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Era Progress Report 2018 ERA PROGRESS REPORT 2018 Data gathering and information for the 2018 ERA monitoring – Technical Report Written by PPMI and Science-Metrix February 2019 Written by PPMI and Science-Metrix February 2019 EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General for Research and Innovation Directorate A – Policy Development and Coordination Unit A.2 – Research and Innovation Strategy E-mail: [email protected] European Commission B-1049 Brussels EUROPEAN COMMISSION ERA PROGRESS REPORT 2018 Data gathering and information for the 2018 ERA monitoring – Technical Report Written by: 2019 Directorate-General for Research and Innovation EN EUROPE DIRECT is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you) LEGAL NOTICE Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. The views expressed in this publication are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. More information on the European Union is available on the internet (http://europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2019. PDF ISBN 978-92-79-99760-0 doi:10.2777/103628 KI-01-19-101-EN-N © European Union, 2019. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. CONTENTS 3.1.1 Policy context .................................................................................................. 22 3.1.2 Headline indicator ............................................................................................ 25 3.1.3 Complementary EMM indicators ......................................................................... 28 3.1.4 Additional policy highlights ................................................................................ 34 3.2.1 Policy context .................................................................................................. 36 3.2.2 Headline indicator 2a – Transnational cooperation................................................ 37 3.2.3 Complementary EMM indicators 2a ..................................................................... 39 3.2.4 Additional policy highlights 2a ........................................................................... 44 3.2.5 Headline indicator 2b — European Strategy Forum for Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) .......................................................................................................... 45 3.2.6 Complementary EMM indicators ......................................................................... 48 3.2.7 Additional policy highlights 2b ........................................................................... 51 3.3.1 Policy context .................................................................................................. 53 3.3.2 Headline indicator ............................................................................................ 53 3.3.3 Complementary EMM indicators ......................................................................... 56 3.3.4 Additional policy highlights ................................................................................ 61 3.4.1 Policy context .................................................................................................. 63 3.4.2 Headline indicator ............................................................................................ 64 3.4.3 Complementary EMM indicators ......................................................................... 67 3.4.4 Additional policy highlights ................................................................................ 73 3.5.1 Policy context .................................................................................................. 76 3.5.2 Headline indicator 5a – Knowledge circulation ..................................................... 80 3.5.3 Complementary EMM indicators ......................................................................... 83 3.5.4 Additional policy highlights 5a ........................................................................... 88 3.5.5 Headline indicator 5b – Open access .................................................................. 88 3.5.6 Complementary EMM indicators ......................................................................... 93 3.5.7 Additional policy highlights 5b ......................................................................... 102 3.6.1 Policy context ................................................................................................ 104 3.6.2 Headline indicator .......................................................................................... 104 3.6.3 Complementary EMM indicators ....................................................................... 107 3.6.4 Additional policy highlights .............................................................................. 114 TABLES TABLE 1 MAIN SOURCES USED IN THE DESK RESEARCH AND DOCUMENT REVIEW ...................13 TABLE 2 MATRIX OF HEADLINE AND COMPLEMENTARY EMM INDICATORS ...........................16 TABLE 3 ERA COUNTRIES WITH/WITHOUT NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR R&I AS OF 2018 ...........23 TABLE 4 ADJUSTED RESEARCH EXCELLENCE INDICATOR (2010-2016) ............................27 TABLE 5 GBARD AS PERCENTAGE OF GDP (2009-2016) ...........................................31 TABLE 6 EUROPEAN INNOVATION SCOREBOARD SUMMARY INNOVATION INDEX (2010-2017)..33 TABLE 7 GBARD (EUR) ALLOCATED TO EUROPE-WIDE TRANSNATIONAL, AS WELL AS BILATERAL OR MULTILATERAL, PUBLIC R&D PROGRAMMES PER FTE RESEARCHER IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR (2007–2016) ..........................................................................38 TABLE 8 MEMBER STATES PARTICIPATION (EUR) IN PUBLIC-TO-PUBLIC PARTNERSHIPS PER FTE RESEARCHER IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR (2012–2016) ........................................41 TABLE 9 CO-PUBLICATIONS WITH ERA PARTNERS PER 1 000 RESEARCHERS IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR (2007-2016) ..........................................................................43 TABLE 10 AVAILABILITY OF NATIONAL ROADMAPS WITH IDENTIFIED ESFRI PROJECTS AND CORRESPONDING INVESTMENT NEEDS ..........................................................47 TABLE 11 SHARE OF DEVELOPING ESFRI PROJECTS AND OPERATIONAL ESFRI LANDMARKS IN WHICH A MEMBER STATE/ASSOCIATE COUNTRY IS A PARTNER (2018) ...................50 TABLE 12 NUMBER OF RESEARCHER POSTINGS ADVERTISED THROUGH THE EURAXESS JOB PORTAL, PER 1 000 RESEARCHERS IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR (2012-2016) ...............55 TABLE 13 SHARE OF DOCTORAL CANDIDATES WITH CITIZENSHIP OF ANOTHER EU MEMBER STATE (2013-2016) ....................................................................................58 TABLE 14 SHARE OF RESEARCHERS EXPRESSING SATISFACTION THAT THE HIRING PROCEDURES IN THEIR INSTITUTION ARE OPEN, TRANSPARENT AND MERIT-BASED (2012-2017) ......60 TABLE 15 SHARE OF WOMEN IN GRADE A POSITIONS IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION SECTOR (2014– 2016) ..............................................................................................66 TABLE 16 GENDER DIMENSION IN RESEARCH CONTENT (2007–2014) ...............................70 TABLE 17 SHARE OF FEMALE PHD GRADUATES (2013–2016) .........................................72 TABLE 18 PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF LEGAL AND NON-LEGAL MEASURES/POLICIES ON OA ACROSS ERA COUNTRIES ..................................................................................78 TABLE 19 SHARE OF PRODUCT AND/OR PROCESS INNOVATIVE FIRMS COOPERATING WITH UNIVERSITIES, GOVERNMENT, PUBLIC OR PRIVATE RESEARCH INSTITUTES (2012–2014) 82 TABLE 20 SHARE OF PUBLIC RESEARCH FINANCED BY THE PRIVATE SECTOR (2007-2015) ........85 TABLE 21 NUMBER OF PUBLIC–PRIVATE CO-PUBLICATIONS PER MILLION POPULATION (2010-2017) 87 TABLE 22 SHARE OF SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS AVAILABLE IN OPEN ACCESS (2016) ..............92 TABLE 23 RFOS (I.E. MEMBERS OF SCIENCE EUROPE OR OTHER IMPORTANT SOURCES OF NATIONAL FUNDING) PROVIDING FUNDS TO COVER COSTS OF OA PUBLISHING AS OF AUGUST 2018 – PART 1 OF 2 .....................................................................................95 TABLE 24 RFOS (I.E. MEMBERS OF SCIENCE EUROPE OR OTHER IMPORTANT SOURCES OF NATIONAL FUNDING) PROVIDING FUNDS TO COVER COSTS OF OA PUBLISHING AS OF AUGUST 2018 – PART 2 OF 2 .....................................................................................96 TABLE 25 SHARE OF A COUNTRY’S MAIN RFOS’ SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS AVAILABLE IN OA (2016) – PART 1 OF 2...........................................................................98 TABLE 26 SHARE OF A COUNTRY’S MAIN RFOS’ SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS AVAILABLE IN OA (2016) – PART 2 OF 2...........................................................................99 TABLE 27 SHARE OF LIFE SCIENCES PAPERS TO WHICH A COUNTRY CONTRIBUTED AND THAT HAVE AT LEAST ONE OPEN DATA SET IN FIGSHARE (2013–2017) ................................. 101 ii TABLE 28 CO-PUBLICATIONS WITH NON-ERA PARTNERS PER 1 000 RESEARCHERS IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR (2007-2016) ........................................................................ 106 TABLE 29 NON-EU DOCTORATE STUDENTS AS A SHARE OF ALL DOCTORATE STUDENTS (2013- 2016) ............................................................................................ 109 TABLE 30 KNOWLEDGE-INTENSIVE SERVICES EXPORTS AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL SERVICES EXPORTS (2010-2016) ......................................................................
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