Unhappy Meals The extent of fast food in our most deprived communities How does each Local Authority (council) compare to the England Average for the number of fast food outlets per person? Most Less Deprivation Double the England Half of the Deprived average average average

Barking and Kingston upon Blackburn with Blackpool Manchester Knowsley Liverpool Dagenham Birmingham Hackney Sandwell Hull Nottingham Burnley Newham Hastings Darwen

Stoke-on-Trent Middlesbrough Rochdale Hyndburn Wolverhampton Salford Bradford Leicester Tameside Great Yarmouth Hartlepool South Tyneside Tower Hamlets Islington

Oldham East Lindsey Walsall Tendring Sunderland Thanet Lewisham Pendle Haringey Barnsley Halton St. Helens Doncaster Lambeth

Barrow-in- Less Deprivation Less Southwark Furness Waltham Forest Preston Bolton Torbay Brent Rotherham Fenland Luton Peterborough Gateshead Southampton Mansfield

Redcar and North East Portsmouth Bolsover Enfield Greenwich Norwich Cleveland Ashfield Wakefield County Durham Lincolnshire Torridge Lincoln Swale Corby

Newcastle upon King's Lynn and Folkestone and Ipswich Plymouth Slough Tyne Scarborough Calderdale Wirral Copeland West Norfolk Isle of Wight Coventry Bristol Cornwall Hythe

Hammersmith and Boston Chesterfield Kirklees Ealing Sefton Derby Rossendale Leeds Sheffield North Norfolk Hounslow Fulham Wigan Medway

Telford and Nuneaton and Wrekin Harlow Bedworth Croydon Darlington Dudley Northampton Eastbourne Dover Bassetlaw Allerdale Bury Basildon Lancaster

Stockton-on- North Kensington and Tees Wyre Forest Carlisle Thurrock Stevenage Redditch Gravesham Lincolnshire Sedgemoor Chelsea North Devon Wellingborough Tamworth Cannock Chase

Brighton and Breckland North Tyneside Southend-on-Sea Gosport Northumberland Camden Havant Westminster Rother Crawley Herefordshire Gloucester West Devon Hove

Somerset West Newark and Newcastle- Reading and Taunton Forest of Dean South Holland Dartford West Lindsey Wyre Sherwood Arun under-Lyme Hillingdon Ashford Broxbourne Stockport

Bournemouth, North East Christchurch Warwickshire Bedford Staffordshire East Suffolk Worcester Redbridge Kettering Mid Devon South Somerset Adur Shropshire and Poole Amber Valley Erewash

North East Eden Mendip Swindon Milton Keynes Wandsworth Worthing Warrington West Suffolk Derbyshire West Lancashire Havering Ryedale Colchester Castle Point

Cheshire West and Chester Barnet Canterbury Teignbridge Malvern Hills Maidstone Oxford Bexley Wychavon Chorley Exeter Lewes Watford Rushmoor

Staffordshire Dorset Fylde Harrow Epping Forest Spelthorne High Peak Braintree Moorlands Cambridge Solihull Gedling City of London Trafford South Ribble

North West East Riding of South Maldon Babergh Chichester Merton Welwyn Hatfield Leicestershire Yorkshire Derbyshire South Hams Cherwell North Somerset Rugby Broxtowe Hertsmere

East Hinckley and South Tonbridge and South Norfolk Northamptonshire Sutton Cheshire East Mid Suffolk Bromley Wiltshire Bosworth Stafford South Kesteven Staffordshire Malling Cheltenham East Devon

Basingstoke and Oadby and Craven Dacorum New Forest South Lakeland Daventry Charnwood Isles of Scilly Deane Huntingdonshire Melton Wigston Lichfield Richmondshire Selby Less Deprivation

Stratford-on- Central Derbyshire East Sevenoaks Wealden Hambleton Runnymede Broadland Tandridge Avon Chelmsford Tewkesbury Test Valley Warwick Bedfordshire Dales Cambridgeshire

South North Kingston upon Bath and North Reigate and Gloucestershire North Kesteven Hertfordshire Thames Bromsgrove Cotswold Tunbridge Wells East Somerset York Banstead Aylesbury Vale Harrogate Stroud Wycombe

Bracknell Blaby Ribble Valley Woking Forest East Hampshire Rochford Brentwood Eastleigh West Berkshire Horsham Three Rivers South Bucks Winchester Mole Valley

Richmond upon South West South Windsor and Vale of White East Uttlesford Guildford Thames Fareham Epsom and Ewell Cambridgeshire Oxfordshire Oxfordshire Rutland Maidenhead Horse St Albans Hertfordshire Harborough

South Surrey Heath Elmbridge Mid Sussex Northamptonshire Waverley Rushcliffe Chiltern Wokingham Hart Least Less Deprivation Deprived Easy access to fast food outlets presents a challenge to tackling obesity. Fast food is often unhealthy, and also cheaper than healthy alternatives. This graphic shows the stark difference in the number of fast food outlets per person between the most deprived local authorities (top-left), and the least deprived (bottom-right). It highlights a significant challenge in deprived communities: people have less money available for food, and there are more unhealthy outlets to choose from.

Tackling obesity will require more than individual action: local and national policymakers in charge of public health must work to restrict the number of fast food outlets, especially in deprived areas. Deprivation data was sourced from the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2019, and fast food outlet data from Public Health England . (note: City of London is removed due to its very low resident population). This graphic was produced using free and open-source software (R and Inkscape). For data sources, code, and images used, go to: github.com/CharlesTheFifth/unhappy-meals. Created by Charlie Steer for the NHS Visual Data Challenge 2020