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Socio-Economic Effects of Terrorim in East Africa: a Comparative Study Of UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI INSTITUTE OF DIPLOMACY AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF TERRORIM IN EAST AFRICA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF KENYA AND UGANDA BY JONATHAN KIPKEMBOI KUTTO REG NUMBER: R47/35855/2019 Research project submitted in partial fulfilment of the Post Graduate Diploma in Strategic Studies at the Institute of Diplomacy and International Studies, University of Nairobi NOVEMBER, 2020 DECLARATION I, Jonathan Kipkemboi Kutto hereby declare that this research project is my original work and has not been presented in any other university for an award. Signature: ...................................................... Date............................................. Jonathan K Kutto REG NUMBER: R47/35855/2019 This research project has been submitted for examination with my approval as University Supervisor. Signature…………………………………….. Date……………………………. Dr. John Lekuton ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT I thank the almighty God for the strength to pursue the course. Secondly, I wish to thank Caroline, Shanice, Ryan and Rayden for the moral support accorded to me during the course of my studies. My gratitude goes to my supervisor Dr. John Lekuton for his unmatched dedication, inspiration and guidance. I also thank the Kenya Defense Force for the opportunity to study in the institution. iii DEDICATION I wish to dedicate this work to the entire department Lecturers for their unmatched guidance and mentorship, my classmates who shared ideas and all who contributed to the development of this paper. I pay gratitude to my employer for offering me the opportunity to pursue the course and better my academic qualification iv ABSTRACT Terrorism is a contemporary security problem that has caused varied effect globally. In East Africa, little focus has been made on the socioeconomic impact of terrorism. This study sought to analyze Socio-economic effects of terrorism in east Africa with a comparative study of Kenya and Uganda. The specific objectives were to explore the effect of terrorism on the security sector, education system and on the business sector in Kenya and Uganda. The research theoretical perspective is anchored on the Structural Realism theory of Kenneth Waltz, 1979, which explains the socio-economic impacts of terrorism as the aftermath of the motives of a group of people who seeks to achieve anarchy in the society. Both primary and secondary data was used for this study. Data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed using quantitative analysis to understand the extent to which terrorism has affected security, education and economic sectors thus drawing a comparative understanding between Kenya and Uganda. Data analysis was done with help of SPSS software program version 21. The research findings indicated that Kenya has a higher socioeconomic impact of terrorism than Uganda. The finding pointed out that security, business and education sectors have been negatively affected in Kenya than in Uganda. The study findings and recommendations is aimed at policy formulation and develop strategies of addressing the threats posed by terrorism. v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Conceptual Framework …………………….…………………………………………………….. 11 Figure 5.1: Gender Representation from Kenya and Uganda.….…………………………………..………. 47 Figure 5.2: Education Levels.………………………………………………………………………………. 48 Figure 5.3: Age Representation of Respondents from Kenya and Uganda ….…………….…….………….48 Figure 5.4: Sectors Affected in Kenya and Uganda ………………………………………………………... 54 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1: Representation of the sample ……………………………………………………………………. 12 Table 5-1: Terrorism Effect on Security Sector ……………………………………………………….……. 49 Table 5-2: Terrorism Effects on Education Sector …………………………………………………….……. 51 Table 5-3: Terrorism Effect on Economic Sector ……………………………………………………….…... 52 vii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................................. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................................................................................................ iii DEDICATION ................................................................................................................................................ iv ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................................................... v LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................................ vi LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................................... vii CHAPTER ONE .............................................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY ..................................................................... 1 1.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of the Study .................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Statement of the Problem ................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Research objectives ............................................................................................................. 6 1.4 Research Questions ............................................................................................................. 6 1.5 Literature Review ................................................................................................................ 6 1.6 The Literature Gap ............................................................................................................. 9 1.7 Research Assumptions ........................................................................................................ 9 1.8 Theoretical Framework .................................................................................................... 10 1.9 Conceptual Framework .................................................................................................... 10 1.10 Research Methodology .................................................................................................... 12 1.10.1 Research Design .................................................................................................................................. 12 viii 1.11.2 Population and Population Sampling ............................................................................................... 12 1.10.3 Study Sample Size............................................................................................................................... 12 1.10.4 Data Collection.................................................................................................................................... 13 1.10.5 Data Analysis ...................................................................................................................................... 14 1.10.6 Data Presentation ............................................................................................................................... 14 1.11 Ethical Considerations .................................................................................................... 14 1.12 Significance of the Study ................................................................................................. 14 1.13 Limitation of the Study ................................................................................................... 15 1.14 Chapter Outline ............................................................................................................... 16 CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................................................................... 18 THE EFFECT OF TERRORISM ON THE SECURITY SECTOR IN KENYA AND UGANDA ........ 18 2.0 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 18 2.1 Security Effects of Terrorism ........................................................................................... 19 CHAPTER 3: ................................................................................................................................................. 24 EFFECT OF TERRORISM ON EDUCATION SECTOR IN KENYA AND UGANDA ....................... 24 3.0 Background ........................................................................................................................ 24 3.1 Impact of Terrorism on Education Sector ...................................................................... 24 3.2 Cases of School Attacks .................................................................................................... 27 3.3 Effects on Education ......................................................................................................... 29 3.3.1 Absenteeism .......................................................................................................................................... 29 3.3.2 School Drop-out .................................................................................................................................... 30 ix 3.3.3 Radicalization ......................................................................................................................................
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