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The Political Economy of Fiscal Decentralization in a Sub-Regional Economy: the Case of Tobago
240 / BUSINESS, FINANCE & ECONOMICS IN EMERGING ECONOMIES VOL. 2, NO. 1, 2007 THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION IN A SUB-REGIONAL ECONOMY: THE CASE OF TOBAGO SELVON HAZEL1 ABSTRACT Fiscal decentralization is now widely recognized as a mechanism that governments can use to stimulate economic development. Over the last 25 years, the Tobago House of Assembly (THA) has enjoyed increasing levels of scal autonomy from the Central Government of Trinidad and Tobago. However, although signicant progress has been made to stimulate economic activity on the island, there remain some fundamental challenges that must be addressed in the interest of Tobago’s development. It is widely believed that these challenges are related to the nature and form of the decentralization process. In this context, this paper examines the main issues in the decentralization process between the Central Government in Trinidad and Tobago and how they evolved. More importantly, the paper examines the major scal policy challenges facing Tobago as a sub-regional economy and makes recommendations for confronting these challenges. The paper does this by looking at the challenges in two broad categories, namely, the expenditure-related challenges and the revenue-related challenges. As a background to all this, the paper examines the main characteristics of the decentralization process in Latin America and the Caribbean and the main advantages and disadvantages of scal decentralization. It argues that although decentralization can be justied on purely economic grounds, political circumstances have exerted the greatest inuence on the process. 1 Selvon Hazel is a Consultant in the Ofce of the Secretary of Finance and Planning, in the Tobago House of Assembly. -
The Courlander Experience in Tobago
THE COURLANDER EXPERIENCE IN TOBAGO THE REPUBLIC OF LATVIA: A maritime nation on the Baltic sea with excellent ports, 64.589km2 in area and a population of nearly 2.000.000 inhabitants. There are apx. 1.500.000 Latvians living in Latvia and the rest of the world. 2018 marks the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Republic of Latvia. COURLANDERS: Latvians from the province of Courland (Kurzeme). In the days of the Duchy of Courland and Semgallia, a “Courlander” could also be an inhabitant of the province of Semgallia. “Courlander” is a literal translation of the Latvian kurzemnieks. The academic word for anything pertaining to Courland is Couronian. THE DUCHY OF COURLAND AND SEMGALLIA: A de facto independent nation formed in 1561 and existing until 1795, comprised of 2 modern day provinces of Latvia, and ruled by the German-Baltic dukes of Courland, although officially a part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The flags of Courland consisted of a red and white 2 band flag and the red and black “crab” flag which originated in Tobago, as there are no crabs of this type in Latvia. As such, it can be considered the first flag of Tobago. CHRONOLOGY 1639 Sent by Duke Jacob, probably involuntarily, 212 Courlanders arrive in Tobago. Unprepared for tropical conditions, they eventually perish. 1642 (possibly 1640) Duke Jacob engages a Brazilian, capt. Cornelis Caroon (later, Caron) to lead a colony comprised basically of Dutch Zealanders, that probably establishes itself in the flat, southwestern portion of the island. Under attack by the Caribs, 70 remaining members of the original 310 colonists are evacuated to Pomeron, Guyana, by the Arawaks. -
Tobago House of Assembly Act
LAWS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO MINISTRY OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL AND LEGAL AFFAIRS www.legalaffairs.gov.tt TOBAGO HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY ACT CHAPTER 25:03 Act 40 of 1996 Amended by 4 of 2001 17 of 2006 Current Authorised Pages Pages Authorised (inclusive) by L.R.O. 1–2 .. 3–6 .. 7–8 .. 9–16 .. 17–18 .. 19–28 .. 29–30 .. 31–34 .. UNOFFICIAL VERSION L.R.O. UPDATED TO 31ST DECEMBER 2016 LAWS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO MINISTRY OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL AND LEGAL AFFAIRS www.legalaffairs.gov.tt 2 Chap. 25:03 Tobago House of Assembly Note on Subsidiary Legislation The following Subsidiary Legislation have been omitted: A. The Tobago House of Assembly Standing Orders (LN 278/1997); B. The Tobago House of Assembly Financial Rules (LN 183/1990); and C. Guidelines for Contract Employment in the Tobago House of Assembly (LN 148/2000). UNOFFICIAL VERSION UPDATED TO 31ST DECEMBER 2016 LAWS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO MINISTRY OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL AND LEGAL AFFAIRS www.legalaffairs.gov.tt Tobago House of Assembly Chap. 25:03 3 CHAPTER 25:03 TOBAGO HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY ACT ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS SECTION PART I PRELIMINARY 1. Short title. 2. Commencement. 3. Interpretation. 4. Application. PART II THE ASSEMBLY MEMBERS OF THE ASSEMBLY 5. Body Corporate. 6. Swearing in of Assemblymen. 7. Election of Presiding Officer. 8. Election of Chief Secretary and Deputy Chief Secretary. 8A. Appointment of Minority Leader. 9. Appointment of Councillors. 10. Election of Deputy Presiding Officer. 11. Election procedure. 12. Publication of names of Members. 13. Assumption of duty. -
The University of Chicago the Creole Archipelago
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO THE CREOLE ARCHIPELAGO: COLONIZATION, EXPERIMENTATION, AND COMMUNITY IN THE SOUTHERN CARIBBEAN, C. 1700-1796 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY TESSA MURPHY CHICAGO, ILLINOIS MARCH 2016 Table of Contents List of Tables …iii List of Maps …iv Dissertation Abstract …v Acknowledgements …x PART I Introduction …1 1. Creating the Creole Archipelago: The Settlement of the Southern Caribbean, 1650-1760...20 PART II 2. Colonizing the Caribbean Frontier, 1763-1773 …71 3. Accommodating Local Knowledge: Experimentations and Concessions in the Southern Caribbean …115 4. Recreating the Creole Archipelago …164 PART III 5. The American Revolution and the Resurgence of the Creole Archipelago, 1774-1785 …210 6. The French Revolution and the Demise of the Creole Archipelago …251 Epilogue …290 Appendix A: Lands Leased to Existing Inhabitants of Dominica …301 Appendix B: Lands Leased to Existing Inhabitants of St. Vincent …310 A Note on Sources …316 Bibliography …319 ii List of Tables 1.1: Respective Populations of France’s Windward Island Colonies, 1671 & 1700 …32 1.2: Respective Populations of Martinique, Grenada, St. Lucia, Dominica, and St. Vincent c.1730 …39 1.3: Change in Reported Population of Free People of Color in Martinique, 1732-1733 …46 1.4: Increase in Reported Populations of Dominica & St. Lucia, 1730-1745 …50 1.5: Enslaved Africans Reported as Disembarking in the Lesser Antilles, 1626-1762 …57 1.6: Enslaved Africans Reported as Disembarking in Jamaica & Saint-Domingue, 1526-1762 …58 2.1: Reported Populations of the Ceded Islands c. -
June - September 2015
c ss Issue 04 ... June - September 2015 Contents The Parliament's Maces 3 The Election Process 5 The Constituency Office & Representation: 8 o 'AbadiejO'Meara A New Chapter for the Red House 10 And National History Visits by Parliamentary Delegations from: 13 Bermuda, The United Kingdom 0-- Canada Our Region, Our Parliaments: 16 5t. Vincent and the Grenadines and Guyana School Outreach: Taking the Parliament to the nation's youths 19 Here's What's Showing on the Parliament Channel 22 We welcome your comments and suggestions Send CrossTalk feedback to [email protected] or Tel: 624-7275 ext. 2275 2 Issue 04· .. June - September 2015 ~ THE PARLIAMENT'S MACES By Lorraine Berahzer & Danielle Williams The Trinidad and Tobago Parliament is steeped in rich history that embeds almost During the 13005 to 14005 the every symbol, rule and procedure. Two beau mace gradually evolved by tiful pieces of that history take shape in the form of the Parliament Maces. being decorated and adorned Originally used as a weapon by a royal bodyguard to defend the King, the mace has with precious metals and be now become a symbol of the power the Mar came known as the civic mace. shal of the Parliament holds. It also symbolises the authority and privileges of the House. It is interesting to note that this metal staff, which is held over the right shoulder of the Marshal when he escorts the Presiding Officer in and out of the Chamber at the beginning and end of each sitting of the respective House, originated in the 13th century. -
Trinidad and Tobago Gazette
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO GAZETTE VOL. 50 Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, Thursday 27th January, 2011—Price $1.00 NO. 7 NO. GAZETTE NOTICE PAGE NO. GAZETTE NOTICE PAGE 69 Notice re Supplements … … … 31 82 Tender for Road Rehabilitation Works for the 35 Mayaro-Rio Claro Regional Corporation, 70 Assent to Act … … … … 32 Ministry of Local Government 71 Publication of Bills … … … … 32 83 Prequalification of Consultants for the Designs, 36 Appointments— Review and Supervision for the Construction of Scarborough R.C. Primary School for the 72 To act as Attorney General … ... ... 32 Division of Education, Youth Affairs and 73 To act as Minister of Works and Transport 32 Sport (DEYAS), Tobago House of Assembly 84 Tender for the Engagement of an External 36 74 To act as Minister of Planning, Economic and 32 Contractor to manage and operate the Social Restructuring and Gender Affairs National Emergency Ambulance Service for 75 To act as Minister of Foreign Affairs … 33 the Ministry of Health 76 Of Justice of the Peace… … … 33 85 Payment of Salaries and Pensions for the 37 Months of December, 2010 and January, 2011 77 As Director and Deputy Director, Police 33 86 Hours of Business for the Cashiers’ Unit—Pay 37 Complaints Authority Branch Section, Treasury Division Ministry of 78 Promotion in the Trinidad and Tobago Defence 33 Finance Force 87 Closure of Jaipaulsingh 1st Branch Road … 38 79–80 Notice of the Laying in Parliament of Statutory 33 88 Closure of Mattabar Trace … … … 38 Instruments that are subject to Negative 89 Work on Martin Saza Road, Biche ... ... 38 Resolutions Loss of Policies— 81 Central Bank, Weekly Statement of Account as 34 90–96 Maritime Life (Caribbean) Limited .. -
Local Government System in Trinidad and Tobago
THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN trinidad AND toBago COUNTRY PROFILE 2017–18 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO SUMMARY Trinidad and Tobago is a unitary republic with two levels of government: national and local. There is no specific constitutional provision for local government; however, the Tobago House of Assembly is enshrined within the constitution. The Municipal Corporations Act 1990 and the Tobago House of Assembly Act 1996 comprise the principal legislation governing local government. The Ministry of Rural Development and Local Government oversees local authorities on Trinidad whilst the Tobago House of Assembly reports directly to the Office of the Prime Minister. The structure of local government comprises a single authority in Tobago and 14 municipal corporations in Trinidad, comprising two city corporations, three borough corporations and nine regional corporations. Following the 2016 election, 30.4% of councillors and 32.0% of mayors/chairpersons were women. In the 2015/16 financial year, local government expenditure was 7.0% of total government expenditure. All cities and boroughs will regain revenue-raising power when the repeal of the current legislation is finalised. National government makes significant contributions, especially to the Tobago authority. However, the Tobago House of Assembly governance structure is devolved in its functions except in the case of national security, revenue generation and international affairs. The local authorities have devolved responsibility for a wide range of functions from policing to primary health and education. 1. NATIONAL GOVERNMENT including the Municipal Corporations Trinidad and Tobago is a unitary republic Act 1990. As the remit of municipalities with a bicameral parliament. The head expands, some of the key legislative of state is the non-executive president, changes being considered, and which who is elected by the members of are outlined in the TLGP 2016, include: both houses for a five-year term. -
The Popul of Trinidad Ion and Tobag
World PopulmSrYear THE POPUL ION OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAG CI. GR. 1974 World Population Year THE POPULATION OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO By JACK HAREWOOD CI.C.R.E.D. Series 1975 •I CONTENTS Page No CHAPTER 1 - POPULATION GROWTH Introduction ••• ... ... 1 Before the Period of Censuses ... ... 3 The Period of Censuses — ... ... 4 1844-1881 ... ... ... 6 1881-1921 ... ... ... 8 1921-1960 ». ... ... 9 1960-1970 ». ... ... 10 Summary ... ... ... ... 12 CHAPTER 2 - COMPONENTS OF POPULATION GROWTH Introduction ... ... ... 14 International Migration ... ... ... 14 Indenture Immigration ... ... 14 Other Immigration ... ... ... 17 Emigration in the 1960's ... ... 22 Natural Increase Absolute Increase ... ... ... 25 Rates of Natural Increase ... ... 27 Deaths Crude Death Rates ... ... ... 27 Causes of Death ... ... ... 29 Life Table Functions 31 (i) Expectation of Life ... ... 31 (ii) Survivorship ... ... 35 (iii) Mortality by Age ... ... 36 A Comparison with some other Caribbean Countries ... ... ... 42 in CONTENTS - Continued Page No. Births a. 1901-1960 Crude Birth Rates ... ... 43 Women of Child-Bearing Age ... ... 44 Gross and Net Reproduction Rates ... 45 Fertility Differentials by Ethnic Origin ... 48 Economic and Social Factors Affecting Fertility 50 b.1960-1970 Crude Birth Rates ... ... 50 Period Fertility Rates ... ... 51 Birth-Order (Parity) ... ... 53 Census Fertility Rates (Children Ever Born per Woman) ... ... ... 53 Summary ... ... ... ... 56 CHAPTER 3 - POPULATION DISTRIBUTION AND INTERNAL MIGRATION Introduction ... ... ... ... 57 Population -
Legal Notice Nos. 195 To
Legal Supplement Part B–Vol. 55, No. 143–15th December, 2016 1079 LEGAL NOTICE NO. 195 REPUBLIC OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO No. 22 of 2016. By His Excellency A NTHONY THOMAS AQUINAS CARMONA , O.R.T.T., S.C., President and Commander-in- Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago [L.S.] ANTHONY T. A. CARMONA President A PROCLAMATION WHEREAS it is provided by section 30 of the Representation of the People Act, Chap. 2:01, (hereinafter referred to as “the Act”) that for the purposes of an election, the President may, by Proclamation, published in the Trinidad and Tobago Gazette , direct that an electoral registration shall be conducted in the Registration Area Offices or the Temporary Registration Area Offices established in the electoral district in which such election is to be held: And whereas it is further provided by the said section of the Act that the President may, by a subsequent Proclamation, published in the Trinidad and Tobago Gazette, fix the date of the termination of an electoral registration: And by Proclamation dated the 11th day of October, 2016, it is directed that an electoral registration be conducted in the electoral area of the Borough of Arima, as defined in the Schedule to the Elections and Boundaries Commission (Local Government and Tobago House of Assembly) Order, 2016, in relation to the electoral area of the Borough of Arima for the purpose of the election of a Councillor to serve on the Municipal Council of the Borough of Arima and the 18th day of October, 2016, was fixed as the date of the commencement of the electoral registration: 1080 Proclamation Now, therefore, I, ANTHONY THOMAS AQUINAS CARMONA , President as aforesaid, do hereby fix the 16th day of December, 2016, as the date of termination of the electoral registration in the electoral area of the Borough of Arima, as defined in the Schedule to the Elections and Boundaries Commission (Local Government and Tobago House of Assembly) Order, 2016. -
Tobago House of Assembly
FIRST SESSION OF THE 12TH PARLIAMENT FINANCIAL SCRUTINY UNIT OFFICE OF THE PARLIAMENT OF TRINIDAD & TOBAGO HEAD 15: TOBAGO HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY Total Allocation - $ 2,116,000,000.00 3.7% of the National Budget Summary of the Assembly’s Expenditure, Divisions, Programmes and Projects Publication An electronic copy of this Guide can be found on the Parliament website: www.ttparliament.org All correspondence should be addressed to: The Secretary Standing Finance Committee Office of the Parliament Parliamentary Complex Cabildo Building St. Vincent Street Port of Spain Republic of Trinidad and Tobago Tel: (868) 624-7275; Fax: (868) 625-4672 Email: [email protected] 2 Table of Contents About this Guide ...................................................................................................................................................................................................4 Head 15: Tobago House of Assembly: .................................................................................................................................................................5 Auditor General Report Findings for the Fiscal year 2019 ............................................................................................................................. 11 Key Statement from 2019 Standing Finance Committee Debate .................................................................................................................... 12 2019/2020 Budget Supplementations................................................................................................................................................................ -
Legal Notice No. 314, Vol. 58, No. 140, 12Th October, 2019
Legal Supplement Part B–Vol. 58, No. 140–12th October, 2019 745 LEGAL NOTICE NO. 314 REPUBLIC OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO THE ELECTIONS AND BOUNDARIES COMMISSION (LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND TOBAGO HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY) ACT, CHAP. 25:50 ORDER MADE BY THE PRESIDENT UNDER SECTION 4 OF THE ELECTIONS AND BOUNDARIES COMMISSION (LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND TOBAGO HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY) ACT THE ELECTIONS AND BOUNDARIES COMMISSION (LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND TOBAGO HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY) ORDER, 2019 WHEREAS under section 71 of the Constitution of the Republic of Chap. 1:01 Trinidad and Tobago there is established an Elections and Boundaries Commission (hereinafter referred to as “the Commission”): And whereas under subsection (1) of section 4 of the Elections and Chap. 25:50 Boundaries Commission (Local Government and Tobago House of Assembly) Act, (hereinafter referred to as “the Act”), the Commission is charged inter alia with responsibility for defining and reviewing the boundaries of the electoral districts into which an electoral area is, or is to be divided: And whereas in accordance with paragraph (a) of the said subsection (1) of section 4 of the Act, the Commission, on the 12th day of June, 2017, submitted to the Minister a report in which it recommends that for the purposes of Local Government Elections, the boundaries of the electoral districts into which the electoral areas mentioned in the First Schedule to the Act are divided, should be as defined in the Schedule to this Order: And whereas in accordance with paragraph (b) of the said subsection (1) of section 4 of -
Ethnicity and Elections in the Caribbean: a Radical Realignment of Power in Trinidad and the Threat of Communal Strife
ETHNICITY AND ELECTIONS IN THE CARIBBEAN: A RADICAL REALIGNMENT OF POWER IN TRINIDAD AND THE THREAT OF COMMUNAL STRIFE Ralph R. Premdas Working Paper #224 - April 1996 Ralph R. Premdas, a Visiting Scholar at the Kellogg Institute (spring 1996), teaches regularly at the University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, in the Caribbean. Over the past two decades Professor Premdas has conducted extensive field work in Guyana and Fiji. Among his published works are Guyana: Ethnic Conflict and Development and Fiji: Ethnicity and Development, both published by the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development and by the University of Warwick’s Research Series on Ethnic Relations. Other recent works by the author include Secessionist Movements in Comparative Perspective (Pinter, 1991), The Enigma of Ethnicity: Ethnic and Racial Relations in the Caribbean and the World (University of the West Indies, 1992), and Ethnic Identity in the Caribbean: Decentering a Myth (University of Toronto, 1995). The author is grateful to all the friends and colleagues who generously contributed their assistance in putting this paper together, and he would like, in particular, to thank Mr. Henry Ramjass for his help. ABSTRACT The 1995 elections in the multiethnic Caribbean state, Trinidad and Tobago, were not an ordinary affair. They not only saw a change of regime but with it a change in the ethnic identity of the new political rulers. Control of the government by one ethnic party or the other poses a threat to the welfare of excluded and defeated parties. For many years one ethnic community controlled the government and entrenched its supporters at all levels of government as well as allocating most resources for the benefit of its own community.