DOCSLIB.ORG

Accounting and Analysis of Industrial Carbon Emission of Changsha City

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Accounting and Analysis of Industrial Carbon Emission of Changsha City 2017 2nd International Conference on Environmental Science and Engineering (ESE 2017) ISBN: 978-1-60595-474-5 Accounting and Analysis of Industrial Carbon Emission of Changsha City 1,* 2 3 De-hua MAO , Hong-yu WU and Rui-zhi GUO 1College of Resources and Environment Science, Hunan Normal University, No. 36, Lushan road, Changsha, Hunan Province, China, PA 410081 2College of Resources and Environment Science, Hunan Normal University, No. 36, Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, China, PA 410081 3College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Hunan Normal University, No. 36, Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, China , PA 410081 *Corresponding author email: [email protected] Keywords: Industry, Energy Consumption, Production Process, Carbon Emission, Accounting, Temporal and Spatial Change. Abstract. Comprehensive considering the industrial production process and energy consumption, industrial carbon emissions of Changsha City were accounted for 2004 and 2013 and analyzed. The results show that: total industrial carbon emissions and average carbon emission per land area show a growth trend; carbon emission intensity showed a decreasing trend. The heavy industry accounted for the largest proportion of 54.33% in the carbon emissions structure, the spatial distribution showed characteristics that city central area is low and the edge area is high. Introduction Changsha city is the capital of Hunan Province, is located in the North of centre Hunan and includes three counties and six districts. It is situated at 111°53′E-114°15′E, 27°51′N-28°41'N which the total area is 11816 km2. The study area includes six districts: Furong district, Yuelu District, Wangcheng District, Tianxin District, Yuhua District, Kaifu District, and the area is 1909.9 km2. In 2016, the GDP was 9323.7 ×108 RMB yuan and increased 9.4% over the previous year, the total industrial value added was 3727.18×108 RMB yuan and increased 7.5% over the previous year, above-scale industrial added value was 3253.03 ×108 RMB yuan and increased 7.9%, including light industrial added value of 1446.84×108 RMB yuan and up 1.5%, heavy industrial added value of 1806.19×108 RMB yuan and up 13.6%. The main carbon emissions come from industry in Changsha City, to Changsha accounting and analysis of industrial carbon emission will provide science basis for accurate measures of industrial carbon emission reduction of Changsha City. Accounting Model of Industrial Carbon Emission In recent years, the problem of industrial carbon emissions was paid close attention to the international and domestic academic circles. The six kinds greenhouse gases 237 included in Kyoto Protocol were accounted in cities of western country. China as non annex contracting state focus on accounting of greenhouse gas emissions from city energy activities, industrial production processes, agriculture activities, forestry activities, city waste disposal and land use change. The city industrial carbon emissions were accounted mainly from the city industrial energy activities and industrial production process. Accounting of Carbon Emissions from Energy Consumption At present, the main accounting methods of carbon emissions from energy consumption at home and abroad are: Oak Ridge National Laboratory method, IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories method, IPCC national greenhouse gas reference method, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) Energy Institute method and the method provided by Xu [1]. The IPCC reference method was selected for accounting industrial carbon emissions of Changsha City for the more detailed fuel classification, easier to get the data and not perfect energy statistics system in the domestic city. According to the China Energy Statistics Yearbook statistics standard, Ye suggested that the final energy consumption includes mainly the following nine types[2]: coal, coke, crude oil, gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, fuel oil, natural gas and electricity. In this paper Changsha industrial energy carbon emissions accounting formula selected from IPCC reference method, however, emission factors of fuel use the data from China Provincial Greenhouse Gas Inventory Guidelines, the conversion coefficient and carbon emission coefficient of nine kinds of energy were shown in Table 1. Table 1. The conversion coefficient and carbon emission coefficient of different kind of energy. crude diesel fuel natural Electri coal coke gasoline kerosene oil oil oil gas -city conversion coefficient of 0.7143 0.9714 1.4286 1.4714 1.4714 1.4571 1.4286 13.3 1.229 standard coal* carbon emission 0.7476 0.1128 0.5854 0.5532 0.3416 0.5913 0.6176 0.4479 2.2132 coefficient** *conversion coefficient unit: electricity, t standard coal/ten thousand KWH; natural gas, t standard coal/ten 3 thousand m ; others, t standard coal/ten thousand/kilogram. ** carbon emission coefficient unit: t CO2 /t standard coal. Carbon emissions from energy consumption are mainly from combustion of rich- carbon fossil fuel, and CO2 from the combustion process is in little connection with combustion conditions (combustion efficiency, slag, ash and other waste in the carbon residue), so carbon emissions can be determined by the amount of fuel and fuel emission factor, carbon emission factor refers to the emission amount of CO2 from unit energy consumption, so the emission factor is decided by the carbon content of the fuel. Based on this, the calculation formula of carbon emissions from the energy consumption is as follows : ×= EFFE 44 ∑ i ∑ i ∑ ( CBAF iiii ××××= ) 12 . (1) In the formula 1, E for the total amount of industrial carbon emissions, F for 238 material energy consumption, EF for fuel emission factor, A for energy net calorific value; B for carbon content of energy unit calorific value, C for rate of carbon oxidation, i for all types of energy, carbon sequestration rate is assumed to be 0. Accounting Method of Carbon Emission from Industrial Production Process Chemical reaction or physical change process in industrial production will produce greenhouse gas emissions except energy consumption, the higher proportion emissions of greenhouse gases in some city in the industrial production was ignored always intentionally or unintentionally. According to the statistical methods of National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Guide of IPCC at 2006(IPCC,2006),statistical calculation of carbon emission in the industrial production process was made. The production process of carbon emissions mainly include cement, lime, calcium carbide, synthetic ammonia, soda ash, glass industry and metal smelting industry. Considering Changsha industrial data availability, the carbon emissions accounting were made only from production process of glass, calcium carbide, synthetic ammonia, soda ash. Based on content selection, processing to the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Guide of IPCC at 2006(second volumes), Carbon emission accounting methods in industrial production process are shown in Table 2. Table 2. The accounting methods of carbon emission in industrial production process. Subject Accounting Formula Illustration Mg :Glass production, EF :Default emission factor of Glass −××= CREFME )1( production g glass manufacture; CR :Broken glass ratio (default value) calcium AD :Activity level data, calcium carbide E = AD×EF carbide production production EF :emission facto AP :ammonia production FR :Fuel demand per unit output CCF :Carbon content factor of synthetic fuel ammonia COFCCFFRAPE 12/44 −××××= R co2 COF :Carbon oxidation factor of production fuel R :Recycled carbon dioxide in CO2 downstream use AD :Use amount of natural alkali ore or soda ash production soda ash EF :Emission factors per unit of production E = AD×EF natural alkali ore input or natural soda ash output Accounting Method of Industrial Carbon Emission Intensity Industrial carbon emission intensity refers to the carbon emissions produced by unit industrial added value. The change of industrial carbon emission intensity shows the changing trend and intensity of industrial growth and carbon emissions. 239 E ∑ i i T = GDP (2) ∑ i i . In the formula 2, T for carbon emission intensity; E for amount of Industrial carbon 4 8 emission, unit:10 tCO2; GDP for industrial added value, unit:10 RMB yuan. Accounting and Analysis of Industrial Carbon emission of Changsha City Accounting Illustration Accounting Boundary Setting. Because of the liquidity of greenhouse gas and open of city system, accurate accounting of carbon emissions is a worldwide problem, accounting of city industrial carbon emissions is more complicated. In determining the boundary of accounting, this paper draws the range from the World Business Council for Sustainable Development and World Resources Institute [3], the range of industrial emission source of Changsha City is divided into three kinds: Range 1 refers to the direct carbon emissions of industrial administrative departments within the administrative district of Changsha City; range 2 refers to the indirect emissions caused by industrial electricity and heat consumption; range 3 refers to all other indirect carbon emissions except the range 2, such as carbon emissions caused by import and export of industrial raw materials and semi-finished products. The paper only study carbon emissions of range 1 and 2 for data availability limitation. Data Source and Processing. The data used in this paper include the social and economic data, energy consumption data, land use related data and so on of Changsha City.The social and economic data, energy data from the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Artisanal Excellent User-Oriented
    Artistry is the mainstay of our expertise, ARTISANAL professionalism and undertakings. Catering to clients’ needs is the motivation for our continuous pursuit of EXCELLENT excellence. Clients’ satisfaction is our foremost and USER-ORIENTED ultimate goal. Catering to clients’ needs with artistry to win their satisfaction is the cornerstone of survival and sustainable development. INTERIM REPORT 2021 C ontents P.004 About Sino-Ocean P.006 Corporate Information P.008 Landbank Distribution P.010 Financial & Operation Highlights P.012 Chairman’s Statement P.018 Management Discussion & Analysis P.044 Investor Relations P.046 Sustainability Report P.050 Disclosure of Interests P.053 Corporate Governance and Other Information 002 SINO-OCEAN GROUP HOLDING LIMITED HOLDING GROUP SINO-OCEAN INTERIM REPORT INTERIM 2021 P.059 Report on Review of Interim Financial Information P.060 Condensed Consolidated Interim Balance Sheet P.062 Condensed Consolidated Interim Income Statement P.063 Condensed Consolidated Interim Statement of Comprehensive Income P.064 Condensed Consolidated Interim Statement of Changes in Equity C P.066 Condensed Consolidated Interim Cash Flow Statement ontents P.067 Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Information P.102 List of Project Names 003 SINO-OCEAN GROUP HOLDING LIMITED GROUP SINO-OCEAN INTERIM REPORT REPORT INTERIM 2021 2021 Sino-Ocean Group Holding Limited (“Sino-Ocean Group”) was founded in 1993 and has been With a strategic vision of becoming the “Creator of Building Health and Social Value”, Sino- ABOUT SINO-OCEAN listed on the Main Board of The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited since 28 September Ocean Group is committed to becoming a pragmatic comprehensive corporation focusing on 2007 (stock code: 03377.HK), with China Life Insurance Company Limited and Dajia Life investment and development while exploring related diversified new businesses.
    [Show full text]
  • Changsha:Gateway to Inland China
    0 ︱Changsha: Gateway to Inland China Changsha Gateway to Inland China Changsha Investment Environment Report 2013 0 1 ︱ Changsha: Gateway to Inland China Changsha Changsha is a central link between the coastal areas and inland China ■ Changsha is the capital as well as the economic, political and cultural centre of Hunan province. It is also one of the largest cities in central China(a) ■ Changsha is located at the intersection of three major national high- speed railways: Beijing-Guangzhou railway, Shanghai-Kunming railway (to commence in 2014) and Chongqing-Xiamen railway (scheduled to start construction before 2016) ■ As one of China’s 17 major regional logistics hubs, Changsha offers convenient access to China’s coastal areas; Hong Kong is reachable by a 1.5-hour flight or a 3-hour ride by CRH (China Railways High-speed) Changsha is well connected to inland China and the world economy(b) Domestic trade (total retail Total value of imports and CNY 245.5 billion USD 8.7 billion sales of consumer goods) exports Value of foreign direct Total value of logistics goods CNY 2 trillion, 19.3% investment and y-o-y USD 3.0 billion, 14.4% and y-o-y growth rate growth rate Total number of domestic Number of Fortune 500 79.9 million, 34.7% tourists and y-o-y growth rate companies with direct 49 investment in Changsha Notes: (a) Central China area includes Hunan Province, Hubei Province, Jiangxi Province, Anhui Province, Henan Province and Shanxi Province (b) Figures come from 2012 statistics Sources: Changsha Bureau of Commerce; Changsha 2012 National Economic and Social Development Report © 2013 KPMG Advisory (China) Limited, a wholly foreign owned enterprise in China and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative ("KPMG International"), a Swiss entity.
    [Show full text]
  • May 24, 2017 China's Hunan Province, Changsha Furong District
    May 24, 2017 Junqiu Hu Changsha Sancai Electron Technology CO, LTD. China's Hunan Province, Changsha Furong District million Jiali, road 439 Liuyang riverside, residential building Four floor ChangSha 410014 CHINA Re: EMVCo Letter of Approval - Contact Terminal Level 2 EMV Application Kernel: EMV2-LIB Version V2.6 Approval Number(s): 2-03982-1-1C-BCTS-0517-4.3f 2-03982-1-1OS-BCTS-0517-4.3f The EMV Application Kernel has been tested on the following terminal Terminal: WSC-002 PinPad: n/a Operating System: 1OS = ANDROID Version 6.0.1 Renewal Date: 16-May-2021 Report ID Session 1: TEMV1702122 - Beijing Unionpay Card Technology Co., Ltd. Shenzhen Branch Kernel Checksum: ECE82366 Configurations Checksums: Config Vendor Config ID Terminal Checksum 1C EMV-BASE 22 7A363D77 EMVCo, LLC, c/o Smart Consulting - 16 place Emile Zola - 13600 LA CIOTAT - FRANCE V260514 / 2-03982 Page 1 of 6 24 May 2017 Dear Junqiu Hu: EMVCo, LLC ("EMVCo"), a Delaware limited liability company, has received your request for Level 2 terminal type approval for the EMV Application Kernel identified above (hereafter refered to as the "Application"). In connection with your request, we have reviewed all test file number(s) listed above. After assessing such file(s), EMVCo has found reasonable evidence that the submitted samples of the above referenced Application sufficiently conform to EMV Integrated Circuit Card Specifications for Payment Systems, Version 4.3 of November 2011. EMVCo hereby grants your Application EMVCo Type Approval for Terminal Level 2, based on the requirements stated in the EMV 4.3 Specifications. Please note that EMVCo may publish this letter and publicly identify your Application as an approved Application, including in EMVCo's published list of approved Applications.
    [Show full text]
  • 8 Resettlement Organization
    RP1093 Pilot Demonstration of GEF City Cluster Eco-Transport Project (P121263) Public Disclosure Authorized Changsha West Integrated Transport Terminal Public Disclosure Authorized Resettlement Action Plan Public Disclosure Authorized Changsha Integrated Transport Hub Construction and Investment Co. Ltd January 2011, Changsha Public Disclosure Authorized CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 PROJECT INTRODUCTION............................................................................................ 3 1.2 PROJECT IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES....................................................... 3 1.2.1 The Project Impact.............................................................................................. 3 1.2.2 Measures to reduce the negative project impact................................................. 4 1.3 PREPARATION OF RESETTLEMENT PLAN AND MONITORING .............................................................................................................. 4 1.3.1 Detailed measurement survey(DMS) .................................................................. 4 1.3.2 Social and economic survey........................................................................... 5 1.4 THE OBJECTIVES OF RESETTLEMENT.................................................................... 5 2 THE PROJECT IMPACT.........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Prevalence of Reduced Visual Acuity Among School- Aged Children and Adolescents in 6 Districts of Changsha City: a Population-Based Survey
    Prevalence of reduced visual acuity among school- aged children and adolescents in 6 districts of Changsha city: a population-based survey Menglian Liao Central South University Zehuai Cai Central South University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1025-6056 Muhammad Ahmad Khan Central South University Wenjie Miao Changsha Aier eye Hospital Ding Lin Central South University Qiongyan Tang ( [email protected] ) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8148-0274 Research article Keywords: reduced visual acuity, cloud platform, epidemiology, risk factors Posted Date: August 19th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.21160/v4 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published on August 26th, 2020. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-020-01619-2. Page 1/15 Abstract Background: To calculate and evaluate the prevalence of reduced uncorrected distant visual acuity (UCDVA) in primary, middle and high schools in 6 districts of Changsha, Hunan, China. Methods: A population-based retrospective study was conducted in 239 schools in 6 districts of Changsha. After routine eye examination to rule out diseases that can affect refraction, 250,980 eligible students from primary, middle and high schools were enrolled in the survey. Then the uncorrected distant and near visual acuity of each eye were measured. Categories of schools, districts, grades, eye exercises and sports time were also documented and analyzed. Results: The overall prevalence of reduced UCDVA was 51.8% (95% condence interval [CI]: 51.6%-52.0%) in 6 districts of Changsha.
    [Show full text]
  • Panva Gas Holdings Limited
    IMPORTANT If you are in any doubt about this prospectus, you should consult your stockbroker, bank manager, solicitor, professional accountant or other professional adviser. PANVA GAS HOLDINGS LIMITED !"#$%&'* (incorporated in the Cayman Islands with limited liability) LISTING ON THE GROWTH ENTERPRISE MARKET OF THE STOCK EXCHANGE OF HONG KONG LIMITED PLACING Number of Placing Shares : 95,000,000 (subject to Over-allotment Option) Issue Price : $0.57 per Share Nominal value : $0.10 each Stock code : 8132 Sponsor TAI FOOK CAPITAL LIMITED Joint Lead Managers TAI FOOK SECURITIES COMPANY LIMITED CU SECURITIES LIMITED Co-Managers Luen Fat Securities Company Limited Peace Town Securities Limited Young Champion Securities Limited The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited and Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited take no responsibility for the contents of this prospectus, make no representation as to its accuracy or completeness and expressly disclaim any liability whatsoever for any loss howsoever arising from or in reliance upon the whole or any part of the contents of this prospectus. A copy of this prospectus, having attached thereto the documents specified in the paragraph headed “Documents delivered to the Registrar of Companies” in Appendix VI to this prospectus, has been registered by the Registrar of Companies in Hong Kong as required by section 342C of the Companies Ordinance, Chapter 32 of the Laws of Hong Kong. The Securities and Futures Commission and the Registrar of Companies in Hong Kong take no responsibility for the contents of this prospectus or any of the other documents referred to above. * For identification only 10th April, 2001 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GROWTH ENTERPRISE MARKET (“GEM”) OF THE STOCK EXCHANGE OF HONG KONG LIMITED (THE “STOCK EXCHANGE”) GEM has been established as a market designed to accommodate companies to which a high investment risk may be attached.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level
    Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level Corresponding Type Chinese Court Region Court Name Administrative Name Code Code Area Supreme People’s Court 最高人民法院 最高法 Higher People's Court of 北京市高级人民 Beijing 京 110000 1 Beijing Municipality 法院 Municipality No. 1 Intermediate People's 北京市第一中级 京 01 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Shijingshan Shijingshan District People’s 北京市石景山区 京 0107 110107 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Haidian District of Haidian District People’s 北京市海淀区人 京 0108 110108 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Mentougou Mentougou District People’s 北京市门头沟区 京 0109 110109 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Changping Changping District People’s 北京市昌平区人 京 0114 110114 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Yanqing County People’s 延庆县人民法院 京 0229 110229 Yanqing County 1 Court No. 2 Intermediate People's 北京市第二中级 京 02 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Dongcheng Dongcheng District People’s 北京市东城区人 京 0101 110101 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Xicheng District Xicheng District People’s 北京市西城区人 京 0102 110102 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Fengtai District of Fengtai District People’s 北京市丰台区人 京 0106 110106 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality 1 Fangshan District Fangshan District People’s 北京市房山区人 京 0111 110111 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Daxing District of Daxing District People’s 北京市大兴区人 京 0115
    [Show full text]
  • 2019-Ncov) Nucleic Acid Diagnostic Kit (PCR-Fluorescence Probing
    Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Nucleic Acid Diagnostic Kit (PCR-Fluorescence Probing) For Emergency Use Only Instructions for Use (24 Tests/kit and 48 Tests/kit) For in vitro Diagnostic (IVD) Use For Prescription Use only For Emergency Use Authorization only Doc. #: 2019-nCoV IFU Doc. Version: V00 Revision Date: 05-04-2020 Sansure Biotech Inc. No. 680, Lusong Road Yuelu District Changsha, Hunan Province, 410205 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA +86-731-88883176 http://eng.sansure.com.cn/ Table of Contents 1. Reference Number .......................................................................................1 2. Package Specification ..................................................................................1 3. Intended Use ................................................................................................1 4. Product Overview/Test Principle .................................................................1 5. Components Included within the Kit ...........................................................2 6. Reagent Stability and Transportation ..........................................................2 7. Components Required But Not Included within the Test ...........................2 8. Warnings and Precautions ...........................................................................3 9. Controls Materials ........................................................................................4 10. Sample Collection, Storage and Transportation ........................................4 11. Laboratory Procedure ................................................................................5
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    RP1230v1 AMAIL Public Disclosure Authorized World Bank’s Loan: Hunan Integrated Economic Development Of Small Towns Project Public Disclosure Authorized Resettlement Action Plan Public Disclosure Authorized Hunan Integrated Economic Development Demonstration Town Project Utilizing WB Loans Project Management Office December 15, 2011 Public Disclosure Authorized Table of Contents TOWN RESETTLEMENT PLAN .....................................................................1 1 BASIC SITUATION OF THE PROJECT..................................................... 21 1.1 Project Background .............................................................................. 21 1.2 Brief Introduction to the Project ............................................................ 41 1.3 Project Preparation and Progress ........................................................ 41 1.4 Identification of Associated Projects ..................................................... 51 1.5 Project Affected Areas .......................................................................... 51 1.5.1 Positive Impacts of the Project....................................................... 51 1.5.2 Impact of Land Acquisition and Demolition of the Project .............. 61 1.6 Total Investment and Implementation Plan of the Project................... 11 1 1.7 Measures for Mitigating the Project Impacts....................................... 11 1 1.7.1 Project Planning and Design Stages .................................................... 11 1 1.7.2 Construction Stage of the Engineering
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluating Economic Growth, Industrial Structure, and Water Quality of the Xiangjiang River Basin in China Based on a Spatial Econometric Approach
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Evaluating Economic Growth, Industrial Structure, and Water Quality of the Xiangjiang River Basin in China Based on a Spatial Econometric Approach Xiaohong Chen 1,2, Guodong Yi 1,2, Jia Liu 3,*, Xiang Liu 4,* and Yang Chen 1,2 1 School of Business, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; [email protected] (X.C.); [email protected] (G.Y.); [email protected] (Y.C.) 2 Institute of Big Data and Internet Innovation, Hunan University of Commerce, Changsha 410205, China 3 School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China 4 Institute of Finance, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.L.); [email protected] (X.L.); Tel.: +86-130-3711-0850 (J.L.); +86-185-7153-0906 (X.L.) Received: 30 July 2018; Accepted: 20 September 2018; Published: 25 September 2018 Abstract: This research utilizes the environmental Kuznets curve to demonstrate the interrelationship between economic growth, industrial structure, and water quality of the Xiangjiang river basin in China by employing spatial panel data models. First, it obtains two variables (namely, CODMn, which represents the chemical oxygen demand of using KMnO4 as chemical oxidant, and NH3-N, which represents the ammonia nitrogen content index of wastewater) by pretreating the data of 42 environmental monitoring stations in the Xiangjiang river basin from 2005 to 2015. Afterward, Moran’s I index is adopted to analyze the spatial autocorrelation of CODMn and NH3-N concentration. Then, a comparative analysis of the nonspatial panel model and spatial panel model is conducted.
    [Show full text]
  • Printmgr File
    THIS DOCUMENT IS IN DRAFT FORM, INCOMPLETE AND SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND THAT THE INFORMATION MUST BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE SECTION HEADED “WARNING” ON THE COVER OF THIS DOCUMENT. APPENDIX III PROPERTY VALUATION The following is the text of a letter and summary disclosure of values, prepared for the purpose of incorporation in this document received from Jones Lang LaSalle Corporate Appraisal and Advisory Limited, an independent valuer, in connection with its valuation as at 31 July 2020 of the selected property interests held by the Group, the Joint Ventures and Associate. Jones Lang LaSalle Corporate Appraisal and Advisory Limited 7th Floor, One Taikoo Place 979 King’s Road, Hong Kong tel +852 2846 5000 fax +852 2169 6001 Company License No.: C-030171 仲量聯行企業評估及咨詢有限公司 香港英皇道979號太古坊一座7樓 電話 +852 2846 5000 傳真 +852 2169 6001 公司牌照號碼：C-030171 [REDACTED] The Board of Directors Radiance Holdings (Group) Company Limited Unit 6701-02, 67/F The Center 99 Queen’s Road Central Central Hong Kong Dear Sirs, In accordance with your instructions to value the selected property interests held by Radiance Holdings (Group) Company Limited (the “Company”) and its subsidiaries (hereinafter together referred to as the “Group”), and 5 properties held by Company’s Joint Ventures and Associate in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”), we confirm that we have carried out inspections, made relevant enquiries and searches and obtained such further information as we consider necessary for the purpose of providing you with our opinion of the market values of the property interests as at 31 July 2020 (the “valuation date”).
    [Show full text]
  • Impacts of Land-Use Change on Ecosystem Service Value in Changsha, China
    J. Cent. South Univ. Technol. (2011) 18: 420−428 DOI: 10.1007/s11771−011−713−7 Impacts of land-use change on ecosystem service value in Changsha, China LIU Yun-guo(刘云国)1, 2, ZENG Xiao-xia(曾晓霞)1, 2, XU Li(徐立)1, 2, TIAN Da-lun(田大伦)3, ZENG Guang-ming(曾光明)1, 2, HU Xin-jiang(胡新将)1, 2, TANG Yin-fang(唐寅芳)1, 2 1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control of Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; 3. Life Science and Technical Institute, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China © Central South University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 Abstract: Changsha, a typical city in central China, was selected as the study area to assess the variations of ecosystem service value on the basis of land-use change. The analysis not only included the whole city but also the urban district where the landscape changed more rapidly in the center of the city. Two LANDSAT TM data sets in 1986 and 2000 and land use data of five urban districts from 1995 to 2005 were used to estimate the changes in the size of six land use categories. Meanwhile, previously published value coefficients were used to detect the changes in the value of ecosystem services delivered by each land category. The result shows that the total value of ecosystem services in Changsha declines from $1 009.28 million per year in 1986 to $938.11 million per year in 2000.
    [Show full text]