use.

9.5 Potential Construction Phase Negative Impacts and Mitigations

9.5.1 Resettlement Action Plan (RAP)

The project components involving land acquisition and resettlement (LAR) include: * PC1 Corridor Component (Changsha, Zhuzhou, Xiangtan and Zhaoshan sections); * PC2 Changsha Wastewater Component; * PC4 CZT Logistics Centre Component; and * PC6 Zhaoshan Scenic Area Component. According to the measurement surveys, the HUDP will affect a total of 8,253 persons. The residential house demolition will affect 7,107 persons in 2,128 households, and 1,146 persons in 134 enterprises and business units. Of the total project affected people (PAPs) of the Project, 2,034 households or

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 9-5 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

6,995 persons will be relocated, and 4,197 persons will need the production rehabilitation. About 513,108 m2 of residential and non-residential houses will be demolished; of which 368,914 m2 are residential houses and 144,175 m2 are non-residential houses.

A total of 8.862 mu of land will be affected, including 5,575 mu of land to be acquired permanently and 3,287 mu of land to be occupied temporarily. Other assets to be acquired by the Project will include: auxiliaries, household utilities, trees, tombs, basic infrastructure and special facilities. Table 5-38 provides a summary of the relocations required. (end of chapter 5)

The affected areas are located right along the Xiangjiang River, most of which are often threatened or harmed by flood. This phenomenon has limited local economic development. PCI offers an opportunity of reconstructing the production and social system for the resettled. After this project, the flood prevention ability of the rivershore will be greatly elevated, a better environment will be ensured for people's lives and properties are protected; the agriculture production will be further facilitated as crop product are protected and the circulation will be faster. In addition, by adjustment of agricultural structure, reformation of irrigation works and careful resettlement plan in which the resettlement destination is to be selected in area with good natural, communication and social conditions, as well as support from policies, technologies and finance, the avoidance of losses of the resettled is possible.

The resettlement destination will be as near as possible to the original residency, as long as no conflict with the urban development exists. As to the compensation fees, a contract is recommended, and the fees should be directly put out to the resettled once for all, with no go-betweens involved. According to the actual status of the affected areas and inclinations of the resettled, the project clients plan to carry out the resettlement tasks by compensation of property losses and transposition of property right. Resettlement agreement will be signed between the executive department and the resettled that can select the desired scheme and destination of resettlement to ensure their post-resettlement life quality.

The RAP also provides a framework for local authorities to follow relative to resettlement involved in the linked local projects in the HUDP study area.

9.5.2 Quarry/Spoil

In the feasibility study, the field survey suggested that there is a number of existing quarry sites, large and medium sized, available in the project area with proven reserves of more than 32 million m3 that would be used to construct the flood embankments and scenic roadway. These quarries were said to be of various sizes and having good quality materials to meet the construction needs. The quarries are said to be well distributed and convenient for transport with hauling distances of about 10-20 km to the construction sites.

To take soil from the borrow pits, vegetation and top soil will be stripped, which will result in increased soil erosion. Mitigation measures covering 10 borrow pits (area of 318,548 m3 ) include:

* Open stormwater drainage ditches (60cm wide at bed, 60 deep, with slope 1: 1); * Install sedimentation ponds in every 150 long of drainage ditch (each include two 2m x2mxl sedimentation wells);

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 9-6 DRAFr 03/B/Februty 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Figure 5.2 Plane Layout of WWTP and Landuse of its Surrounding

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Consolidated Environmental Ass~essment 5-59 DRAFT 03/BF ebruar 2004 i

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Table 5-38 Summary of LAR Impacts for the HUIDP

2 No. OF PAPs HouSE/BUILDING DEMOLITION (M) LAND AcQuIsITION/OCCUPATION (MlU) RELOCATED/REHABILITATED PAPS NAME OF No. PROJECT RESIDENTIAL ENTERPRISES PERMANENi TEMPORARI RELOCATED (NO) COMPONENT Total H TOTAL RESIDENTIA Non- TOTAL LAND LAND PEIU. ( _ H~~~~~~~-HPOPU. HH POPU RESIDENTIAL 1111II!OCUAIOl POPU. (NO) ______~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~AcQuISITIOPOCCUP'ATIOt CORRIDOR PCI COMPONENT 7,097 1,892 6,379 124 718 423,314.0 318,451.0 104,862.0 7,615.0 4,575.00 3,040.00 1,806 6,290 3,572

I) CHANGSHA 2,138 502 1,902 55 236 142,315.0 94,865.6 47,449.5 3,192.0 2,094.60 1,097.60 502 1.902 2,029

2) ZHAOSHAN 851 192 803 12 48 37,258.85 33,594.5 3,664.0 886.1 475.61 410.47 182 760 255

3) XIANGTAN 1,378 350 1,153 31 225 63,738.3 45,827.8 17,910.5 7,43.6 715.26 28.32 341 1.107 497

4) ZHUZHOU 2,730 848 2,521 26 209 180,002.0 144,163.0 35,838.5 2,793.0 1,289.40 1,503 80 781 2,521 791 CHANGSHA PC2 WASTEWATER 186 41 186 0 0 38,252.0 19,576.0 18,676.0 409.2 162.45 246.80 41 186 246 CZT LOGISTICS PC4 CENTRE 837 148 409 8 428 37,243.0 25,779.3 11,463.8 528.3 528.26 0.00 145 398 238 ZHAOSHAN PC6 SCENIC AREA 133 47 133 2 0 14,281.0 5,108.0 9,173.0 309.9 309.90 0.00 42 121 141

TOTAL 8,253 2,128 7,107 134 1,146 513,108.0 368,914 144,175 8,862 5,575A 3,287 2,034 6,995 4,197

CHANGSHA CITY 2,324 543 2,088 55 236 180,567.0 114,442.0 66,125.5 3,601.0 2,257.00 1,344.48 543 2,088 2,275

BY ZHUZHOUCITY 3,567 996 2,930 34 637 217,245.0 169,942.0 47,302.3 3,321.0 1,817.70 1,503.80 926 2,919 1,029 CITY XIANGTAN CITY 2,362 589 2,089 45 273 115,278.0 84,530.3 30,747.5 1,940.0 1,500.80 438.79 565 1,988 893

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 5-60 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 i

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6 Analysis of Alternatives to the Proposed Project

6.1 Introduction

In the preparation of Feasibility Studies and Preliminary Designs for Appraisal a number of options have been considered before finalisation of the details of each component. Some of the alternatives evaluated have environmental implications, for example the selection of a sludge disposal scheme. Other alternatives cover alternative engineering solutions. Many of these latter evaluations have raised no environmental issues but some do, for example the selection of the type of wastewater treatment process to be adopted. However, the EA reviews technical evaluations relative to verification of cost effective solutions, regardless of whether significant environmental issues are involved. The EA evaluates the HUDP project components, with and without the project scenarios. However, the analyses of more regional aspects of these components and whether optimal solutions have been proposed on a regional or basinwide basis is considered beyond the scope of this EA, and left to more regional or sectoral EA analysis. The over-riding goal of the HUDP project was the fostering of CZT integration and cooperation, to allow for more regional and optimal planning of future projects in the CZT planning area.

6.2 PC1 Flood Embankment and Roadway Options

6.2.1 No Project Options

In this section, comparative analysis was made between existing project design and the likely outcome if this project does not proceed. Table 6-1 describes how the construction of this project affects the surrounding environment: Table 6-1 Comparative Description between PC1 Construction and No Project

Impact Upon PC1 No Project Regional Economy Positive impact to develop the CZT economy None

Flood Prevention Positive impact to improve flood prevention ability Risk of flooding higher than for .__ _ _the proposed project Landscape Positive impact of improvement, beautification, None protection and development Communications Positive impact to Polish up the road surface Poor road surface to negatively influence communications and life of vehicles Peoples Life May be disadvantageous to the resettled, but good to None most of the people

Vegetation May cause soil erosion None

Water Body Domestic sewage increases in the construction None period

Atmosphere Enhanced road surface to help reduce flying dusts None

Acoustic Positive: enhanced road surface to help reduce noise None Environment from vehicles; Adverse: noise from the constructing machine.

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 6-1 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

HEPRI concluded that the adverse impact mainly comes from the construction period and by careful planning and construction management, can be reduced, or even avoided.

6.2.2 Flood Embankment Options

Design Principles Closure Of ProtectedAreas

In order for the flood control project to provide effective protection at the adopted standards, the embankments must close at both ends with either natural ground or with other infrastructure that has an equal or greater standard of flood protection. For this purpose closing embankments will be constructed where required. The closing embankments will need to serve as flood protection embankments and be designed to the same standard. Embankment Alignment

The alignment of the raised and strengthened embankments will follow as closely as reasonably possible the alignment of the existing embankment. Most of the HUDP PCI is based on utilising this existing flood embankment infrastructure. There are certain constraints that apply. These include avoiding encroachment by new work onto the active river channel or floodplain hydraulic cross section. Minimum road curve radius will also apply and in places will cause a local deviation from the existing alignment. Embankment Raising Anid Strengthzening

The existing embankment will be raised to provide design freeboard above the water level corresponding with the river discharge occurring with the design return period. The embankments will be strengthened by providing the necessary design cross section. In addition strengthening measures will also be taken to seal zones of weakness in the body of the existing embankment against seepage. The sustainable strength of the embankment depends on maintaining the density of the compacted earthfill. In turn this will depend on prevention of drying out and risk of deep cracking. A wave wall 0.5 m in height will be provided along the top of the embankment at the preliminary stage to reduce the height of the earthwork crest and reduce the overtopping of waves under design conditions, Easeinent Width

The requirements for an easement along the toe of the embankment are described in National Standard SL171 - 96. An easement of approximately 30m is required for this project. The main purpose of the easement is to provide for safety of the embankment and access along the countryside toe for maintenance operations. Inspection during flood periods to check for areas of seepage is an important part of management operations. In addition the easement provides space for seepage control earthworks and other measures.

New buildings are prohibited within the easement. However where there are existing buildings some flexibility can be exercised according to the Standard. In the urban areas of the project it is understood that the municipalities will request exemption from the rule. In the rural areas the need for resettlement of houses within the easement will depend on whether they endanger or are endangered by the embankment. Further work is to be done to find a rational basis for deciding particular cases. Embankment Design Crest Width

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 6-2 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Where there is to be no scenic road, a minimum crest width of 8.Om is to be applied. Where there is a scenic or urban road the crest width will be determined by the road width. Side Slopes The side slopes have been selected to satisfy earthwork stability criteria. Other factors influencing the choice of side slopes are the height of wave run-up, practicalities of construction and maintenance, and costs. Freeboard Freeboard is made up in several parts: wind setup, wave run-up and safety margin. The safety margin is taken from the relevant National Standard (0.8m for 1/100 year and 0.7m for 1/50 year standard) and provides for no waves overtopping the crest. The design wave run-up height and wind setup height are calculated (assuming 5% of waves overtop the crest) and added to the safety margin. The values of wave run-up vary between 0.8m and 0.9m depending on wind fetch. The calculated wind set-up is negligible. Embankment Earthwork Stability Factors of safety have been calculated in accordance with the methods given in the relevant National Standards, using the results of the available geotechnical investigations along the existing embankments. The analyses include slip-circle analysis for worst-case conditions for the country-side and riverside slopes and seepage analysis for existing and as built conditions. Weak Points in 77Te Existing Embankments The existing embankment is reported to suffer from serious seepage problems, particularly in the Changsha sub-project. Site inspection verified that at a sample location seepage through the embankment has caused failure at the outside toe and seepage under the embankment causes piping at some distance behind the embankment. At another location, a pond was inspected where the up- welling of seepage water occurs during the flood season. Embankmlent Grout Curtain There are lengths of existing embankment that are not water tight due to poor materials and construction in the past. In these sections it is proposed to control seepage through the body of the embankment by the injection of a mud/clay suspension to form a curtain. There are also locations where there are problems of seepage through the foundations under the embankment causing piping inland from the embankment toe. There are fine sands and gravel layers underlying the silty clay alluvium immediately under the embankment. Two methods were considered for controlling seepage through the fine sand and gravel layers. The first method was to inject a cement grout curtain extending through the sands and gravels to bedrock. The second method was to place an earth blanket along the country side of the embankment with a width and thickness calculated to add weight and resistance to the upward movement of seepage water and so to cover areas prone to water-logging and to prevent piping.

The DRA have expressed concern that creating a barrier with a grout curtain through the underlying sands and gravels may interfere with natural groundwater movements in both directions and thus risk causing a build up of groundwater (under the floodplain) unable to freely flow to the river. The DRA have recommended the solution of placing of an earth blanket against the countryside toe of the embankment in preference to the grout curtain on the grounds that it contains the problem and gives time for the monitoring of groundwater conditions to be undertaken without risking the possible negative impact of the grout curtain. The placing of an earth blanket will however increase the area in which there may be a need for resettlement and buildings which need to be removed.

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 6-3 DRAFr 03/B/Februar 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Conmnission

In the FSR both methods of controlling seepage through the sands and gravels have been proposed. The grout curtain is proposed for city areas and the earth blanket is proposed for the rural areas. In this way the negative impacts on resettlement and possibly on agricultural drainage are minimised. Further studies of the areas in the Changsha area requiring foundation seepage control are underway and it is noted that some lengths of embankment proposed for earth blankets coincide with lengths proposed for grouting. Duplication must surely be unintended. However there may be a need for some overlap to ensure continuity where there is a change from one method to the other and this will need rationalisation in the FSR. Side Slope Protection

The embankment side slopes are to be protected by grass turf except where altemative shallow rooted vegetation is proposed for landscaping or where the slopes are exposed to water loading. Where the side slopes are exposed to water loading from currents and waves a hard revetment is proposed of unsealed close jointed hexagonal concrete block work laid on a gravel backing. A comparison with mortared masonry (pitching) has been made and the block work found to be significantly less costly. The proposed hexagonal block work also has the advantage of providing for pressure relief by virtue of its unsealed jointing.

The present cross section designs show a 2m wide berm on the riverside approximately 5m to 6m below embankment crest level. Below this berm, the slope is shown protected by concrete block work. Above the berm the slope is shown protected by grass turf. The berm level is indicated as normal water level and the normal water level means the mean annual maximum water level. The DRA recommended that consideration be given to providing a geotextile filter fabric between the gravel layer and the under lying soil. This would be in keeping with good international practice.. Particular care should be taken in areas where the underlying soil layers are of fine sand, such as in the southern end of the Changsha sub-project approaching Zhaoshan Mountain. Experience has shown that fine sand tends to migrate behind geotextile fabric. This can lead to distortion and possible failure of the revetment. The migration can be prevented by specifying either a special geotextile developed for the purpose or by providing a second gravel layer between the fabric and the fine sand. Drainage

The drainage channels (flood relief canals) that are included in the project are relatively major channels compared with the many minor drains serving land adjacent to the embankments. The drainage channels have a total length of 21 km and convey floodwater to the river from inland 2 catchment areas totalling 107 km . Over the years their capacity has become reduced due to siltation of the bed. There are reported to be a total of nine drainage channels, 3 in Jiefang polder, 3 in Nantuo polder, and one each in Zhaoshan, Xiangtan and Zhuzhou.

In one or more cases there are flood detention reservoirs in the drainage catchment areas. These are equipped with pumping stations discharging into the drainage channels. The number, location and details of detention reservoirs are not clear. The extent of inundation of these catchment areas during 1/50 and 1/100 year flood events is to be mapped along with the areas adjacent to the river. Sluices

Proposals and costs for modifying large sluice structures with bridge decks for increased freeboard and road width have not yet been seen. It is recommended that the sluice structures are checked for seepage and gate design under worst conditions of head difference. It is understood that standard designs of structures will be adopted where new sluices are proposed. However the upstream and downstream transitions will need to be adapted at each site. Pumpinig Stations

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 6-4 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Increases in pumping capacity are proposed to improve the standard of drainage and to replace old machinery. It is understood that standard designs will be used for the proposed pumping stations. However the upstream and downstream transitions will need to be adapted at each site.

6.2.3 Scenic Road Options

Road Design Designi Standards Major design standards to be applied were: * Technical Standard of Highway Engineering, JTJO1 1-94, * Design Specification for Highway Route, JTJ 011-94, * Urban Road Traffic and Design Specification, GB50220-95. * Specification for Design of Highway Asphalt Pavement, * Bridge and Culvert Design Specification. Horizontal Alignment

Alignment of the two-lane road is designed with Highway III standards. In Changsha section, the number of proposed horizontal curves is 86, with 8 having a curve radius less than lOOm. In Zhaoshan section, the number of proposed curves is 36, with one having a curve radius less than lOOm. In Xiangtan section, there are 34 designed curves, with 4 having a curve radius less than lOOm. In Zhuzhou section, there are 82 designed curves, with 15 having a curve radius less than lOOm. For the 4-lane road of urban section is designed with secondary urban main road class I. In Xiangtan urban section, there are 17 proposed curves, with three having a curve radius less than 500m. In Zhuzhou urban section, there are 19 proposed curves, with four having a curve radius less than 500m. The scenic road does not necessarily following a strictly applied design standard, but relates to the topography and to the condition of sub-area. Design speed, sight distance and topography are balanced to produce an alignment which optimiises the achievement of various objectives such as safety, cost, harmony with the natural contour of the land, and at the same time adequate for the design classification of the road. When the radius of a horizontal curve is equal to or less than 250m, widening will be carried out on the inner side of the curve (Highway Design Standard, 3.0.13). Superelevation on horizontal curves will be provided on horizontal curves if their radius is less than the minimum radius without superelevations. Superelevation will not exceed 8% for class III highway (Highway Design Standard 3.0.11)

Transition curves will be constructed when the radius of a horizontal curve is less than the minimum radius without superelevation listed in Standard 3.0.11. The superelevation runoff or transition zones of widened carriageways will be from the starting point of the transition curve (Highway Design Standard 3.0.14). Two-thirds of the superelevation runoff will be on the tangent and one-third within the curve. Compound curves are avoided because drivers who have adjusted to the first curve could over drive the second curve if the second curve has a smaller radius than the first. Where compound curve is necessary, the shorter radius will be at least two-thirds the longer radius when the shorter radius is 300m or less. Reversing curves when horizontal curves reverse direction the connecting tangents will be long enough to accommodate the standard superelevation runoffs.

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 6-5 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Vertical Alignment

A total of 26 vertical curves are proposed for the scenic road, the largest grade of longitudinal curve is 7.8%, and the minimum vertical curve radius is 647m. Cross Sections

Cross sections will need to be elaborated carefully to ensure the most appropriate profiles are to be made. In the report, for two-lane two-way roadbed in rural sections, there are three typical cross sections provided in drawings. The 12m wide roadbed consists of a 7m wide travelled way plus 2m wide non-motorised lane on one side, 2.25m wide sidewalk on the other side and 1.5m wide shoulders. The 10.5m wide roadbed consists of a 7m wide travelled way plus 2m wide non-motorised lane on one side, and 1.5m wide shoulders, with no sidewalk provided. The 8m wide road base consists of a 6.5m wide travelled way plus 1.5m wide shoulders, with no non-motorised lane and sidewalk provided.

For 4-lane two-way roadbed in urban sections, it is designed with 26m and 22.5m wide two types of cross sections. The 26m wide road base comprises of 15m wide travelled way plus 5m wide non- motorised lane and 6m wide sidewalk. The 22.5m wide road base comprises of 14m wide travelled way plus 5m wide non-motorised lanes and 3.5m wide sidewalk. Earth or hard shoulder width of 0.75m are provided. Road Base

The design standard requires not less than 93% relative compaction be obtained for a minimum depth of 800mm below finished grade. Berms of 2m width shall be provided for embankment higher than 5m. Berms are also serves as footpath. Paventent

The design of the pavement for the scenic road in rural sections comprises of 9cm asphalt concrete on top of 40cm cement stabilised road base. For the urban sections, it consists of 4cm anti-slip surface, 5cm asphalt concrete, lcm bituminous seal coat, together with 40cm road base on top of 15cm graded stone. It is considered that the composition of pavement is acceptable and in line with the Asphalt Pavement Design Specification.

Rates of roadway crowns shall be selected on the basis of pavement types and local physical conditions. Rate of roadway crown for asphalt concrete is 1%-2%. Cross fall of earth shoulders shall normally be 1 or 2% larger than those of the pavement. Access Junctions

A summary table of access and egress connections to the scenic road has been provided and reviewed by the DRA. Major accesses have been maintained in the Changsha section, but with no access road from chainage ZZ K13+614-ZZ K19+433 in Zhuzhou section. Consideration must be given to maintain the local access and existing behaviour. A summary table is being prepared with details of each planned/existing access road: * The name and location (in terms of drainage) of the access road; * Description of how the access road connects to the large highway network; * Existing (or planned if the connection is not yet present) standard and quality of the road; and

* Plans for construction/upgrading including a tentative time-line and source of financing.

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 6-6 DRAFr 03/13/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

However, in areas with crisscross village roads, which affect traffic safety due to excessive density of minor crossings, it is appropriate to combine several small crossings into a major crossing based on further investigations for existing access together with their relations with local roads. At-grade intersections shall be laid out at locations providing an adequate sight distances, and village roads being crossed shall be provided with level sections in addition to pavements identical with those required for the scenic road. Consideration should be given to discourage high-speed commuter or freight traffic access to the scenic road. And the prediction of the likely agricultural traffic will need to be considered. Lay-b)' Details

The lay-by detail design criteria is still under development. Drawings only in Changsha section show a few locations of lay-bys. Based on the preliminary lay-by summary table, there are three parking areas in Changsha section, one in Zhaoshan section, one in Xiangtan section, and three in Zhuzhou section. Emergency lay-bys and bus bays are basically set up in 2-3km intervals. The lay-by system will be designed where they are in public interest. DRA suggest that the designers do further works for bus stops and supporting data, such as the population density and behaviour of local communities which would help to justify their request, and loading bays shall be constructed in response of landscape design. In addition, provision of parking bays at the existing wider sections of the dyke is recommended. However, provision of parking bay next to a junction is not advisable. Parking bays are required in areas in close proximity to bus terminals, ferries, especially for tourism areas. Necessary turning facilities shall be provided wherever applicable. Designers should consider where parking zones have been established adjacent to driveways, but no reasonably close ramp access to the sidewalk exists. Road Drainage

The details of the road drainage system are still being prepared, and will be more developed during the preliminary design phase. The following sections provide some guidance for the preparation of the plans for road drainage. Roadway drainage involves the collection, removal, and disposal of surface water runoff from the travelled way, shoulders and adjoining roadside areas. Good roadway drainage design involves the hydraulic design fundamentals necessary for properly sizing and locating standard road drainage features such as asphalt dikes and gutters, concrete curbs and gutters, overside drains, drop inlets, storm drains. In addition, the geometric cross section of the roadway affects drainage features and hydraulic considerations. In the excavated sections, surface water is collected through mortar chip- stone side ditches or gutters. In urban sections, surface water is directed into sewage network system. Cross drainage is accomplished by providing either a culvert or a bridge to convey the flow from one side of the roadway to the other side or past some other type of flow obstruction. They are of great importance to adequate drainage and the integrity of the road facility. Careful attention shall be given to the hydraulic design of each culvert.

Particular consideration shall be given to subsurface drainage systems, which designed to rapidly remove and prevent water from reaching or affecting the roadbed. The basis for design will generally be the geotechnical design report. This report will include findings on subsurface conditions and recommendations for design. In addition to the hydrologic analyses, the final design should incorporate measures for water quality protection of the adjacent Xiangjiang River, both for normal runoff control, as well as spillage of fuels and hazardous materials.

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 6-7 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Sidewalks

From the plan drawings of Changsha section, a 1.2km footpath in Nantuo polder is proposed on the existing sub-dyke to subsidise the scenic road on the bund. It will be correlated with the landscape design, and pedestrian flow shall be examined carefully. A road width of 8m is not enough to accommodate sidewalk. Sidewalks can be part of the original project or added later when the surrounding area develops.

The FSR states that on the dyke higher than 5m, a berm shall be built in the middle of-the slope. However, this is not clearly stated. The drawings of cross sections show that berms have been utilised as sidewalks or footpaths in some sections, but no detailed information or locations has been given. As the scenic road in urban sections, pedestrian activity is present, or expected to be present within the reasonable future; the assessment of these needs will be performed in the design of the width of sidewalks and pedestrian facilities. Roadside Facilities

In order to ensure driving and pedestrian safety, efficient traffic safety facilities will be provided for the scenic road in accordance with codes and regulations. Suitable types of railings or guard posts will be installed on high embankments and bridge approaches, as well as sections with ultimate minimum radii, abrupt slopes and steep grades. Road lights will be installed on important road sections, or sections with excessively heavy traffic, while spotlights may be adopted at intersections and pedestrian crossings wherever applicable.

Other traffic safety devices such as warning signs, mirrors shall be provided for at concealed sharp turns and crossings. Traffic control facilities such as traffic signs, pavement markings, profile markers, as well as monitoring facilities shall be furnished along the scenic road. Bridges & Culverts

The design indicates, as for the scenic road without dyke, culverts are proposed in 300-500m intervals to discharge surface water and side ditches. It shall be considered that existing culverts will be upgraded or modified to form the new culverts. If this is the case, the conditions of the existing structures will need to be assessed.

Landscaping

Landscaping works need to take into account the need to preserve the strength of the embankment for flood control purposes. Both hard revetment and suitable vegetation should assist in preventing the earthwork drying out and cracking. Ideally the vegetation cover should therefore be shallow rooted and not too shaded by tree canopy. A dense turf of locally indigenous grasses is therefore likely to provide suitable basic protective cover. An alternative being introduced in Zhejiang Province is vetiver grass that has particular benefits including good resistance to erosion and is fast growing. Alignment Options

At a number of locations where alternative alignment options exist, the FSR has presented the schematic layout of the alignment options together with a comparison table showing the major quantities and investment involved. Thze Starting Point of Changsha Section, North

At the start of the scenic road in the Changsha section, major constraints included the railway line and the industrial area. The industrial area is located at approximate chainage of CS KO+600. It is understood that the industrial area will not be relocated in the near future. Two alternatives alignments

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in this area between chainage CS KO+000 and CS K1+200 have been considered, Option 1 being along the decommissioned railway spur and Option 2 on the riverside of the industrial enterprises. A comparison was made on the two alternative alignment options and is presented in Table 6-2. Table 6-2 Comparison of Changsha Starting Point Options Features Unit Option 1 Option 2 Excavation m 900 2,800 Fill m 139,000 160,200 M7.5 mortar blockwork m3 532 914.2 Concrete slab slope protection m3 1,997 2,379 Sand bedding m3 1,664 1,938 Grass slope protection m 21,600 24,300 Top soil excavation mI 24,800 23,200 Land take Mu 86.61 66.62 Resettlement m2 22,592 11,074 Investment Million Yuan 13.44 9.89 In general, the quantities in Option 1 are less than Option 2, but involve greater resettlement and therefore the overall investment cost is higher for Option 1. As such, the FSR recommended Option 2 as the preferred option. One other consideration that also pointed to the selection of Option 2 was the amount of area to be protected. As the industrial area is not to be relocated, they must be protected, and Option 2 protects the industrial area. The DRA considered that the recommendation for Option 2 appeared to be sound. Tlhe End Poinit of Changsha Section, South At the end point of the Changsha Section, where the scenic road will connect up with the Zhaoshan Section, the alignment at the area around Zhaoshan Mountain Scenic Area will now be diverted to Highway 107 east of Zhaoshan. The alternative of the elevated bridge on the river side of Zhaoshan Mountain (considered in the previous FSRs) will no longer be considered. The road will be built on an existing dyke running in the east-west direction between the river and Highway 107. Two options were considered. Option 1 was to strengthen and upgrade the existing east-west running dyke between the river and Highway 107 to reach a design standard for a 50 years return period. Option 2 was to extend the dyke at chainage CS K20+900 by some 900m to meet with high ground, in order to provide the required level of flood protection to the community that lives between the Road diversion junction and Zhaoshan itself, thus eliminating the need to raise Highway 107 to provide flood protection for the area east of Zhaoshan. Figure 6.2 provides a map of these two alternatives. (end of chapter)

A comparison has been made on the two alternative options and is shown in Table 6-3: Table 6-3 Comparison of Alternatives for South End of Changsha Section Features Unit Option 1 Option 2 Excavation m3 700 Fill m 35,700 111,000 M7.5 mortar blockwork m3 505 676 Concrete slab slope protection m' 152 611 Sand bedding m: 126 459 Grass slope protection m2 35,000 18,400 Top soil excavation m2 17,600 12,800 Pumping station modification Million Yuan - 1.1 Highway 107 modification km 0.9 0.3 Land take Mu 160.9 26.99 Resettlement m' 14,797 5,712 Investment Million Yuan 19.04 12.09

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The FSR considered that Option 2 was the preferred option due to its low land take, low resettlement and greater protection. Technically it is more complicated but feasible. The DRA considered that alternatives to minimise resettlement should be encouraged. Both options will divert the road away from the river thus avoids the need to construct a viaduct as proposed in the previous version of FSR. This will significantly reduce the construction cost.

It is noted that in both options, Highway 107 will need to be modified although the extent is undetermined. Details are being prepared to show how Highway 107 is to be modified. The Designer will provide additional drawings to show the details of the modification works to Highway 107 which is considered to be one of the major undertaken due to the impact on the existing traffic. It is understood that there will be no new road to be constructed on the 900m or so extension of the dyke. However, maintenance vehicles will still be using the dyke and it is suggested that some sorts of turning facilities be provided at the end of this cul-de-sac to facilitate the tuming of the maintenance vehicles. As the cost of the pumping station is a major cost item, further assessments will need to be made on the adequacy of this pumping station. Zhaoshan Mountain

The alternative of the elevated bridge on the riverside of Zhaoshan Mountain will no longer be considered. Nevertheless, for completeness, the Designer has made a comparison. Figure 6.2 shows the details of these options. Option I is the option as from previous section, and Option 2 is the bridge option and the details, with details shown in Table 6-4.

Table 6-4 Zhaoshan Alternative Comparison Features Unit Option 1 Option 2 Excavation m' 400,100 Fill m 35,700 524,200 M7.5 mortar blockwork m3 505 707.36 Concrete slab slope protection m' 152 602.02 Sand bedding m3 126 501.53 Grass slope protection m' 35,000 124,400 Top soil excavation m2 17,600 47,300 Viaduct m2 Utilise 4.88km 4,800 existing road Land take Mu 40 Resettlement m' _ 3,600 Investment Million Yuan 11.71 43.99 The FSR recommended Option 1 and the recommendation appears to be logical and sound in technical and financial terms. The FSR also mentioned the visual impact of building the viaduct as a major disadvantage of Option 2 although there was no detailed description of such impact. However, one would expect such major man-made structure in a scenic area being visually obtrusive. It is noted that the utilisation of Highway 107 will lead to a number of issues such as: interference of the traffic currently using Highway 107, increased length of the scenic road, and the disruption to the continuity of the scenic road. As these issues are difficult to quantify and the FSR did not provide any detailed comparison of these items. However, the Jing-Zhu expressway (Chang-Tan section), about 3-4 m east to the HW 107 resumed its operation after the completion of a re-pavement works at the end of. A good traffic arrangement programme between Jing-Zhu expressway and HW 107 in Zhaoshan section is recommended to answer these issues.

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Xianigtani Inzdustrial Area Sectioni

The level at the Xiangtan Industrial Area is sufficiently high that flood control is not a problem. Therefore, it is not necessary to continue the scenic road along the riverbank. An obvious option is to divert the scenic road around the chemical industrial area even though some works are needed to upgrade the existing roads, and it is anticipated that the resettlement will be minimal. The two options have been presented for comparison as summarised in the Figure 63 and Table 6-5. Option 1 is to divert the scenic road around the chemical industrial area utilising the existing roads and Option 2 is to arrange the scenic road along the riverbank. Table 6-5 Xiangtan Road Alternatives Features Unit Option 1 Option 2 Excavation m 4.000 166,700 Fill m 24,100 218,400 M7.5 mortar blockwork m' 46.4 Concrete slab slope protection m 21.26 Sand bedding m _ 17.72 Grass slope protection m 5,800 35,400 Pavement m 13,856 10,000 Land take Mu 10.34 26.38 Resettlement m: 365 3,608 Investment Million Yuan 3.77 12.37 The FSR considered that Option 1 was the preferred option due to its low land take, resettlement and investment. The DRA also considered that Option 1 was cost-effective, particularly in terms of minimisation of resettlement and concur with the recommendation of the FSR. The fact that Option I is 450m longer than Option 2 is considered to be immaterial given the overall length and the purpose of the scenic road. Leidaslhi Town

The existing Leidashi Town is densely populated in a low-lying area prone to flooding. Three alignment options were considered, as shown in Figure 6.4. Option 1 was to demolish the houses on the riverside of the road thus facilitating the construction of the floodwall at the locations of the demolished houses. This option can provide protection to at least half the residents currently residing alongside the road. Option 2 was to build an offline flood protection wall at the riverbank between the river and the houses. Option 3 was to demolish all the houses on the both sides of the road thus facilitating the embankment raising and grass slope protection. Table 6-6 provides the details: Table 6-6 Leidashi Town Options

Features Unit Option I Option 2 Option 3 Excavation m3 10,500 47,600 33,500 Fill m3 17,500 218,400 128,800 M7.5 mortar blockwork m' 11,400 4,820 11,400 C20 Concrete m3 27,600 87,519 Sand bedding m' 2,280 3,390 2,280 Reinforcement t 276 1,750 - Grass slope protection m: 29,816 6,230 56,995 Land take Mu 38.34 25.40 61.00 Resettlement m' 27,226 482 47,592 Investment Million Yuan 25.66 42.18 28.95 Option 2 was the preferred option based on the consideration that Option 2 costs more and that it infringes the river channel hence impacting on the hydraulic of the river. The DRA noted that the alignment of the flood protection wall was designed as if it is to accommodate a 2-lane highway and

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that no hydraulic assessment has been made before giving the statement that the flood protection wall is having an impact on the hydraulic of the river. The DRA considers that there is room to refine the layout of this flood control wall closer to the houses hence minimising the construction costs as well as the impact on the river hydraulic, if any. Option 3 was the preferred option based on a number of other considerations in addition to the above objective comparisons. These have included: * lowered quality of life, having to live against a high solid wall right in front of the houses in the case of Option 2, and

* problems of discharging the stormwater and foul sewers during the wet seasons in the cases of Options 1 and 2. The very reason to provide flood protection in most areas in the first place is the low lying nature of the areas. Flood protection in the forms of dyke or wall will always have the above two inherent problems. The argument put forward by the Designer is not convincing. There was no documentary evidence that the designer has consulted the locals and the wishes of the locals as stated in the December 2003 version of the FSR can only be taken at face value. It is understandable in many occasions that the locals asked for resettlement and to expect compensations. Large scale resettlement is against the Bank's lending policy and is quite rightly pointed out in the December 2003 version of the FSR. If Option 3 is adopted, one question the Designer will need to answer is the purpose of the flood embankment after the houses are all demolished. Thze Xia Jiao Gang Section in Xiangtan The Xia Jiao Gang section in Xiangtan is undergoing significant discussion between the WB and Xiangtan. It is now going to be a locally funded part of the WB project. Chapter 5.9 provided preliminary information on this section from a FSR prepared by the WRB.

6.3 Alternatives Reviewed in PC2 Project Development

6.3.1 No Project Alternatives

With no PC2 project, the secondary pollution, resettlement as well as other problems caused by construction of WWTP and sewers will not exist. However, the existing environment of Changsha City will not be improved. The Liuyang River and downstream areas on the Xiangjiang River will continue to receive raw sewage. There is no feasible argument against provision of wastewater treatment facilities within Changsha.

6.3.2 Interception Ratio

Wastewater collection in Changsha city east bank area is generally based on the combined sewer principle. Since rainfall in Changsha is quite high (average 1,422 mm/year), the combined sewers tend to be very large at the lower ends of the drainage systems. The City of Changsha calculates stormwater flows using a form of the 'rational method'. One-year return period rainfall is generally adopted in the design but higher return periods are used in sensitive areas. City wastewater planning policy advocates a continuation of the policy to install combined sewers except in areas where separate foul and surface water sewer construction is feasible. In areas where wastewater flow is intercepted and forwarded to treatment, combined sewer overflows are provided at various places in the network usually at the bottom end of the network, as access to

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suitable disposal points elsewhere is sometimes difficult. The overflows allow for wastewater to be intercepted and passed to treatment during dry weather and for excess stormwater to be overflowed during wet weather. The interception ratio adopted in Changsha is n = 1 to 3. In other areas, wastewater collector conduits discharge to the river without interception. The proposed interception ratio for the combined sewer overflows is n = I at the low extreme of the city drainage planning authority's range for wastewater interception

6.3.3 Pipe Materials

Trunk pipelines (covert) of drainage pipe network are mostly drainage pipe (covert) with rather big diameter, and majority of them are to be laid underneath urban traffic road (existing and planned ones) in some cases pipe jacking construction method may be required. Taking into consideration the rather high underground water level in Changsha area, the pipe material so selected must have a certain strength and anti-leakage capability and be capable of anti-seepage performance as compared with requirement of other performance. Some examples of pipe materials would include reinforced concrete pipe, cast iron pipe, steel pipe, glass fibre reinforced plastic pipe. The performance of these pipe materials is compared in Tables 6-7 and 6-8: Table 6-7 Pipe Material Comparison of Physical Performance Quality of Pipe Material Performance GRP Steel Cast Concrete PVC

______P late Iron ______Density/g.cm 1.75 7.85 7.2 2.4 1.4 Hoop elongation strength/MPa 500 480 150 2.1 60 Axial elongation strength/NPa 54 480 137 2.1 60 Modulus of elasticity in bending/GPa 19.5 19.6 88.0 36 3 Compression strength/MPa 320 18 100 Heat conductivity factor kcal.(m.h. C) 0.25 27.2 15.1 2.1 0.28 Hydraulic friction coefficient /fXlO 9.15 17.9 17.9 23.2 91.5

Table 6-8 Comparison of Water Transmission Capacity, Inner Diameter and Flow Speed Flow m3.c Inner Diameter d/mm Speed m3.s RC Pipe Cast Iron, Steel GRP RC Pipe Cast Iron, Steel GRP Pipe Pipe 0.5 903 866 759 0.781 0.849 1.106 1.0 1171 1121 981 0.929 1.014 1.323 2.0 1519 1451 1269 1.104 1.210 1.582 4.0 1969 1879 1783 1.314 1.443 1.603 6.0 2294 2185 1908 1.452 1.601 2.10 8.0 2555 2433 2123 1.561 1.722 2.261 Notes: I.Assuming: water pipe length L=lOOOm loss along pipeline ht=lm : 2. friction loss factor : RC pipe f=0.013 ' cast iron pipe, steel pipe f=o.o1 I GRP pipe f=0.009: 3. flow index: RC pipe m=2 Ccast iron pipe, steel pipe m=1.9 , GRP pipe m=1.77 : 4. pipe diameter index : RC pipe b=5.33 Cast iron pipe - Steel pipe b=5.1 ' GRP b=4.77: calculation flow speed V=Q/0.785d2 As the combined drainage pipeline is mostly buried under motor driveway, rather deeply buried and pipe jacking method is adopted in some sections, it is more important that the pipe shall have rather high performance for withstanding external pressure as compared with requirement of other performance. Considering that there is ample resource of RC pipe locally, and the price is relatively

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low, therefore, the designer has chosen mainly RC pipe for combined drainage pipe and sewerage intercepting trunk pipe.

As part of drainage pipeline is buried under non-motorway or green belt, buried rather shallow, it is relatively more important to have better anti-seepage performance as compared with requirement of other performance. Considering there is ample resource of glass fibre reinforced plastic pipe locally, which has been widely used in Hunan area, therefore, the designer has considered adopting GRP pipe for part of pipeline in the project construction. Steel pipe is adopted in the design for the pipe over river in consideration of construction. Ditches exceeding standard specification in the drainage pipeline network shall adopt commonly used RC box culvert or RC cover plate culvert in the design.

6.3.4 Collection System, Pump Stations and Pressure Mains

Flood embankments that are several metres above natural ground level protect most areas of the city. Wastewater collector sewers or channels generally pass undemeath the flood embankment allowing discharge to the river by gravity when river water level is sufficiently low. Sluice gates are provided on the outlets that can be closed at times of high river level. Pumping stations are also provided on the larger wastewater discharge conduits so that excess flow can be pumped to the main river system when gravity flow is not possible.

In Changshanyuan area, there are four existing drainage pumping stations at Yaodongzi, Wujiazhou, Central and Tingzigang, with a total installed pump power of 2159 kW. Approximately 17.7 km of primary sewer pipelines have already been laid and secondary collection networks are understood to keep pace generally with redevelopment of the area. Currently all sewage collected is discharged untreated to the Liuyang river or its tributary, the Guitang River. In contrast to most of the East Bank areas of the city, the topography in the West Bank urban areas is much more hilly with significant rises and falls. Two drainage catchments (Lunan and Shijiangang) have been identified based on natural topography. The wastewater collection network is currently not extensively developed and there are no treatment facilities. Wastewater is reportedly discharged to farm fields, fish ponds, channels and ditches.

The FSR analysis and projection of wastewater flows in the project service area for design of the WWTP is based on global water consumption figures for the Changsha urban area from 1985 to 1999. The existing population, water consumption and, hence, wastewater flows are not broken down into areas within the city and sub-division of water consumption into components (domestic, industrial and commercial/institutional) has not been attempted.

The analysis indicates that average water consumption in 1999 (disregarding unaccounted water and water used for irrigation) was 459 I/c/d and had been fairly constant over the four years from 1996 to 1999 having declined from a peak of 563 I/c/d in 1994. Despite this, the analysis subjectively adopts a global water consumption of 580 I/c/d in expectation of a rising trend in line with projected economic development.

The DRA have adopted a factor of 0.8 for the proportion of water consumed that is discharged to the wastewater collection system. This is in line with national and international norms and gives a global wastewater flow of 464 I/c/d. An arbitrary allowance of 20% of the calculated average wastewater flow has been made for infiltration into the collection system in determining the hydraulic capacity of the treatment works.

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Based on the Master Plan population projection for the Changshanyuan area in 2010 of 205,200 the design flow for the treatment works was determined in accordance with the above thus 205,200 x 464/1,000 x 1.2 = 114,200 m 3/day (rounded up to 120,000 m3/day) Different per capita flow criteria were adopted for design of the wastewater collection network. A comprehensive figure of 800 l/c/d was used including infiltration. The DRA for the network have also used a slightly different figure for projected population in the service area in 2010 of 222,400 as opposed to 205,200 used for the WWTP design. This has resulted in an estimated dry weather flow to be intercepted and transferred to the WWTP of 177,900 m3 /day compared with the design average flow of the WWTP of 120,000 m3 /day.

The method of construction of the proposed large combined sewer pipelines and culverts (in the areas where informal development already exists) have not been explained in the feasibility report. It is understood that construction of these large culverts would have to be coordinated with urban redevelopment in these areas and this would clearly lead to problems in confirming procurement and scheduling arrangements. Apart from indicating the number and duty of the pumps required at each of the three proposed pumping stations in the project, no details of the combined sewer overflows and the pumping stations have been presented in the feasibility report. Important details such as provision for screening and grit removal (if any) will be prepared during preliminary design as they will have a significant impact on the facilities to be provided at the pumping station and CSO sites. They will also affect operation and maintenance activity requirements and the environmental impacts. It is noted that existing pump stations in Changsha utilise submersible pumps, and noise is not a problem nearby. It has been indicated that three existing stormwater pumping stations in the Changshanyuan service area will be upgraded or modified to form the new pumping stations. If this is the case, the condition of the structure and equipment in the existing pumping stations will need to be assessed together with their suitability for upgrading. One major sub-option for the smaller sub-catchments of Dongtundu and Tingzigan appears to be feasible. The FSR design indicates that these catchments should be separated with dedicated stormwater pumping stations discharging to the Liuyang and Guitang rivers respectively. Intercepted flow from the two combined sewer overflows (CSOs) joins together in a common pipe to the Central Area PS for forwarding to treatment.

An alternative may be to combine the catchments together and have a single pumping station and CSO at the site of the proposed Dongtundu PS. This would require a change in the design of some of the proposed primary network sewers but would not appear to affect any existing sewers. This sub- option would be subject to any topographical constraints but would have the advantage of avoiding the need for a discharge to the Guitang River which, being smaller than the Liuyang, may be less able to tolerate stormwater discharges. Other components of the network which would benefit from option evaluation are the river crossing required for the intercepted flow transfer pumping main to the WWTP, the type and layout of the pumping stations and CSOs and construction methods for the larger sewer conduits.

6.3.5 Number of WWTPs

At the Xiangjiang east bank area of Changsha, 7 WWTPs are planned. There are now two WWTP operation with total capacity 320,000 m3 /d. Table 6-9 shows the planned number of WWTPs in Changsha (east bank area)

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Table 6-9 List of Planned Xiangjiang East Bank Sewage Treatment Plant

Collecting Population Sewage Land Use Name of Plant Area served Valume Capacity Area of Service Area (kin2) (10000 Volume /d (km) person) (10000rn3/d) (00md)Plant(ha) Old City Area, Bianhe Treatment 22.96 39.67 28.36 32 25 area,Jinxia Plant . _ Development Area, Sifangping Area No.2 Sewage Yuexiang Area, Treatment 12.44 22.80 17.56 17 3 Provincial Committee, Plant Martyrs Park No.3 SewageXikiuHehp Treatment 23.16 16.28 14.32 15 16 District Plant Dsrc Huaqiao Jngwan, Shimapu, Sewage Chigang, Beichong, Treatment 84.85 47.47 41.77 42 46 Tongjing, Zhiwuyuan, Plant Fengshuba, Guitang District New Century New~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ae ProvincialWindwtouth TV Central Culture Town 16.45 4.00 3.08 3.5 4 Base, Window of the Sewage Plant _ Comprehensive Farm Changsanyuan Changsanyuan Sewage 8.89 2.24 16.62 18 15 Zuojiatang, Xianghu Treatment Fish Farm Plant ______Provincial Academy Sifangping of Social Science, Sewage Hunan TV Station, Treatment 5.16 5.62 4.02 4 5 University of Science Plant & Technology of National Defense, Jiangjialong Total 183.91 158.08 125.73 131.5 114 Jiangjialong

A combined drainage system shall still be adopted in Lunan water collecting area of Xiangjiang west bank ( an area of 128km2 , a population of 100000), Shijiagang water collecting area ( an area of 35.8km2 , a population of 170900) , Xinpimaquan, Laoxia, Tianwang and Pingtang. Wastewater generated from production and living of each unit must be treated by themselves to the permissible discharge standard of the environment protection authorities before being discharged into city sewage trunk pipeline. The collecting wastewater area and design of all the WWTPs in the cities accord with the urban general plan and discharge plan, economises the project investment and minimises the technical difficulty, meet the requirements of water pollution control and environmental protection, and has no damage to the cultural relics and historic sites. Therefore, the collecting wastewater design of all the cities is rational, at the angles of urban plan, technique and economy, environmental protection and the protection of cultural relics and historic sites.

6.3.6 WWTP Site Selection

In "The Regulations for Outdoor Drainage Design" (GBJ14-87), it is stipulated that the location choices for proposed WWTPs must accord with the urban general plan and drainage project plan and be defined according to the following factors:

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* In the downstream part of the town; * At the leeward of the town with the lowest wind frequency in summer; * Good construction geological conditions; * Minimal farmland removal and occupation with certain sanitation protection distance; * Sufficient capacity for upgrading; * Convenient for wastewater and sludge disposal; * Complete drainage in the WWTP section; * Easier transportation, water and power supply. In view of the Changsha general plans and drainage project plan, the proposed location is located in an area defined in the local plan for a treatment works. Therefore, the location was chosen accord with the requirement of urban general plan and drainage project plan and is reliable in line with the urban plans. Originally the WWTP construction site was selected between Huoxing Road and Liuyang River, which is a prime area for future urban development, and where a residential area has been constructed. According the development trend of Changsha City, it would soon be surrounded by groups of residential areas in the near future. Therefore, a large amount of money would be required for pollution control and prevention.

For the above reasons, after significant study, the design department decided on Site 2 at Xilong Village, where the land is mainly of cropland. In comparison to with the original selection, the advantages are: * Located outside the urban construction land, which has nothing to do with the urban development; * Cheap for land acquisition and resettlement; * Near the New Century Wastewater District, and the future combination of the two WWTPs is simplified; * Land area is large enough for construction of Phase II (not part of HUDP). * Since Site 2 has smaller impact on the urban environment, and by taking land conditions into account, HEPRI decided that Site 2 was the better choice.

6.3.7 Wastewater Flows and Capacity of the WWTP

The forecast flows to the works were presented together with projections prepared by DRA and used in checking and sensitivity analysis. The capacity proposed for the WWTP was evaluated and considered to be a sensible choice. The "sensitivity" values were selected on the basis of the experience of the DRA in China and should provide a sensible basis against which projections can be checked. There was good agreement between the FSRs estimates and the "Sensitivity" projections.

6.3.8 The Quality of Wastewater to be Treated

The FSR Consultants have recognised the difficulty of obtaining representative samples of industrial and domestic wastewater and the difficulty of interpreting the results of analysis where only grab samples are collected or in some cases reported results are derived from factory returns. Under these circumstances the FSR Consultants have selected a quality for the combined wastewater at the WWTPs based upon local information, results from other cities in China and sensible judgement.

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The sewage characteristics are of a very weak sewage, weaker than the design manual standard values for low strength sewage. While this may result from a high rate of infiltration or inflow, it is considered that in the short to medium term the strength is likely to remain low. Even with a concerted effort to implement water conservation in Changsha and significant capital investment in the collection system to reduce inflow and infiltration significant increases in strength of the sewage may only occur in the long term e.g. 15 to 25 years. Recent monitoring of wastewater quality in the Changshanyuan catchment documented in the interim Wastewater Quantity and Quality Report by HEPRI appears to confirm earlier monitoring of wastewater at WWVTP 1 in 2000 and 2001 reported in the FSR. Apart from results from the smaller sub-catchment of Tingzigang which are more indicative of a medium strength wastewater, the results generally confirm a low strength and the proposed influent parameters appear to be reasonable if not conservative.

The HEPRI report also indicates that there is very little industrial discharge in the service area. Only one major industry was identified in the service area (Hunan Rubber Company). Including two large markets and the railway station the total water consumed by major industrial and commercial users was assessed at about 6,400 m3 /day.

6.3.9 The Use of Septic Tanks

It is understood that septic tanks are generally provided for all buildings and public toilets but details of numbers, sizes and management arrangements are not readily available. The septic tanks for enterprises and institutions or commercial and residential buildings are managed by themselves or by buildings management companies. The ESB has no statistics covering these septic tanks. Septic tanks are emptied on an irregular basis and final disposal of septage is understood to be to landfill. The supematant water from all septic tanks in Changsha is connected to public sewers and then transferred to a WWTP for treatment or discharged into rivers. There is a perceived need for a unified policy for management of septic tanks in the municipality. The extent and impact of septic tanks in the service area and future proposals in respect of decommissioning of septic tanks have not been determined.

In China it is planned to phase out septic tanks, as separate foul sewerage and full treatment facilities become available. Under the above circumstances the following policy was recommended for this project, which seems rational:

* Advantage should be taken of the present septic tanks as a pre-treatment stage for biological treatment works until they are phased out. In Changsha, there is no current schedule for phasing out septic tanks.

* New WWTPs should be constructed so that they are capable of treating the wastewater without such pre-treatment but advantage should be taken of the existing tanks, while they are still in use, and the savings in operating costs which will arise from their use. * Since the sizing of most of the biological treatment components is primarily related to flow, rather than solids content or BOD, the capital cost penalty in constructing works for the stronger sewage, will be small. There will be the advantage that the works will be able to handle septic tank sludges if they are discharged to the sewer.

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6.3.10 Treated Effluent Standards

The wastewaters, when treated, are to discharge into the Liuyang River by gravity when the river water level in the river is low, and to be lifted-up in a pumping station and discharged when the water level is high, via the drainage pipes. The outfall should be installed at bank with multi-channel, which will not affect the riverbed structure and shipping. Water quality objectives set by the EPB for the Liuyang River where the Changshanyuan WWTP discharges are to improve water quality from Class IV to Class III. This requires the effluent from the WWTP to be Class I according to GB18918 -2002. The parameters for a Class 1 effluent are as shown in Table 6-10:

Table 6-10 Parameters for Class I WWTP Effluent

Parameter Liniit (mg/I)

BOD5 <20 CODCr <60 TSS <20 Total Nitrogen <20 Amm-N < 8 Total Phosphorus < 1.5

The limit value for total phosphorus is fairly low at 1.5 mg/I, and compares with values of 2 and 1 mg/I specified in European Directives for discharges to waters subject to eutrophication. It should be noted that these are specified as annual average values to allow for the operational difficulties associate with phosphorus removal processes. The requirement for TP removal is the classification of the receiving water as Class III and takes no account of the other sources of phosphorus in the river and the impact on the receiving water of providing phosphorus removal at the WWTP. Three large point source stormwater/combined sewage discharges to the Liuyang and Guitang Rivers are proposed in the service area. The Drainage Company has indicated that there are no statutory requirements relating to the quality of such stormwater or combined sewage discharges. However, it is recommended that approval in principle should be obtained for these discharges from the relevant authorities. Any terms and conditions for these discharges need to be agreed with the agency and incorporated into the feasibility proposals.

6.3.11 The Degree of Treatment

Where funding is short it is important to phase the works and to employ the most cost-effectiveness degree of treatment, answering questions such as: * Is it more cost effective to construct a larger primary treatment works as opposed to a small secondary treatment works? Such an evaluation was conducted by the DRA for the Sichuan Urban Environment Project, funded by the World Bank, and the results are directly relevant to the Hunan Urban Development Project. This analysis showed, through the Benefit / Cost ratios, that secondary treatment has a clear advantage in benefit/cost ratio over the option of using primary treatment alone whether the costs of sewerage are included in the analysis or not. It also showed that secondary treatment was clearly more cost

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effective in the removal of components creating an oxygen demand than the option of adding a tertiary treatment stage, to follow secondary treatment.

Whilst costs might be somewhat different in Hunan Province, the margin of superiority of the secondary treatment with nitrification is so great that the conclusion will certainly be equally valid for this project. From the "degree of treatment" analysis it was concluded that the process to be adopted should secondary treatment (see Final Sichuan Project Report of the DRA. Appendix T2, for details of the analysis).

6.3.12 Wastewater Treatment Options

Two options have been proposed in the FSR for treatment at Changshanyuan STP: * Activated sludge process incorporating the A20 Process for nitrogen and phosphorus removal

* An oxidation ditch configuration incorporating nitrogen and phosphorus removal Both options rely on biological nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) removal alone to satisfy the discharge requirements. No supplementary chemical dosing facilities are provided for phosphorus removal. The operational requirements for the A20 process are complex and the associated operational costs will be high as there is a high degree of mixed liquor recirculation. HEPRI provided a comparison of the A20 process and an oxidation ditch as shown in Table 6-1 1: Table 6-11 Comparison between A2/0 and Oxidation Ditch Features A20 Oxidation Ditch Taking-up of Land (ha) 10.03 12.29 Power Consumption (kwh/mr3) 0.264 0.303 Investment (RMB Yuan) 259,223,500 301,229,900 3 Construction Cost (Yuan/mr ) 21,602,000 25,102,500 Consumption Cost (Yuan/a) 28,342,200 36,030,000 Treatment Cost (Yuan/m 3 water) 6470 8230 Management Cost (Yuan/a) 15,686,200 21,357,700 Management Cost (Yuan/m3 water) 3580 4880 Staff Number 66 66 Steady operation; high aeration efficiency; low power consumption Simple techniques flow; and taking up few land area easy to manage; steady Advantages Better manoeuvrability operation; no aeration Technical Control over wastewater treatment needed Assessment quality Requiring more buildings and Low aeration efficiency; equipment; difficult to maintain; the Disadvantages micro pore aeration device easy to be High power consumption; jammed Taking up more land area

The A20 technique has been proven to be a practical and effective method in wastewater treatment. Many other domestic wastewater treatment enterprises, such as Guangzhou Datansha WWTP, Tai'an WWTP, WWTP, Baoding WWTP, and Qingdaotuan WWTP, have run successfully for years with A20 treatment technique. According to the statistics and analyses above, the A20 process was adopted in this project.

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It is considered that although the proposed options may treat the wastewater and achieve the BOD, TSS and COD discharge standards, it is thought unlikely that the phosphorus standard will be reliably met for the following reasons: * Dilute influent sewage * Relatively low BOD:P ratio * Inconsistent performance without chemical dosing to polish final effluent * Release of phosphorus in side streams, typically due to anaerobic conditions such as experienced in anaerobic digestion, and return to the main treatment stream in returned liquor.

* Lack of operator expertise in biological phosphorus removal. * Given these conditions the DRA believes that a suitable alternative to the proposed biological nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) removal options may be: * Conventional nitrification preceded by an anoxic zone plant (without primary settlement) and simultaneous chemical precipitation of phosphorus. There is no need for internal recirculation of sludge to achieve a high level of total nitrogen removal, and the size of the anoxic zone would be significantly smaller than that required for total nitrogen removal as in the A20 process. This option relies upon chemical precipitation of the phosphorus and eliminates the problems arising from side-stream release of phosphorus in sludge handling and treatment processes, as anaerobic conditions will not cause phosphorus to be released from the precipitate. Although reliant upon chemical dosing that will produce additional quantities of sludge for disposal, the performance of the plant should be more predictable and controllable. The FSR proposals include for the provision of a chlorine dosing system and a chlorine contact tank for disinfection of the final effluent before discharge. In Europe and America the use of chlorine for disinfection has fallen out of favour as it has been established that organic compounds present in the final effluent react with the chlorine to form chlorinated organics that persist in the environment and can be detrimental to it. Other methods of disinfection such as UV irradiation, membrane filtration or ozonation, which provide little or no residual, have therefore replaced chlorination where continuous disinfection is practised. These alternatives are generally more expensive to install and operate than chlorination. The only relatively economic method of disinfection is the use of ponds that can be designed to achieve the desired reduction in coliforms. However these require large amounts of land that may be impractical for such a large works.

If however, as indicated in other projects, the disinfection system is for use only at times of epidemic, such that the plant will normally be out of service then the provision of chlorination may be appropriate.

6.3.13 WWTP Sludge Disposal

The FSR indicates that the State requires that sewage sludge produced in municipal WWTPs be stabilised by the "adoption of anaerobic, oxic and stockpiling methods and disposed of by hygienic burial method" (Policy on Technology for Urban Sewage Treatment and Pollution Control - Ministry of Construction, Ministry of Science & Technology, SEPA, 29 May 2000). For sludge treatment the policy recommends anaerobic digestion for sludge generated by secondary 3 treatment facilities of over 100,000 m /d,and utilisation of the biogas generated, and for facilities of 3 less than 100,000 m /d composting or other ways of "comprehensive use". Furthermore it

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recommends that stabilised sludge that is suitable, be disposed of to agricultural land, whilst unsuitable sludge (e.g. sludge heavily contaminated with heavy metals, etc.) be disposed of to sanitary landfill. The current plan calls for anaerobic digestion of sludge, drying and hauling to the Changsha landfill for disposal. HEPRI have confirmed that the landfill has recently been constructed to modem standards including leachate control, and that the landfill has agreed to accept this WWTP sludge. Further study will be undertaken on land disposal options, after verification of sludge quality when the WWTP goes into operations.

No provincial or local sludge disposal strategy has yet been identified that would direct the methods for sludge stabilisation. The DRA Consultant and the World Bank consider the development of a strategy for future sludge disposal to be critical to the development of sewage treatment facilities. A suitable sludge disposal strategy should therefore be developed for the region (Provincial or local). Such a strategy may require the area covered by the strategy to be split into sub-regions to allow derivation of cost-effective disposal strategies. The strategy should take into account all sewage sludge derived and all potential sludge disposal routes. The strategy should consider short medium and long-term options for sludge disposal. The sludge strategy may be used to support the provision of a sludge treatment centre based at the Changshanyuan WWTP by increasing the organic load of sludge for stabilisation but this would have to be justified in a wider strategic plan for sludge management.

Options available for sludge stabilisation include the following: * Dewatering and storage for several months * Dewatering and lime treatment * Dewatering and composting * Digestion, storage and dewatering * Dewatering, thermal treatment * Dewatering and incineration

All options require suitable thickening of the sludge before treatment and dewatering of the sludge at some point in the process. However, the level of technology required varies considerably. Also stabilisation can be achieved in some of these options in conjunction with the disposal of other wastes eg garbage co-disposal to landfilling or by co-incineration.

In the case of Changshanyuan WWTP, it is considered that there may be difficulty in sustaining the proposed anaerobic digestion process. As the sludge treatment will be dealing with activated sludge alone, and there is a potential impact on digestion in the case that biological phosphorus removal processes are used, it is recommended that the proposed design be carefully reviewed. The review would be aimed at ensuring that anaerobic digestion does not result in a futile recycle of phosphorus removed from the wastewater stream returning to the inlet with sludge liquors, and also that the mesophilic digestion process is designed to be self sustaining in energy.

The dehydrated sludge will landfilled in Heimifeng Landfill Site. The Heimifeng Landfill is a relatively new landfill constructed to modem landfill standards, including a leachate treatment facility. The landfill has agreed to accept this WWTP sludge. As the concentration of the heavy metal in the sludge has not been confirmed, HEPRI recommends that analyses be made after the project goes into operation to decide the disposal mode.

If this is not the case other forms of sludge stabilisation should be considered. A regional sludge management policy should be formulated as soon as possible to guide designers of this and future WWTPs. As the sludge treatment will be dealing with activated sludge alone, and there is a potential

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impact on digestion in the case that biological phosphorus removal processes are used, it is recommended that the proposed design should be carefully reviewed for efficiency and sustainability.

6.4 PC3 Clean Coal Options

6.4.1 No Project Options

Other chapters of this report have shown that China and Hunan Province will be reliant on coal as a major energy source for many years into the future. There are no feasible large-scale technological options to the proposed coal cleaning facilities. The "No Project" scenario merely exacerbates an already critical air pollution situation, with the CZT region one of the highest acid rain areas of the country. Specific features of the plan can be addressed, but the overriding concept is necessary.

6.4.2 Project Sites for PC3

At present there are two choice of site: HZCCC and Yijiachong. HEPRI compared the selected project site (HZCCC) with alternative site of Yjiachong as well as no project scheme by describing the respective: potential environmental impact; possibility to reduce the impact; costs; structure, training, monitoring requirements of each scheme to decide the best selection of site from the point of view of environmental protection. Table 6-12 provides a description and comparison of the schemes: Table 6-12 Description and Comparison of PC3 Schemes Schemes HZCCC (Scheme A) Yijiachong (Scheme B) No Project (Scheme C) 1. Has good geographical 1. Has good geographical No adverse impact will location and convenient location; be added. communications; 2. Facilitates the development 2. Many existing facilities in and utilization of coal with ZCWP can be made use of; High ash and S content; 3. No resettlement or land 3. Help improve the acquisition involved; atmospheric environment Advanta-es 4. Saving money; quality by reducing emission Adata 5. Available trained staff; amount of S02 by 90,000 tons 6. Facilitates the development per year; and utilization of coal with High ash and S content; 7. Help improve the atmospheric environment quality by reducing emission amount of S02 by 90,000 tons per year; 1. Project construction produces 1. Land acquisition is 1. Leaves the extra adverse impacts on regional involved; production capacity water, atmospheric and acoustic 2. New product line, work used; environment which can be shops, environmental 2. Continue to use coal reduced by relevant control facilities, office area, living with high ash and S measures; facilities are to be build which content will cause the Dis- make the costs boost up; atmospheric 3. Requires more trained advantages 4. Produces adverse impactstaff. on polluted;environment further regional water, atmospheric 3. Be unfavourable to and acoustic environment the implementation of which can be reduced by 'the Eco- environment relevant control measures; Restoration and protection Project of the 2E Corridor'.

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According to the table above, from the point of view of environmental protection, scheme A is the best. The production flow consists of three parts, namely, coal cleaning, coal slurry and moulded coal. The HZCCC is the patriarch of the domestic coal cleaning enterprises. It's coal cleaning and washing techniques and relevant economic indices ranks first in the whole country. In July 2001, the Hunan Provincial Economy & Trade Commission has identified the newly introduced techniques of cleaning heavy medium coal as most effective methods in coal desulfation.

6.5 PC4 Logistics Centre Options

6.5.1 PC4 Project Location

The CZT urban cluster is the most developed area in Hunan Province, the three cities of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan form an integrated area by making up each other in the production structure: in changsha, the high & new technology and food are the main industries; Xiangtan is characterized by its steel industry, electromechanics and building materials; and Zhuzhou is a city of vehicle manufacture, metallurgy and chemical industries. In this area, there are 239 imports & exports related enterprises which take up over 38% of total of the whole province with gross imports & exports over 2.152 billion US dollars. According to plans by the State Economy,& Trade Commission and Railway Ministry, Zhuzhou City has been listed as one of the 38 largest container transportation station in China, responsible for logistic service for the whole province.

In CZT Area, Xianing Harbor in Changsha is the only logistic centre in large scale, and there is yet no professional logistic service provider in Zhuzhou, secondary providers traditionally provide most of the logistic service. The costs are very high for developed communication network is not brought into full play.

The client of this component project, Yujiaping Railway Transportation Company, is responsible for transportation tasks among enterprises in Qingshuitang Industrial District, and examination & repair of steam-engined vehicles as well as design & construction of railways, the annual volume reaches 4,500,000 tons.

The Station has one mainline and 4 stage lines as well as 6 reserve lines, and plans to build a new railway connecting station of one main line and 3 stage lines. By the existing railway lines connecting Tongtangwan harbour, the combined transportation network takes it shape.

With the convenient communication of railways and highroads as well as waterways of Zhuzhou, it will become the main hand-over of goods in south-central China.

6.5.2 Wastewater Treatment Options

Two options are considered: one is to treat the wastewater on-site by installing a 'integrated wastewater treatment device ; and one is to collect and convey the wastewater into Xiawan WWTP (started operation since 2003). The later option is recommended because Zhuzhou Municipality requested that all wastewater (both industrial and domestic) served by Xiawan WVVTP be centralised treated in Xiawan WWVTTP and operational and maintenance cost would be lower.

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6.6 PC6 Zhaoshan Scenic Area Options

6.6.1 Roads and Features

Zhaoshan is a boutique scenic area with abundant historic sites, ascendant natural resources and harmonized landscape. There are 11 historic sights covering religions, celebrities, historic relics and traditional classic poems, and 8 natural sights. Though Zhaoshan has long been an important provincially touring site, for reasons of manpower and finance, it now faces following problems: infrastructure facilities is out-dated; natural sights is not clear; Cultural relic is incomplete, residents who live inside the scenic area need to be resettled; trees are not enjoyable enough; the roads are disorderly.

6.7 Summary and Conclusions

The HUDP project components appear to be reasonable as currently formulated. Several enhancements are likely to all of the components during preliminary design, as outlined in these sections, but they are unlikely to affect the overall conclusions or environmental analyses.

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Figure 6.2 Map Of The Two Alternatives Of HW 107 Diversion in PCI

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Figure 6.2 Map Of The Two Alternatives Of HW 107 Diversion in PC I

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Figure 6.4 Leidashi Town PCI Options

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7 Mitigation and Monitoring Management Plans This chapter follows the following organisation:

* Chapter 7.1 provides a series of tables showing a complete listing of the potential impacts, mitigation measures, monitoring types, and monitoring agencies during both construction and operation phases of the project. These tables are based on experience with similar type projects in China and elsewhere for similar environmental infrastructure; * Chapter 7.2 provides an initial tabular listing prepared by HEPRI for the types of monitoring proposed for the HUDP at the construction and operation phases of the project. * Chapter 7.3 provides an institutional responsibility summary. * Chapter 7.4 discusses equipment and training.

* Chapter 7.5 provides a cost summary for this mitigation and monitoring program. * Chapter 7.6 discusses the long-term monitoring of component performance, including an Annual Environmental Quality Report.

7.1 Mitigation and Monitoring of the Implementation of Mitigation

The project components of HUDP will potentially cause a variety of short-term construction and longer-term operation impacts, as described in Chapter 5. A series of mitigation measures have been planned to reduce the impacts to acceptable levels. The implementation of these mitigation measures will occur during construction and operation. In order to ensure that the mitigation measures are effectively carried out, "mitigation monitoring" procedures have been established and the organisations to be responsible for this monitoring have been designated.

The HUDP PMO will have an ongoing responsibility to track and report the monitoring of mitigation measures of all the identified agencies, in addition to their direct responsibilities. In this chapter the generic approach to the selection of appropriate mitigation methods and the designation of typical monitoring measures and responsibilities is presented. The following coding was used to identify the agencies responsible for monitoring of mitigation measures: Agencies responsible for Monitoring of Mitigation a. Provincial Construction Department b. Provincial EPB c. City Construction Bureaus / PIU d. City EPB e. City Wastewater Company

There are obvious differences of scope and impact, but there are generic similarities in the types of impacts and mitigations that will be undertaken. Each of the projects will be analysed in both the construction and operation phases. The following are lists of the proposed project components along with the categories of EA issues involved with each component:

Summary of Project Components: 1. PCI, Corridor Component 2. PC2, Changsha Wastewater Component

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 7-1 DRAFr 03/B/Febrtary 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Figure 8.1 Photos of Public Consultation

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3. PC3, Zhuzhou Clean Coal Component 4. PC4, CZT Logistics Center Component 5. PC6, Zhaoshan Scenic Area Component EIA Categories:

PCI involves flood embankment and roadway construction. PC2 involves a new sewerage system, including one WWTP. PC3 involves a coal cleaning facility. PC4 involves a new Logistics centre.. PC6 involves new infrastructure at a scenic area. 1. Flood protection facilities (PCI) 2. WWTP and Sewerage (PC 2, PC4. PC6) 3. Coal Cleaning (PC3) 4. Logistics Centre facilities (PC4) 5. Roads and Bridges (PC1) 6. Scenic area Infrastructure - tourist facilities, utilities, etc (PC6)

7.1.1 Construction Phase

Tables 7-1 to 7-13 provide summaries of the construction-phase impacts, proposed mitigation measures, type of monitoring and responsible agencies. 1. Flood protection facilities (PC1) Table 7-1 Material Excavation and Hauling, and Erosion Control

Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsible Agencies Relocations and land conversion RAPs and adequate compensation Sampling and complaints c,d Dust and Air quality Contract provisions, supervision Records f watering construction sites in dry seasons: - Water should be sprayed on constructional roads and spots 4-5 times a day; spoils cleared and transported timely, and transport trucks covered with tarpaulin; landfilling places covered with soil and compacted; temporary land use recovered with vegetations after utilization. - The concrete mixing spot should be placed far away from the residential area and 300 m leeward of sensitive points, the mixer should be specified with sound airproof performance or equipped with secondary dust catcher. -Environmental administrations of all levels are required to strengthen the environmental monitoring to solve problems on time. - Choose the construction company with strong strength and adopt pre- mixed merchandise concrete and closed vehicles. The designated merchandise concrete producers should be required to do "Three Same- _ time's" and to adopt effective

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Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsible Agencies measures to decrease the influences on the environment, ensuring the air environment free from pollution by the measures of strengthening environmental monitoring and management. - Recover vegetations of temporary land uses after completion of works to avoid water loss and soil erosion. Sensitive Areas And Wetlands Realignment or protection Records f Noise Limited hours, equipment design: Monthly logs f,d Yande College is to be relocated (included in RAP); boring equipment should be specified with low Leq performance for the construction at Kongling Temple; Nighttime construction shall be prohibited at construction sites near to Xiangyin residential area and Shiji residential area is allowed Material Hauling Operating hours, routing provisions: Truck logs, complaints f,d,c Selection of transportation route; Installation of windshield on vehicles; Safety Training and contract provisions: Accident, training records f - All constructors, including the canteen staff, are to have physical examinations before work; - Medical facilities should be installed in the construction site; - Guarantee of sanitary drinking waters and meals from the canteen staff is needed; - Security training is also needed. -Detailed geo-technical survey is required before detailed design. -Retaining walls should be built at sites with poor geological conditions, and cut the slope to less than 250 at places above the retaining walls. - Install drainage ditches to reduce erosion of runoff to soil. - Contractors should strictly abide by safety regulations to avoid safety accidents Erosion on soil borrow pits Open drainage ditch before Monthly logs c,d excavation, excavate cell by cell, and recover topsoil and vegetation after excavation. Erosion during dike construction PVC film to temporarily cover the Records c uncovered soil; apply rubble with binding material to permanently cover the dike side slope, planting grass on the slope. Roadbed erosion Build retaining wall on soft rock Records c section, open drainage channel in parallel with road development. planting trees and grass along sides of the road Construction Wastewater -Wastewater should pre-treat by oil Records c separation, sedimentation and septic tanks before discharging to the sites specified by local EPM. - Sedimentation and temporary septic tanks confirmed by local

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Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsible ______A gen cies environmental authorities; - Temporary piling site is required, in which the domestic garbage should be carried away on time. -No contractors' campsites are allowed to be located in the drinking water sources protected zones (lOOOm upperstream and 200 downstream of . ______the intake)

Table 7.2: Channel Excavation / Dredging or Crossings

Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsible Agencies Relocations and land conversion RAPs and adequate compensation Sampling and complaints c Aesthetics Architectural design and landscaping Visual, complaints d,f Noise Limited hours, equipment design, Monthly logs d construction equipment placed away from schools and temples Erosion, site work Best Management Practices (BMPs) Weekly logs f Safety Training and contract provisions: Accident, training records f - All constructors, including the canteen staff, are to have physical examinations before work; - Medical facilities should be installed in the construction site; - Guarantee of sanitary drinking waters and meals from the canteen staff is needed; - Security training is also needed. - Detailed geo-technical survey is required before detailed design. - Retaining walls should be built at sites with poor geological conditions, and cut the slope to less than 250 at places above the retaining walls. - Install drainage ditches to reduce erosion of runoff to soil. - Contractors should strictly abide by safety regulations to avoid safety accidents Sensitive areas and wetlands Realignment or protection Records d,f Dust, hauling - air quality impacts Contract provisions, supervision Records f,c,d Construction Wastewater - Wastewater should pre-treat by oil Records c separation, sedimentation and septic tanks before discharging to the sites specified by local EPM. - Sedimentation and temporary septic tanks confirmed by local environmental authorities; - Temporary piling site is required, in which the domestic garbage should be carried away on time. - No contractors' campsites are allowed to be located in the drinking water sources protected zones (1OOOm upperstream and 200 downstream of the intake)

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Table 7-3: Construction Debris Disposal Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsible Agencies Uncontrolled dumps Monitor disposal, no contractors Visual, truck logs c,d encampments are allowed to be located at potable water intakes protection zones Hazardous material use and disposal Monitor use and disposal Visual, truck logs c,d Direct or indirect dumping in streams Monitor disposal, contract provisions Visual, inspections c,d

2. WWTP and Sewerage (PC 2 and PC6 including WWTP, PC4 sewerage only) Table 7-4: Wastewater Sewerage and Pumping

Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsible Relocations and land conversion RAPs and adequate compensation Sampling and complaints c,d Dust and Air quality Contract provisions, supervision, Records e watering construction sites in dry seasons Sensitive Areas And Wetlands Realignment or protection Records e Erosion Sewer construction activity should be Records C scheduled during dry season. The excavated soil should be backfilled and compacted timely.o Noise Limited hours, equipment design, Monthly logs e,d submersible pumps are specified: Heavy load trucks for transporting pipes are mobile and intermittent sources emnitting significant noise during pipe laying, with noise levels in the range of 85m90 dB (A). Tse noise impact should not be significant since they will only operate in the daytime, they are less frequent than vehicle flows on existing roadways, and the WWTP sites are not in urban centres. The pipelines will often be excavated using manual labour so dust and noise will be ainimised. Aesthetics Architectural design and landscaping Visual, complaints Stream crossings Best Management Practices (BMPs) Weekly logse Safety Training and contract provisions: Accident/training records e, c - All constructors, including the canteen staff, are to have physical exanqinations before work; - Medical facilities should be installed in the construction siti; - Guarantee of sanitary drinking waters and meals from the canteen staff is needed; - Secutty training is also needed. -Detailed geo-technical survey is required before detailed design. - Retaining walls should be built at sites with poor geological conditions, and cut the slope to less than 250 at places above the retaining walls. - Install drainage ditches to reduce erosion of runoff to soil. -Contractors should strictly abide by

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Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsible Agencies safety regulations to avoid safety accidents River/stream bank stability and Best Management Practices (BMPs) Weekly logs e environment Material hauling Operating hours, routing provisions: Truck logs, complaints e,d,c Pipe-jacking instead of open excavation in the artery roads; PIU, contractor and local urban traffic management agency jointly work out a traffic arrangement program before construction and strengthen traffic guidance and management during construction; Avoidance of rush hours; Set aside special passages; Traffic direction and warning board. Disturbance to urban traffic, A best traffic organization option Weekly logs e inconvenience to local citizens programmed before construction, pipe-jacking construction methods may be necessary. Construction Wastewater -Wastewater should pre-treat by oil Records c separation, sedimentation and septic tanks before discharging to the sites specified by local EPM. - Sedimentation and temporary septic tanks confirmed by local environmental authorities; - Temporary piling site is required, in which the domestic garbage should be carried away on time. - No contractors' campsites are allowed to be located in the drinking water sources protected zones (lOOOm upperstream and 200 _ downstream of the intake)

Table 7-5: Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP)

Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsible

Relocations and land conversion RAPs and adequate compensation Sampling and complaints c, d Aesthetics Architectural design and landscaping Visual, complaints d Noise Limited hours, equipment design Monthly logs d Erosion/ site work Best Management Practices (BMPs) Weekly logs e Safety Training and contract provisions: Accident/training records e -All constructors, including the canteen staff, are to have physical examinations before work; - Medical facilities should be installed in the construction site; - Guarantee of sanitary drinking waters and meals from the canteen staff is needed; - Security training is also needed. - Detailed geo-technical survey is required before detailed design. - Retaining walls should be built at sites with poor geological conditions, and cut the slope to less than 250 at places above the retaining walls. - Install drainage ditches to reduce _ erosion of runoff to soil.

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Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsible Agencies - Contractors should strictly abide by safety regulations to avoid safety accidents Scnsitive areas and wetlands Realignment or protection Records d Dust, hauling - air quality impacts Contract provisions, supervision, Records e,c,d watering construction sites in dry seasons Construction Wastewater - Wastewater should pre-treat by oil Records c separation, sedimentation and septic tanks before discharging to the sites specified by local EPM. - Sedimentation and temporary septic tanks confirmed by local environmental authorities: - Temporary piling site is required, in which the domestic garbage should be carried away on time. - No contractors' campsites are allowed to be located in the drinking water sources protected zones (1OOOm upperstream and 200 downstream of the intake)

Table 7-6: Sludge Management System

Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsible Agencies Relocations and land conversion RAPs and adequate compensation Sampling and complaints C, d Aesthetics Architectural design and landscaping Visual, complaints d Noise Limited hours, equipment design Monthly logs d Erosion and site work BMPs Weekly logs e Safety Training and contract provisions: Accident and training records e - All constructors, including the canteen staff, are to have physical examinations before work; - Medical facilities should be installed in the constructon site; - Guarantee of sanitary drinking waters and meals from the canteen staff is needed; - Security training is also needed. - Detailed geo-technical survey is required before detailed design. - Retaining walls should be built at sites with poor geological conditions, and cut the slope to less than 250 at places above the retaining walls. - Install drainage ditches to reduce erosion of runoff to soil. - Contractors should strictly abide by safety regulations to avoid safety accidents Dust, hauling - air quality impacts Contract provisions, supervision Records e,c,d Secondary pollution from Surplus sludge be thickened, Records d irrational sludge disposal anaerobic digested, dewatered, hauled to Heimifeng sanitary landfill site for sanitary disposal

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Table 7-7: Construction Debris Disposal Responsible Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Agencies

Uncontrolled disposal site Monitor disposal Visual, truck logs c,d Hazardous material use and disposal Monitor use and disposal Visual, truck logs c,d Direct or indirect dumping in streams Monitor disposal, contract provisions Visual, inspections c,d

3. Coal Cleaning (PC3) Table 7-8 Spoils Transportation and Disposal Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsible Agencies Aesthetics Architectural design and landscaping Visual, complaints d Noise Limited hours, equipment design: Monthly logs d Nighttime construction shall be prohibited; specify low-noise equipment and keep good Maintenance of the equipment; Erosion, site work Best Management Practices (BMPs) Weekly logs f Safety Training and contract provisions: Accident, training records f - All constructors, including the canteen staff, are to have physical examinations before work; - Medical facilities should be installed in the construction site; - Guarantee of sanitary drinking waters and meals from the canteen staff is needed; - Security training is also needed. -Detailed geo-technical survey is required before detailed design. - Retaining walls should be built at sites with poor geological conditions, and cut the slope to less than 250 at places above the retaining walls. - Install drainage ditches to reduce erosion of runoff to soil. - Contractors should strictly abide by safety regulations to avoid safety accidents Dust, hauling - air quality impacts Contract provisions, supervision Records f,c,d watering construction site in dry seasons Construction Wastewater - Wastewater should pre-treat by oil Records c separation, sedimentation and septic tanks before discharging to the sites specified by local EPM. - Sedimentation and temporary septic tanks confirmed by local environmental authorities; -Temporary piling site is required, in which the domestic garbage should be carried away on time. - No contractors' campsites are allowed to be located in the drinking water sources protected zones (1OOOm upperstream and 200 downstream of the intake)

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4. Logistics Centre Facilities (PC4) Table 7-9 Spoils Transportation and Disposal Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsible Agencies Relocations and land conversion RAPs and adequate compensation Sampling and complaints c Aesthetics Architectural design and landscaping Visual, complaints d Noise Limited hours, equipment design: Monthly logs d Nighttime construction shall be prohibited; specify low-noise equipment and keep good Maintenance of the equipment; Erosion, site work Best Management Practices (BMPs) Weekly logs f Safety Training and contract provisions: Accident, training records f - All constructors, including the canteen staff, are to have physical examinations before work; - Medical facilities should be installed in the construction site; - Guarantee of sanitary drinking waters and meals from the canteen staff is needed; - Security training is also needed. - Detailed geo-technical survey is required before detailed design. - Retaining walls should be built at sites with poor geological conditions, and cut the slope to less than 250 at places above the retaining walls. - Install drainage ditches to reduce erosion of runoff to soil. - Contractors should strictly abide by safety regulations to avoid safety accidents Dust, hauling -air quality impacts Contract provisions, supervision Records f,c,d Construction Wastewater - Wastewater should pre-treat by oil Records c separation, sedimentation and septic tanks before discharging to the sites specified by local EPM. - Sedimentation and temporary septic tanks confirmed by local environmental authorities; - Temporary piling site is required, in which the domestic garbage should be carried away on time. - No contractors' campsites are allowed to be located in the drinking water sources protected zones (lOOOm upperstream and 200 downstream of the intake)

5. Roads and Bridge (PC1, PC6) Table 7-10: Infrastructure Construction Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsible Agencies Relocations and land conversion RAPs and adequate compensation Sampling and complaints c,d Dust and Air quality Contract provisions, supervision Records f Sensitive Areas And Wetlands Realignment or protection Records d,f Noise Limited hours, equipment design Monthly logs f,d

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Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsible Agencies Material Hauling Operating hours, routing provisions Truck logs, complaints fd,c Safety Training and contract provisions: Accident, training records - All constructors, including the canteen staff, are to have physical examinations before work; - Medical facilities should be installed in the construction site; - Guarantee of sanitary drinking waters and meals from the canteen staff is needed; - Security training is also needed. -Detailed geo-technical survey is required before detailed design. -Retaining walls should be built at sites with poor geological conditions, and cut the slope to less than 250 at places above the retaining walls. - Install drainage ditches to reduce erosion of runoff to soil. - Contractors should strictly abide by safety regulations to avoid safety accidents _ Construction Wastewater - Wastewater should pre-treat by oil Records c separation, sedimentation and septic tanks before discharging to the sites specified by local EPM. - Sedimentation and temporary septic tanks confirmed by local environmental authorities; - Temporary piling site is required, in which the domestic garbage should be carried away on time. - No contractors' campsites are allowed to be located in the drinking water sources protected zones (lOOOm upperstream and 200 downstream of the intake)

Table 7-11: Spoils Transportation and Disposal Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsible Agencies Relocations and land conversion RAPs and adequate compensation Sampling and complaints c Aesthetics Architectural design and landscaping Visual, complaints d Noise Limited hours, equipment design Monthly logs d Erosion, site work Best Management Practices (BMPs) Weekly logs f Safety Training and contract provisions: Accident, training records f - All constructors, including the canteen staff, are to have physical examinations before work; - Medical facilities should be installed in the construction site; - Guarantee of sanitary drinking waters and meals from the canteen staff is needed; - Security training is also needed. - Detailed geo-technical survey is required before detailed design. - Retaining walls should be built at sites with poor geological conditions, I and cut the slope to less than 250 at

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Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsible Agencies places above the retaining walls. - Install drainage ditches to reduce erosion of runof f to soil. - Contractors should strictly abide by safety regulations to avoid safety accidents Sensitive areas and wetlands Realignment or protection Records d Dust, hauling - air quality impacts Contract provisions, supervision Records f,c,d Construction Wastewater - Wastewater should pre-treat by oil Records c separation, sedimentation and septic tanks before discharging to the sites specified by local EPM. - Sedimentation and temporary septic tanks confirmed by local environmental authorities; - Temporary piling site is required, in which the domestic garbage should be carried away on time. - No contractors' campsites are allowed to be located in the drinking water sources protected zones (1OOOm upperstream and 200 downstream of the intake)

6. Scenic area Infrastructure - tourist facilities, utilities, etc (PC6)

Table 7.12: Infrastructure Construction

Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsible Agencies Relocations and land conversion RAPs and adequate compensation Sampling and complaints c,d Dust and Air quality Contract provisions, supervision Records f Sensitive Areas And Wetlands Realignment or protection Records d,f Noise Limited hours, equipment design Monthly logs f,d Material Hauling Operating hours, routing provisions Truck logs, complaints f,d,c Safety Training and contract provisions: Accident, training records f - All constructors, including the canteen staff, are to have physical examinations before work; - Medical facilities should be installed in the construction site; - Guarantee of sanitary drinking waters and meals from the canteen staff is needed; - Security training is also needed. -Detailed geo-technical survey is required before detailed design. - Retaining walls should be built at sites with poor geological conditions, and cut the slope to less than 250 at places above the retaining walls. - Install drainage ditches to reduce erosion of runoff to soil. -Contractors should strictly abide by safety regulations to avoid safety accidents Construction Wastewater - Wastewater should pre-treat by oil Records c separation, sedimentation and septic

Consolidated Environmental Assessmnent 7-1 1 DRAFT 031B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsible .______Agencies tanks before discharging to the sites specified by local EPM. - Sedimentation and temporary septic tanks confirmed by local environmental authorities; - Temporary piling site is required, in which the domestic garbage should be carried away on time. - No contractors' campsites are allowed to be located in the drinking water sources protected zones (1OOm upperstream and 200 downstream of the intake)

Table 7.13: Spoils Transportation and Disposal Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsible Agencies Relocations and land conversion RAPs and adequate compensation Sampling and complaints c Aesthetics Architectural design and landscaping Visual, complaints d Noise Limited hours, equipment design Monthly logs d Erosion, site work Best Management Practices (BMPs) Weekly logs f Safety Training and contract provisions: Accident, training records f - All constructors, including the canteen staff, are to have physical examinations before work; - Medical facilities should be installed in the construction site; - Guarantee of sanitary drinking waters and meals from the canteen staff is needed; -Security training is also needed. -Detailed geo-technical survey is required before detailed design. - Retaining walls should be built at sites with poor geological conditions, and cut the slope to less than 250 at places above the retaining walls. - Install drainage ditches to reduce erosion of runoff to soil. - Contractors should strictly abide by safety regulations to avoid safety accidents Sensitive areas and wetlands Realignment or protection Records d Dust, hauling -air quality impacts Contract provisions, supervision Records f,c,d Dewatering Best Management Prachces (BMPs) Weekly logs f Runoff Control Best Management Practices (BMPs) Weekly logs f

7.1.2 Operation Phase

Tables 7-14 to 7-27 provide summaries of the generic operation-phase impacts, proposed mitigation measures, type of monitoring and responsible agencies for the proposed HUDP projects.

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1. Flood protection facilities (PC1) . Table 7-14 Flood Embankment Operations

Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsible ______~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Agencies Aesthetics Architectural design and landscaping Visual, complaints d Noise Limited hours, equipment design with low Ambient levels and c,d noise equipment at pump stations: complaints According to investigations, these pumps only run in hard rain period. Control measures such as shock absorption and selection of low noise pumps are recommended. Erosion and runoff O&M Procedures, revegetation procedures Weekly logs, inspections f control and maintenance Sanitation of site Establish and enforce standards Visual, contract f,d,health

Subsidence Design, O&M procedures Inspectons, operating f,c,d records

2. WWTP and Sewerage (PC2, PC4, PC6) Table 7-15: Solid Waste, Septage, and Direct Discharge Sources

Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsible Uncontrolled direct or indirect Enforce ordinances, provide better Solid Inspections and fines d, e, f dumping of solid waste, to Waste collection sites, cleanup campaigns surface water Septage dumped directly to Enact and enforce local ordinances, List of ordinances and d, c, e streams or indirectly through provide for septage treatment in Solid enforcement statistics sewer svstems Waste or WWTP projects Industrial solid waste direct Enforce ordinances, monitor adjacent Ordinances and b, d dumping waterways enforcement statistics d Industrial hazardous and toxic Enact and enforce a "cradle to grave" Installation of program b,d waste direct dumping or indirect tracking and treatment system for and tracking and impact to groundwater hazardous/toxic waste treatment records

Table 7-16: Raw Sewage, Domestic and Industrial Sources to Sewer Systems

Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsible Agencies Low strength domestic sewage, Eliminate septic tanks when not needed, Sample sewer systems, c (use of septic tanks, or high ensure that local connections are made WWTP influent and infiltration or inflow) and are watertight connection record Septage dumping Enact and enforce local ordinances, List of ordinances and c,d provide for septage treatment in SW or enforcement statistics, causing treatment WWTP projects inspect. disruption or bypasses Industrial pre-treatment problems Enact and enforce adequate pre-treatment Pre-treatment monitor & b,d,e programs and make responsible to inspect., WWTP influent wastewater company record Industrial accidents and spills, Enact regulations requiring notification of List of ordinances and d problems- sewers or treatment the WWTP as well as specified protection records of incidents and works measures compliance Excessive infiltration or inflow Perform visual/TV/or other inspections of Records of sewer system e in sewer systems the sewer systems and take corrective evaluations action Changes in domestic Monitor changes in water use rates and Meter and plant records e consumption causing design load wastewater generation rates by variation neighbourhoods Changes in industrial Monitor changes in industrial quantity and Flow and quality records d,e consumption causing design load quality through enforced pre-treatment

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Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsible Agencies variation program

Table 7-17: Raw Sewage Overflows, Various Locations

Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsible ______~~~~~~~~~~~Agencies Overflow impacts in Sewer separation, Infiltration/Inflow Number, quantity estimate d,c general to health and correction, protect overflows of overflows environment Excess overflows from Evaluate and improve collection systems Number of overflows d,c design calculations plotted against storm events Human direct contact Protect outlets and downstream users Visual and health records d,c,health Impacts to surface waters Develop mixing zones to dissipate impacts Visual and surface water d monitoring Sensitive area impacts Relocate or adjust overflow if possible Visual and compliance c,d records

Table 7-18: Wastewater Sewerage and Pumping

Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Agencble Foul odours and gases Proper design and industrial waste Sampling and compliance c,d controls records

Accidents working in sewers Safety training Training and accident records e Accidental overflows while Detailed O&M procedures and prevention Records e working in system of direct dumping into system

Sewer system blockages Detailed O&M procedures and prevention Records, visual observation of c,d, e of direct dumping, cleaning equipment cleaning equip available Noise from pump stations Design and protective measures Ambient monitoring and c,d complaints Power failure at pump Backup power system or dual feed Electric meters and visual d,e stations check of the backup system or secondary feed Mechanical failure at pump Design, O&M procedures, spare parts Weekly logs c, e stations available Leaks contaminating local Design and protective measures Ambient monitoring and c,d, e groundwater complaints

Table 7-19: Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP)

Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Agencies Lower or higher influent Septic tank usage rates, Infiltration/Inflow Connection and operating e quantity or quality than monitoring, enforcement records of pre- records expected treatment program Bypasses more frequent than Sewer system monitoring, O&M procedures WWTP and City EPB e,d planned records

Noise/Odour Design and protective measures, Ambient, complaints c,d establishment of a 150 m buffer zone at boundary of WWTP Accidents, including gas, Training programs Training and accident c,e explosions, etc. records Chemical handling accidents Design, safety training, waming systems Training and accident c,e records, visual

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Power failure Backup system and/or dual electric feed Electric meters, visual c,e Equipment failure Design, O&M program, spare part avail. Daily logs, meters e Operational problems Design, operator training, laboratory testing Daily logs, training records e Poor eftluent quality Monitor and enforce discharge records Daily records and e,d enforcement, monitor e

Table 7-20: Sludge Management System

Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Agenciles Lack of adequate Monitor stabilisation system use and Inspection and daily logs e,d,health stabilisation performance, monitor sludge quality High heavy metal Monitor raw sewage and sludge quality Quarterly sampling of concentrations e,d,b for land metals in influent, semi- application annual of sludge Safety Design and training Training, accident records c,e Inadequate liquid control Design, O&M, operator training Inspection and daily logs e,d during dewatering Odours Design, O&M, operator training, Design and Ambient levels, complaints e,d protective measures, establishment of a 150 m buffer zone at boundary of WWTP and adding deordourant Equipment failure Design, O&M program, spare part availability Safety training and visual C,e Ichecks of warning systems __X Landfill problems in Design standards, leachate treatment systems Visual, inspections, e,d handling sludge leachate monitor

3. Coal Cleaning (PC3) Table 7-21 Wastewater Treatment

Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Agencies Lower or higher influent Septic tank usage rates, Infiltration/Inflow Connection and operating e quantity or quality than monitoring, enforcement records of pre- records expected treatment program Bypasses more frequent than Sewer system monitoring, O&M procedures WWTP and City EPB e,d planned records Noise Design and protective measures Ambient, complaints c,d Accidents, including gas, Training programs Training and accident c,e explosions, etc. records Chemical handling accidents Design, safety training, waming systems Training and accident c,e records, visual Power failure Backup system and/or dual electric feed Electric meters, visual c,e Equipment failure Design, O&M program, spare part avail. Daily logs, meters e Operational problems Design, operator training, laboratory testing Daily logs, training records e Poor effluent quality Monitor and enforce discharge records Daily records and e,d enforcement. monitor

Table 7-22: Air Quality Emissions

Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring ______Type Responsible ______Ag en cies Inadequate dust control Design, O&M, operator training: Inspection and daily logs e,d operations - To use the CWM as boiler fuel; - According to regulations in GB 13271- 2001, the chimney of 6.5t/h boiler must be at

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least 35 meters high and 3 meters higher than the highest building within 200 meters around it; the defragmentation chimney must be 24 meter high at least.

Inadequate liquid control Design, O&M, operator training Inspection and daily logs e,d from wet dust operations Equipment failure Design, O&M program, spare part Safety training and visual c,e availability checks of warning systems

Table 7-23: Coal Refuse Disposal

Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type ResponsibleAgencies Improper disposal practices -A retaining wall is to be built at west and Inspection and daily logs e,d including dust and spillage north side and earth up the wall for planting grass to prevent collapse and mitigate the impact on residential quarter. - A drainage ditch/channel is to be built at the west and north side to drain runoff into the urban sewer system. - The entire storage yard needs to be enclosed by extending the wall and signs of environmental protection be placed on the wall. According the provisions of GB 15562.2, regular maintenance of the enclosure wall should be practiced. - The coal refuse should be watered regularly to prevent dust pollution and hypergolic. - To avoid the secondary air pollution by reusing of coal refuse, the HZCCC, the project PIU wish PPMO to extend its desire to pack the "multi-purposes utilisation of coal refuse in an environmental friendly way" as a technical assistance package. In the mean time, HZCCC has made its commitment to take some actions to avoid potential impact of coal refuse Noise Design and protectve measures: Ambient, complaints c,d The noise intensity of the operating machine must meet relevant standard; measures like vibration reduction, sound proof, silencing and planned layout are suggested to minimize the impact; vehicles run at limited speed and whistles are prohibited in the residential area Secondary pollution by Prevent re-sale of coal refuse for use as a Inspection and daily logs e,d improper secondary usage burning fuel product and burning

4. Logistics Centre facilities (PC4) Table 7-24 Wastewater Treatment

Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsible Agencies Lower or higher influent Septic tank usage rates, Infiltration/Inflow Connection and operating e quantity or quality than monitoring, enforcement records of pre- records expected treatment program Bypasses more frequent than Sewer system monitoring, O&M procedures WWTP and City EPB e,d planned records Noise Design and protective measures: Ambient, complaints c,d Following measures are recommended:

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Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Agencies economic compensation or installation of soundproof doors and windows for the affected people; whistles should be as few as possible. Accidents, including gas, Training programs Training and accident c,e explosions, etc. records Chemical handling accidents Design, safety training, warning systems Training and accident c,e records, visual Power failure Backup system and/or dual electric feed Electric meters, visual c,e Equipment failure Design, O&M program, spare part avail. Daily logs, meters e

5. Roads and Bridges (PC1, PC6) Table 7-25 Infrastructure Operations

Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsible Agencies Noise Operating hours, routing provisions Ambient levels, complaints c,d Worker Safety Training and contract provisions Accident, training records crf Public Safety Protective measures Accident records c,f Sanitary conditions Establish/enforce health safeguards Visual, complaints f,d,health Dust and Air quality Contract provisions, supervision Visual, complaints f,d Aesthetics Architectural design and landscaping Visual, complaints d Erosion O&M Procedures Weekly logs, inspections f Surface water quality - Stormwater drainage system along the a, d impacts from highway corridor should be cleared and maintained runoff regularly to avoid any siltation and blockage; - The stormwater drainage system should be designed to be lined with rubble-stone to avoid erosion by stormwater and reduce mini waterfall effect; - No outfalls should located in drinking water protection zones (lOOOm upperstream and 100 downstream of the intakes of WTPs; -Outfalls in Xiangtan that are dominated by industrial wastewater outfalls and randomly distributed along the corridor should be modified - Wastewater and domestic garbage generated from services along the corridor (e.g. the parks, aquatels in Zhaoshan scenic area, farmhouse garden for citizens recreation should not be discharged into the I Xiangjiang River freely.

6. Scenic Area Infrastructure Operations (PC6)

Table 7-26: Infrastructure Operations

Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type ______Responsible ______A g en cies Noise Operating hours, routing provisions Ambient levels, complaints c,d Worker Safety Training and contract provisions Accident, training records c,f Public Safety Protective measures Accident records c,f

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Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring Type Responsible ______A g en cies Sanitary conditions Establish/enforce health safeguards Visual, complaints f,d,health Dust and Air quality Contract provisions, supervision Visual, complaints f,d Aesthetics Architectural design and landscaping Visual, complaints d Erosion and runoff control O&M Procedures Weekly logs, inspections f

7.2 HEPRI Environmental Monitoring Plan

During the construction period and operating periods, the environmental management program prepared by HEPRI is outlined in Tables 7-27 and 7-28, located at the end of the chapter. The environmental management structure is shown in Tables 7-29 and 7-30. Table 7-29 HUDP Environmental Management Departments Names Responsibilities Remarks The HUDP Office of Provincial Designing and environmental An environmental specialist for Planning Development management in the construction execution of management and Commission period monitoring plans Execution and management of An environmental specialist to The Environmental Management environmental protection assist environmental experts of the Offices of Project Components measures in the construction project office period CZT Environmental Monitoring Environmental monitoring in both Departments periods

Table 7-30 Supervision of HUDP Environmental Management Departments Names Responsibilities 1. supervision of execution of environmental laws, regulations and Hunan Provincial management, etc. Environmental Protection 2. coordination of environmental management among various department; Bureau 3. check and approval of environmental monitoring report; 4. final environmental acceptance of construction project CZT Municipal Environmental 1. assistance the provincial bureau supervision work; Protection Bureaus 2. check and approval of environmental monitofing report; Figure 7.1 provide institutional framework for implementation of HUDP environment managment

7.3 Institutional Responsibilities

Section 7.1 showed the organisations that are responsible for the implementation of the mitigation measures for the different types of construction and operational impacts. The Environmental Protection Law of China, requires that the project promoter must incorporate the environmental protection work into the project proposals and take effective measures to prevent and control any pollution, which may damage the ecological environment, caused by construction, operation or other activities.

Due to the nature of the project and the division of responsibilities within Hunan Province, a large number of institutions are involved in the environmental protection work of the project. Three types of institutions are involved: project management offices (PMOs), environmental protection bureaus (EPBs) and sector or trade authorities (bureaux) at province, prefecture (or city), county and town level.

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7.3.1 Management Institutions: Project Management Office System

Hunan ProvincialPMO (HUDPPMO) The PPMO is responsible for:

* Organising the feasibility study, environmental impact assessment and planning the implementation of the project construction;

* Co-ordinating the environmental management and monitoring between the sector authority and the project unit;

* Guiding the project unit in carrying out the environmental management measures; * Reporting regularly the environmental protection work status to the World Bank and the Hunan Provincial EPB (HEPB); and,

* Guaranteeing sufficient funding of environmental protection from the total funds from the project. Local PIUs

PIUs (prefecture or municipal PMOs) are responsible for: * Co-ordinating the overall management of the project construction;

* Supervising each authority or department in carrying out the environmental protection plan and management measures under the guidance of HUDPPMO;

* Ensuring the investment in environmental protection facilities; and reporting the environmental management work during the project construction to HUDPPMO and the local EPB.

7.3.2 Supervision Institutions

State Environmental Protection Agency of P R. China (SEPA) State Environmental Protection Agency of P. R. China (SEPA) is responsible for: * Co-ordinating the overall environmental administration or management work; * Examining and approving the EIA report of the project; and, * Guiding the Hunan Environmental Protection Bureau (HEPB) in enforcing the environmental laws and regulations. Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau (HEPB) HEPB is responsible for:

* Co-ordinating the environmental protection management work of the project, * Organising the relevant institutions or departments to undertake the environmental protection work. Local Environmental Protection Bureaus (LEPBs)

LEPBs (prefecture or municipal EPBs) work under the guidance of HEPB and are responsible for: * Supervising the implementation of the environmental laws and regulations; * Coordinating the EP work among the institutions or departments;

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* Managing the construction check and final examination / acceptance of projects; * Supervising the implementation of environmental protection working plan of "Three Wastes" control programmes of project units; and, * Reporting environmental protection work of projects to HEPB.

7.3.3 Executive Institutions

Authorities or Bureaux in Charge of Project Management Authorities or Bureaux in charge of project management at provincial, prefecture and municipal levels are responsible for: * Supplying the financial guarantee; * Providing the design and construction of environmental protection facilities; * Ensuring related technologies of environmental protection measures for project units; and, * Installing macro-management on operation and basic management on environmental protection work of projects. Project Units Project units, or owners of the project), conduct their work under the guidance and management of PMOs at different levels and are responsible for: * Accepting the supervision or monitoring of environmental protection institutions at different levels; * Implementing environmental laws and regulations, and carry out all the environmental protection measures specified by EA, design and environmental protection working plan; * Guaranteeing the normal operation of environmental protection facilities, and conduct self- monitoring through setting up environmental management department and monitoring department, establish pollution files and reporting to top EPBs; * Providing funds for pollution source re-examination or selective examination.

7.4 Equipment and Training Requirements

In order to ensure the implementation of measures, management and monitoring plans described above, environmental protection training is important for the better knowledge of environmental impact and timely response to accidents. The training program covers: environmental laws and regulations, environmental standards, project-related environmental science, attention-getting problems of and control measures, environmental management, etc.

The capital budgets prepared for all HUDP component projects include an allowance for necessary laboratory construction and equipment at the WWTP. An allowance for testing and environmental monitoring costs to be incurred by the utility is also included in the operations budget for the project.

7.5 Impacts and Costs of Plan

HEPRI estimated mitigation measures costs of about 42.6 million Yuna in the construction phase and 9.33 million Yuan in the operation phase, and long-term environmental monitoring costs necessary to

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implement this plan. Long-term is defined annual monitoring required to verify the environmental performance and other operational mitigation measures previously outlined.

Table 7-31 provides HEPRI Implementation Plans for Mitigation Measures and Estimated Cost in Construction and Operation Phases (end of this chapter).

7.6 Long-term Monitoring of the Performance of HUDP

7.6.1 Performance Indicators

Also included in Chapter 7, are proposals for the long term monitoring of the success of the project. The main Performance Indicators are improved flood protection and tourism from the scenic road (PC1), improved quality of the Liuyang River (PC2), improved air quality (PC3), improved logistics service and economic benefit (PC4), and improved tourism (PC6). Other Performance Indicators to be monitored relate to the effective operation of the component engineering works.

7.6.2 Annual Environmental Quality Report

The reconmmended environmental monitoring program is significant in both the construction and initial operation phases of the project. In addition, the specified monitoring involves many participants from the project level to the national level. The results of this environmental monitoring program should be summarised in an Annual Environmental Quality Report (AEQR), which is distributed to all relevant project offices as well as the World Bank. The charts in the beginning of the chapter provide convenient checklists for these reports, as well as the HEPRI recommendations of the previous section. At the beginning of January every year, each project construction unit sorts the relative monitoring data and reports it to Hunan Province Project Office, and Hunan Province Project Office collects the data and reports it to the World Bank every year in the form of an AEQR. PCI

The minimum information that should be reported in the PCI AEQR is shown in Table 7-32. Table 7-32 Minimum PC1 Monitoring Data in Annual Environmental Quality Report

Year ended December 31 Unit 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1. Physical Parameters TO BE COMPLETED

3. Financial Parameters

TO BE COMPLETED _____=

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Year ended December 31 Unit 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

4. Institutional Development Parameters

Days training accomplished Number

TA days input Number

Number of Board meetings Number

Staff recruited Number

Key Action Plan target dates achieved

a) approval of business (A) license (B) Date charter Date

b) appointment of Board Date

c) first Board Meeting Date

d) issue of RfP for TA Date

e) commence TA Date

f) commence training program Date

PC2

The minimum information that should be reported in the PC2 AEQR is shown in Table 7-33.

Table 7-33Minimum PC2 Monitoring Data in Annual Environmental Quality Report

Year ended December 31 Unit 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

1. Phvsical Parameters

Wastewater generated 1000 m3/y

Wastewater collected 1000 m3/y

Wastewater treated 1000 m3/y

3 Wastewater billed 1000 m /y

Sewer connections Number

Length of combined sewers Km

Length of separate sewers Km

Length of interceptor sewers Km

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Year ended December 31 Unit 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Total treatment capacity 1000 m3/d

Capacity of treatment plant 1000 m3/d

Biochem. Oxygen Demand outlet (Nol) Mg/liter

Chemical Oxygen Demand outlet (No 1) Mg/liter

Suspended Solids outlet (No 1) Mg/liter

BOD in the recipient downstream a) Mg/liter

COD in the recipient downstream Mg/liter

SS in the recipient downstream Mg/liter

DO in the recipient downstream b) Mg/liter

E-Coli (triplicate sampling) c) MPN/IOOml

2. Management of Operating Agencies

Agency employees d) Number

Employees/1000 connections Number

3. Financial Parameters_

Average sewerage tariff RMB/m3

Days of account receivable Number

Receivables over billing So

Working ratio =_==_= _ _

Operating Ratio %

Maintenance expenses to total cost of % operations

Contribution to investment %

Debt service coverage Number

Debt equity ratio Number

4. Institutional Development Parameters

Days training accomplished Number

TA days input Number = _

Number of Board meetings Number

Staff recruited Number

Key Action Plan target dates achieved

a) approval of business (A) license (B) Date charter Date

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Year ended December 31 Unit 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

b) appointment of Board Date

c) first Board Meeting Date

d) issue of RfP for TA Date

e) commence TA Date

t) commence training program Date a) BOD, COD, SS, DO and E-Coli in receiving river would be sampled quarterly and the respective progress report would show lowest and highest results b) Dissolved Oxygen c) Applicable methodology (multiple-tube fermentation technique or membrane filter technique), determined at appraisal. d) Excluding casual labourers PC3 The minimum information that should be reported in the PC3 AEQR is shown in Table 7-34. Table 7-34 Minimum PC3 Monitoring Data in Annual Environmental Quality Report

Year ended December 31 Unit 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

1. Physical Parameters

TO BE COMPLETED

2. Management of Operating Agencies

Agency employees d) Number

Employees/1000 connections Number

3. Financial Parameters

RMB/m3

Number

Number

4. Institutional Development Parameters

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 7-24 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Year ended December 31 Unit 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Days training accomplished Number

TA days input Number

Number of Board meetings Number

Staff recruited Number

Key Action Plan target dates achieved

a) approval of business (A) license (B) Date charter Date

b) appointment of Board Date

c) first Board Meeting Date

d) issue of RfP for TA Date

e) commence TA Date

f) commence training program Date

PC4

The minimum information that should be reported in the PC4 AEQR is shown in Table 7-35.

Table 7-35 Minimum PC4 Monitoring Data in Annual Environmental Quality Report

Year ended December 31 Unit 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1. Physical Parameters

TO BE COMPLETED _

2. Management of Operating Agencies

Agency employees d) Number

Employees/1000 connections Number 3. Financial Parameters

4. Institutional Development Parameters

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 7-25 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Year ended December 31 Unit 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Days training accomplished Number

TA days input Number

Number of Board meetings Number

Staff recruited Number

Key Action Plan target dates achieved

a) approval of business (A) license (B) Date charter Date

b) appointment of Board Date

c) first Board Meeting Date

d) issue of RfP for TA Date

e) commence TA Date

f) commence training program Date

PC6 The minimum information that should be reported in the PC6 AEQR is shown in Table 7-36.

Table 7-36Minimum PC6 Monitoring Data in Annual Environmental Quality Report

Year ended December 31 Unit 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1. Physical Parameters TO BE COMPLETED

2. Management of Operating Agencies

Agency employees d) Number

Employees/1000 connections Number 3. Financial Parameters

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 7-26 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Year ended December 31 Unit 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

4. Institutional Development Parameters

Days training accomplished Number

TA days input Number

Number of Board meetings Number

Staff recruited Number

Key Action Plan target dates achieved

a) approval of business (A) license (B) Date charter Date

b) appointment of Board Date

c) first Board Meeting Date

d) issue of RfP for TA Date

e) commence TA Date

t) commence training program Date

7.6.3 Environmental Monitoring Reporting

HEPRI recommended that the projrect city's municipal environmental monitoring stations shall be responsible for collecting and editing environmental monitoring results during both construction period (once a quarter, four times a year) and operation period (once a year) and report the results to HEPB, LEPBs and PPMO. The environmental monitoring report should be made available to the project contractors during the construction period and to the PIUs during the operation period.

In any cases that the environmental monitoring results are found to involve additional adverse impacts that are not anticipated in CEA or component EAs, the environmental monitoring report should propose measures to mitigation the impact. The PIUs should take actions to respons the proposed mitigation measures. When it is necessary, the PMO, EPB should review, approve and allocate additional fund to implement the proposed additional mitigation measures.

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 7-27 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

7.6.4 Access to Data

The public shall have access to the above data on request. The PPMO will prepare an annual report to be submitted to the HPG the HEPB and the World Bank summarising the above results and making recommendations for changes to counteract any weaknesses identified.

Consolidated Environmental Assessment DRAFr 0 7-28 3/B/Februaty 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Figure 7.1 Institutional Framework for HUDP Environmental Management

SEPA World Bank

| HEPB HPPDC

Municpal EPBs PPMO

I~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~F local PMOs df l l (with at least 2 manager officers)

-*0 D z 0 0 <

Environmental Environmental Management Department Environmental Management Supervising [designing & constructing period] Department [operating period] Departments

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 7-29 03/B/February 2004 DRAFr Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Table 7-27 HEPRI EMP Monitoring Plan in the Construction Period

Monitoring Estimated No. Monitoring Unit element Monitoring Points Parameter Sampling Frequencies Yuan/a

Noise Sensitive Point Leq(A) (Once/pro-construction) once per 10,000 month (daytime & night-time) The Municipal AiroConstructing Site TSP (Once/pro-construction) once per 80,000 Environmental Environment Constructig season (7 days) PCI Enirin tspoils Excavated/dredged Heavy metals Monitoring oi Is soilUsediment channelsOnce for each of the 9 flood-relief 40,000 Departments of C,Z,T Wate Once per month (2 days), more when Ambient Water body DO, CODMn, SS, oils quality mons 20,000 Environment ______quality worsens Soil Erosion Construction Processes Erosion type and quantity Once per rain storm (post-rain) 200,000 Noise Sensitive Point Leq(A) (Once/pro-construction) once per 10,000 month (daytime & night-time) Changsha Municipal Air Constructing Site TSP (Once/pro-construction) once per 80,000 PC2 Environmental Environment season (7 days) Monitoring Three time a year (in dry, medium Department Water 100 m downstream of the Wastewater flow, CODcr, and wet season) with two days of 100,000 Environment outfall of WWTP in BOD5, SS, TP, HH3-N effective data. Additional monitorinlg Liuyang River needed when water quality declines Zhuzhou Municipal Noise Sensitive Point Leq(A) (Once/pro-construction) once per 10,000 PC Environmental PC4 Environmental ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~month(daytime & night-time) Monitoring Air Constructing Site TSP (Once/pro-construction) once per 30,000 Department Environment season (7 days) Xiangtan Municipal (Once/pro-construction) once per 10,000 Xiangtvironmental Noise Sensitive Point Leq(A) PC Environmental ______month (daytime.__ & night-time) Monitoring Air TSP (Once/pro-construction) once per 30,000 Department Environment Constructing Site season (7 days) 30,000 Total A 620,000

Consolidated EnvironmienitalAssessmeni 7-30 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project EIlunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Table 7.28 HEPRI EMP Monitoring Plans in the Operating Period

No. Monitoring Unit Categories Monitoring Points Factors Frequencies Estimated cost (yuan/a) Noise Roadside sensitive Leq(A) points Once per season (daytime & night-time) 50,000 The Municipal Air Environment Roadside sensitive TSP, NOx Once per season (7 days) PCI Envir.Monitoring ponts 120,000 Departments of C,Z,T Water Xiangjiang and CODmn, SS, oils Once Dearmno,Z Environment nearby water bodies per season (3 days) 20,000 Soil Erosion Production processes Erosion type 1 ~~ _ _ _ _ and quantity Once per rain ~ ~ ~ ______storn (post-rain) in the 60,000 _first year of operation 6.0 Noise Pump station and site boundary Le()time) Once per 2 months (daytime & night- 30.000 Changsha Municipal Envir. Air Environment Site boundary H2S, NH3, odour Once per season 80,000 PC2 Monitoring Department Water 100 m downstream of Wastewater environment outfall flow, CODmn, Once in dry season, once in medium en vironment of WWTP in BOD5, SS, TP, TN,, NH3-N,, season once in wet Liuyang River coliforms year) season (three times a 50,000 The Project Client Wastewater Influent and effluent Wastewater ______BOD5, flow, CODmn, Once per month (installation SS, TP, TN_, NH3-N,, COD auto-monitor) of flow, 300,000 Zhuzhou Municipal Envir. Noise Site boundary Leg(A) Once per PC4 Monitoring Department month (daytime & night-time) 10,000 Wastewater Influent and effluent Total flow, CODCr, SS, The oils Once per month 20,000 Project Client Radioactivity Goods within bounds Radiant intensity Monitoring according to actual changes 20,000 PC3. . Noise Site boundary Leq(A) Once per 2 month (daytime & night- PC3 10.000 ZhuzhouMonitoring Municipal Envir. Department Waste gases Emission outlet S02, dusts time) and soot Once per season (3 days) 50,000 Wastewater Influent and effluent Total flow, CODCr, BOD5, SS Once per month 30,000 Noise Sensitive points Leq(A) Once per season (daytime & night-time) 10,000 PC6 Xiangtan Municipal Envir. Air Environment The scenic area TSP, S02,NOx Once per season (7 days) Monitoring Department Wastewater 20,000 Influent and effluent Total flow, CODCr, SS, oils Once per month ______(installation of flow and 250,000 ______BOD5 , TP, NIA3-N, COD auto-monitor) Total 1,130,000

Consolidated Environmiilelitai Assessimietit 7-31 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Table 7-31 HEPRI Implementation Plans for Mitigation Measures and Estimated Cost in Construction and Operation Phases

N Environmental Estimated cost Implementation Responsible I Supervising Impact Mitigation Meaures (Yuan) |Institution Department Department CONSTRUCTION PHASE PCI -Select low noise equipment, reinforce maintenance;

-Arrange constructing time in section near Daping elementary school to minimize the impact upon the pupils;

Construction Noise -In residential zone, High noise construction is prohibited in the 50,000 ConstructionrContractor NC BureausCZT Municipal EP night hours; -Place board signing "limit speed, no whistling" along building materials hauling routes passing through residential zones and hospitals.

-The lime, sand and clay mixing sites be located beyond 300m leeward of the prevailing wind of sensitive points; Ensure good performance of mixing devices and install dust catchers; pay attention to labourer protection;

Flying Dusts -The hauling trucks should be cleaned before going out and be 200,000 Construction UNICs CZT Municipal EP covered with tarpaulin, and run at limited speed.

-Carefully select the storage yard with shed, open storing yard should be sprinkled regularly, and construction sites be equipment with a watering cart

-Embankment: during the construction and before slope sides Soil Erosion protection functioning, as design in FSR, a temporary soil 37,761,700 Construction UNICs CZT Municipal EP conservation plan should be worked out plastic film is ,7, Contractor Bureaus recommended to be used to protect soil from erosion.

-Borrow pits: establish runoff drainage system with ditches and sedimentation pond/sand traps; level the finished pits and recover vegetation; re-shape the slope of the finished borrow pits and cover the slope with grassward;

Consolidated Environmental Assessimient 7-32 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Name Environmental Nlitigation Measures Impact Estimated cost Implementation Responsible Supervising (Yuan) Institution Department Department -Backfill the borrow pits with top soil, re-afforestation of the borrow pits and establish permanent drainage and irrigation system.

-Temporary spoil stockyard: locate the stockyard beyond the drinking water sources protection zones and cover the stockyard with plastic film before backfilled

-No contractors campsites, stockyards for building material and spoils are allowed to locate in the drinking water sources protection zones (1000m upstream 200m downstream of the intakes of WTPs;

-The domestic sewage is to treated by temporary septic tanks before discharge, wastewater is to be removed from oils before Surface Water discharge; 50,000 Construction UNICs CZT Municipal EP Pollution -Equipment washing water and concrete wastewater are to be , Contractor Bureaus settled by sedimentation tanks before discharge; -Use as fewer as possible the cement and lime in constructing flood-relief channels to minimise impact on Xiangjiang River water quality;

-Set up sampling points at downstream of intake stations of Municipal WTPs -Implement RAPs; LAR Resettlement -Sign agreement between LAR administration office and residents administration UNICs to be relocated. Offices

-The contractors, project clients and traffic departments work out the temporary traffic program jointly for construction period;

-Keep the hauling routes route away from urban arterial Traffic road; roof Construction UNICs, CZT Disturbance tarpaulin is recommended to be used for transportation vehicles; Municipal 50,000 Contractor PPMO Commua cation

-Set aside convenient sidewalks for local residents; set up warning board and temporary traffic guidance system in sensitive areas.

Conisolidated Environiiereial Assessimient 7-33 DRAFI 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Dcvelopment and Planning Commission

Name Environmental Mitigation Measures Estimated cost Implementation Responsible Supervising Impact (Yuan) Institution Department Department

Demolishing -Install the notice board before demolishing 10,000 Contractor UNICsPM

-All the constructors including the canteen staff are to have . . physical examination before work; CZT Muncipal

Public Health -Medical facilities should be installed in the construction site; 20,000 Construction UNICs, Stations Contractor PPMO -A guarantee of sanitary drinking waters and meals from the canteen staff is needed; -Safety training is also needed.

Solid Waste -Waste slag and domestic garbage be carried away on time by 100,000 Construction UNICs, CZT Municipal enclosed dumpcart. Contractor PPMO Communication ______~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Bureaus -Clauses on cultural relic and ancient trees protection is compulsory to construction contractor and should be specified in

Cultural Relic the bidding document 5,000 Construction UNICs, -Once the valuable cultural relic is found, on-site protection Contractor PPMO measures should be instantly made and notifications to the cultural relic administrations.

Sub-total 38,246,700 PPNICOs,

PC2 -Specify low noise equipment, strengthen equipment maintenance;

-In residential zone, high noise construction is prohibited in the Provincial and Construction Noise night hours. Construction CMSC, Changsha Contractor PPMO Municipal EP -Place board signing "limit speed, no whistling" along building Bureaus materials hauling routes passing through residential zones and hospitals.

-Implement RAPs; PC Resettlement CMSC Resettlement -Sign agreement between LAR administration office and residents Management PPMO to be relocated. Office -For construction of pipelines, pipe-jacking is recommended to Soil Erosion reduce earthwork Construction CMSC, Contractor PPMO -Spoils disposed in timely manner.

Consolidated Environmiiental Assessment 7-34 DRAFT 03/B/Febmary 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Flunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission Environmental Name Impact iigaion easures Estimated cost Implementatinn Responsible Supervising (Yuan) Institution Department Department

-The lime, sand and clay mixing sites be located beyond 300m leeward of the prevailing wind of sensitive points; Ensure good performance of mixing devices and install dust catchers; pay attention to labourer protection; Provincial and Flying Dusts -The hauling trucks should be cleaned before going out and be 250,000 Construction CMSC, Changsha covered with tarpaulin, and run at limited speed. Contractor PPMO Muniicipal EP Bureaus -Carefully select the storage yard with shed, open storing yard should be sprinkled regularly, and construction sites be equipment with a watering cart

-The domestic sewage is to treated by temp septic tanks before Provincial Surface Water and discharge, wastewater is to be removed from oils before discharge; 10,000 Pollution Construction CMSC, Changsha Contractor PPMO Municipal -Equipment washing water and concrete wastewater are EP to be Bureaus settled by sedimentation tanks before discharge;

-The contractors, project clients and traffic departments work out the temporary traffic program jointly for construction period;

-Keep the hauling routes route away from urban arterial road; roof Changsha Traffic Disturbance tarpaulin is recommended to be used for transportation vehicles; Construction CMSC, Municipal Contractor PPMO Communication -Pipe-jacking is recommended in arterial roads. BUTeau

-Set aside convenient sidewalks for local residents; set up warning board and temporary traffic guidance system in sensitive areas.

Changsha Demolishing -Install the notice board before demolishing Construction CMSC, Municipal 10,000 Contractor PPMO Construction Bureau -All the constructors including the canteen staff are to have 20,000 Public Health physical examination before work; Construction CMSC, Changsha Contractor PPMO Municipal Health& Quarantine Station -Medical facilities should be installed in the construction site;

Consolidated Environmiiental Assessitmetit 7-35 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Environmental . . a. Estimated cost Implementation Responsible Supervising Name Impact Mitigation Measures (Yuan) Institution Department Department

-A guarantee of sanitary drinking waters and meals from the canteen staff is needed; -Safety trainings are also needed. Sub-total 290,000

-Specify low noise equipment, strengthen equipment maintenance; Construction HZCCC, Zhuzhou Municipal Construction Noise -Place board signing "limit speed, no whistling" along building Contractor PPMO EP Bureau materials hauling routes passing through residential zones and hospitals.

PC3 -The hauling trucks should be cleaned before going out and be covered with paulin, and run at limited speed. Construction HZCCC, Zhuzhou Municipal Flying Dusts -Carefully select the storage yard with shed, open storing yard 50,000 Contractor PPMO EP B Mreau should be sprinkled regularly, and construction sites be equipment with a watering cart

Surface Water -Domestic sewage is treated by septic tank before discharge. Construction HZCCC, Zhuzhou Municipal [Pollutcion Contractor PPMO EP Bureau Sub-total 50,000

-Specify low noise equipment, strengthen equipment maintenance; Construction HZCCC, Zhuzhou Municipal Construction Noise -Place board signing "limit speed, no whistling" along building Contractor PPMO EP Bureau materials hauling routes passing through residential zones and hospitals.

-The hauling trucks should be cleaned before going out and be PC4 covered with tarpaulin, and run at limited speed. Construction HZCCC, Zhuzhou Municipal Flying Dusts -Carefully select the storage yard with shed, open storing yard 50,000 Contractor PPMO EP Bureau should be sprinkled regularly, and construction sites be equipment with a watering cart

Surface Water -Domestic sewage is treated by septic tank before discharge. Construction HZCCC, Zhuzhou Municipal Pollution -Domestic sewage is treated by septic tank before discbarge. 5,000 Contractor PPMO EP Bureau

Solid Waste -Waste slag and domestic garbage be canTied away on time by Construction HZCCC, Zhuzhou Municipal SololidatedWasteienclosed dumnpcart. 2770Contractor PPMO EP Bureau

Consolidated Environlmelital Assessmient 7-36 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Name Environmental Mitigation Measures Name____ Impact Estimated cost Implementation Responsible Supervising (Yuan) Institution Department Department Sub-total 82,700

-Avoid man-made, urbanised and commercial features of the Soil Erosion scenic area by strict control of artificial buildings; Soil Erosion 3,768,000 Construction ZTTDC, Xiangtan Municipal ~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~PPMO ~~~~~~~ContractorGardens Bureau -Increase forest coverage

-Specify low noise equipment, strengthen equipment maintenance;

Construction Noise -Place board signing "limit Construction ZTTDC, Xiangtan Municipal speed, no whistling" along building Contractor PPMO EP Bureau materials hauling routes passing through residential zones and hospitals.

-The hauling trucks should be cleaned before going out and be covered with paulin, and run at limited speed. Flying Dusts -Carefully select the storage yard with shed, open storing yard 50,000 Contractor PPMO EP Bureau should be sprinkled regularly, and construction sites be equipment PC6 with a watering cart Surface Water -Domestic sewage is treated by septic tank before discharge. 5,000 Construction Pollution ZTTDC, Xiangtan Municipal Contractor PPMO EP Bureau SolidWaste -Waste slag and domestic garbage be carried Solid Waste enclosed dumpcart. away on time by 100,000 Construction ZTTDC, Xiangtan Municipal Contractor PPMO EP Bureau -Implement RAPs; PC Resettlement ZTTDC Resettlement -Sign agreement between LAR administration office and residents Management PPMO to be relocated. Office -Culture relic and ancient trees protection is compulsory to construction contractor; Construction Cultural Relic -Once the valuable cultural ZTTDC, relic is found, on-site protection 10,000 Contractor PPMO measures should be instantly made and notifications to the cultural relic administrations.

Sut-total 3,933,000 Total in Construction Phase 42,602,400

Consolidated Environmental Assessimienit 7-37 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Environmental i MeEstimated cost Implementation Responsible Supervising Impact (Yuan) Institution Department Department OPERATION PIHASE

-The water resources department should make real time monitoring Provincial Water Pvc Flood on the water level; once the flood intensity is higher than the Resource Provnmcial designed flood control capacity, flood water should be spilled to in Bureau Government unshielded polders to safeguard the embankment.

-Vehicles run at limited speed and with no whistles in sensitive zones; Provincial and CZT Noise -Reinforce noise monitoring, take timely measures once noise 300,000 (UDICs) Municipal EP exceeds the standard; Bureaus PCI -Strengthening maintenance of road surface.

Outfalls Provincial Provincial and CZT -Renovate outfalls 800,000 PIU (UDICs) ovinm Municipal EP Goverment Bureaus Solid Waste -Install garbage bins at roadsides; garbage collected should be 300,000 PIU (UDICs) CZT Municipal hauled to the transfer everyday at fixed time. Sanitation Bureaus Tail Gas -Vehicles with tail gas exceeding the standard are not permitted on the scenic road.

Accident Risk -Set up an emergency headquarters to implement emergency action plan. 500,000 PIU (UDICs)

Sub-total 1,900,000 -Strengthen the management on pipelines and pump station in the PC2 Overflow in service area; minimise impact of other utilities construction Wastewater activities on the sewer by good coordination among agencies 50,000 Changshanyuan CMSC Collecting System concerned. WWTP and Pump station -Once leakage or overflow occurs, repairing and cleaning should be practiced immediately. Surface Water -Sedimentation wells need to be included in design for pump 250,000 Changshanyuan CMSC Provincial and Pollution stations; WWTP Changsha

Consolidated Enviroiinmental Assessment 7-38 DRAFI 03/H/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Name Environmental Mitigation Measures Impact g Estimated cost Implementation Responsible Supervising (Yuan) Institution Department Department

-Strengthen the management by setting up the Municipal EP "job description" Bureaus system, periodically monitor the influent to ensure a influent quality does go beyond the design criteria.

-Set up online monitoring devices at the discharge port;

-Set up accident handling tank to avoid untreated wastewater being discharged directly into Liuyang River.

-Treat odour by deodorization equipment and dosing deodorant; Atmospheric Provincial and 600,000 Pollution Changshanyuan CMSC Changsha WWTP -Strengthen the greening and set protection Municipal EP distance of 300 meters. Bureaus -Specify low noise equipment; Provincial and Noise -Install sound insulator and vibration absorber noisy equipment 500,000 WWTP CMSC Changlsha houses. Bureaus -Dewatered and digested sludge is to be hauled enclosed vehicles to landfill site at Wangcheng Heimifeng for sanitary landfill disposal; Provincial and Sludge 600,000 Changshanyuan CMSC -It is recommended that after the WWTP is put into normal Changsha WWTP Municipal EP operation, the study of features of sludge by series of analysis Bureaus should be made to find the optimal disposal ways.

Provincial and Accident Risk -Set up an emergency treatment team. 500,000 Changshanyuan CMSC Municipal EP Bureaus Sub-total 2,500,000

PC3 Industrial Dust Following treatment measures are to be adopted PC3Inustria Dust control: for dust and soot 1 HZC Provincial 10800HCCZhuzhou Municipaland EP Bureaus -the crushers and classifers should be equipped with 8 dust catchers, the crusher stack must be 24 meter high at least;

Consolidated Enviroiuinental Assessimienit 7-39 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Environmental . . a. Name IMitigaton Measures Estimated cost Implementation Responsible Supervising (Yuan) Institution Department Department

-loading and unloading of raw coal in the coal pit has dust removed by sprinkling, the coal slurry be recycled as raw coal; ventilation utilities are used in belt conveyor and unloading storehouses to improve working conditions;

-the dry dust from CWM is to be treated by bag dust collector, and then emitted via chimney of 15m high;

-the boiler should use CWM as flue, boiler gases are to be treated by water film dust catcher and emitted via chimneys of 35m high;

-restoration and upgrading of old dust catchers in existing No. 2 workshop;

-periodical water elutriation of workshop ground.

-A wastewater treatment tank with a treatment capacity of 65m3/h has been in operation since 1991 and has been keeping good performance. The thrice sedimentation and filtration techniques are Surface Water used and the existing treatment process is able to Provincial and treat production HZCCC Zhuzhou Municipal Pollution wastewater from PC3 component to meet the standard. EP Bureaus

-The domestic sewage flow is small; it is discharged into the drainage pipe after being treated by septic tanks. -Specify low noise equipment; Provincial and Noise -Install sound insulator and vibration absorber in noisy equipment 200,000 HZCCC Zhuzhou Municipal houses (esp. the crusher house) EP Bureaus -Coal refuse is to be stored in the coal refuse yard where Provincial and Solid Waste renovation is necessary (by open runoff drainage ditches and 1,150,000 HZCCC Zhuzhou Municipal building retaining walls; EP Bureaus

-Commitment from HZCCC: not to sale coal refuse to individuals for baking bricks who has no emission control facilities to avoid potential secondary SO2 fugitive emission

-Boiler's slag is to be used to pave road;

Consolidated Environimleiital Assessiiernl 7-40 DRAFF 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Environmental Name . .s. Estimated cost Implementation Responsible Supervising Impact gation Measures (Yuan) Institution Department Department

-Study of multi-purpose utilisation of coal refuse (hoped by HZCCC to be included into TA package

Accident Risk -Set up an emergency treatment team. 500,000 HZCCC Zhuzhou Municipal -Procure radioactivity analyzer EP Burcau Sub-total 2,928,000

-Fully reclaim the casing materials and metallic castoff; Provincial and Solid Waste 27,700 CZTICL Zhuzhou Municipal -Haul unrecoverable solid waste to garbage transfer station timely EP Bureaus by enclosed dumpcart. PC4 Surface Water -Collect and convey wastewater by pipeline (about I km long) to Provincial and Pollution existing Xiawan WWTP to meet the standard before discharge; 621,100 CZTICL Zhuzhou Municipal EP Bureaus Accident Risk -Set up an emergency treatment team. 500,000 CZTICL Sub-total 1,148,800 Surface Water -The faccal sewage is to be treated in ecological toilets, the Xiangtan Municipal Pollution domestic sewage by tiny wastewater treatment system, to meet the 800,000 ZTTDC EP Bureau standard. PC6 Solid Waste -Install garbage bins; garbage collected should be carried to the 50,000 ZTTDC Xiangtan Municipal SolidWaste transfer station timely Sanitation Bureau

Tail Gas -Use 'environmental-friendly' vehicles and cleaner fuel. ZTTDC EP BureaunP

Sub-total 850,000 Total in Operation Phase 9,326,800

Conisolidaied Enivironimllental Assesstiicilt 7-41 DR.AFr 03/YBFebruay 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

8 Public Process and EA Public Participation

In the Law on Environmental Impact Assessment of the People's Republic of China, which was effective on September 1, 2003, it is stipulated that relevant agencies, specialists and public are encouraged to take proper approaches to participate environmental impact assessment. It is also required in the law that for those construction projects requiring the preparation of EIA report, the PIUs are required to consult with relevant agencies, specialists and public in forms of workshop, hearing or others before the project EIA report approval. Guidelines were issued in 1993 in a paper issued jointly by: * The State Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) * The State Planning Commission * The Peoples Bank of China The full title of the document is as follows:

* "Circular on strengthening the management of environmental impact assessments for projects to be supported by loans from the international financing agencies" This document includes a section covering public participation, which has been informally translated as follows:

Public participation is an important part of environmental impacts assessment. Particular sections should be included within the EA report covering the interests of the public and social institutions including information on compensation. Public participation can take place during the stages of reviewing an Assessment Outline and reviewing the EA report. In accordance with present procedures in China, the following methods can be used:

The Construction Unit and the Environmental Authority can listen to the opinions of the County/District members, representatives of People's Committees, associations of the public, students, residents and villagers.

Ask for opinions and suggestions from the public at or near the site of the project. The above work can be done by issuing public opinion surveys, inviting discussions, meetings or invitations to take part in the checking and reviewing meetings of assessment outlines and reports. The concerned authorities should take fully into consideration of the public views and feedback to the construction unit, when checking Assessment Outlines and Reports.

8.1 Meetings with Public Officials in Developing Project and EA

There have been many meetings during the project preparation phase of HUDP with city PMOs, utility companies, city EPBs and other city organisations to discuss the proposed projects and environmental assessments. These meetings have occurred monthly at a minimum and have resulted in full collaboration with local officials and full support of the project and the EA process. The many meetings with public officials in the province coupled with the HEPRI surveys of public support show that these projects are extremely positive and well received by the public. No objections have been received by the city PlUs and there is no indication that there is anyone that is not in support of these projects or would.try to stop their completion.

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 8-1 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

8.2 Consultation of Public Officials and Citizens in Project Area

8.2.1 Objectives

The public participation of this project was carried out by HEPRI under the principle of 'people- centered project for social development'. By considering the integrated social and economic benefit, HEPRI consulted with the project-related residents of how and what they feel about and suggest for this project. Figure 8.1 provides some photographs of some of the public consultation

The details of this consultation included: * Comprehension of environmental problem of construction project, * Original life quality of the project-related people, especially those resettled, * Obtain attitudes towards and suggestions for this project, after introduction of the project content and features, and to * Put forward requirement on behalf of the project-related people During the preparation of the Component EA reports, the EA institutes for the five project components had already completed the respective public consultation tasks. This consisted mainly in the form of door-to-door visits; and according to the project features and the World Bank policies, a second phase is required. Therefore, the project team carried out the second phase of public consultation task in the form of public meetings at the end of the year 2003, and recorded their opinions and suggestions.

8.2.2 PC1

Phlase I The EA project team of PCI distributed 100 questionnaires, and received back all of them. The statistics of the questionnaires showed, the interviewees knew little about this project, and were not satisfied with present environment status of the project area. As to the project impact, the responses indicated different opinions, but still it was generally believed that construction of this project would improve the life quality and social environment, facilitate the development of tourism, create economic benefit and job opportunities. Therefore, though the interviewees had limited knowledge about the details of the project, they all showed support for this project. Some of them were highly concerned about land acquisition and resettlement; as to pollutions like tail gases and noise, and they expressed strong opinions. Phlase 2 The HUDP CEA project team of HEPRI carried out Phase 2 in mid-October 2003 in the combined form of public meetings and door-to-door visits. The participants were mainly from the resettlement areas, and some were from Yangmei Island of Xiangtan. From these meetings, HEPRI believed that the participants understood the significance of this project in flood control, regional development and environmental optimisation. No one objected to this project, but some residents and principals of the administrative department said, the compensation was too low, and destination of resettlement was not clear. Table 8-1 provides the participants' roll call in the public meeting:

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 8-2 DRAFF 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Table 8-1 Participant List of Public Meeting in PC1 (Phase 2), Oct 18th, 2003

Names Gender DutyliPost Degree of Work Unit ______~~~Branching Technical Zhengliang, Yi M Secretary Secondary Donghu Management Office School Technical Daqi, Feng M Vice Secretary Secondary Donghu Management Office School Jiangqiao, Shen M Vice Director Junior College Donghu Management Office Puyun, Hu F Senior High Daping Residents' Committee Guoqiang, Liu M / Daping Residents' Committee Vice Director of Heng, Lei F Agricultural Senior High Songshan Road Management Office Management School Office Liang, Tian M Director of Arm Junior College Forces Songshan Road Management Office Guibin, Xiang M Vice Director Undergraduate Songshan Road Urban Course______Management Office Bin, Lei M Junior College Songshan Road Management Office Qiaozhen, Teng F Vice Director Junior College Daling Residents' Committee Huizhen, Wang F Worker Senior High Binjiang Management Office ______S cho ol B n i n a a e e t O f c Dashan, Chen M Director Junior College Jiayuan Residents' Committee Yu, Yang M Secretary Junior College Taishan Road Management Office Pan. Wang M Vice Director Junior College Jinshu Residents' Committee Guanghui, M Vice Director Junior High Tanjiachong Management Office Huang School Yamin, Tan M SchoolJuni Straight Road of Yangmei Island Jun, Zeng M Director Junior College Yangmei Island Residents' Committee

They put forward many practical suggestions, among which are: * Constructing it into a scenic road integrated with environmental, gymnastic and recreational functions, * Timely disclosure of resettlement plans, * Discharge of wastes along the scenic road, especially of solid wastes, should be managed carefully,

* Garbage transfer station suggested to be build around Yangmei Island, * Start working as soon as possible, for this project has tremendous social benefit.

8.2.3 PC2

Phase I

The component EIA team made door-to-door visits to the project-related people around the construction site. A total of 40 questionnaires were put out and received back. The opinions and suggestions recorded from the questionnaires include following aspects: * Most of the people agreed that this project is necessary as it will improve the water quality of Xiangjiang and Liuyang River and enhance the life quality of people,

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 8-3 DRAFT 03/B/Februarv 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

* Some people think the WWTP might pollute the nearby environment, * Residents within the resettlement plan asked for a timely and better, at least equivalent re- housing upon having their houses removed, * Most of the visited hope for the completion of this project to be as soon as possible, to improve the river water quality at an early date, and to avoid bringing trouble to people in the period of construction. The results of the Phase I public consultation indicated that the project was supported by most of the people. Phlase 2 The HEPRI CEA project team made door-to-door visits to the people around the project site at the end of October of 2003. A total of 20 questionnaires are put out and received back. The results are shown in Table 8-2: Table 8-2 Results of the PC2 Phase 2 Questionnaires Questions Results Percentages Support Objection Opinion Rate of Support of Polls ______Reserved 60% 20% 20% Construction of this Project is Percentages The STATE Collective Individuals in the interest of of Polls 80% 10% 10% Do you have objections to the Percentages Yes No Opinion reserved resettlement of Polls 65% 15% 20% Conditioned Obedience to resettlement Percentages 35 Obedience no Iof Polls 35% 160% 15%

What kind of pollution are you Percentages Noise Exhaust Gas Wastewater Solid Wastes concerned about? of Polls 75% / 25% I

At the time of the survey, the RAP was not yet finalised for PC2. However, 13 people were discontented with resettlement. One of them refused to move; and at the thought of possible impact on investment attraction in this region, and underpaid compensation; some of the residents opposed to the project or suggest that it should be moved to another location. Since the RAP was finished, it is noted that the resettlement area is only for an area of 150m around the proposed WWJTP. The CEA had recommended a Protection Area (for noise and odour control) of 300m, but the City apparently received a waiver from the Provincial EPB for only a 150m protection area due to the sources of odor (mainly from aeration tank, sludge treatment zone) away from the administration office building and boundary with certain distance. The full 300m area around the WWTP would necessitate additional relocations, and will likely be needed when the Phase II WWTP is constructed.

8.2.4 PC3

Plhase I

The Component EA team used a questionnaire process for the Phase 1 public consultation. A total of 23 questionnaires were distributed and received back. The results are shown in Table 8-3:

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 8-4 DRAFT 03/B/Februarv 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Table 8-3 Results of the PC3 Phase 1 Questionnaires Questions Polls (per centage) Rate of Support Support (91%) Objection (4%) No Response (4%) Regional Primary Exhaust Gas W t (2) Nie304)Solid Pollution (69.6%) Wastewater (22%) Noise (30.4%) Wastes(22%) Advantageous Disadvantageous No Response Impact upon Individual (56.5%) (21.7%) (21.8%) The most important is Economic benefit Environmetal The most______(8.7%) benefit (91.3%) No Response Impac onEnvionIncreasing Reducing Having Limited Impact on Environment pollution (17.4%) pollution (43.5%) impact (39.1%)

The Component EA for PC3 drew the following conclusions from these surveys: * It will improve the enterprise's economy, increase the income of employees, provide more job opportunities,

* The project client should strengthen the environmental management, control of emission of wastes, especially the dust during transportation, and technical, moral training of staff, to minimise the impact,

* The integrated utilisation measures of gangue should be constructed simultaneously with the main works;

* The usage of cleaner coal should be as sooner as possible to protect regional atmosphere. Phase 2

The HEPRI CEA team held a public meeting in the conference room of ZCWP on November 8h' of 2003, with about 20 people participating. They included workers from nearby enterprises, govemment officials and self-employed labourers. Table 8-4 provides the attendance list of this meeting:

Table 8-4 Participants List of PC3 Phase 2 Public Meeting, Nov, 8th, 2003

Name Gender DutyllPost Degree of Work Unit Branching Changgen, Liu M Worker Senior High School Zhuzhou Thermal Power Plant Sihua, Li F Worker Junior High School Zhuzhou Bridge Factory Zhengjun, Ma M Worker Technical High Tianxin Vehicles Plant School______Bin. Hu M Worker Senior High School HZCCC Huan, Yu M Junior College Zhuzhou Thermal Power Plant Li, Li F Senior High School Residents of Jinpanling Yuanli, Liu M Junior College Zhuzhou Glass Plant Guoguang, Zhou F Technical High Nearby Resident ______~~~School Xiangyun. Zhou m Undergraduate No.2 *Xiangyun, Zhou M Undergraduate ZhuzhouMunicipal Taxation Bureau of Jianzhong, Zhou M Junior College Business Man Guangtian, Li M Senior High School Jinpanling Residents' Commitee Liang, Hu M Senior High School Jinpanling Farm Product Market Yun, Wang M Worker Senior High School Zhuzhou Bridge Factory Songlin, Wang F Senior High School Tianxin Vehicles Plant

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From the meeting, HEPRI determined that the main concerns related to pollutants in the project area involved traffic noise and flying dust. The participants clearly knew the direct and long-term benefit on social and economic environment. However, some of them said, the most annoying pollution in fact is flying dust from transportation of materials, and they hope this could be solved by construction of this project.

8.2.5 PC4

Plhase I

The project Component EA team visited with the public twice since last September and distributed 25 questionnaires. Table 8-5 provides the results of this questionnaire:

Table 8-5 Results of the PC4 Phase 1 Questionnaires Questions Polls / percenta ge Is the project necessary? Polls and Necesa Unnecessary Percentage 25/100% 0 How will it affect your life? Polls and Favourable Adverse No Response Percentage 22 / 88% 0 3 /12% What do you care in this Polls and Environmental Economic / project? Percenta,'_ Benefit project? Percentage 16 / 64% 9Benefit / 36% 0 What kind of pollution are Polls and Noise Air Water Solid you concerned about? Percentage 9 / 36% 2 / 8% 14/56% 0 Do you agree with Polls and Agree Disagree construction of this project Percentage 25/100% 0

The Component EA team indicated that the results indicate that local residents welcome this project. Many other opinions and suggestions were recorded, among which the most prominent suggestions included the following: * There should be strict control measures of noise. * Efforts should be made to control wastewater pollution. Phase 2

The HEPRI CEA project team carried out Phase 2 public consultation on Nov, 8'h of 2003 in the form of public meeting with 15 participants. Most of the participants came from the resettlement area and administrative department. Table 8-6 provides the list of participants:

Table 8-6 Participants List of PC4 Phase 2 Public Meeting, Nov, 8th 2003

Gender DutyllPost Name BranchingDegree of Work Unit Zhengjun, Liu M Director Junior College Xiangshi Village, Baima Town Xiaoming, LIU F Farming Junior High Xiangshi Village, Baima Town School Fuwen, Liu M / Zhushan Village, Baima Town Zhengxing, Yuan M Senior High Dingshan Team, Zhushan Village, Baima School Town Xiang, Feng M Worker Senior High Zhuzhou Steel Plant School

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Gender Dutyllpost Degree of Work Unit Name Branching Guohua, Zhou M Junior High Dingshan Team, Zhushan Village, Baima School Town Donghai. Cai M Senior High Zhuzhou Municipal Water Plant School Fen, Zhang M Director Undergraduate Consolidated Office of Zhuzhou Modem Logistic Center Yumin, Dai M Vice Undergraduate Environment & Security Department of Department Xiangjiang Nitrogenous Fertilizer Corp. Director

The participants indicated that the existing pollution came from the railway noise and exhaust gases by the Xiangjiang Nitrogenous Fertiliser Corp. Since the nearby residents were accustomed to the railway noise, knew well of the project information, and the payment of compensation is directly put out to the resettled with transparency, most of the residents showed support for this project. One or expressed concern over the resettlement payment amount. Therefore, the Component EA concluded that the PC4 component has a sound social basis.

8.2.6 PC6

Plhase I

According to the World Bank requirement, the Component EIA team consulted the public at twice during the works of EIA outline and report. The comparative consultation results of 40 door-to-door visits and a public meeting of 10 persons indicated that the people had a better knowledge of the project than that in the first consultations. Most of them thought of it as advantageous to facilitate the urban economic development and protection of the eco-environment around the scenic area. Phase 2

The HEPRI CEA team of HUDP held a public meeting outside a resident's house inside the Zhaoshan Scenic Area on Nov 18th, 2003. A total of 19 individuals participated, and Table 8-7 provides the attendance list:

Table 8-7 Participants List of PC6 Phase 2 Public Meeting, Nov, 8th 2003

Name Gender DutyllPost Branchin Work Unit

Guowen. Xie M Farming Junior High Zhaoshan Team of Zhaoshan Village School Xianbin, Zeng F Farming Junior High Zhaoshan Team of Zhaoshan Village School Yungeng, Zeng F Farming Senior High Zhaoshan Team of Zhaoshan Village ______~~~School ______Hnawen, Zhang M Business The Fishery Association of Yijiawan Town Zengmei, Xie F Fishery The Fishery Association of Yijiawan Town Ximin, Xie M Teaching Cuollege Zhaoshan Town

Juying, Xie F Junior High Zhaoshan Village Commitee Xianglin, Xiao M Fishery The Fishery Association of Yijiawan Town Jiezheng, Yan M Head of Team Zhaoshan Team of Zhaoshan Village Junior Jianqiao, Zuo M Vice Director College The Project Client

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 8-7 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Name Gender DutyllPost Degree of Work Unit Branching Hailiang, Xiao F Business School Yijiawan Town Qixiang, Jiang M Head of Team Zhaoxia Team of Zhaoshan Village Jianfu, Yi M Fishery The Fishery Association of Yijiawan Town

HEPRI indicated that the meeting indicated that, for the present life mode of residents was known as. Iwhere we live in, where we live by', which means the existing natural resources such as fish in Xiangjiang, ground waters and tourism are capable of their life support. There was a lack of detailed knowledge of the proposed project and they knew little about how the resettlement works to ensure their better life quality.

8.2.7 RAP Public Participation

During the preparation and drafting process of the RAP, the participation of local governments and resettled and host commrlunities was actively sought. From June to August 2003, socio-economic surveys for the purpose of LAR were conducted. The Component EAs, including the Changsha Urban Construction Investment Development Co., Ltd., Zhaoshan Tourism and Trade Development General Company, Xiangtan Urban Construction Investment Development Company, Zhuzhou Urban Construction Investment Operation Co, Ltd., all took part.

During the process of RAP preparation, officers of the city resettlement offices, together with the technical institution, went to the affected communities to hold consultation meetings with the PAPs for their comments and suggestions. The RAP indicated that women have enjoyed the same rights as their male counterparts. They have participated and will participate in the activities in the various stages, and have played an important role in public consultations on resettlement approaches and options.

PC] CorridorComponent

For the Corridor Project, the public participation and consultation exercises have shown:

* All of the PAPs expressed general support to the project. * Over 90% of the families to be relocated think that the project will have a very significant impact on them.

* In the urban districts, 87% of the relocated families prefer cash compensation and are willing to purchase houses by themselves; and the remaining 13% prefer property right exchange under the arrangement of the government. They demand that the house area to be the same before and after relocation.

* In rural counties, 98% of the resettled families are willing to dismantle and build their houses by themselves and hope the government will arrange for the resettlement site. The remaining 2% prefer property right exchange.

* In terms of affected enterprises/businesses, 86% of the urban families who will lose employment demand the provision of resettlement subsidies and seek employment by themselves; and 14% hope that the government can provide them with employment. In rural areas, 15.3% of those losing farmland as means of production ask for cash compensation; 89% ask for land adjustment; and 11% want to engage in 2nd and 3rd industry by training.

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 8-8 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

PC2 Changsha Wastewater Component

For the Changsha Wastewater Component, the public participation and consultation exercises are summarised as follows:

* All of the PAPs expressed general support to the project. * Over 94% of the families to be relocated think that the project will have a very significant impact on them.

* About 98% of the resettled families are willing to dismantle and build their houses by themselves and hope the government will arrange for the resettlement site. The remaining 2% prefer property right exchange.

* In terms of affected enterprises/businesses, 53% of the urban families who will lose employment demand the provision of resettlement subsidies and seek employment by themselves; and 47% want to engage in 2nd and 3rd industry by training and wish the government provide them with employment opportunities. PC3 Clean Coal No relocations are required. PC4 CZT Logistics Centre Component

For the CZT Logistics Centre Component, the public participation and consultation exercises have shown that:

* All resettled families were supportive to the project.

* 71.6'% of the respondents believe the project will have a significant impact, 15.2% insignificant impact and 5.8% very insignificant impact. * In terms of resettlement options, 43% wish to take cash compensation and purchase the house on their own, and 57% wish to accept government-sponsored house-for-house resettlement.

* In terms of production rehabilitation, 3.8% of the surveyed families opt for land adjustment in the original village, 80.8% ask for employment opportunities for their family members and 15.4% hope for cash compensation and find employment on their own.

PC6. Zlzaoshan Scenic Area Conmponent

For the Zhaoshan Scenic Area Component, the public participation and consultation exercises have discovered that:

* All surveyed households expressed support to the project. * 78.1% of the respondents believe that the project will have a significant impact, 15.6% insignificant impact, and 6.3% very insignificant impact.

* In terms of resettlement options, 14.5% prefer resettlement in the original community of residence, 75.8% ask for centralized resettlement, and 9.7% other options.. * In terms of production rehabilitation, 11% opt for land adjustment in the original village, 85% prefer engagement in second and third industries, and 4% select land reclamation and other options. Plan for Future Public Participation

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For all the component projects, the relevant agencies have incorporated the comments and suggestions from the public participation and consultation exercises into the design of the resettlement program, and in the selection of resettlement and production rehabilitation options.

In order to address the problems and needs of the PAPs properly and timely regarding land acquisition and resettlement, further consultations with the PAPs will continue so that all issues may be addressed prior to the start of construction and the implementation of the RAP. Meetings will be arranged by the LAR executing agencies, as appropriate. Each affected household will have the opportunity to negotiate the compensation contract that will be signed with the respective LAR executing agencies.

8.2.8 Summary of Investigation and Analysis of Pubic Consensus

Most of the project-related people and organisations have obtained correct knowledge about the significance of the project and impact upon the environment, and know clearly about how these projects would hasten the development of State, regional and individual economy.

According to the project features, the environmental problems which these projects might produce are relatively small; and for the environmental assessment and designing department have taken various impact factors into account and put forward relevant prevention and control measures before construction, problems will be solved as long as these measures are put into practice. In order to win more widespread comprehension and support from the people, HEPRI recommends that project proponents pay attention to the following problems during the design and construction period:

* Provide closer contact with local government and people, adopt the public's reasonable, feasible suggestions on time, to bring more economic and social benefit and reduce the possible adverse impact.

* Resettlement plans should be made as early as possible; the resettled should have the rights to participate in layout plans, and to select their most satisfactory one, by getting door-to- door visits or meetings of representatives they put forward. Never put aside opinions from the vulnerable groups.

* Prepare for the impact of resettled upon the destination area. As resettlement will cause the increase of requirement on land, water sources and social service, consider to further consummate the infrastructure facility construction. * As construction of PC3 will further increase the dust and noise impact upon the roadside resident, it is the minimum requirement to have environmental trainings for staff and careful maintenance on vehicles; and, it is suggested that the project client help the local government to manage and maintain the road. Tables 8-8 to 8-12 provide details of the public consultation process.

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Table 8-8: PC1 Corridor Component Public Consultation

Substance By whom and witli whom When Where What World Bank Results Requirements Interview during Local residents, village committees, June to Four sections Environmental policies OD 4.30 and OP 4.01 Environmental policies are uniderstood, field social Component EA team, PlUs (including August, of corridor awareness, collection of background information are collected economic CIDCs of Changsha, 7huzhou and 2003 information from local survey and first Xiangtan, ZTTDC), officers of PMO and govemment agencies public meetings resettlement office

RAP outline PlUs, leaders of township offices, June to Four sections Resettlement policy OD 4.30 and OP 4.12 Principally agreed with resettlement policies; consultation representatives of villages and families to August, of corridor awareness; collection of Determined various compensation criteria. be resettled, staff of PMO and 2003 infonmation on local resettlement offices, and representatives govemments and families to of urban construction, departments of be resettled; Soliciting land administration and agriculture. comments and suggestions on compensation criteria, resettlement and land acquisition

Draft EA TOR HUEIAC EA team, local residents and End August Zhuzhou, Distribution of questionnaires OP4.01: consultation Peoples interviewed are principally consultation enterpnises to be affected - early Zhaoshan and (103 copies) and key EA and durng TOR stage (their supportive and felt their understandable to September, Changsha RAP messages in bullet point work done before OP potential noise, dust, vehicle exhaust gas 2003 sections of the format requirement) emission that may generate by the scenic corridor road though a few people concenied about EA consultation HUEIAC EA team, local residents and Mid Zhuzhou, Distribution of OP4.01: further the land acquisition, houses demolishing and enterprisesaffectedtn to be October,. he sugete tht he roec enterprises to be affected October XZhaoshan,and questionnaires (100 copies) consultation with resettlement. They suggested that the project 2003 Changsha and feedback concems of PAPs and NGOs should not underestimated for environmental sections of the public to environment issues prior to finalization protection and safety coridor .of draft report

Final EA Local residents living along the river Mid Zhuzhou Visiting and discussion the OP4.01: further Public are aware of the positive impact of the section, corridor component on promoting regional consultation bank, resident living on Yangmei Islet, November, yngm'ei islet affected people (28 persons) to consultation with development, improving flood control level HEPRI (consolidated EA) team, 2003 further solicit comments and PAPs and NGOs and improved recreational and landscape. 7huzhou-UDIC suggestions; Distribution of prior to finalization Public suggested: project information and draft of draft report cover ntegratmponent be desgned to EA and RAP in second public environmental rotection. health buildinm

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 8-1 1 DRAFI 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Developmcnt and Planning Commission

Substance By whom and with whom When Where What World Bank Restilts Requirements meetings environmenital protectioni, liealth building and recreation. - RAP be disclosed to the public prior to implementation. More attention he paid on wastewater discharging outfalls to the river. - Residents on Yangmci islet hopes to improve domestic solid waste management service. - The project be quickly constructed to results its positive environmental impact. Final RAP City Resettlerment Offices; design Jul-Aug Project Soliciting comments and OP 4.12 Principally supportive units: local govemments; 2003 affected suggestions on resettlement representatives of families to be areas and livelihood rehabilitation resettled

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Table 8-9: PC2, Changsha Wastewater Component Public Consultation

Substance By whom and with When Where What World Bank Results whom Requirements Interview during field HEPRI EA team, April 2004 Xilong village, Environmental policies OD 4.30 and OP 4 01 Environmental policies are social economic survey and CMDC, Villagers to be Xingqiao village, awareness, collection of understood. backgrounid the first public meetings resettled Mawangtui information from local infonnation are collected Township government agencies, wastewater sampling RAP outline consultation CMDC, designiisg institute, Aug to Oct. Furong and Introduction of the project, OD 4.30 and OP 4.12 Furong and Yuhua district scope of impacts and govemments, Changsha 2003 planning bureau, state land People's resettlement policies bureau. and representatives Govemments of resettlers Draft EA TOR consultation HEPRI EA team, CMDC, October 5-6, Xilong Distribution of OP4.0: consultation during Village committees, 2003 village,Xinqiao questionnaires (40 copies) TOR stage (their work done residents to be resettled Village, Mawangtui and key EA and RAP before OP requirement) Township messages in bullet point format EA consultation HEPRI EA team, October 26, 2003 Xilong Distribution of OP4.01: further Public are aware of the positive impact of the corridor component CMDC, Village village,Xinqiao questionnaires (20 copies) consultation with PAPs on improving water quality in committees, residents to Village, Mawangtui further seeking comments and NGOs prior to I.iuyang River, concemed about be resettled Township and suggestions finalization of draft report potential adverse impact of noise wastewater and resettlenment. Final EA consultation Public consultation Dec.10. 2003 Visiting and discussion the OP4.01: consultation Principally supportive meeting meetings with CPPCC of affected people (20 persons) during TOR stage (their Furong District, CPC of to funher solicit comments work done before OP Furong District, village and suggestions; Distribution requirement) representatives, PPMO, of project information and HEPRI EA team, CMDC draft EA and RAP in second _public meetings Final RAP Changsha Ressettlement Dec. 2003 Project affected area Soliciting comments on OP 4.12 Principally supportive Office, design unit, local resettlement plan and govemment, and relocated production rehabilitation households

Consolidated Environmental Assessiineni 8-13 DRAFT 0BIFcbruary 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Table 8-10: PC3, Zhuzhou Clean Coal Component Public Consultation

Substance By whom and with When *Vhere What World Bank Results whom Requirements Interview during field social HEPRI EA team, August Factory of Environmental policies OD 4.30 and OP 4.01 Environmental policies are economic survey and first public HZCCC, 2003 HZCCC and its awareness, collection of understood, background meetings surroundings information information are collected RAP outline consultation No resettlement are required in this co ponent EA TOR consultation HZCCC, HEPRI EA September, Factory of Distribution of OP4.0: consultation during 92% of response to questionnaires team, Residents and 2003 HZCCC and its questionnaires (23 copies) TOR stage (their work done support the project, most of them enterprises nearby surToundings and key EA messages in before OP requirement) believe the proposed could reduce bullet point fonmat pollution EA consultation HZCCC, HEPRI EA November Factory of Further distribution of OP4.01: further Suggested to strengthen team, Residents and 2003 HZCCC questionnaires (20 copies), consultation with PAPs management and control of enterprises nearby soliciting comments and and NGOs prior to pollution sources to minimize suggestions finalization of draft report negative impact on factory's workers and residents. Hope to works out a better management of coal refuse in its storing yard and multi-purpose utilization. Suggested to govemment agencies to set preferential policies clean

coal product used in CZT region Final EA HZCCC, HEPRI EA November Factory of Distribution of project OP4.01: Principally supportive team. Residents and 2003 HZCCC information and draft Consultation prior to enterprises nearby finalization of draft report

Consolidated Environiiiental Assessment 8-14 DRAFr 03/B/Febmuary 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Table 8-11: PC4, CZT Logistics Centre Component Public Consultation Substance By whom and with whom When Where What World Bank Results Requirements Interview during field CTZILC, HEPRI EA team, August 2003 Project area Environmental policies OD 4.30 and OP 4.01 Environmental policies are understood, social economic survey enterprises and residents in the awareness, collection of background information are collected and first public project area information meetings RAP outline Representatives of CZT Jul 2003 CZT Project briefing; impact OP 4.12 Widespread support to project; approval in consultation Intemational Logistics Co., Intemational scope; initial resettlement principle of resettlement policies and Shifeng District Govemment, Logistics Co. plan, Soliciting comments on plans, Determined the compensation design unit, Planning Bureau, (CTZILC) compensation standards, standards, resettlement and land Land Administration Bureau resettlement options and land acquisition policies and families to be resettled, acquisition Zhushan Residential Committee, Xiangshan Village and families to be resettled Component EA CTZILC, HEPRI EA team, Sep., 2003 Yujiaping Distribution of questionnaires OP4.01 Widespread support, public expected consultation Residents and enterprises in the Industrial (25 copies) and key EA and sound mitigations to control noise and project area Railway RAP messages in bullet point wastewater pollution Station format Consolidated EA CTZILC, HEPRI EA team, Nov., 2003 CTZILC Distribution of project OP4.01: further Public concemed about noise from railway, consultation Residents and enterprises in the information and draft EA and consultation with PAPs emission from the Nitrogen Fertilizer Factory, project area RAP in second public and NGOs prior to rather than the proposed logistic centre. meetings finalization of draft Public hoped that project he designed to report maximize benefits for the nation, the collective and privates.

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 8-15 DRAFt' 03/E/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Flunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Table 8-12: PC6, Zhaoshan Scenic Area Component Public Consultation

Substance By whom and with whom When Where What World Bank Requirements Results Interview during field social ZTTDC, HUEIA EA team, Jun to July, Zhaoshan scenic Environmental policies OD 4.30 and OP 4.01 Environmcntal policics are economic survey and first public residents to be affected 2003 area awareness, collection of understood, background meetings information information are collected RAP outline consultation ZTTFDC, Representatives of July, 2003 ZTTDC Project briefing; impact OP 4.12 Widespread support to project: Zhaoshan Tourism and Trade scope; initial resettlement approval in principle Development Co., Yijiawan plan, Soliciting comments on resettlentent policies and plans; Township Govemment, and compensation standards, Determined the compensation families to be resettled, resettlement options and land standards, resettlemenit policies Zhaoshan Village, Datang acquisition and land acquisition policies Communityv EA TOR consultation ZTTDC, HUEIAC EA team, Aug., 2003 Zhaoshan scenic OP4.01: consultation during Public get to know about the Residents to be affected area TOR stage (their work done proposed project before OP requirement) Component EA consultation ZTTDC, HUEIAC EA team, Sep., 2003 Zhaoshan scenic Distribution of questionnaires OP4.01 Public think of the project as Residents to be affected area (40 copies) and key EA and positive to ecological RAP messages in bullet point environment, more conicemed format about their livelihood if they Consolidated EA consultation ZTTDC, HEPRI EA team, Nov., 2009 Zhaoshan scenic Interview households to affected OP4.01: have to be resettled away from Residents to be affected area Consultation prior to finalization the project area anid hope to of draft report optimize RAP options

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 8-16 DRAFT'03/B/Febuary 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

8.3 EA Public Disclosure

8.3.1 Outline of Program

Publicity methods have included announcing existence of project and EA report on local radio and television broadcasts, as well as being published in newspapers. These announcements give local locations, generally the local PMO offices in each city, where EA and RAPs can be inspected and comments made. They also give contact telephone numbers where information can be obtained. Posters summarising EA and RAPs are displayed in village centres and public meetings are held.

The following is a summary of the EA disclosure activities held in each HUDP project city. During the process of public consultation, the HEPRI CEA team introduced the environmental protection status of the project components, and the clients of all project components have already placed the information about the environmental impact assessment in the local press (see Figure 8.2 ).

Table 8-13 provides a summary of the implementation process of information disclosure, and Table 8- 14 summarises the disclosure of information:

Table 8-13 Introduction of Project during Public Consultations Time Content Location Means WB Policy 2003.8.27 8.28 PCIOutline Zhuzhou Introduction of BP17.50 2003.8.27 Xiangtan project, record of 2003.8.28 Changsha opinions 2003.9.8 Zhaoshan Zhuzhou Xiangtan Changsha Zhaoshan

Table 8.14 HUDP Disclosure of Information Project Client Phase I Phase 2 Press release WB Policy Xiangtan Municipal Urban Xiangtan Development & Investment Corp. Daily BP17.50 12.18 PCI Changsha Municipal Urban 2003.8- 10 2003.11 Development & Investment Corp. Zhuzhou Municipal Urban Zhuzhou Development & Investment Corp. IDaily ______~~12.16 PC2 Changshanyuan WWTP 2003.9 2003.10 Zhuzhou PC3 ZCWP 2003.9 2003.10 Daily 12.16 Zhuzhou PC4 CZT Modern Logistic Center 2003.9 2003.10 Daily 12.16

PC5 Xiangtan Zhaoshan Tourism 2003.8X-10 2003.11 DIngta BP7.50 Development Corp. 12.18

Consolidaited Environmental Assessment 8-17 DRAFr 0313/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

8.3.2 Results of Public Disclosure

Table 8-15 provides the results of the public disclosure program for HUDP.

Table 8-15 Results of HUDP Public Disclosure Program Date Information disclosed Place/Mean of disclosure WB Policy Aug.-Sep, 2003 PCI Corridor component EA Proposed project briefs, BP17.50 TOR Potential environmental impact are introduced in the questionnaires circulated to the 2003.10 PC2 Changsha wastewater forscinofordr component EA report (draft) component 2003.9.10- 11 PC3 clean coal component EA TOR 2003.9.21-22 PC4 logistic centre component EA TOR Early Sep., 2003 PC6 Zhaoshan scenic area component EA TOR Early Oct., 2003 PC6 Zhaoshan scenic area component EA Report Oct.-Nov., 2003 Consolidated EA report Potential impacts and mitigation measures are briefed in public consultation meeting in Changsha 16 Dec., 2003 PClcorridor component EA PlUs (including CUDIC, See Figure 8.2 22 Dec., 2003 report (final) XUDIC, ZUDIC) publicize to 1 Jan., 2004 the public through local city daily newspaper the availability of component EA report I Jan., 2004 PC2 Changsha wastewater CMDC publicize to the public component EA report (final) through Changsha Daily Newspaper the availability of component EA report 16 Dec., 2003 PC3 component EA Report PRUs (including HZCCC, (final) ZTTDC publicize to the public 16 Dec., 2003 PC4 component EA Report through Zhuzhou Daily (final) Newspaper the availability of component EA reports 22 Dec., 2003 PC6 component EA Report PlUs (including CUDIC, (final) XUDIC, ZUDIC) publicize to the public through Xiangtan Daily Newspaper the availability of component EA reports Very early 2004 Consolidated EA report PPMO publicized to the public through Hunan Daily Newspaper the availability of the consolidated EA report

8.4 Summary of Public Input

It can be seen from the above-mentioned surveys that the persons investigated during these surveys represent different estates, and the results show that all the governmental agencies and the masses in the project areas, and the experts as well have cognitions on the significances of construction of the Project, holding "For" attitudes for the project construction. Nonetheless, as the survey report

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 8-18 DRAFr 03/1/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

suggests, the media's attention and publicity strength should be stressed. As the feedback suggestions and comments, the main issues that the public are concerned are: (1) resettlement and compensation; (2) length of construction period.

In terms of resettlement and compensation, all the local governments in the component areas have worked out corresponding policies for resettlement and compensation, e.g. readjustment of productive farmland, cash-compensation based on floor area of house, etc.; and the comments and opinions of the masses in the project affected areas are requested; the implementing agencies concerned will try their best to make the masses satisfied, ensuring that the residential and environmental quality after resettlement will be better than the existing.

To guarantee the completion of the components on schedule, two main measures shall be adopted: first, it shall be ensured that the specific capital shall be used for the specific purpose; second, the construction engineering units shall be chosen whose construction quality and reputations are good, and the construction schedule shall be arranged rationally.

The many meetings with public officials in the province coupled with the HEPRI surveys of public support show that these projects are extremely positive and well received by the public. No objections have been received by the city PIUs and there is no indication that there is anyone that is not in support of these projects or would try to stop their completion.

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 8-19 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Figure 8.1 Photos of Public Consultation

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 8-20 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Ilutian Urban Molt MacDonald Development Project li-Snatn Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Figure 8.2 Information Disclosure

CZT Economic Integration Office of the People's CHANGSHA EVENING NEWSPAPER Government of Changsha Municipality proclaim on Changsha Evening Newspaper on January 1st 2004 the __ *:-accessibility of RAP for Corridor component (Changsha Section), A?2 *EIA report for Corridor component, RAP for Changsha Changshanyuan Wastewater Component EIA report for Changsha Changshanyuan Wastewater Component

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Consolidated Environrnental Assessnment 8-21 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hlunan Provincial Development and Planning Commissioni

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Consolidated Environmental Assessment 8-22 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Developmcnt Project lIunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

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3 Consolidated Envtronmental Assessment 8-24 DRAFT 0 /B3February2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

9 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

9.1 Project Summary

Hunan Province has sought World Bank assistance for the Hunan Urban Development Project (HUDP), which will contribute to sustainable urban development in the Changsha-Xiangtan-Zhuzhou (CZT) region through selected investments to address priority needs, capacity building and institutional development. It is currently proposed that the loan application be presented to the Bank Board for approval in June 2004. The HUDP proposed the following priority investments: * PCI - The Corridor Component, to improve flood control measures and develop recreational (scenic) roads on/along the embankment, in four selected sections of the three municipalities.

* PC2 - The Changsha Wastewater Component, to increase the percentage of sewage treated in the urban areas of the municipality, and to develop the Changsha Municipal Drainage Company (CMDC) into an autonomous public utility operating on commercial principles. * PC3 - The Zhuzhou Clean Coal Component, to reduce air pollution through the production and sale of low sulphur coal and ensuring its use. * PC4 - The CTZ Logistics Centre Component, to better utilise Zhuzhou's locational advantages as a major transport hub and to create employment opportunities. * PC5 - Xiangtan No. 4 Bridge Component, to provide for a continued smooth flow of traffic across the Xiangjiang River in Xiangtan in the medium term. (The Xiangtan No.4 Bridge Componenzt has been removedfrom the Project) * PC6 - Zhaoshan Scenic Area Component, to conserve and improve the surroundings of eight old temples and historic relics, old trees and plantations, and supporting infrastructure for visitors.

Institutional development and capacity building will complement the investment components through the provision of technical assistance. Capacity building and training for the CZT Economic Integration Office (EIO) is also an important project component.

9.2 General Conclusions

The current national and provincial five-year plans envisage the CZT region to be a regional development centre of national importance. Hunan Provincial Government attaches considerable importance to the economic integration of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan Cities, and has set up the CZT Economic Integration Office (EIO) for this purpose. The proposed HUDP project is an important part of the government strategy to promote this integration and sustainable urban development in the CZT Region. In particular, the PCI flood embankment and scenic road will connect the CZT cities and promote regional tourism and development.

Some of the key issues affecting the development of the CZT Region include: frequent flooding of the Xiangjiang River; high levels of pollution in the Xiangjiang River, with the domestic pollution from Changsha requiring priority attention; air pollution due to the use of high sulphur coal; under-utilisation

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 9-1 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commuission

of Zhuzhou's potential as a transport hub: and underutilization of the potential of the riverfront and historica] areas on the banks of Xiangjiang River for improved liveability. The objectives of HUDP (including the components related to energy, transportation. flood control, tourism, urban wastewater treatment and ecological improvement) are consistent with and foster the environmental objectives of the Tenth Five-year Plan. The HUDP will accrue benefits to the improvement of urban environment quality, water quality in Xiangjiang River, landscape ecology, the reduction of air pollution, the enhancement of flood control and the promotion of tourism development. It is a very important move in implementing CZT regional plan. The implementation of HUDP will advance integrated environmental and economic planning in the CZT region through improved flood protection and linked scenic resources, raise the levels of central wastewater treatment and; treating and reducing wastewater pollutant loads will help realize the control objectives of total pollutant discharge amounts; effectively controlling the environmental pollution tendency and meeting the standard of surface water during the period of the Tenth Five-year Plan. The appearances, styles and grades of the project cities can also be much upgraded through improved environmental planning, reduced air pollution and improved logistics services for the sustainable development of the province in the future.

9.3 Related Projects

There are a number of "linked local projects" that are being built with local funding, but having a direct effect on the HUDP component projects. Most of these projects affect the PCI corridor project. The HUDP EA has not analysed these projects in any detail, but the HUDP RAP has provided a framework for dealing with relocation according to national laws and regulations. These projects also have some direct cumulative impact with the HUDP project, especially in the area of relocation. The southern end of the PCI Xiangtan section connects to a local project called Xia Jiao Gang. The World Bank recently decided that this locally-funded project was an integral part of this section due to making a closure for floodplain protection, as well as connecting the scenic road. The component EA and HEPRI HUDP EA were both completed prior to this decision being made. At this point, this area is to be added to the HUDP PCI corridor component, but still be built with local funds. The Water Resources Bureau prepared an FSR for this local project in 1996, and it was agreed that this EA would include the environmental and social information contained in this FSR. The WRB FSR anticipated widening of the Xiangjiang River in this area, as well as the flood protection, since this is a remaining pinch point in the river for navigation. This EA provides preliminary information from the WRB FSR on this project only.

Of particular note is the World Bank funded Waterways II hydroelectric dam being constructed upstream of Zhuzhou, at the southern end of the Zhuzhou PCI corridor sub-project. The Waterways II project has also improved navigation in the Zhuzhou and Xiangtan region through dredging and improved boat facilities within the PCI corridor area, and the south end of the PCI Zhuzhou corridor connects to roads being constructed for this project.

9.4 Positive Impacts

9.4.1 PC1 Corridor Component

Flood Control Benefits

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 9-2 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

The main flood control objective of the PC1 component was to increase the level of flood protection and to maximise the area for urban development, making full use of the existing flood-control facilities, while increasing landscape potential. The flood protection benefits are based on estimated land and property value increments.

The expected value of the flood protection benefits is the product of the savings in costs and the probability of a flood occurring due to overtopping. It has been possible to calculate the risk adjusted expected NPV of the flood in the "without improvement" case compared with the "with improvement" case by inspection of past floods data. The available data provides the loss for each of the four river sections (source: Feasibility Study, January 2004) for: assets and industry production losses; agricultural losses; and, traffic and travel disruption.

The mean annual loss rates are as follows: Changsha Section 3.8%; Zhaoshan Section 5.6%; Xiangtan Section 2.7%; and, Zhuzhou Section 3.6%. The mean annual loss which would be foregone with the project is the product of the loss rates and flood costs, which is RMB 360.1 million.

In addition to the direct benefits to the locality from the flood defences, there will be benefits outside the region, which are not included. In the national appraisal methods enshrined in National Code (SL206-98), the Chinese authorities allow a 20 percent addition to the savings in direct losses to cover this benefit. This 20 percent estimate was used in the economic assessment of the Yangtze Dike Strengthening Project, and it has been adopted here also.

The objectives of the PCI Xiangjiang River Scenic Roads are: * Building new (or strengthening and raising existing) embankment along the Xiangjiang River and building roads whose primary purpose will be to serve recreational and tourist traffic, motorised and non-motorised. * Deciding on design parameters including project configuration by section, scale (number of lanes), functionality (number of lanes dedicated to motorised, non-motorised, public transit and/or private vehicular traffic), staging, and timing (of construction and completion). These objectives are based on the need to provide a scenic road corridor that linked CZT cities with a recreation and tourism amenity to improved economic development opportunities in the region. Road benefits were based on an estimation of the general-purpose traffic benefits based on travel time and Vehicle Operating Cost (VOC) savings in a conventional traffic framework of analysis. No attempt was made to estimate the recreation benefits of the scenic road.

General purpose road benefits have been calculated using conventional travel time and vehicle operating cost savings, with and without the road. Traffic volumes have been derived from land use data in the three cities and the application of trip generation rates and simple traffic assignments to the network, with and without the new road.

9.4.2 PC2 Changsha WWTP Component

In areas of Changsha city not served, the city sewage is discharged without treatment into fields, fishponds and ditches and so into the Xiangjiang River. The river is the main source of water supply for the city and for other areas downstream. Pollution of the river in this way affects adversely: water treatment costs; the agricultural crop yield from irrigated water, and is a health hazard as a result; the city environment from the standpoint of health, odour and visual impact; and, the fishery industry. The objectives of the Component are as follows:

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 9-3 DRAFr 03/B/Februarv 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

* Establish a complete rainwater drainage and sewage collection system for the area of the city to be served so that eventually over 90 percent of the relevant population will be users. * Contribute toward the goal of raising the rate of treatment of sewage to over 90 percent, and industrial wastewater to 100 percent, of generation so that the discharge of untreated sewage and related pollution of surface and artesian waters is reduced. The collected wastewater, otherwise discharged raw to the Liuyang River, will be transported to the proposed WWTP for processing and the Liuyang River will be less polluted as a result. Benefits of a reduced polluted river are as follows.

* Scenic/amenity benefits (thereby linking to PCI - Scenic Corridor) are extremely difficult benefits to quantify. Difficulties are compounded as the river pollution will remain at high levels since the WWTP will only marginally affect the overall river pollution levels. * There will be improved water quality for abstraction for drinking water and industrial purposes, resulting in cost savings for the water treatment purposes. There are some minor abstraction points downstream at present and more to be provided in future. These cost savings are therefore also difficult to estimate, but are likely to be modest at the present time. The FSR was not able to identify measurable benefits in respect of this item. * Improved river water quality would increase the value of the agricultural output of any downstream irrigated areas, where the irrigation water is obtained from the river. Similarly, fishponds which are served by river water would be beneficiaries and output enhanced. However, there is uncertainty over the extent to which the flood plain agriculture and fisheries use river water in their production process given that there are in use alternative natural sources of water supply. The FSR was not able to identify measurable benefits in this respect

9.4.3 PC3 Clean Coal Component

Benefits were grouped into two parts: (a) benefits relating to the consumption of the coal product, which accrue to the consumers; and (b) benefits associated with reduction in air pollution, which benefits the environment. The clean coal products will be sold mainly to small and medium industrial consumers for use in boilers. Consumers will have some reduction in costs as a result of using the clean coal product compared with untreated coal.

These cost reductions will arise from higher calorific value and reduced production of ash. However, the consumers' cost reductions will be less than the additional prices which will be charged for the clean coal products. The imperative for the consumers to purchase the clean coal products arises from regulations that they face which oblige them to use clean coal or risk prosecution.

9.4.4 PC4 Logistics Centre Component

The objectives of the logistics centre are to reduce the costs of transportation of goods with origins and destinations in the region and thereby to increase the volume of trade. With much of the trade originating in the Project area there may be positive impacts on regional incomes and employment levels. Benefits were grouped into two parts: (a) benefits relating to the use of the logistics centre; and (b) wider regional benefits, which have not been quantified.

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 9-4 DRArr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

* Cover the temporary top soil storing piles with films, take the borrow soil cell by cell and backfill topsoil soon after the cells are empty and recover the sites vegetation;

* Limit the excavation slope to be less than the stabilised natural slope and less than 4 m deep:

* Backfill the completed borrow pits with spoils and the top soil, then level the ground and recovery the vegetation;

* Finishing the slope of completed borrow pits and cover the slope with greensward.

9.5.3 Channel Silt

There are 9 drainage channels (flood-relief channels) included in the PCI component with total length of 21 km (3 in Jiefang polder, 3 in Nantuo polder and one each in Zhaoshan, Xiangtan and Zhuzhou). They convey floodwater to the river from inland catchments areas totalling 107 km2 . Over the years, their capacity has become reduced due to siltation of the bed. These channels are to be excavated/dredged and their embankments are to be consolidated. According to the FSR, about 1.14 million m3 of silts/sediment are to be excavated and dredged to increase the capacity.

Of the nine flood relief-channels, 6 channels are located in the Changsha section, one is in Zhuzhou County at upper end of Zhuzhou section, and one is in the Zhaoshan section in a rural area with one larger sized industrial enterprise. These eight channels drain stormwater and sanitary sewage from rural residential and industrial areas.

However, the Muyu channel in Xiangtan section drains domestic sewage of eastern urban districts of Xiangtan and industrial wastewater. In this catchment, the main industrial sectors are iron and steel industry, machinery industry, chemical industry. Sediment to be dredged at Muyu channel may include heavy metals and toxics. As the local EA institute did not anticipated the potential impact of possible contaminated sediment on environment until end of 2003, the local component EA team now plan to conduct sediment testing in late February 2004. On the basis of these test results, the EA institute will prepare a detailed plan for how to handle and dispose of hazardous materials during construction.

9.5.4 Noise

Detailed noise assessment and results are provided in Chapter 5. Impacts and mitigations recommended by HEPRI are shown in Table 9- 1:

Table 9-1 Construction Noise Impacts and Proposed Mitigation

Project Pollutant Sensitive Point Environmental Proposed Mitigation Sources (Relative Distance) Impact Measures DapinElementary School Noise level in Yandi Yande College is to be Dapig Elementary School College at both relocated (included in Yande College (20m); daytime and nighttime RAP); boring equipment RoadKongYand e mCollee(90m); exceeds the standard; should be specified with PCI Road Kongling Temple (90m); Kongling Temple is low Leq performance for Construction Xangy(I Residential Area affected by Pile the construction at ( . .t) Driver; Daping Kongling Temple; Huatnmg Residenal Area Elementary School, Nighttime construction Xiangyin Residential shall be prohibited

Consohdated Environmental Assessment 9-7 DRAFT 03/B/Febtuar, 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Project Pollutant Sensitive Point Environmental Proposed Mitigation Sources (Relative Distance) Impact Measures Area and Huating construction spots site Residential Area will near to Xiangyin not be significantly residential area and Shiji impacted. residential area is allowed Heavy load trucks for transporting pipes are mobile and intermittent sources emitting significant noise during pipe laying, with noise levels in the range of 85-90 dB (A). The noise Construction impact should not be PC2 of Sewers and Resident (lOOm around) Life disturbance significant since they will Pump Stations only operate in the daytime, they are less frequent than vehicle flows on existing roadways, and the WWTP sites are not in urban centres. The pipelines will often be excavated using manual labour so dust and noise will be minimised. Construction Residents (lOOm around) Life disturbance of Site______Nighttime construction shall be prohibited; PC4 Construction Residents (lOOm around) Life disturbance specify low-noise of Site equipment and keep good Maintenance of the equipment; Nighttime construction shall be prohibited; PC6 Construction Resident in the Scenic Life disturbance specify low-noise of Scenic Area Area equipment and keep good Maintenance of the I_equipment;

9.5.5 Dust

The sources of flying dust in the construction period include transportation, process of loading and unloading, earthwork, land scraping, laying of sewers and materials as well as disposal of disused earthworks. According to the statistics, the flying dusts from transportation take up over 60%, the TSP concentration at 50 meters from roadside leeward exceeds the standard by 64 times, and 15 times at 150 meters. The next contributor is piling-up of disused earthwork and building materials. Dust amount is affected by the wind speed. The planned measures for prevention and control of dust are as follows: * Strengthen the management, construct in a civilized way and handle construction materials carefully. Before vehicles go out of construction site, mud adhering on their surfaces should be cleaned; the vehicles of transporting limes, gravels, cements and coal ash should be covered with tarpaulin.

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 9-8 DRAFr 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

* Water should be sprayed on constructional roads and spots 4-5 times a day; abandoned soils cleared and transported timely, and transport trucks covered with tarpaulin; landfilling places covered with soil and compacted; temporary land use recovered with vegetations after utilization.

* The concrete mixing spot should be placed far away from the residential area and 300 m leeward of sensitive points, the mixer should be specified with sound airproof performance or equipped with secondary dust catcher. * Environmental administrations of all levels are required to strengthen the environmental monitoring to solve problems on time.

* Choose the construction company with strong strength and adopt pre-mixed merchandise concrete and closed vehicles. The designated merchandise concrete producers should be required to do "Three Same-time's" and to adopt effective measures to decrease the influences on the environment, ensuring the air environment free from pollution by the measures of strengthening environmental monitoring and management. * Recover vegetations of temporary land uses after completion of works to avoid water loss and soil erosion.

9.5.6 Transportation

The transportation of construction materials and pavement of sewers may cause traffic jams and other negative impacts on transportation and commerce if an effective management plan is not developed. The proposed impacts and mitigation measures are listed in Table 9-2:

Table 9.2 Potential Transportation Impacts and Mitigation Measures Pollutant Sources Names Impact Mitigation Measures The growing traffic may cause Selection of transportation Transportation of traffic jams in the urban area; route; Constructing Materials PC 1, PC6 fallout of constructing matefials Installation of windshield on may cause traffic accidents and vehicles; defacement of road surface. Defacement of road surface; Pipe-jacking in stead of open traffic accidents; inconvenient excavation in the artery roads; outgoings. PIJ, contractor and local urban traffic management agency jointly work out a traffic arrangement program before Pavement of Sewers PC2 construction and strengthen traffic guidance and management during construction; Avoidance of rush hours; Set aside special passages; Traffic direction and warning board.

9.5.7 Safety Issues

The potential safety hazard in the constructing period includes two aspects: first, the construction accidents, and second, spread of disease from poor hygienic practices or other human factors. To ensure a successful construction, following mitigation measures were recommended by HEPRI:

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 9-9 DRAFr 03/B/Febiuary 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

* All constructors, including the canteen staff, are to have physical examinations before work; * Medical facilities should be installed in the construction site; * Guarantee of sanitary drinking waters and meals from the canteen staff is needed; * Security training is also needed Potential geological calamities (landslide) may occur in the construction sites where geological condition are bad particularly during wet season, which would threaten safety of construction workers and damage ecological environment. Mitigation measures include:

* Detailed geo-technical survey is required before detailed design. * Retaining wall should be built at ill geological ground, and cut the slope to less than 250 at places above the retaining walls. * Install drainage ditches to reduce erosion of runoff to soil. * Contractors should strictly abide by safety regulations to avoid safety accidents.

9.5.8 Sensitive Sites and Public Facilities

During the constructing process, once the valuable cultural relic is found, on-site protection measures should be instantly made and notifications to the cultural relic administrations.

Wastewater collection network construction in PC2 may impact the public utility lines underneath the urban road. Therefore, detailed survey and geophysical prospecting before detailed design is strongly recommended.

9.5.9 Wastewaters

The wastewaters in the construction period comes from: * Domestic sewage in the building site; * Oily waters from operation, cleaning and repair of construction equipment; * Muddy water from fortification and cleaning of spillways.

Direct discharge of wastewaters listed above will pollute the nearby water environment. The wastewater amount of each project component is listed in Tables 9-3 and 9-4:

Table 9-3 Quality, Amount and Treatment of Domestic Wastewater During Construction Amount Conc. (mg/L) and Names Workers mo3 td Amount of CODc Proposed Mitigation Measure (kg/d) PC I 500 125 300mg/L - Wastewater should pre-treat by oil separation, 37.5kg/d sedimentation and septic tanks before discharging PC2 300mg/L to the sites specified by local EPM. kg/d - Sedimentation and temporary septic tanks PC4 300mg/L confirmed by local environmental authorities; kg/d - Temporary piling site is required, in which the domestic garbage should be carried away on time. - No contractors' campsites are allowed to be PC6 300mg/ located in the drinking water sources protected kg/d zones (lOOOm upper stream and 200 downstream of the intake)_

Consolhdated Environmental Assessment 9-10 DRAFT 03/B/February 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

Table 9-4 Quality, Amount and Treatment of Construction Wastewater Type Concentration Proposed Mitigation Measure Concrete SS lOOOmg/L Equipment Cleaning Waters SS 1000-2000mg/L Discharged after Sedimentation Oil N Waters Oil lOOO-5000mg/L Discharged after Oil-separation Avoidance of flooding period, reinforcement of the Spillway Muddy Waters SS, CODcr environmental monitoring on the tank station of the WTP located downstream to the spillways. The domestic sewage should be gathered and discharged into allocated place by local environmental administration after pre-treatment of oil separation, sedimentation. The concrete water and purge water should be treated by the sedimentation tank, and oily water by oil separator before discharge. When constructing spillways, cement and limes should be used as little as possible to prevent impact upon Xiangjiang.

9.5.10 Ecological Impact Analyses

The project components all have land acquisition and earthworks involved except PC3. Therefore, destructions of natural vegetation and cropland are inevitable. Table 5-34 provides details of land acquisition, at end of chapter 5. Clhanges of Land Function Of all the project components, PCI has the biggest changes in local land function, by which about 3,120,449 square meters of the land area are taken up, including 1,634,297 square meters of cropland, 122,783 square meters of woodland and 164,448 square meters of pond. The land functions along the 2E Corridor will be slightly changed. But it will not have great impact upon the land structure, and accord with the 2E Corridor land usage plans. By construction of this project, a new industrial belt will be created to bring social and economic benefit, and to add new values to the river shore land to some extent. Inpact o0) Vegetation

The main tree species in the project areas are red pine, fir, Mao bamboo, camphor, gingko (first-grade State protection), phoebe (second-grade State protection) and paulownia, etc. of the state protected wild plants, only one gingko tree was found in Zhaoshan Scenic Area. Construction of this project has only slight impact upon the endangered plants. Ilmpact upon Animals

As a result of frequent human activities, one can rarely find large numbers of any wild animal species in the project areas except common ones like rabbit, rats and frogs. There are no rare or endangered wild animals found. The impact in the construction period on the population or species of wild animals is very small. Imlpact on Aquatic Life

According to the route of the flood banks (PC1) provided in FSR, there are no natural outfalls along Xiangjiang River; the spillways are all manual ones. Although construction of the inner banks and spillways will have a short-term impact upon the river water quality, it will not affect the aquatic life diversity around the natural outfalls. Analyses of Soil Erosion

Consolidated Environmental Assessment 9-11 DRAFT 03/B/Februarv 2004 Hunan Urban Mott MacDonald Development Project Hunan Provincial Development and Planning Commission

According to the Hunan Provincial Soil and Water Conservation Program, the CZT urban areas are located within moderate hilly efflux region, where the landform is mainly of hilly land embedded with small basins. The erodible parent materials take up most of the soil; the water and thermal resources are abundant while arid seasons are uncommon; woodland gets only a small proportion; and due to the long development history and dense population. soil erosion takes place with range and intensity. The project area is of deep erosion area, where the annual average soil erosion modulus is about 2300 tons per square km. There are large areas of potential soil erosion Mitigation of PotentialSoil Erosion PC] In the process of constructing the flood embankments, a temporary soil conservation plan should be worked out before the revetment can be called into play; plastic film should be used to prevent soil from erosion by rain. According to the FSR, the earth quantity is 15,897,400 cubic meters, 10 stockyards are selected with a total area of 327,948 square meters. The suggested soil conservation measures are: Pro-excavation: * Consummation of drainage work, setup of spillways to direct rainwater; * Setup of temporary slag dump and blocks for humus soil for convenient backfill according to the needs; Under excavation: * Separate excavation is required; the humus soil should be peeled off first to the temporary slag dump and be covered with plastic film; * Timely backfill and resumption of vegetation upon excavation is required; * Strictly in accordance to the designed side slope requirement; Post-excavation: * All-around backfill and resumption of vegetation; * Trimming and grass planting of side slope. Temporary soil conservation measures should be worked out before the revetment can be called into play; plastic film should be used to keep the soil from erosion by rains. In construction of the stockyard, management measures are required as to average excavation, rectification, backfill, and resumption of vegetation. PC2 Sewer construction activity should be scheduled during dry season. The excavated soil should be backfilled and compacted timely. PC6: The construction of new buildings should be strictly controlled so as to prevent the scenic area from urbanisation or commercialisation. The fraction of forest coverage should be further increased.

The construction of new buildings should be strictly controlled so as to prevent the scenic area from urbanisation or commercialisation. The fraction of forest coverage should be further increased.

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9.6 Potential Operation Phase Negative Impacts and Mitigations

9.6.1 Flooded Areas

The main function of PCI is flood control combined with the construction of a scenic road. The route was selected mainly along the river: using the existing irrigation facilities as much as possible. On the basis of existing cultural sights, more view spots will be built and the route was selected with care to connect the urban and suburban areas, flood control facilities and sceneries effectively. Detailed digital flood mapping is being prepared to plot out the expected flooded areas, before and after the project. The detailed digital mapping will indicate if any new areas are now flooded after the project construction on opposite banks, islands etc that may require additional relocations.

9.6.2 Road Operations

PC]

Construction of PCI will change the regional traffic network; at the same time, enhanced mobility will bring regional economy more integrated and stimulate the land usage along the line; further more, the regional economic development will be hastened for economic structure is optimized and better conditions are provided.

9.6.3 Tourist Operations

Zhaoshan has abundant scenic and cultural resources covering religions, wartime revolutions, antique cultures as well as modern Chinese cultures. By construction of this project, as the infrastructure facilities are improved and sceneries repaired, it will attract more and more tourists, facilitate the development of tertiary industry, and help improve the life quality of the local residents; better environment will be created to draw outer investment.

9.6.4 General Water Environment

The World Bank funded Waterways II navigation hydroelectric dam project is located upstream of Zhuzhou at Kongzhou Island, where from Zhuzhou section PCI corridor begins. It is an integrated project covering navigation works, hydropower, and irrigation works. It is now under construction and will go into operation in 2005.

According the EIA Report of the Waterways II Project, the project includes a river channel reservoir with daily regulations, which has little impact upon downstream runoff. As the flow velocity is slowed, the post-construction water quality of the reservoir will be worse; therefore the downstream water quality will be affected in small scale. Impact Of PC]

Construction of the PCI project has little influence on the quantity and level of water when Xiangjiang River is at its normal stage; while in the flood period, the water level will go up and water quantity and velocity will increase.

In the operating period, the impact on water quality mainly comes of wastewater from domestic usage, car washer and surface runoff waters from the servicing area; the main pollutants are COD and

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oils, etc. The quality of wastewater from car washer can be estimated as follows: pH 6.5-8.5; COD 25-200mg/L; Oil 10mg/L; SS 500mg/L. The main pollutant factor is SS. which can be effectively reduced by sedimentation. The runoff wastewater quality rests on various aspects, such as traffic volume, rainfall intensity, dryness and vegetation covering rate, etc. Normally, the runoff pollutants are small in quantity; they will have little impact upon water environment after convergence with other runoffs. Still, runoffs near the tank station of water plants should redirected from direct discharge into Xiangjiang River. Impact Of PC2 A two-dimensional decay pattern in steady state, bankside discharge of non-conservative pollutant was used by HEPRI as recommended in the 'EIA Directives'. The prediction results show, under different treatment conditions, factors of CODC,, BOD5, NH3 -N and TP more or less all exceed the standard. Direct discharge of the untreated wastewater severely pollutes the downstream water body of Liuyang River. But, since there is no tank station of water plant in this section, it will not harm the drinking water security status. For treatment and concentrated discharge of wastewaters regulate the disorderly discharge status in Liuyang River and reduce the pollution amount, the water quality of Liuyang River and of lower reaches of Xiangjiang River is greatly improved. In the operation process, measures should be taken to minimize possible contingencies to avoid pollutions by untreated wastewaters. Impact Of PC3 The industrial wastewater of this project component will all be reused after treatment. The amount domestic wastewater, which is discharged into municipal sewers via plant drainage pipes, is very small and has little impact upon Xiangjiang River. Impact Of PC4 The wastewater of this project component consists of 150 m3/d of domestic sewage and 100 m3/d of industrial wastewater by washing of containers and repairing oily waters. The washing waters and oil wastewater will be recycled or used for planting of vegetation after sedimentation and oil separation respectively. The domestic sewage will be collected by a separate sewer system and conveyed into Xiawan WWTP (about 500 m from the logistic centre) for treatment. Modelling results indicate that this project has little impact upon the river water environment. Impact Of PC6 The wastewaters in the scenic area are mainly from domestic sewage of tourists. The pollutants of domestic sewage mainly are BOD5, COD, TN, Organic Nitrogen and phosphorus, which are all of degradable nutrient organic substances. According to relevant environmental requirement, the domestic wastewaters should meet Grade I of the standard (GB8978-96) Therefore corresponding treatment facilities are to be installed. Additionally, to minimize the impact of aquatic entertaining programs, the electric boats are recommended.

9.6.5 Sewage Overflows (Collection, Pump Stations, WWTP)

PC2 After WWTP commissioning, raw sewage may bypass the collection systems, pump stations, and WWTP during storm events (until sewerage systems have been completely separated), electrical outages or when the WWTP experiences operational problems. The wet well at the pump stations and

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inlet to the WWTP will provide only a short-term buffer for such situations and raw sewage will be soon bypassed under these circumstances. The collection system and pump stations are designed to intercept 2 times the average daily flow and then will surcharge.

In the design for such combined sewer system, sedimentation tanks have been considered in front of the manhole located ahead of the interception chambers to serve for the purpose of reducing pollution load from overflow, as well as protecting the interception chambers and downstream pipes from silting up.

The project client should set up specific supervising department to administer and protect the pipelines and pump stations, once leakage or overflow occurs, instant maintenance is to be made. The wastewater overflowing in the raining period must be discharged after sedimentation. A primary sedimentation tank is now being considered in the design of WWTP to treat the overflow. The Changshanyuan WWTP should strengthen the management by setting up the post duty system, periodically examining the treatment devices and timely handling the problems found. PC3

The HZCCC has a WWTP with a treatment capacity of 360 m3 /d and has been in operation since 1991 and has operated well. The tertiary sedimentation and filtration technique is used and the existing treatment capacity is able to meet the proposed production, without overflow. PC4

After pre-treatment, the wastewater of PC4 are collected and conveyed into Xiawan WWTP meet the standard, and then discharged into Xiangjiang. PC6

The wastewaters are mainly domestic sewage produced by the tourists. They will be solved by setting up of ecological toilets; after being treated by a small-scale treatment system to meet the standard. they are finally discharged into Xiangjiang River.

9.6.6 Industrial Waste Upsets

According to HEPRI, there is not a large industrial contribution to the PC2 sewerage system and WWTP. Pre-treatment has been a problem in most of China. There is a possibility of industrial waste upsets to the sewerage system and WWTP but rigorous influent monitoring will be specified as well as operational plans to mitigate such problems.

It is suggested that the enterprises with a daily discharge volume of 500 m3 have to install on-line monitoring instruments to monitor wastewater flow and CODcr; that Changsha Environmental Monitoring Station carry out irregular selective inspections in combination with enterprises' applications for discharges so as to restrain enterprises to conscientiously enforce the laws and regulations of the state and to accomplish discharging after meeting the standard, to guarantee normal and stable operation of WWTP. Supervision shall be strengthened.

9.6.7 Ecological Environment

Ilhnpact of PC]

Since PCI only raises and strengthens the flood banks, it has little impact upon the river shore eco- environment, especially on aquatic life. In the flood period, floods that used to submerge the river shore land will increase the water quantity and flow velocity; therefore more land area will be

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submerged by uplifted water level. According to past hydrological statistics, in the CZT Area. the flood rate is about 26%, lasts about 2 months each time. No endangered species exist on the river island, so the impact upon island wildlife was considered small by HEPRI. The island vegetation will resume its original appearance after the flood recedes. In the initial stage of the operating period of this project, by consummation of the greening and protection works, the soil erosion status will be further improved. But as it takes time for vegetation to mature, soil erosion caused by construction of flood banks and scenic road will still be in existence and will come back to the pro-project level in two more years. If protection measures reinforced, the soil erosion status will be less serious than before. Impact of PC6 As the enhanced eco-environment is more complicated, by mutual restraint and inter-dependency of the propagation, the ecosystem of the scenic area will become more stable and balanced. As the number of tourists increase after the project, there will be more bad behaviours like picking of tree branches, trample of grass field, smoking or picnic. Chances of fatal accident will also increase such as fire hazard caused by smoking and picnic; and possibly there will be more plant diseases and insect pests. These problems are crucial to be attached great importance.

9.6.8 Air Quality Impacts

PC] The impact of PCI component on air quality would be caused by vehicle exhausted gas emission and will impact air quality along the scenic road area. According to the Specifications for EIA of Highway (proposed, JTJO05-96) and the traffic volume provided by the feasibility study report, the emission of exhausted gas from the sources estimated by HEPRI are shown in Table 9-5:

Table 9-5 Estimated Exhausted Gas Emission from the Sources

Component Time CO NOx THC

Emission Source Emission Source Emission Source amount intensity amount intensity amount intensity (Va) (mg/s.m) (ta) (mg/s.m) (tla) (mgls.m)

PCl 2007 3701.82 1.62 209.07 0.09 961.48 0.42

2015 5077.06 2.22 286.74 0.13 1318.68 0.58

2026 7663.39 3.36 432.87 0.19 1990.70 0.87

A model was used by HEPRI to predict the NOx emission from vehicles on environment esp. on the sensitive points. When the wind direction is perpendicular to the line source of noise pollution and due to the impact of road operation, the increased NOx concentrations at sensitive points are fairly small and meet Grade II of Standard GB 3095-96, except the sensitive point of Zhaoshan under the long-term scenario because of the baseline data has been higher.

PC3 The sources and pollutants of the exhaust gases in PC3 are as follows: * Boiler exhaust gases, of soot and S02, are to be controlled by adopting the water film dust catcher;

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* Tailgases of dust from driers of molded coal system are to be controlled by bag dust collector;

* Flying dust from loading and unloading of materials are to be controlled by spraying water and exhausting system:

* Flying dust from fragmentation is to be controlled by exhausting system. The exhaust gases mainly come from loading and unloading of raw coal, fragmentation, and process. Tables indicate that the main pollutant sources are boiler soot, dried tailgases, and tailgases from dust catcher in the fragmentation process. The emission concentration and rate of TSP from the dried tailgases meet the requirement of Grade 2 in Integrated emission standard of air pollutants (GB16297- 1996); emission concentration of TSP from the fragmentation tailgases, but as it is emitted via chimneys of 15 meters high, the emission rate exceeds the standard by 3.4 times. The boiler soot, after being treated by the water film dust catcher, can meet the standard by selection of fuel. If the coal is used as main power, the concentrations of soot and S02 are 300mg/m3 and 1300mg/m3 which exceed the standard by 1.5 and 1.44 times; if the CWM is used, the concentrations are 60mg/mr3 3 and 510 mg/m , which take up only 30% and 56.7% of the standard value. And the emission rate of both pollutants will meet the standard with either fuel, if the chimney is over 35 meters high. To meet the standard, HEPRI recommended: * To use the coal slurry as fuel;

* According to regulations in GB 13271-2001, the chimney of 6.5t/h boiler must be at least 35 meters high and 3 meters higher than the highest building within 200 meters around it; the defragmentation chimney must be 24 meter high at least. SO, Impacts

Under different stability degrees, when the project is completed, the Maximum Ground Concentration 3 of SO2 is 0.lll9mg/m which is 22.38% of the standard value (Grade 2) and 0.3509mg/mi3 after superimposition with the maximum value of present monitoring results which taking up 70.18% of the standard value. The Maximum Ground Concentration of TSP is 0.1540mg/m3 .

In sensitive point 3 1, the maximum added value of SO2 is 0.0522mg/m , taking up only 10.45% of the 3 standard value, and is only 0.2912mg/m which take up 58.24% of the standard value after superimposition with the maximum value of present monitoring results. In sensitive point 2, the maximum 3 added value of SO2 is 0.1018mg/m , taking up only 20.36% of the standard value, and is 3 only 0.3408mg/m which take up 68.16% of the standard value after superimposition with the maximum value of present monitoring results; the maximum added value of TSP is 0.0918 mg/m 3 . These two points all meets the Grade 2 requirement of the standard. HEPRI indicated that the results indicate that construction of this project has very little impact upon the atmospheric environment of nearby sensitive sites. PC6

In the operating period of PC6, as the traffic volume increases, the tail gas and flying dust produced by the running vehicles will have some adverse impacts upon the atmospheric environment in the scenic area. From report of other similar projects, the tail gas is the main contributor of impact. The SO2 and NO, concentration along the roadside will increase to some extent. If small carriageways are constructed in the scenic area, the atmospheric environment may be polluted by tail gases. For protection of the air quality, HEPRI recommended that only pollution-free cars be

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allowed in the scenic area. Additionally, for there are still some residents living inside or around the scenic area. and coal remains their main thermal resource, cleaner resources like liquefied gas, biogas and electric power are recommended.

9.6.9 Noise

Imcpact Of PC] Predictions for traffic noise were made according to the calculation model recommended by the Specifications for EIA of Highway (proposed, JTJO05-96). The result of the noise analyses for PCI indicates the following: * Noise is higher after the road is open to traffic; and is indirectly related to the distance from the road; * For the sensitive points, the noise values of Spl and Sp5 all meet the standard and those of Sp2 all exceed the standard with a maximum value of 67.6dB(A); the noise values of Sp3 and Sp4 slightly exceed the standard in the night-time. As the exceeding rate in Sp3 and Sp4 is small, the noise can be reduced to meet the standard by relevant control measures such as planting trees. Sp2 - is to be relocated (included in RAP); * For the sensitive points, the noise values of Spl and Sp5 all meet the standard and those of Sp2 all exceed the standard with a maximum value of 67.6dB(A); the noise values of Sp3 and Sp4 slightly exceed the standard in the night-time. As the exceeding rate in Sp3 and Sp4 is small, the noise can be reduced to meet the standard by relevant control measures such as planting trees. Sp2 is to be relocated (included in RAP); * For pump stations, the affected area by noise of the water pumps covers: 50 meters around the pump in the daytime and 100 meters in the night-time. According to investigations, these pumps only run in hard rain period. Control measures such as shock absorption and selection of low noise pumps are recommended.. Imnpact Of PC2 Noise from PC2 includes WWTP noise and pump station noise. The former mainly comes from base pump station and aerator. HEPRI concluded that from the modelling results that the noise impact of the WWTP site is acceptable. However, as blaster blower will be used in Changshanyuan WWTP, the noise value will be slightly higher than the above results. Some specific protection measures might be necessary. Besides, according to the investigations, there are about 100 people living within 100 meters around the lifting pump station and central pump station; and according to the prediction results, noise exceed the standard within 50 meters around these pump stations, therefore, measures like sound insulation and selection of low noise pumps are needed.

Imnpact Of PC3 In the operating period, noise mainly comes from crusher, ball mill, vacuum pump, vibration mill, colloid mill and blower fans. Since high noise machines such as vibration mill and crusher are to be installed with vibration and noise reduction facilities, and located in enclosed workshops, the noise can be reduced to about 85 dB(A). According to on-site monitoring, the noise in southwest residential area exceeds the standard for it is the closest point to the noisiest crusher house. Therefore, sound insulation is necessary for the crusher house. The noise intensity of the operating machine must meet relevant standard; measures like

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vibration reduction, sound proof, silencing and planned layout are suggested to minimize the impact; vehicles run at limited speed and whistles are prohibited in the residential area: Inipact O PC4

The transportation vehicles like trains and automobiles are the main contributor of noise. Following measures are recommended: economic compensation or installation of soundproof doors and windows for the affected people; whistles should be as few as possible. Iim7pact of PC6

Another important possible polluter is No.107 Highway. HEPRI monitored the acoustic environment at 100 meters away from the highway during Nov,30th and Dec,2nd of 2003, and the results all met the standard. As the scenic road of PCI will have much less traffic than No.107 Highway, it will not affect the acoustic environment of Zhaoshan Scenic Area. The Railway and Road Highway No 107 cut the area of this first phase from the future Eastern zone of the ecological belt. The traffic on Road 107 is extremely noisy, and produces 70 to 90 decibels and causing serious noise pollution to the East side of the scenic area. Traffic control measures must be introduced, and promoted by the ZTTDC, which: * Reduce traffic speed and provide speed controls with radar, * Forbid the use of horns except in emergency, * Control overtaking, * Provide safe pedestrian movement and prevent conflicts of pedestrian and traffic.

9.6.10 Odours

Odour emitted by bio-treatment process and sludge is the primary air pollution sources in PC2. The reducing odoriferous substances, which are disorganised emission sources produced by bio- decomposed organic substances, can exist in the grit chamber, reaction tanks, sludge processing facilities, and enter into the air by surface emanation or aeration.

According to other similar projects, the odour mainly consists of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methyl hydrosulfide, methyl sulfide, trimethylamine, etc. The monitoring results of these odour substances all exceed the standard limits. Therefore, the sanitary protection width surrounding the proposed WWTP must be planned. HEPRI used a standard Chinese algorithm to calculate the required width of sanitary protection zone. From these calculations, HEPRI calculated the required width of the sanitary protection zone to NH3 at 100m

In process of designing and operation, the project client should manage to minimize the odour impact by extension of greening area, installation of deodorisation facilities and optimisation of site layout. In the designing period, site layout should be optimised. Deodorisation is needed; the greening rate can be further extended; setup a protective belt of 300 meters long to alleviate the impact scope. HEPRI recommended no residential houses should be located within the 300 protective belt. However, the Provincial EPB has apparently given a variance from this requirement, and is only requiring a protection zone of 150m. As such, those residents living between 150m and 300m from the proposed WWTP are not currently included in the project RAP.

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It is recommended that a detailed noise and odour monitoring program be included in the operational phase environmental monitoring program to verify if the planned protection zone should be maintained. In addition, it is noted that the proposed WWTP is slated for a Phase II that will more than double the size, and the required protection zone will undoubtedly be needed after Phase II begins operations.

9.6.11 Effluent Water Quality Impact

Impact of PC]

The construction of PCI will not directly impact existing discharges, but control of these discharges would optimise the tourism benefits of PC1 and the water quality benefits of PC2. Impact of PC2

The wastewater discharge amount of Changshantyuan WWTP is 1.4 m3/s with a velocity Of 0.55m/s. If it directly discharges into the Liuyang River, it will scour the riverbed and affect shipping. Therefore, measures are to be taken, such as installation of multi-channel, concurrent flow between river water and wastewater, to protect shipping and riverbed.

Real time monitoring apparatus is recommended in larger enterprises; the Changsha municipal Environmental Monitoring Department should monitors the industrial waters in WWTP periodically to ensure that they meet the standard.

Impact of PC3

Before the PC3 component, the existing annual water consumption is 12,000,000 m3 (at the existing designed capacity of 2.4 million t/a) or 3 million t/a (at the actual production capacity), including 0.8 million t/a or 0.2 million t/a of water to be replenished and recycled water from a existing in-plant wastewater treatment station with treatment capacity of 360 m3/h. The proposed PC3 component will 3 3 consume a total of 734 m /h water (including 720 m /h for production and 14 m3/h for domestic use). 3 Of the production water consumption, 680 m /h of the water will be recycled (recycling rate 94.4% 3 and 40 m /h will replenished. The production wastewater flow will be about 65 m3/h.

Production wastewater consists of:

* Wastewater from coal preparation process and CB process, including ground washing water, dust removal washing water and flotation processing wastewater * Wastewater from CWM process, including disqualified coal water mixture accidentally discharged, cooling water, filter water, ground and equipment washing water, leakages in the production process.

Collection and storing tanks are installed in the production workshops to reuse the head coal and coal sludge or pumped into the existing wastewater treatment station, consisting of screening, primary and secondary sedimentation tanks, rotational flow reactor, sloping plank settling tank and sand filter) with pollutant removal rate of SS 99.58%, COD 98.07 %. Therefore, there is no discharge of production wastewater into environment.

3 The domestic sewage of about 14m /h from the workshop is collected by the sewers in the plant and treated by the septic tank before discharging into environment, and therefore has little impact on environment. There are two 6.5t/h boilers to be newly installed (including a spare boiler), the dust catchers are of water films, and dusty wastewater is to be fully reused.

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Surface runoff in the factory would be polluted and contain some pollutants, particularly suspended solids because the storing yards for coal sludge form wastewater treatment station and coal refuse are open and easy to be eroded by runoff. It is estimated that maximum runoff flow is about 2500 m3/h. Before its discharging into receiving water body (Baishi Gang), the HZCCC has built a 40xl0x4m3 sedimentation tank where the wastewater is collected and treated by sedimentation.

Ihnipact of PC6

HEPRI made an investigation on pollutant sources that may have an impact upon this project. The results indicate that the main polluter in this area is Hunan Nantian (Pesticide) Corp (COD: 311.5T/A; 3 Exhaust Gases: 21,808,100 m /a). For in recent years, the wastewater and odours are well controlled in it and it locates at leeward area of this project, it has little impact on this project (PC6).

As discussed in section 5.6.4. the Zhaoshan scenic area will generate about 85,000-150,000 m3/year of domestic wastewater. A design of ecological latrines is recommended by HEPRI to dispose nightsoil produced by tourists. HEPB, in its approval of component EIA for PC6, required that domestic sewage should be treated to meet Grade I of GB8978-96 before discharging into Xiangjiang River. A small-sized treatment system is recommended by HEPRI which is to be incorporated in the component preliminary design.

9.6.12 Solid Waste and Sludge Treatment And Disposal

Solid Waste

Table 9-6 summarises the solid waste impacts from HUDP component projects:

Table 9-6 Environmental Impact and Disposal of Solid Wastes Information Disposal Impact PC I Domestic Garbage Setup of transfer facilities Basically Impact-free PC3 Coal refuse: 100,000 t/a; Baking brick; Possible secondary Boiler Residue: 5000 t/a; Paving roads; pollution Oil from oil-separator; PC4 Sludge from Sludgsedimentationsedmentaionfro tankank; garbageCollecting periodically and carrying away Basically Impact-free Solid wastes from septic tank Domestic garbage by tourists; 2005: 340t/a PC6 2007: 426t/a Setup of transfer facilities Basically Impact-free 2009: 506t/a 2012: 580t/a

To mitigate the potential impacts of coal refuse, a budget of 1 million RMB has been arranged to take following mitigation measures on the coal storage yard:

A retaining wall is to be built at west and north side and earth up the wall for planting grass to prevent collapse and mitigate the impact on residential quarter. * A drainage ditch/channel is to be built at the west and north side to drain runoff into the urban sewer system.

* The entire storage yard needs to be enclosed by extending the wall and signs of environmental protection be placed on the wall. According the provisions of GB 15562.2, regular maintenance of the enclosure wall should be practiced. * The coal refuse should be watered regularly to prevent dust pollution and hypergolic.

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* To avoid the secondary air pollution by reusing of coal refuse, the HZCCC, the project PIU wish PPMO to extend its desire to pack the "multi-purposes utilisation of coal refuse in an environmental friendly way" as a technical assistant package. In the mean time, HZCCC has made its commitment to take some actions to avoid potential impact of coal refuse (shown in Figure 4.3) WWTP Sludge

Sludge is mainly produced in the process of operations of the proposed PC2 WWTP. The water content of sludge after being dewatered should be below 80%. The features of the sludge are that their particles are fine, cohesion is weak, likely to be lost with water flow and decomposed to emit smell, causing secondary pollution.

According to similar projects, the output of sludge in PC2 is estimated at about 5001t/a (the 3 dehydrated) or 33580m /a (moisture content: 80%). According to information provided by Furong District of Changsha and on-site investigations, there are no industrial pollutant sources in Changshanyuan catchment area. The wastewaters are mainly of domestic wastewater from residency, catering establishment and the wholesale markets. The main pollutants are: COD, BOD5, NH3-N and TP, etc.

The dehydrated sludge will landfilled in Heimifeng Landfill Site. The approximate transportation route is shown in Figure 5.3. The Heimifeng Landfill is a relatively new landfill constructed to modem landfill standards, including a leachate treatment facility. The landfill has agreed to accept this WWTP sludge. As the concentration of the heavy metal in the sludge has not been confirmed, HEPRI recommends that analyses be made after the project goes into operation to decide the disposal mode.

9.6.13 O&M Problems

Observation of centralised WWTP in other Chinese cities would indicate that operation and maintenance (O&M) could be a problem. The design of the HUDP WWTPs has taken simplicity of operation into account (oxidation ditches are simpler to maintain and operate than many other systems) but mitigation monitoring will need to insure that the wastewater company does not try to save operational costs by cutting back on power consumption for aeration, sludge digestion and processing, etc. The operation of the WWTPs should have incentives based on WWTP performance rather than minimising the cost of operations, so that management is keyed to ensuring proper WWTP performance.

In accordance with World Bank practice, detailed financial projections have been prepared for the proposed wastewater companies being established under this project to operate the planned sewerage and wastewater treatment facilities. These projections take into account the need for the new wastewater companies to be financially sustainable for the foreseeable future. Thus sources of income, including tariffs charged to users, have been assessed to ensure that they will be sufficient to cover operation and maintenance expenses and planned expansion of facilities in the future. The tariffs have also been checked to ensure that they are affordable for the service population.

9.6.14 Organic Loading and Standards

There is a concern relative to the actual influent concentrations of organic pollutants at the PC2 WWTP to either be much greater than or much less than the design parameters for the WWTP. The influent domestic sewage at the PC2 WWTP will still be combined with stormwater that causes lower

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concentrations of organic pollutants, and the widespread use of septic tanks upstream of sewers also contributes to these low loadings. Relative to low-loading, the design values used for the PC2 WWTP appear reasonable when compared to the limited sewer sampling results, taking into account that the sewers are being separated over time, and septic tanks will eventually be eliminated. The concern over the potential for organic loading to be too high relative to design standards is indicative of problems with pre-treatment of industrial wastewater in the sewerage catchments. If such a problem occurs, the solution is for the EPB and the Wastewater Company to apply and enforce adequate industrial pre-treatment standards, not to apply unrealistic design standards on the PC2 WWTP.

9.7 Potential Project Risks

The potential financial and technical risks, in the construction and operation phases, have been outlined and potential mitigation measures identified. There are no extreme risks identified. Details of mitigation measures, monitoring program and responsibilities are given in Chapter 7.

9.8 Secondary and Cumulative HUDP Impacts

Secondarv Impacts

Provision of the infrastructure outlined in the HUDP project may contribute to existing and future urban problems in the CZT cities. The growth of the economies and the cities is causing a wide variety of environmental problems, and further growth could exacerbate these problems. A detailed evaluation of these secondary impacts was beyond the scope of this EA but two areas are particularly relevant:

* The urbanised sections of the PCI scenic road are being planned for expanded urban development. This could be considered as facilitating urban growth boundaries, and the need for additional environmental infrastructure (sewerage, sewage treatment, roads, etc.) * The PC2 sewerage and WWTP are being constructed in an area experiencing extremely fast urbanisation and development. This can be seen in the proposed population and wastewater generation figures. As such, the PC2 project can either be dealing with an existing deficit of wastewater management, or accelerating the demand for additional wastewater management services Shaoyaogang PCI Section

The southern end of the PCI Xiangtan section connects to a local project called Shaoyaogang. The World Bank recently decided that this locally-funded project was an integral part of this section due to making a closure for floodplain protection, as well as connecting the scenic road. The component EA and HEPRI HUDP EA were both completed prior to this decision being made. At this point, this area is to be added to the HUDP PCI corridor component, but still be built with local funds.

The Water Resources Bureau (WRB) prepared an FSR for this local project in 1996, and it was agreed that this EA would include the environmental and social information contained in this FSR. The WRB FSR anticipated widening of the Xiangjiang River in this area, as well as the flood protection, since this is a remaining pinch-point in the river for navigation. The following is a summary of this WRB FSR information.

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The WRB listed the following negative impacts for this proposed project:

* The implementation of the project will occupy about 352.78 mu of land resources, which will further intensify the stress on urban land use. The project will demolish a total of 2 67765.57 m of buildings and resettle 2146 persons. The affected persons would have been suffered if resettlement were not programmed properly. * During the construction, oil spills from mechanical equipment would pollute water quality of Xiangjiang River. Re-suspension of sediment during dredging may pollute part of the water area. However these impacts will be eliminated after the project construction. * The intakes of Xiangtan WTPs are located at upper stream; therefore, water supply of Xiangtan City will not be impacted. The construction site will be along the riverbank, where the space is wider; the waste gases emitted by mechanical equipment are easier to diffuse. The impact of the project on air quality is limited. * The road built on the original embankment along sub-section from Wanfu Temple to Jiangbei embankment management office will be cut off during construction due to abolishment of the embankment, which will cause inconvenience to local residents. * The excavation to widen the river course and building the a new embankment will strip part of the top soil and destroy vegetation, which will cause soil erosion during the construction. Local Projects Connected to HUDP Project Figure 2.2 showed a diagram of the CZT project area with a number of "linked local projects" that are being built with local funding, but having a direct effect on the HUDP component projects. Most of these projects affect the PCI corridor project. The HUDP EA has not analysed these projects in any detail, but the HUDP RAP has provided a framework for dealing with relocation according to national laws and regulations.

9.9 Alternatives

In addition to the evaluation of technical alternatives, the "no project" altemative was assessed for all categories of component projects.

9.9.1 PC1 Flood Embankment and Roadway Options

The evaluation of options for the PCI Component Flood Embankments covered issues such as: * Closure Of Protected Areas * Embankment Alignment * Embankment Raising And Strengthening * Easement Width * Embankment Design * Crest Width * Side slopes * Freeboard * Embankment Earthwork Stability

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* Weak Points In The Existing Embankments * Embankment Grout Curtain * Side Slope Protection * Drainage * Sluices * Pumping Stations

The evaluation of options for the PCI Road Options covered issues such as: * Design Standards * Horizontal Alignment * Vertical Alignment * Cross Sections * Road Base * Pavement * Access Junctions * Lay-by Details * Road Drainage * Sidewalks * Roadside Facilities * Bridges & Culverts * Landscaping * Alignment Options

9.9.2 PC2 Options

The evaluation of options for the PC2 Component covered issues such as: * Sewerage System Interception Ratio * Pipe Materials

* Collection System, Pump Stations and Pressure Mains * Number of WWTPs * WWTP Site Selection * Wastewater Flows and Capacity of the WWTP * The Quality of Wastewater to be Treated * The Use of Septic Tanks * Treated Effluent Standards * The Degree of Treatment * Wastewater Treatment Options

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* WWTP Sludge Disposal

9.9.3 PC3 Options

The evaluation of options for the PC3 Component covered issues such as: * Project Sites for PC3 * Coal Refuse Options

9.9.4 PC4 Options

The evaluation of options for the PC4 Component covered issues such as: * PC4 Project Location * Wastewater Treatment Options

9.9.5 PC6 Options

The evaluation of options for the PC6 Component covered issues such as: * Roads and Features * Wastewater Treatment

9.10 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan

During the construction period and operating periods, the environmental management program prepared by HEPRI is outlined in tables located at the end of chapter 7. The environmental management structure is shown in Tables 9-7 and 9-8.

Table 9-7 HUDP Environmental Management Departments Names Responsibilities Remarks The HUDP Office of Provincial Designing and environmental An environmental specialist for Plannin. Development Commission management in the construction execution of management and period monitoring plans Execution and management of An environmental specialist to The Environmental Management environmental protection assist environmental experts of the Offices of Project Components measures in the construction project office period CZT Environmental Monitoring Environmental monitoring in both Departments periods

Table 9-8 Supervision of HUDP Environmental Management Departments Names Responsibilities 1. supervision of execution of environmental laws, regulations and Hunan Provincial management, etc. Environmental Protection 2. coordination of environmental management among various department; Bureau 3. check and approval of environmental monitoring report; 4. final environmental acceptance of construction project CZT Municipal Environmental 1. assistance the provincial bureau supervision work; Protection Bureaus 2. check and approval of environmental monitoring report;

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9.11 Public Process

9.11.1 Public Participation

There have been many meetings during the project preparation phase of HUDP with city PMOs, utility companies, city EPBs and other city organisations to discuss the proposed projects and environmental assessments. These meetings have occurred monthly at a minimum and have resulted in full collaboration with local officials and full support of the project and the EA process. The many meetings with public officials in the province coupled with the HEPRI surveys of public support show that these projects are extremely positive and well received by the public. No objections have been received by the city PIUs and there is no indication that there is anyone that is not in support of these projects or would try to stop their completion.

Most of the project-related people and organisations have obtained correct knowledge about the significance of the project and impact upon the environment, and know clearly about how these projects would hasten the development of State, regional and individual economy. According to the project features, the environmental problems which these projects might produce are relatively small; and for the environmental assessment and designing department have taken various impact factors into account and put forward relevant prevention and control measures before construction, problems will be solved as long as these measures are put into practice. In order to win more widespread comprehension and support from the people, HEPRI recommends that project proponents pay attention to the following problems during the design and construction period: * Provide closer contact with local government and people, adopt the public's reasonable, feasible suggestions on time, to bring more economic and social benefit and reduce the possible adverse impact.

* Resettlement plans should be made as early as possible; the resettled should have the rights to participate in layout plans, and to select their most satisfactory one, by getting door-to- door visits or meetings of representatives they put forward. Never put aside opinions from the vulnerable groups.

* Prepare for the impact of resettled upon the destination area. As resettlement will cause the increase of requirement on land, water sources and social service, consider to further consummate the infrastructure facility construction.

* As construction of PC3 will further increase the dust and noise impact upon the roadside resident, it is the minimum requirement to have environmental trainings for staff and careful maintenance on vehicles; and, it is suggested that the project client help the local govemment to manage and maintain the road.

9.11.2 Public Disclosure

Publicity methods have included announcing existence of project and EA report on local radio and television broadcasts, as well as being published in newspapers. These announcements give local locations, generally the local PMO offices in each city, where EA and RAPs can be inspected and comments made. They also give contact telephone numbers where information can be obtained. Posters summarising EA and RAPs are displayed in village centres and public meetings are held.

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The following is a summary of the EA disclosure activities held in each HUDP project city. During the process of public consultation, the HEPRI CEA team introduced the environmental protection status of the project components, and the clients of all project components have already placed the information about the environmental impact assessment in the local press (see Figure 8.2 ).

Table 9-9 provides a summary of the implementation process of information disclosure, and Table 9- 10 summarises the disclosure of information:

Table 9-9 Introduction of Project during Public Consultations Time Content Location Means WB Policy 2003.8.27 8.28 PCIOutline Zhuzhou Introduction of BP17.50 2003.8.27 Xiangtan project, record of 2003.8.28 Changsha opinions 2003.9.8 Zhaoshan Zhuzhou ______X iangtan Changsha Zhaoshan

Table 9-9 HUDP Disclosure of Information Project Client Phase I Phase 2 Press release WB Policy Xiangtan Municipal Urban Xiangtan Development & Investment Corp. Daily BP17.50 12.18 PCI Changsha Municipal Urban 2003.8 - 10 2003.11 Development & Investment Corp. Zhuzhou Zhuzhou Municipal Urban Daily Development & Investment Corp. 12.16 PC2 Changshanyuan WWTP 2003.9 2003.10 Zhuzhou PC3 HZCCC 2003.9 2003.10 Daily 12.16 Zhuzhou PC4 CZT Modem Logistic Center 2003.9 2003.10 Daily 12.16 XiangtanTourism Zhaoshan ~~~Xiangtan PC5 Xiangtan Zhaoshan Tourism 2003.8 - 10 2003.11 Daily BP17.50 Development Corp. 12.18

9.12 Conclusions and Recommendations

I. The environmental conditions are serious and the environmental infrastructure needs of Hunan Province are high, and expanding rapidly. 2. The HUDP projects have emerged from a basin-wide prioritisation process, are well formulated, and have detailed and complete preliminary designs and cost estimates. 3. There is good public support for the projects based on meetings in the project cities and public opinion surveys. 4. The proposed projects can meet financial and economic tests of sustainability and are affordable to the local citizens.

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5. Social impacts, consisting mainly of land acquisition and resettlement, are addressed by a detailed RAP, and, in any case, are not significantly adverse. 6. The potential economic, social and environmental benefits of the Phase HUDP projects are large, as reported in the previous sections. 7. Potential construction and operational phase impacts of the proposed HUDP projects have been adequately assessed and no major issues have been identified. Detailed mitigation and monitoring procedures have been prepared which should adequately lessen the overall effect of these potential impacts. Monitoring costs have been included for this work and assignments detailed. 8. The recommendations included herein in the Component EAs and HEPRI in the Consolidated EA are rational and should be considered in the design and construction of these projects. 9. The overall conclusion is that the potential positive impacts are large, the potential negative construction and operation impacts can be successfully mitigated, and the projects contain no serious problems or "fatal flaws" in its formulation. The project components are essentially environmentally positive and should be approved.

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Data Input Table - Do Not Delete

3 4 Item Location Bookmark X Record of input , name Report Title - first line Pages i and ii TI Hunan Urban Development Project Report Title - second Pages i and ii T2 Consolidated Environmental line Assessment Summary

Report Title - third line Pages i and ii T3 Report Title or Heading - Left aligned in headers HLI Hunan Urban first line Report Title or Heading - Left aligned in headers HL2 Development Project second line Group Name Right aligned in headers HRI Mott MacDonald - first line Client/Associate Right aligned in headers HR2 Hunan Provincial (where applicable) - second line Development and Planning Commission Project Number Footers PRJNR Report Number Footers RPTNR 04 Revision Letter Issue and Revision REV B Record on page ii and footers Date of issue or report Page i, Issue and DATE February 2004 Revision Record on page ii and footers Initials of word processor Footers INI LQ

Notes I This column contains the 'Bookmarks'. Do not enter data directly into this column or any other column in the table. Similarly, do not delete data in the columns.

To enter data, right click at the centre of the particular cell in column 'X' and choose 'Update Field' from the menu to enter data through the dialogue box. Do not enter a void in any of the dialogue boxes, otherwise an error message will be displayed. Enter a couple of blank spaces instead. 2 If you delete a 'Bookmark', you will need to recreate it in the same place with the same name using 'Insert + Fields + Mail Merge + Ask'.

3This column and the appropriate locations in the report contain the 'Bookmark References'. These references can be updated by changing the 'View' from 'Normal' to 'Page Layout' and back again. 4If you delete a 'Bookmark Reference', you will need to recreate it in the same place with the same name using 'Insert + Fields + Links and References + Ref'. To help locate a reference (or any other 'Field Code') highlight the codes using 'Tools + Options + Field shading + Always'. 5Do not insert 'Carriage Returns' to split 'Bookmark references' in the report titles on pages i and ii, otherwise the title will not display correctly. Where a title line is too long, shorten it by changing the appropriate 'Bookmark' entry. Please see the guidance on the previous page regarding font name and size for the main title.

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