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The Popul of Trinidad Ion and Tobag World PopulmSrYear THE POPUL ION OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAG CI. GR. 1974 World Population Year THE POPULATION OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO By JACK HAREWOOD CI.C.R.E.D. Series 1975 •I CONTENTS Page No CHAPTER 1 - POPULATION GROWTH Introduction ••• ... ... 1 Before the Period of Censuses ... ... 3 The Period of Censuses — ... ... 4 1844-1881 ... ... ... 6 1881-1921 ... ... ... 8 1921-1960 ». ... ... 9 1960-1970 ». ... ... 10 Summary ... ... ... ... 12 CHAPTER 2 - COMPONENTS OF POPULATION GROWTH Introduction ... ... ... 14 International Migration ... ... ... 14 Indenture Immigration ... ... 14 Other Immigration ... ... ... 17 Emigration in the 1960's ... ... 22 Natural Increase Absolute Increase ... ... ... 25 Rates of Natural Increase ... ... 27 Deaths Crude Death Rates ... ... ... 27 Causes of Death ... ... ... 29 Life Table Functions 31 (i) Expectation of Life ... ... 31 (ii) Survivorship ... ... 35 (iii) Mortality by Age ... ... 36 A Comparison with some other Caribbean Countries ... ... ... 42 in CONTENTS - Continued Page No. Births a. 1901-1960 Crude Birth Rates ... ... 43 Women of Child-Bearing Age ... ... 44 Gross and Net Reproduction Rates ... 45 Fertility Differentials by Ethnic Origin ... 48 Economic and Social Factors Affecting Fertility 50 b.1960-1970 Crude Birth Rates ... ... 50 Period Fertility Rates ... ... 51 Birth-Order (Parity) ... ... 53 Census Fertility Rates (Children Ever Born per Woman) ... ... ... 53 Summary ... ... ... ... 56 CHAPTER 3 - POPULATION DISTRIBUTION AND INTERNAL MIGRATION Introduction ... ... ... ... 57 Population Distribution ... ... ... 57 Urban-Rural Residence" ... ... 65 Internal Migration Internal Migrants —1946 Census ... 71 Internal Migrants — 1960 Census ... 72 Internal Migrants -1970 Census ... 78 Summary ... ... ... ... 88 IV CONTENTS - Continued Page No. CHAPTER 4 - POPULATION COMPOSITION Introduction ... 89 Country of Birth 89 Ethnic Origin/Race Growth of Ethnic Groups 94 Age Distribution 99 Sex Distribution 101 Geographic Distribution 103 Religion 107 Education 111 Literacy 1911-1946 113 Educational Attainment: 1960-1970 115 Age/Sex Structure Age Groups Under 2 Years and 2—14 Years 123 Age Group 15-44 Years 126 Age Groups 45—64 and 65 Years and Over 129 Summary 130 CHAPTER 5 - THE ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION Introduction 132 The Economically Active Population 1891-1960 132 Characteristics of the Economically Active Population, 1891-1946 139 Occupations 1891-1946 ... ... 139 Industries, 1931-1946 ... ... 144 Characteristics of the Economically Active Population, 1946-1960... ... ... 146 CONTENTS - Continued Page No. Type of Worker ... ... ... 146 Industry ... ... ... ... 147 The Current Labour Force - Structure and Trends ... 151 Summary ... ... ... ... 164 Definition of Terms Relating to Economic Activity 165 CHAPTER 6 - FERTILITY AND MATING Introduction ... ... ... ... 168 Differential Fertility ... ... ... 168 Education ... ... ... 168 Ethnic Origin ... ... ... 172 Education and Ethnic Origin ... ... 177 Religion ... ... ... ... 178 Education and Religion 181 Ethnic Origin and Religion ... ... 184 Economic Activity ... ... ... 186 Place of Residence ... ... ... 187 Mating Patterns ... ... ... 189 Contraception ... ... ... ... 194 The National Family Planning Programme ... 195 Knowledge, Approval and Practice of Contraception by Women ... ... 198 Summary ... ... ... ... 209 VI CONTENTS - Concluded Page No. CHAPTER 7 - POPULATION PROJECTIONS Introduction ... ». ••• ••• 210 Assumptions on which Projections are Based ... 211 Assumptions on Mortality ... ... 211 Assumptions on Fertility ... ... 212 Assumptions on International Migration ... 213 The Projections ... ... ... 215 Summary ... ... ... ... 232 vu LIST OF MAPS AND DIAGRAMS Page No. Diagram 1.1 Population Growth, 1844-1970 ... 7 Diagram 2.1 Crude Birth Rates and Crude Death Rates, 1881-1970 ... ... 26 Diagram 2.2 Life Table Death Rates - Males ... 37 Diagram 2.3 Life Table Death Rates - Females ... 38 Diagram 2.4 Age Specific Fertility Rates, 1959-1961, 1969-1971 (a), 1969-1971 (b) ... 46 Diagram 3.1 Density Map Trinidad and Tobago Persons per Square Kilometre by Wards, 1970 64 Diagram 4.1 The Population of Trinidad: Trinidad-Born and Immigrants 1844-1931 ... 90 Diagram 4.2 Age Pyramids 1901,1921, 1946, I960 and 1970 ... ... ... 124 Diagram 4.3 Sex Ratios of: Cohort under 2 years and Births in the preceding 2 years 1891—1970 127 Diagram 5.1 Age Specific Worker Rates, 1946 and 1960 138 Diagram 5.2 Labour Force Participation Rates, 1965, 1967,1971 ... ... 152 Diagram 6.1 Children Ever Born per 1,000 Women by Ethnic Origin 15—64.Years of Age ... 176 Diagram 6.2 Children Ever Born per 1,000 Women by Age and Religion ... ... 180 Diagram 6.3 Children Ever Born per 1,000 Women by by Age, Education and Religion ... 183 Diagram 6.4 Children Ever Born per 1,000 Women and per 1,000 Mothers by Age and Union Status 192A Diagram 7.1 Population Growth (Projections) 1970- 2000 - Four Variants ... ... 214 Diagram 7.2 Age Pyramids Year 1970 and Four (4) Variants for Year 2,000 ... 226A vui LIST OF TABLES Page No. Table 1A. Estimated Population of the British Caribbean 1764-1787, and 1844, and Slaves Registered 1817-1834 ... ... ... ... 5 Table IB. Growth of Population for Census Periods, 1844-1970 ... ... ... ... 6 Table 2A. Components of Inter-Censal Population Increase for Trinidad (only) 1844-1921 ... 16 Table 2B. Sources of Indentured and Associated Immi- gration into Trinidad 1838-1918 ... 16 Table 2C. Components of Population Growth 1901-1970 18 Table 2D. Annual Net Migration and Annual Natural Increase for Selected Commonwealth Caribbean Countries 1881-1970 ... ... ... 20 Table 2E. Estimated Gross and Net Inter-Censal Migration, 1931-1970 ... ... 21 Table 2F. Net External Migration During the Period 1965-1969 by Age Group and Sex ... 22 Table 2G. Components of Growth for Each Year, 1946- 1956 (Both Sexes) ... ... ... 24 Table 2H. Crude Birth Rates, Crude Death Rates and Crude Rates of Natural Increase: Annual Averages for Five-Year Periods ... ... 27 Table 2J (i) Analysis of Mortality from Various Diseases 30 Table 2J (ii) Analysis of Mortality from Various Diseases 32 Table 2K. Expectation of Life at Birth (Average Length of Life) ... ... ... ... 34 Table 2L. Survivorship (lx) ... ... ... 35 Table 2M. Infant Mortality Rates: Annual Averages for Five-Year Periods ... ... ... 36 Table 2N. Life-Table Death Rates (1000 nqx) ... 39 Table 2P. Age in Years at Which the Life Table Cohort is Reduced by One-Quarter and by One-Half ... 41 Table 2Q. Expectation of Life at Birth (Average Length of Life) for Five Commonwealth Caribbean Countries, 1910-1970 ... ... 43 ix LIST OF TABLES - Continued Page No. Table 2R (i) (a) Women of Child-Bearing Age (15-44 Years) as a Proportion of the Total Popu- lation, 1901-1970 and (b) Crude Birth Rates: Annual Averages for Five-Year Periods ... ... ... ... 44 Table 2R (li) Women of Child-Bearing Age (15-44 Years) by Five-Year Age Groups, 1901- 1970 (Proportions) ... ... ... 45 Table 2S. Age-Specific Fertility Rates 1959-1961 and 1969-1971 ... ... ... ... 47 Table 2T. Gross and Net Reproduction Rates ... 47 Table 2U. Birth-Rates for Five West Indian Populations, 1869-1959 (per thousand) ... ... 48 Table 2V. Estimated Joint Reproduction Rates for Five West Indian Populations ... ... 49 Table 2W. Joint Gross Reproduction Rates for British Guiana ... ... ... ... 49 Table 2X. Crude Birth Rate 1959-1971 ... ... 51 Table 2Y. Age-Specific Fertility Rates and Total Fertility Rates, 1960-1971 ... ... ... 52 Table 2Z. Maternities (Proportions) by Agé of Mother and Parity ... ... ... ... 53 Table 2AA. (a) Children Ever Born per Female, (b) Number of Mothers per 100 Females, (c) Children Ever Born per Mother, 1946,1960, 1970 ... ... ... ... 55 Table 3A. Population by Administrative Area, 1921-1970 58 Table 3B. Average Annual Rates of Growth in Inter-censal Periods for each Administrative Area ... 59 Table 3C. Proportion of the Total Population in Each Administrative Area 1921-1970 ... 60 Table 3D. Percentage Point Differences and Indexes of Dissimilarity for Major Administrative Areas 62 Table 3E. Density per Square Kilometre for Administrative Areas ... ... ... ... 63 LIST OF TABLES - Continued Page No. Table 3F. Concentration Ratio for Major Administrative Areas 1921-1970 ... ... ... 65 Table 3G. The Population of the Main Towns, Suburbs, Special Areas and Small Towns, I960 and 1970 67 Table 3H. Size Distribution of Main Towns and Small Towns 1960 ... ... ... 68 Table 3J. In-Migrants, Out-Migrants and Net Migrants for Each Administrative Area— 1946 Census 71 Table 3K. Local Born Internal Migrants (Both Sexes) Who Moved Into 1960 Residence in the Period 1946-1960 Showing Net Movement Between Areas: (Place of Birth and Place of Present Residence) ... ... ... ... 73 Table 3L. Local Born Internal Migrants. (Both Sexes) Who Moved Into 1960 Residence in the Period Before 1946. Net Movement Between Areas: (Place of Birth and Place of Present Residence) 75 Table 3M. (a) Sex Ratios and (b) Migrant Rates for In- Migrants and Out-Migrants by Period of Movement (1960 Census) ... ... 79 Table 3N. Net Internal Migrants by Sex: 1960 and 1970 Census ... ... ... 82 Table 1 3P. Local Born Internal Migrants (Both Sexes) Who Moved into 1970 Residence in the Period 1961-1970 Showing Net Movement Between Areas: (Place of Birth and Place of Present Residence) ... ... ... ... 84 Table 3Q. Age Distribution and Sex Ratios of the Total Population and Internal Migrants 1970 Census 86 Table 3R. Total Population and Internal Migrants 15 Years Old and
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