Local Government System in Trinidad and Tobago
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THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN trinidad AND toBago COUNTRY PROFILE 2017–18 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO SUMMARY Trinidad and Tobago is a unitary republic with two levels of government: national and local. There is no specific constitutional provision for local government; however, the Tobago House of Assembly is enshrined within the constitution. The Municipal Corporations Act 1990 and the Tobago House of Assembly Act 1996 comprise the principal legislation governing local government. The Ministry of Rural Development and Local Government oversees local authorities on Trinidad whilst the Tobago House of Assembly reports directly to the Office of the Prime Minister. The structure of local government comprises a single authority in Tobago and 14 municipal corporations in Trinidad, comprising two city corporations, three borough corporations and nine regional corporations. Following the 2016 election, 30.4% of councillors and 32.0% of mayors/chairpersons were women. In the 2015/16 financial year, local government expenditure was 7.0% of total government expenditure. All cities and boroughs will regain revenue-raising power when the repeal of the current legislation is finalised. National government makes significant contributions, especially to the Tobago authority. However, the Tobago House of Assembly governance structure is devolved in its functions except in the case of national security, revenue generation and international affairs. The local authorities have devolved responsibility for a wide range of functions from policing to primary health and education. 1. NATIONAL GOVERNMENT including the Municipal Corporations Trinidad and Tobago is a unitary republic Act 1990. As the remit of municipalities with a bicameral parliament. The head expands, some of the key legislative of state is the non-executive president, changes being considered, and which who is elected by the members of are outlined in the TLGP 2016, include: both houses for a five-year term. ■■ the term of office for councils to be KEY FACTS Parliament comprises an elected house revised to four years of representatives and an appointed POPULATION (2017 estimate): senate. The 41 members of the house of ■■ councils to have effective executive 1,353,895: representatives are directly elected for a authority, and councillors and aldermen to become full-time, salaried postholders AREA (UN 2006): five-year term by the first-past-the-post ■■ the Integrity in Public Life Act and 5,130 sq km system. The president appoints the 31 senators: 16 on the advice of the prime other relevant legislation to be CAPITAL: Port of Spain minister, six on the advice of the leader amended to apply to chief executive officers, deputy chief executive officers CURRENCY: of the opposition and another nine at the and other senior management staff Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TT$) president’s own discretion. Following the 2015 national election, 31.0% (13/42) of ■■ the amendment of legislation so that HEAD OF STATE: elected representatives and 29.0% (9/31) local government bodies may collect President Paula-Mae Weekes of senators were women.47.1b The prime and retain for use property taxes and HEAD OF GOVERNMENT: minister is appointed by the president fines as identified Prime Minister Keith Rowley and is usually the leader of the majority ■■ an expansion in the number of standing party in the house of representatives. The committees within municipalities, to FORM OF GOVERNMENT: prime minister appoints a cabinet from facilitate the inclusion and management parliamentary republic the members of both houses. of additional responsibilities by local PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM: government bodies; bicameral 2. LEGAL BASIS FOR ■■ a review of the legislation governing LOCAL GOVERNMENT the Municipal Police Service to give STATE STRUCTURE: unitary 2.1 Constitutional provisions effect to its expansion as stated in LANGUAGES: Local government is not enshrined in the national government policy, English (official) constitution of the Republic of Trinidad ■■ entrenchment of the decentralisation NATIONAL ELECTIONS: and Tobago, but, the Tobago House of of social service delivery as a key last: 2015, turnout: 69.9%; next: 2020 Assembly is enshrined in Chapter 11A of function of local government 47.1a the constitution. ■■ review of the relevant sections of the WOMEN IN PARLIAMENT (2015): Public Health Act 31.0% (representatives) 29.0% (senators) 2.2 Main legislative texts ■■ a review of sections of the Act governing LOCAL ELECTIONS: The Municipal Corporations Act 199047.2b the Building Inspectorate, to give rise to Trinidad municipal corporations: is the principal legislation governing the Municipal Planning Department last: 2016, turnout: 34.3%; next: 2019 local government in Trinidad, while ■■ confirmation of the role of disaster Tobago House of Assembly: Tobago is principally governed by the management units within local last: 2017, turnout: 49.7%; next: 2021 Tobago House of Assembly Act 1996. government as first responders and provision for strengthening these WOMEN COUNCILLORS (2016): units so they can respond effectively 30.4% 2.3 Proposed legislative changes ■■ amendment of the Burial Grounds LOCAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE The 2016 government document titled Act and related Acts to allow for as a percentage of total government Transitioning of Local Government relevant functions currently carried out expenditure 2015/16: Policy (TLGP) is guiding a wide-ranging nationally to transfer to local councils. 7.0% revision of local government legislation, 248 www.clgf.org.uk/trinidad_and_tobago COUNTRY PROFILE 2017–18 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN trinidad AND toBago 2.4 National urban policy 3.2 Ministerial oversight borough corporations and nine regional The National Spatial Development The Ministry of Rural Development and corporations. All have the same powers Strategy47.2c (NSDS) is an overarching Local Government47.3b (MRDLG) is headed and responsibilities and are empowered framework that spatially represents by a cabinet minister who is responsible for to make policies and by-laws in relation the sociocultural, economic and the policy directives of the ministry. Under to their functions for the local area. The environmental priorities of Trinidad and Section 269 of the Municipal Corporations council is headed by a mayor in a city Tobago. These strategies and policies Act 1990 the minister can give general or or borough, and a chairperson in the articulate the government’s vision of specific directions to municipal councils regional corporations. Each council also sustainable development and aim to in relation to government policy on any has a deputy mayor/vice-chairperson. describe in broad terms the nature and matter. The minister is also tasked with Municipalities must set up committees location of future development in the promoting an effective and equitable for finance, personnel, public health country.47.2d As a spatial development partnership between national and and infrastructure. Each of the four strategy, distinct from a physical local government in the development committees must have a minimum development plan, the NSDS provides a of socioeconomic growth, balanced membership of 51% of the council and strategic national framework, based on sustainable development and social be headed by a committee chairperson spatial planning principles, and guidance welfare; and also acts as adjudicator in who maintains close contact with to be followed when the Tobago House cases of disputes between municipal officers of the corporation to supervise of Assembly (THA) and municipal corporations. The ministry’s fundamental service delivery. Statutory meetings are corporations are reviewing or preparing functions in relation to the corporations held towards the end of each month to detailed local spatial development plans include: monitoring, evaluation and ratify the business of the committees, and when decisions are being made on adjudication; technical services – making their recommendations binding. specific development proposals. It also engineering and project management; Further discretionary committees can provides a broad spatial development drafting legislation relevant to local include leisure, civic amenities, planning context for key infrastructure and government; developing policy frameworks; development and security. Committees investment decisions. and oversight of financial transfers from can set up and appoint sub-committees. national government. The mayor or chairperson can form an 3. STRUCTURE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT executive committee or cabinet and appoint members of the council to it. The 3.1 Local government within the state 3.3 Council types council’s instructions on its policies and Local government is single-tiered in There are two types of local government: programmes are formally received by the both Trinidad and Tobago, with Trinidad municipalities on Trinidad and a single chief executive officer (CEO) at council divided into 14 municipalities/regional House of Assembly on Tobago. meetings. The day-to-day work of the corporations and Tobago having a single council is carried out by its administrative House of Assembly. 3.3.1 Trinidad municipal corporations: arm, which is headed by the CEO and The 14 municipal corporations are of supported by administrative, technical three types: two city corporations, three and skilled workers. Table 47.1a Distribution of councils and population Trinidad and Tobago Municipal corporation/ Local areas Population Population % rural parish/House of Assembly (electoral