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The Courlander Experience in Tobago
THE COURLANDER EXPERIENCE IN TOBAGO THE REPUBLIC OF LATVIA: A maritime nation on the Baltic sea with excellent ports, 64.589km2 in area and a population of nearly 2.000.000 inhabitants. There are apx. 1.500.000 Latvians living in Latvia and the rest of the world. 2018 marks the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Republic of Latvia. COURLANDERS: Latvians from the province of Courland (Kurzeme). In the days of the Duchy of Courland and Semgallia, a “Courlander” could also be an inhabitant of the province of Semgallia. “Courlander” is a literal translation of the Latvian kurzemnieks. The academic word for anything pertaining to Courland is Couronian. THE DUCHY OF COURLAND AND SEMGALLIA: A de facto independent nation formed in 1561 and existing until 1795, comprised of 2 modern day provinces of Latvia, and ruled by the German-Baltic dukes of Courland, although officially a part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The flags of Courland consisted of a red and white 2 band flag and the red and black “crab” flag which originated in Tobago, as there are no crabs of this type in Latvia. As such, it can be considered the first flag of Tobago. CHRONOLOGY 1639 Sent by Duke Jacob, probably involuntarily, 212 Courlanders arrive in Tobago. Unprepared for tropical conditions, they eventually perish. 1642 (possibly 1640) Duke Jacob engages a Brazilian, capt. Cornelis Caroon (later, Caron) to lead a colony comprised basically of Dutch Zealanders, that probably establishes itself in the flat, southwestern portion of the island. Under attack by the Caribs, 70 remaining members of the original 310 colonists are evacuated to Pomeron, Guyana, by the Arawaks. -
TT Fifth National Report to the CBD FINAL.Pdf
5th National Report of Trinidad and Tobago to the CBD Acknowledgements The completion of this report was made possible through inputs from the following persons, organizations and institutions: Technical Support Unit –Ms. Candice Clarence (EMA); Project team leaders – Ms. Hyacinth Armstrong- Vaughn (IUCN); Ms. Maria Pia Hernandez (IUCN); Local coordinator for preparation of T&T’s 5th National Report – Ms. Keisha Garcia; Technical Consultants – Mr. Shane Ballah; Mr. Guillermo Chan (IUCN); Mr. Jose Courrau (IUCN); Ms. Renee Gift; Ms. Nakita Poon Kong; Mr. Naitram Ramnanan (CABI); National Oversight Committee – Ms. Candace Amoroso (EPPD, Ministry of Planning and Development); Ms. Xiomara Chin (EMA); Ms. Lara Ferreira (Fisheries Division); Dr. Rahanna Juman (IMA); Ms. Danielle Lewis-Clarke (EMA); Ms. Pat McGaw (COPE); Mr. Hayden Romano (EMA); Mr. David Shim (SusTrust); Ms. Patricia Turpin (Environment Tobago); Stakeholder consultation participants - Ms. Sabriyah Abdullah-Muhammad (Environment Tobago); Ms. Rachael Amoroso (IMA); Dr. Yasmin Baksh-Comeau (National Herbarium); Ms. Albada Beekham (Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Fisheries); Mr. Marc Benjai (Fisheries Division); Ms. Sarah Bharath (UWI); Mr. Bertrand Bhikarry (Environment Tobago); Ms. Neila Bobb-Prescott (FAO); Ms. Casey-Marie Boucher (THA Plant Protection); Ms. Nikki Braithwaite (Ministry of Trade and Industry); Mr. Louis W. Farrell (Agriculture Division); Ms. Anastasia Gordon (EPPD); Mr. Carlos Hazel (THA Finance); Mr. Attish Kanhai (IMA); Mr. Kenneth Kerr (Met Services); Mr. Giancarlo Lalsingh (SOS); Ms. Shanesse Lovelace (THA); Ms. Kamlyn Melville-Pantin (THA DNRE); Mr. Dayreon Mitchell (THA); Ms. Siddiqua Mondol (Ministry of Tourism); Dr. Michael Oatham (UWI); Mr. Kerry Pariag (TCPD); Ms. Ruth Redman (THA Fisheries Division); Ms. Gillian Stanislaus (EMA); Ms. -
The University of Chicago the Creole Archipelago
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO THE CREOLE ARCHIPELAGO: COLONIZATION, EXPERIMENTATION, AND COMMUNITY IN THE SOUTHERN CARIBBEAN, C. 1700-1796 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY TESSA MURPHY CHICAGO, ILLINOIS MARCH 2016 Table of Contents List of Tables …iii List of Maps …iv Dissertation Abstract …v Acknowledgements …x PART I Introduction …1 1. Creating the Creole Archipelago: The Settlement of the Southern Caribbean, 1650-1760...20 PART II 2. Colonizing the Caribbean Frontier, 1763-1773 …71 3. Accommodating Local Knowledge: Experimentations and Concessions in the Southern Caribbean …115 4. Recreating the Creole Archipelago …164 PART III 5. The American Revolution and the Resurgence of the Creole Archipelago, 1774-1785 …210 6. The French Revolution and the Demise of the Creole Archipelago …251 Epilogue …290 Appendix A: Lands Leased to Existing Inhabitants of Dominica …301 Appendix B: Lands Leased to Existing Inhabitants of St. Vincent …310 A Note on Sources …316 Bibliography …319 ii List of Tables 1.1: Respective Populations of France’s Windward Island Colonies, 1671 & 1700 …32 1.2: Respective Populations of Martinique, Grenada, St. Lucia, Dominica, and St. Vincent c.1730 …39 1.3: Change in Reported Population of Free People of Color in Martinique, 1732-1733 …46 1.4: Increase in Reported Populations of Dominica & St. Lucia, 1730-1745 …50 1.5: Enslaved Africans Reported as Disembarking in the Lesser Antilles, 1626-1762 …57 1.6: Enslaved Africans Reported as Disembarking in Jamaica & Saint-Domingue, 1526-1762 …58 2.1: Reported Populations of the Ceded Islands c. -
The Popul of Trinidad Ion and Tobag
World PopulmSrYear THE POPUL ION OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAG CI. GR. 1974 World Population Year THE POPULATION OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO By JACK HAREWOOD CI.C.R.E.D. Series 1975 •I CONTENTS Page No CHAPTER 1 - POPULATION GROWTH Introduction ••• ... ... 1 Before the Period of Censuses ... ... 3 The Period of Censuses — ... ... 4 1844-1881 ... ... ... 6 1881-1921 ... ... ... 8 1921-1960 ». ... ... 9 1960-1970 ». ... ... 10 Summary ... ... ... ... 12 CHAPTER 2 - COMPONENTS OF POPULATION GROWTH Introduction ... ... ... 14 International Migration ... ... ... 14 Indenture Immigration ... ... 14 Other Immigration ... ... ... 17 Emigration in the 1960's ... ... 22 Natural Increase Absolute Increase ... ... ... 25 Rates of Natural Increase ... ... 27 Deaths Crude Death Rates ... ... ... 27 Causes of Death ... ... ... 29 Life Table Functions 31 (i) Expectation of Life ... ... 31 (ii) Survivorship ... ... 35 (iii) Mortality by Age ... ... 36 A Comparison with some other Caribbean Countries ... ... ... 42 in CONTENTS - Continued Page No. Births a. 1901-1960 Crude Birth Rates ... ... 43 Women of Child-Bearing Age ... ... 44 Gross and Net Reproduction Rates ... 45 Fertility Differentials by Ethnic Origin ... 48 Economic and Social Factors Affecting Fertility 50 b.1960-1970 Crude Birth Rates ... ... 50 Period Fertility Rates ... ... 51 Birth-Order (Parity) ... ... 53 Census Fertility Rates (Children Ever Born per Woman) ... ... ... 53 Summary ... ... ... ... 56 CHAPTER 3 - POPULATION DISTRIBUTION AND INTERNAL MIGRATION Introduction ... ... ... ... 57 Population -
Life C Ycle Summar Y
Economic Impact of IAS in the Caribbean Case Studies Life C ycle Summar y 4.5-5.5 mm Adult snail lives up to 9 yrs E ggs in bat ches 100-400/yr CABI 8-12 days Grows to 20 cm long Grows over the yrs Economic Impact of IAS in the Caribbean Case Studies CABI Gordon Street, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies December 2014 CABI. 2014 Economic Impact of IAS in The Caribbean: Case Studies Available in PDF format at www.ciasnet.org CABI encourages the fair use of this document. Proper citation is requested. Editor: Naitram Ramnanan Layout: Karibgraphics ISBN 978-976-8255-07-5 Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago 2014 All errors and omissions are the responsibility of the authors and editors. Acknowledgements CAB International (CABI) has more than a century of global experience in managing pest and diseases in agriculture and the environment with a focus on integrated pest management and biological control. In this context, it’s Centre for the Caribbean and Central America (CCA) began more than a decade ago, its efforts at managing invasive species in the Caribbean. This began with a study for the Nature Conservancy (TNC) to determine the ‘Invasive Species Threats in the Caribbean Region’. That effort identified a large number Invasive Species in the insular Caribbean and made some recommendations for managing this issue, regionally. CABI then partnered with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), The Department of Marine Resources in the Bahamas; the Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources in the Dominican Republic; the National Environment and Planning Agency (NEPA) in Jamaica; the Forestry Department, Ministry of Sustainable Development, Energy, Science and Technology in Saint Lucia; and the Ministry of Food Production in Trinidad and Tobago. -
Status of Mangrove Forests in Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
Caribbean Journal of Science, Vol. 47, No. 2-3, 291-304, 2013 Copyright 2013 College of Arts and Sciences University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Status of Mangrove Forests in Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies Rahanna Juman and Deanesh Ramsewak, Institute of Marine Affairs, Hilltop Lane, Chaguaramas, Trinidad and Tobago [email protected] ABSTRACT- Much of the mangrove forests in the Caribbean have been impacted by human activities, and now they are projected to be negatively affected by sea-level rise especially where they are constrained on the landward side by built development, or starved of sediment. This study assessed the status and trends of mangrove forests in Trinidad and Tobago so that response to human induced changes and climate changes can be determined. Mangrove forests in Trinidad and Tobago were mapped between 2008-2010 using high resolution satellite imagery (2000-2007), geographic information systems (GIS) technology and extensive ground-truthing surveys. Their sizes were determined. In Trini- dad, mangrove coverage was estimated at 7,532 ha on the west coast, 1,132.8 ha on the east coast, 481.3 ha on the south coast, 0.3 ha on the north coast and 222.9 ha in Tobago. Mangrove coverage was higher than anticipated, perhaps because of inaccuracies in historical data and in some cases because of re-growth following past disturbances. While some mangrove forests are negatively impacted by land-use changes and erosion, there are instances where forests have overgrown freshwater marshes, or are expanded onto mudflats. KEYWORDS: Mangrove forest, baseline maps, land-use change, coastal erosion, climate change INTRODUCTION an would be variable since there is a wide range Coastal areas worldwide are vulnerable of wetland types and geomorphic settings in the to an unprecedented combination of climate region. -
Trinidad and Tobago) and U.S.A
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1-1-2010 Women and Resistance in the African Diaspora, with Special Focus on the Caribbean (Trinidad and Tobago) and U.S.A. Clare Johnson Washington Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Washington, Clare Johnson, "Women and Resistance in the African Diaspora, with Special Focus on the Caribbean (Trinidad and Tobago) and U.S.A." (2010). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 137. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.137 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Women and Resistance in the African Diaspora, with Special Focus on the Caribbean (Trinidad and Tobago) and U.S.A. by Clare Johnson Washington A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Interdisciplinary Studies Thesis Committee: E. Kofi Agorsah, Chair Primus St. John Rita Pemberton Portland State University ©2010 ABSTRACT American history has celebrated the involvement of black women in the “underground railroad,” but little is said about women’s everyday resistance to the institutional constraints and abuses of slavery. Many Americans have probably heard of and know about Harriet Tubman and Sojourner Truth – two very prominent black female resistance leaders and abolitionists-- but this thesis addresses the lives of some of the less-celebrated and lesser-known (more obscure) women; part of the focus is on the common tasks, relationships, burdens, and leadership roles of these very brave enslaved women. -
RF Annual Report
The Rockefeller Foundation Annual Report, 1960 FnilWDAT JAN 2 Q 2001 LIBRARY > iii West 5oth Street, New York 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation \%0 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation CONTENTS TRUSTEES, OFFICERS, AND COMMITTEES, 1960-1961 xvi TRUSTEES, OFFICERS, AND COMMITTEES, 1961-1962 xviii OFFICERS AND STAFF MEMBERS, 1960 xx LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL xxvii The President's Review John D. Rockefeller, Jr., 1874-1960 3 Financial Summary for 1960 7 Program Dynamics 8 The Local Relevance of Learning 12 The Agricultural Development of Africa 20 Training in International Affairs 26 Language: Barrier or Bridge? 34 Communication in the Americas 36 An International Study Center for Modern Art 38 The Art of the American Indian 39 A Registry for American Craftsmen 4] The International Rice Research Institute 43 The Foundation's Operating Programs Agriculture 45 Arthropod-Borne Viruses 63 Organizational Information • 74 Summary of Appropriations Account and Principal Fund 81 ILLUSTRATIONS following 82 v 2003 The Rockefeller Foundation Medical and Natural Sciences INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT 87 PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION Harvard Medical Center: Central Medical Library 90 All-India Institute of Medical Sciences: Teaching Hospital and Scholarship Program 91 University College of the West Indies: Faculty of Medicine 92 University of Guadalajara: Faculty of Medicine 93 American University of Beirut: Medical School 94 National Institute of Nutrition, Mexico: Hospital for Nutritional Diseases 95 University of Ankara: Research Institute -
History of the West Indies Comprising Jamaica, Honduras, Trinidad
H Printed image digitised t : THE BRITISH COLONIAL LIBRAEY, COMPULSING A POPULAR AND AUTHENTIC DESCRIPTION OF ALL THE COLONIES OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE, History—Physical Geography—Geology—Climate—Animal, Vegetable, and Mineral Kingdoms—Government—Finance— Military Defence—Commerce- Shipping— Monetary System—Koligion—Population, white and coloured- Education and the Press—Emigration, Social State, &c. R. MONTGOMERY MARTIN, F.S.S. IS" TEN" VOLUMES. VOL. IV. LONDON HENRY G. BOHN, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN. MDCCCXLIV. HISTORY OF THE WEST INDIES: COMPRISING JAMAICA, HONDURAS, TRINIDAD, TOBAGO, GRENADA, THE BAHAMAS, AND THE VIRGIN ISLES. BY R. MONTGOMERY MARTIN, F.S.S. GREAT SEAL OE JAMAICA. VOL. I. LONDON: WHITTAKER & Co. AVE MARIA LANE. MDCCCXXXVI. — CONTENTS. BOOK I. JAMAICA, &c. CHAPTER I. Geography, Area, Boundaries and History . 1 , p. CHAPTER II. Physical Aspect, Mountains, Rivers, Geology, Mine- ralogy, Soil, and Climate—Health of Troops, &c. The Cayman Isles Dependency . p. 41 CHAPTER III. Vegetahle and Animal Productions . p. 72 CHAPTER IV. Population, White, Coloured, and Negro —Various Classes of the Inhabitants—Census of the different Parishes— Stock, and Land in Cultivation, &c. The Press—Education and Religion . p. 83 CHAPTER V. Government Council— Courts of Law, Supreme and Local—Laws of the Colony—Military Defence and ' Militia—Revenue and Expenditure, &c. - . .p. 100 a 3 VI CONTENTS. CHAPTER VI. Commerce — Shipping — Imports and Exports — Monetary System— State of the Exchanges—Value of Property, &c p. 118 CHAPTER VII. Religion, Education, and the Press—Future Pros- pects, &c - . p. 129 BOOK II. HONDURAS. CHAPTER I. Locality, Area, Boundaries—History, &c. p. 135 CHAPTER II. Physical Aspect—Geology— Soil and Climate . -
Mangrove Conservation in Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
In: Mangrove Ecosystems ISBN: 978-1-62808-714-7 Editors: Gerard Gleason and Thomas R. Victor © 2013 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. No part of this digital document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted commercially in any form or by any means. The publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this digital document, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained herein. This digital document is sold with the clear understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, medical or any other professional services. Chapter 2 MANGROVE CONSERVATION IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO, WEST INDIES Rahanna A. Juman and Kahlil Hassanali Institute of Marine Affairs, Hilltop Lane Chaguaramas, Trinidad and Tobago ABSTRACT Located at the southernmost end of the Caribbean island chain on the continental shelf of South America, Trinidad and Tobago are continental islands (4,828 km2 and 300 km2 in area respectively), which were separated from the South American mainland in recent historical times. As a consequence, their flora and fauna are relicts of the South American biota, with minor variation, and are rich in biodiversity. Trinidad and Tobago‟s mangroves fall within the Amazon-Orinoco-Maranhão mangrove complex in the Orinoco bioregion. Mangrove forests are found on all coasts of Trinidad particularly the Atlantic and Gulf and Paria coasts, while in Tobago, mangroves are mainly concentrated in the southwest end of the island. -
Online Appendix to “Elite Identity and Political Accountability: a Tale Of
Online Appendix – Not for Publication Online Appendix to “Elite Identity and Political Accountability: A Tale of Ten Islands” Online Appendix – Not for Publication Online Appendix A Online Mathematical Appendix Online Appendix A.1 Determination of Economic Rents We now describe an economy resembling the Caribbean setting in which the ordering of economic rents in (1) holds, with h types being planters and ` types being merchants. There are a finite number of planters nP and merchants nM , as well as a citizenry/workforce which is a continuum with unit mass. All agents are risk neutral. Plantation production uses labour inputs and exhibits constant returns to scale. Each worker hired produces output of λ > 0 units of sugar. Sugar is entirely exported at the price prevail- ing on international markets, which we normalize to one. Planters collude in setting the wage w to maximize planter profits. In doing so, they are constrained by a worker’s outside option of becoming a smallholder. This option is worth τ(x)y to a worker, where y is determined by an in- dependent draw from the distribution U(0; 1) and τ(1) < τ(0) so that the extractive policy makes each worker’s outside option less attractive (and thereby depresses wages). In the Caribbean, re- ducing workers’ outside options was the primary way in which wages could be reduced. One reason was because London abolitionists kept a watchful eye on labour practices on the plan- tations themselves. Another reason was that smallholding truly was the relevant alternative to plantation labour so that wages were set at that margin as opposed to the standard assumption of wages being set at the margin of labour productivities in two-wage paying sectors. -
A Tablet Details Inside
Cover.pdf 1 29/10/2014 10:08:00 AM A TABLET DETAILS INSIDE ISSUE 2 NOVEMBER 2014 C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Arthur NR Robinson 1926-2014 2 UPdate Magazine NOVEMBER 2014 COMPETITION: WIN A SONY DIGITAL CAMERA Rules: 1. Answer the question. 2. Only THA employees can enter the competition. 3. Submit your answer to the address below with your name, department, division, address and contact details. 4. Only correct answers will go to the final draw. 5. The winner will be informed and featured in the next issue of UPdate. 6. Only one entry per person. Question: What year did Arthur NR UPdate Magazine Robinson become the Department of Information country’s first Finance Administrative Complex Minister? Calder Hall Scarborough, Tobago Hint: Tel:639-3720/639-3421 Ext. 5047 The answer is in this issue Fax: 660-7214 of the magazine. Email: [email protected] www.tha.gov.tt CARNIVAL KIDDIE Contents 5 Fighting Temptations 21 Plant Tissue Culture Lab CREDITS: PUblisher: Tel: 639-3720/639-3421 Raye Sandy Ext. 5047 6 Expanding Road Network 28 Chamber Restoration Chief Administrator Fax: 660-7214 Office of the Chief Email: [email protected] Secretary www.tha.gov.tt 9 Blue Print for Development 43 THA Young Blood Tobaog House of Assembly Administrative Complex Photography: Caswell Gordon Calder Hall Clement Williams 10 Towards Self Government 49 THA In Review Scarborough, Tobago Oswin Browne ProdUcer: LayoUT: Joannah Bharose Wespic: Communications Director Marketing Design Department of Information Development OCS 3 granted to Tobagonians, Mr James was elected to office by an overwhelming majority and served his people for the next 15 years.