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Home , Arbor vitae (anatomy), Choroid plexus, Collateral eminence, Diagonal band of Broca, Extreme capsule, Facial colliculus

PROSECTION GOALS

SESSION I - Membranes of the Brain

Introduction Self-study

• Types of nerve cells • Attachments and venous sinuses in relation to • Parts of brain • • Tentorium cerebelli • Prosection • • Dura, arachnoid & • Nerve supply of of • Dural folds, venous sinuses • Anterior middle and posterior cranial • Subarachnoid cisterns fossae • Cerebello-medullary cistern (cisterna • Subarachnoid cisterns • magna) • CSF circulation

• • Cisternal puncture • Cisterna pontis • Cisterna ambiens

Diagrams to be drawn

• Meninges of brain • Transverse section of through upper cervical region

BRAIN PROSECTION GOALS

SESSION II – Blood Vessels of Brain and Base of Brain

Prosection Self-study Origin, course, branches and areas of distribution Circle of Willis: of • Internal carotid arteries • Internal carotid artery • Anterior cerebral arteries • Vertebral artery • Anterior communicating artery • Basilar artery • Posterior communicating arteries Formation and applied anatomy of circle of Willis • Posterior cerebral arteries Venous drainage of brain Other arteries: Collateral circulation in case of block in • Basilar artery • Internal carotid artery • Anterior choroidal arteries • Vertebral artery • Middle cerebral arteries Subclavian steal syndrome • Vertebral arteries • Superior cerebellar arteries • Anterior inferior cerebellar arteries • Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries • Anterior & posterior spinal arteries

Base of brain • Cerebral peduncles • Optic chiasma • • • Mammillary bodies • Posterior perforated substance • Anterior perforated substances • Superficial attachment of all

Diagrams to be drawn

• Blood vessels of the brain • Distribution of blood supply on superolateral, medial and inferior surface of • T S of at pyramidal decussation

BRAIN PROSECTION GOALS

SESSION III – : Medulla oblongata and

Prosection Self-study Medulla oblongata • To draw and label transverse sections of medulla oblongata through External surface ➢ Pyramidal decussation • Anterior median fissure ➢ • Posterior median sulcus ➢ Mid-olivary level • Pyramid • Olive • To draw and label transverse sections of pons • Inferior cerebellar peduncles through • Fasciculus gracilis &gracile tubercle ➢ Facial colliculi • Fasciculus cuneatus & cuneate tubercle ➢ Upper pontine level • Foramen caecum • Attachments of IX, X, XI, XII cranial • Nuclei of origin, functional components, nerves course and distribution of: ➢ (III cranial nerve) ➢ (IV cranial nerve) Pons ➢ (V cranial nerve) External surface ➢ Abducent nerve (VI cranial nerve) ➢ (VII cranial nerve) • Basilar sulcus ➢ Vestibulo-cochlear nerve (VIII cranial Nerve) • Transverse fibres (Auditory pathway) • Middle cerebellar peduncles ➢ Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX cranial nerve) • Attachments of V, VI, VII, VIII cranial ➢ (X cranial nerve) nerves ➢ (XI cranial nerve) ➢ (XII cranial nerve)

Diagrams to be drawn • T S of Medulla oblongata at sensory decussation • T S of Medulla oblongata at mid-olivary level • T S of pons at

BRAIN PROSECTION GOALS

SESSION IV–, ,

Prosection Prosection Cerebellum Midbrain • Superior vermis • Tectum • Inferior vermis • Superior and inferior colliculi • Vallecula of cerebellum • Brachium of • Floccullo-nodular lobe • Brachium of • • Cerebral peduncles • Inferior medullary velum • Crus cerebri • Fissura prima • • Horizontal fissure • • Postero-lateral fissure • Cerebellar cortex - layers Self-study • cerebelli • Fissures & lobes of cerebellum, functional & • Superior developmental divisions of cerebellum • Middle cerebellar peduncle • Cerebellar cortical architecture • Inferior cerebellar peduncle ▪ Purkinje • Deep intracerebellar nuclei (especially ▪ Cerebellar glomerulus dentate ) • Cerebellar nuclei Fourth ventricle • Connections & functions of cerebellum Roof • Attachments, functional tracts in • Median and lateral apertures ▪ Inferior Cerebellar peduncle • Median dorsal, lateral dorsal and lateral ▪ Middle cerebellar peduncle recesses ▪ Superior Cerebellar peduncle • and of • Boundaries, communications, recesses, fourth ventricle choroid plexus and applied anatomy offourth Floor of fourth ventricle ventricle • Stria medullaris • Location, connections and functions of • Median sulcus ▪ • Medial eminence ▪ Substantia nigra • Facial colliculus • Location and components of • Superior and inferior fovea ▪ Crus Cerebri • ▪ Auditory pathway • • Nuclei of origin, functional components, • Hypoglossal triangle course and distribution of • Vagal triangle ▪ Oculomotor nerve • Vestibular area ▪ Trochlear nerve

Diagrams to be drawn

• T S of pons at trigeminal nucleus • T S of midbrain at inferior colliculus • T S of midbrain at superior colliculus • Floor of fourth ventricle

BRAIN PROSECTION GOALS

SESSION V–: Sulci, Gyri, Lobes and Functional areas

Prosection Medial surface • Median longitudinal fissure • – Rostrum, Genu, Trunk / • Superolateral surface body, Splenium • Medial surface of cerebral hemisphere • Callosal sulcus • Inferior surface • Cingulate gyrus Lobes (with boundaries) • Cingulate sulcus • Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal • Medial frontal gyrus lobe • Paracentral lobule and occipital lobe • Calcarine sulcus Superolateral surface • Parieto-occipital sulcus • Central sulcus • Cuneus • Precentral gyrus • Precuneus • • Paracentral lobule • Superior, middle & inferior frontal gyri • Paraolfactory gyrus • Posterior ramus, ascending and • Parahippocampal gyrus horizontal rami of lateral sulcus • • Pars orbitalis, pars triangularis& pars • Optic chiasma opercularis • Ant. Commissure • • Interventricular foramen of Monro • Superior, middle & inferior temporal • gyri • • Supramarginal and angular gyri • • Parieto-occipital sulcus • • Preoccipital notch • Pineal body • Intraparietal sulcus • • Superior & inferior parietal lobules • • Lunate sulcus • Choroid fissure

Inferior surface Functional areas • Olfactory sulcus • Primary somatomotor area (Ms I) • • Secondary somatomotor area (Ms II) • • Primary somatosensory area (Sm I) • Olfactory trigone • Secondary somatosensory area (Sm II) • Olfactory striae - medial and lateral • Broca’s motor speech area • Gyrus rectus • Wernicke’s sensory speech area • Anterior, posterior, medial and lateral • Primary auditory area (A I) orbital gyri • Auditory association area (A II) • Rhinal sulcus • Primary visual area (V I) • Parahippocampal gyrus and uncus • Visual association area (V II) • and • Higher association areas • Medial & lateral occipito-temporal gyri • Lingual gyrus

Self-Study Boundaries, sulci and gyri, functional areas, connections, blood supply and applied anatomy of: Frontal lobe, Parietal lobe, Temporal lobe, Occipital lobe BRAIN PROSECTION GOALS

SESSION VI –Cerebrum: , Lateral Ventricle, III Ventricle

Prosection Lateral ventricle White matter Anterior Horn • Corpus callosum • • Rostrum • Head of • Genu • Genu of corpus callosum • Trunk • Splenium Body • Tapetum • Floor- thalamus, caudate nucleus, • Forceps minor thalamostriate vein, stria termialis, • Forceps major choroid plexus • • Roof- trunk &splenium of corpus callosum • • Posterior Horn • Fornix and commissure of fornix • Medial wall- bulb of post. Horn & calcar (Hippocampal commissure) avis • • Lateral wall- tapetum • Striahabenularis (Striamedullaris thalami) Inferior Horn • • Collateral trigone • - Anterior limb, • Roof- stria terminalis, tail of caudate genu, posterior limb, retrolentiform nucleus part and sublentiform part • Floor- hippocampal eminence, pes • hippocampi, , choroid • fissure and plexus

III ventricle Self study • Roof • Classification and definition of each type • Floor- Infundibular& optic recesses of white matter of cerebrum • • Lateral wall Areas connected by various association bundles (short and long), commissural • Anterior wall- lamina terminalis fibres and projection fibres • Posterior wall- pineal & suprapineal • Parts, type of fibres, areas connected, recesses functions and blood supply and applied

anatomy of Internal capsule Corpus callosum • Boundaries, communications, recesses, choroid plexus formation and applied anatomy of Lateral ventricle

Diagrams to be drawn • Cerebrum – Sulci and gyri on superolateral, medial and inferior surface

BRAIN PROSECTION GOALS

SESSION VII – (the edge of hemisphere) and Basal nuclei

Prosection Self-study

Parts of limbic system • Components and functions of limbic system

➢ Olfactory tract • Olfactory pathway ➢ Olfactory trigone ➢ Olfactory striae ➢ • Parts & connections of fornix & functions of ➢ Piriform cortex - entorhinal area hippocampus ➢ Paraterminal gyrus ➢ ➢ Gyrus fasciolaris • Components, connections, functions, blood ➢ Cornu ammonis supply & applied anatomy of corpus / ➢ Hippocampal gyrus basal nuclei ➢ Dentate gyrus ➢ Paraolfactory area ➢ Cingulate gyrus ➢ Isthmus ➢ Parahippocampal gyrus ➢ Fimbria, crura, body & columns of fornix ➢ Stria terminalis ➢ Septal nuclei in septum pellucidum and in lamina terminalis Basal nuclei

➢ Head, body, tail of caudate nucleus ➢ Lentiform nucleus ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢

Diagrams to be drawn • Horizontal section of cerebrum depicting basal nuclei and internal capsule • Lateral ventricle of brain showing o Relations of anterior horn o Relations of body and inferior horn o Relations of posterior horn

BRAIN PROSECTION GOALS

SESSION VIII–Nuclei and connections of thalamus and hypothalamus

Prosection Self-study

Parts of • Visual pathway • Nuclei, connections & functions of • Dorsal thalamus ▪ Thalamus

• Hypothalamus ▪ Hypothalamus • • Metathalamus (medial & lateral geniculate bodies) • • Optic chiasma • Optic tracts • Tuber cinereum • Mamillary bodies • Posterior perforated substance • Pineal body • Pineal stalk • Habenular nucleus • Habenular commissure • Posterior commissure

Diagrams to be drawn • Visual pathway • Auditory pathway