Air Force Gunners Association
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Cold War Infrastructure for Air Defense: the Fighter and Command Missions
COLD WAR INFRASTRUCTURE FOR AIR DEFENSE: THE FIGHTER AND COMMAND MISSIONS Prepared for Headquarters, Air Combat Command Langley Air Force Base, Virginia November 1999 Table of Contents Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................................v List of Acronyms .............................................................................................................................vii Introduction......................................................................................................................................ix Chapter 1: Cold War Events and the Operational Infrastructure of the Air Force.....................................1 1946-1950......................................................................................................................................1 The Germans ..............................................................................................................................1 The Major Commands and First Generation Infrastructure .............................................................3 ADC and ANG........................................................................................................................4 SAC .......................................................................................................................................5 The 1950s.......................................................................................................................................6 -
LORING AIR FORCE BASE, ALERT AREA Southeeatern Portion of Base
LORING AIR FORCE BASE, ALERT AREA HAER No. ME-64-E Southeeatern portion of base; east of southern end of runway Limestone Vicinity Aroostook County Maine WRITTEN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA PHOTOGRAPHS HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD National Park Service Northeast Region Philadelphia Support Office U.S. Custom House 200 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106 HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD LORING AIR FORCE BASE, ALERT AREA HAERNO.ME-64-E Location: Southeastern portion of base; east of southern end of runway Limestone Vicinity Aroostook County, Maine USGS 7.5-minute Fort Fairfield NW Quadrangle Universal Transverse Mercator Coordinates 1) 19:585655.5198881; 2) 19:585828.5198728; 3) 19:585797.5198480; 4) 19:585275.5198277; Pate(s) of Construction: 1959-1986 Architects: Leo A. Daly Company, Hoyle, Tanner & Associates, Inc., Alonzo B. Reed, Inc. Present Owner(s): United States Air Force Air Force Base Conversion Agency (AFBCA) - Loring RR1, Box 1719 Limestone, Maine 04750-7943 Present Occupants: Vacant Present Use: Vacant Significance: The design of the structures in the Alert Area at Loring Air Force Base (AFB) represents special, strategic modifications of standard Air Force design in response to Soviet weapons advancements. The Alert Area is the physical embodiment of the Strategic Air Command (SAC) Alert mission, and continues to convey its Cold War character. The mission - critical structures of the Alert Area clearly represent the Ground Alert concept of SAC. All aspects of the duty are illustrated: living in close quarters, working with top-secret materials, quick and easy access to aircraft, high-security operations, and swift execution of the takeoff of the alert force in time of emergency. -
United States Air Force and Its Antecedents Published and Printed Unit Histories
UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AND ITS ANTECEDENTS PUBLISHED AND PRINTED UNIT HISTORIES A BIBLIOGRAPHY EXPANDED & REVISED EDITION compiled by James T. Controvich January 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTERS User's Guide................................................................................................................................1 I. Named Commands .......................................................................................................................4 II. Numbered Air Forces ................................................................................................................ 20 III. Numbered Commands .............................................................................................................. 41 IV. Air Divisions ............................................................................................................................. 45 V. Wings ........................................................................................................................................ 49 VI. Groups ..................................................................................................................................... 69 VII. Squadrons..............................................................................................................................122 VIII. Aviation Engineers................................................................................................................ 179 IX. Womens Army Corps............................................................................................................ -
De-Ranged Global Power and Air Mobility for the New Millennium
De-Ranged Global Power and Air Mobility for the New Millennium ROBERT A. COLELLA, Lt Col, USAF School of Advanced Airpower Studies THESIS PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE SCHOOL OF ADVANCED AIRPOWER STUDIES, MAXWELL AIR FORCE BASE, ALABAMA, FOR COMPLETION OF GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS, ACADEMIC YEAR 2000–2001. Air University Press Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama 36112-6615 July 2002 This School of Advanced Airpower Studies thesis is available electronically at the Air University Research Web site http://research. maxwell.af.mil under “Research Papers” then “Special Collections.” Disclaimer Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of Air University, the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, or any other US government agency. Cleared for public release: dis- tribution unlimited. ii Contents Chapter Page DISCLAIMER . ii ABSTRACT . v ABOUT THE AUTHOR . vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . ix 1 GLOBAL POWER FOR AMERICA . 1 2 WORLD WAR II ORIGINS AND COLD WAR MATURITY . 5 3 GLOBAL POWER––POST–COLD WAR: ASSUMPTIONS FOR THE FUTURE . 21 4 CASE STUDIES IN GLOBAL POWER . 45 5 EVALUATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . 75 6 CONCLUSIONS . 89 Illustrations Figure 1 Operation Black Buck Refueling Plan . 57 Table 1 Tanker Off-load Capabilities . 81 2 Case Study Tanker Usage . 81 Maps Operation Nickel Grass Routing . 47 Routing through the Mediterranean . 50 Falkland Islands War Global Distances . 54 Operation Eldorado Canyon Overview . 64 iii Abstract This is a story of long-range airpower, from Gen Henry H. “Hap” Arnold’s vi- sion of a global mission to the Global Strike Task Force and expeditionary air forces of the year 2001. -
Assessment of Beddown Alternatives for the F-35
CHILDREN AND FAMILIES The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and EDUCATION AND THE ARTS decisionmaking through research and analysis. ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE This electronic document was made available from www.rand.org as a public service INFRASTRUCTURE AND of the RAND Corporation. TRANSPORTATION INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LAW AND BUSINESS Skip all front matter: Jump to Page 16 NATIONAL SECURITY POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY Support RAND SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Purchase this document TERRORISM AND Browse Reports & Bookstore HOMELAND SECURITY Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore the RAND Corporation View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non- commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND electronic documents to a non-RAND website is prohibited. RAND electronic documents are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This report is part of the RAND Corporation research report series. RAND reports present research findings and objective analysis that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND reports undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. Research Report Assessment of Beddown Alternatives for the F-35 Ronald G. McGarvey, James H. Bigelow, Gary James Briggs, Peter Buryk, Raymond E. -
During the Cold War, Some Air Force Fighter Pilots Had More Firepower
THE TOSS-BOMB PROCEDURE 4. At pitch attitude, the bomb F-100 pilot Lt. 1. Attack begins. Jettison fuel is released to arc toward Harris Kirk races tanks and descend to just the target. After release, for the cockpit above ground level. Engage the pilot now has only 54 during an alert engine afterburner and ap- seconds to escape the exercise at a proach target at 575 mph. nuclear blast. USAFE base in West Germany. 2. Pull up at attack point with a constant four Gs. Monitor the 5. The Mk 7 bomb was the cross-pointer mounted gauge first nuclear weapon that on the instrument panel. could be carried by USAF (and Navy) fighter aircraft. 3. The aircraft pulls into an Immelmann maneuver. The One-Way Nuclear Mission A principal target was the “Fulda Gap,” a logical geograph- During the Cold War, some ical highway for massive Soviet armored formations to pour Turkey. There was also a training group at Sidi Slimane AB, right intermediate station. Still, despite all the extra fuel, the Air Force fighter pilots had into West Germany. A bottleneck there could buy valuable Morocco, and there was an F-100C-equipped air defense Super Sabre’s combat radius was limited. time for NATO to respond to an invasion. squadron in the Netherlands. Targets closer than 450 nautical miles (518 miles) from more firepower than range. The North Atlantic Council had previously approved this The European-based fighter wings were tasked to carry home base did offer a potential round-trip mission. These strategy for NATO in September 1950, with tactical nuclear the new Mk 7 nuclear bomb. -
Remember Me? Report on the Submitted by Robert R
Vol. 30, No. 1 SECOND AIR DIVISION ASSOCIATION Spring 1991 Report on the Remember Me? Trust Submitted by Robert R. Starr Memorial by E.(Bud) Koorndyk The essence of this report will be of a nature of sharing with you, the supporters of our trust, the enthusiasm shown by our wonderful friends in Norwich who so carefully nurture the fond memories of our associations with them during the trying days of World War II and have carried that through in helping us to maintain our wonderful Memorial Library and the trust that administers it. As I reported at our convention in Nor- wich last summer, the University of East Anglia had anticipated spending a day at our Memorial Library and at a City Hall reception, with over 100 American students attending the University. Professor Howard Temperly of the University and also a member of our Board of Governors, ar- but whatever Some people call me Old Glory, others call me the Star Spangled Banner, ranged this day's activities. The upshot of Something they call me, I am still your Flag, the Flag of the United States of America ... the matter was our learning that the it is about you has been bothering me, so I thought I might talk it over with you. .. because American students had no idea of the role and me. we played in World War II. The library and to watch the parade I remember some time ago people lined up on both sides of the street its educational data astounded them. Isn't breeze. -
Consolidated B-24 Liberator USER MANUAL
Consolidated B-24 Liberator USER MANUAL Virtavia Consolidated B-24 Liberator Manual Version DTG 1.0 0 Introduction The Consolidated B-24 Liberator became a major player for Allied forces during World War 2. Its exploits ranged the world over - as did her users- and she saw action in a variety of roles in all major theatres. Designed to overtake the mythical Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress and appearing as a more modern design in 1941, the Liberator fell short of this goal but instead operated side-by-side with her contemporary to form a powerful hammer in the hand of the Allied bombing effort. Though the B-17 ultimately proved the favourable mount of airmen and strategic personnel, one cannot doubt her impact in the various roles she was assigned to play in. The Liberator went on to become the most produced American aircraft of the entire war. Virtavia Consolidated B-24 Liberator Manual Version DTG 1.0 1 Credits Model, animations, manual – Virtavia Textures – Dan Dunn of Pixl Creative Gauges – Herbert Pralle/Virtavia Flight Dynamics - Mitch London Engine Sounds - TSS Testing - Frank Safranek, Mitch London Virtavia Consolidated B-24 Liberator Manual Version DTG 1.0 2 Support Should you experience difficulties or require extra information about the Virtavia B-24 Liberator, please e-mail our technical support on [email protected] Copyright Information Please help us provide you with more top quality flight simulator models like this one by NOT using pirate copies. The flight simulation industry is not very profitable and we need all the help we can get. -
Aerial Gunner Training
Aerial Gunner Training As captivating as are the combat stories of America’s World War II aerial gunners, so too is the wartime history of the training program that produced them. Some of the earliest training methods devised in 1941 were crude and laughable, and hardly effectual. But ongoing efforts to improve the program led to the development of ingenious ideas, complex Future gunners review the inner workings of theories, hi-tech innovations, and fascinating the Browning .30 caliber machine gun. failures. The U.S. Army Air Force’s plans for a flexible gunnery training program were progressing at a leisurely pace during the latter months of 1941. Construction of three gunnery schools was nearing completion and the first instructor class had graduated. But overnight, the declarations of war against Germany and Japan created an urgent need for large scale training. There were enormous obstacles to meeting such a demand. Training men for the unique physical Students are being timed as they strip and and mental demands of being an aerial gunner then reassemble .50 caliber machine guns blindfolded. was very complex. America had no experience to draw on, and only a handful of newly trained instructors were available. There were not enough planes, equipment and ordnance to fight the war, let alone enough to supply the schools. Nevertheless the first Air Force flexible gunnery classes were in session just days after Pearl Harbor. Las Vegas Army Airfield, the first of the new flexible gunnery schools began accepting its first students in December 1941. Two more Students are trained in disassembling and reassembling their machine guns schools at Harlingen Airfield, Texas, and blindfolded. -
Heroic Tale of a Tail Gunner
Heroic Tale of a Tail Gunner By Robert Porter Lynch I thought I'd better write this story before it slips into lost and forgotten stories of WWII heroics...... Twenty five years ago (1989) my wife and I owned and operated the Saxton's River Inn in Vermont. It was built at the turn of the century. We had an old Victorian style bar. Every afternoon about 4 pm the locals would wander in and tell colorful stories, During wartime operation, the crew of a B-17 mostly mundane, many idiosyncratic (we consisted of four officers were responsible for had some very unique old Yankees in town), and sometimes a truly memorable offense (pilot, copilot, bombardier, and story would be told. This is the one I navigator) plus six enlisted men who operated remember most vividly: the defensive guns and radio. Dick Abbott lived several miles away, 1. The average age of an Eighth Air Force bomber toward Grafton. At the time he was in his crew in Europe was 22, and the unfortunate truth mid-sixties (and has subsequently passed was that their life expectancy in 1943 and 1944 away). He was a very mechanical guy and had was only 12 to 15 missions. just retired from being an engineer; we often traded stories about cars. his son and he had Because of the high attrition rate, there was a raced stock cars. Dick was also very high likelihood of being captured. Every enlisted mechanical, and could fix just about anything. man, regardless of earned rank, wore the Not a man to tell tall-tales, Dick was generally uniform of a sergeant. -
Worldwide Equipment Guide Volume 2: Air and Air Defense Systems
Dec Worldwide Equipment Guide 2016 Worldwide Equipment Guide Volume 2: Air and Air Defense Systems TRADOC G-2 ACE–Threats Integration Ft. Leavenworth, KS Distribution Statement: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 1 UNCLASSIFIED Worldwide Equipment Guide Opposing Force: Worldwide Equipment Guide Chapters Volume 2 Volume 2 Air and Air Defense Systems Volume 2 Signature Letter Volume 2 TOC and Introduction Volume 2 Tier Tables – Fixed Wing, Rotary Wing, UAVs, Air Defense Chapter 1 Fixed Wing Aviation Chapter 2 Rotary Wing Aviation Chapter 3 UAVs Chapter 4 Aviation Countermeasures, Upgrades, Emerging Technology Chapter 5 Unconventional and SPF Arial Systems Chapter 6 Theatre Missiles Chapter 7 Air Defense Systems 2 UNCLASSIFIED Worldwide Equipment Guide Units of Measure The following example symbols and abbreviations are used in this guide. Unit of Measure Parameter (°) degrees (of slope/gradient, elevation, traverse, etc.) GHz gigahertz—frequency (GHz = 1 billion hertz) hp horsepower (kWx1.341 = hp) Hz hertz—unit of frequency kg kilogram(s) (2.2 lb.) kg/cm2 kg per square centimeter—pressure km kilometer(s) km/h km per hour kt knot—speed. 1 kt = 1 nautical mile (nm) per hr. kW kilowatt(s) (1 kW = 1,000 watts) liters liters—liquid measurement (1 gal. = 3.785 liters) m meter(s)—if over 1 meter use meters; if under use mm m3 cubic meter(s) m3/hr cubic meters per hour—earth moving capacity m/hr meters per hour—operating speed (earth moving) MHz megahertz—frequency (MHz = 1 million hertz) mach mach + (factor) —aircraft velocity (average 1062 km/h) mil milliradian, radial measure (360° = 6400 mils, 6000 Russian) min minute(s) mm millimeter(s) m/s meters per second—velocity mt metric ton(s) (mt = 1,000 kg) nm nautical mile = 6076 ft (1.152 miles or 1.86 km) rd/min rounds per minute—rate of fire RHAe rolled homogeneous armor (equivalent) shp shaft horsepower—helicopter engines (kWx1.341 = shp) µm micron/micrometer—wavelength for lasers, etc. -
United States Air Force Aircraft Accident Investigation Board Report
UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION BOARD REPORT E-4B, T/N 73-1676 55th WING OFFUTT AIR FORCE BASE, NEBRASKA LOCATION: OFFUTT AIR FORCE BASE, NEBRASKA DATE OF ACCIDENT: 12 MAY 2010 BOARD PRESIDENT: COLONEL SCOTT A. FOREST Conducted IAW Air Force Instruction 51-503 (26 May 2010) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION BOARD (AIB) E-4B, T/N 73-1676 OFFUTT AIR FORCE BASE, NEBRASKA 12 MAY 2010 On 12 May 2010, at approximately 2310 local time, an E-4B aircraft, tail number (T/N) 73-1676, struck its tail approximately 1,300 feet past the threshold of runway 30 at Offutt Air Force Base (AFB), Nebraska (NE), after completing a National Airborne Operations Center (NAOC) Alert weather avoidance mission. No injuries or lost work were incurred by the Mishap Crew (MC). The mishap aircraft (MA) is based at Offutt AFB, NE, and assigned to the 1st Airborne Command and Control Squadron of the 55th Operations Group, 55th Wing, to provide the President and Secretary of Defense with a survivable command center for directing United States forces during all conditions of peace and war, and for supporting the federal government during military, national, and natural emergencies. The MA was damaged on the underbody of the tail section upon impact, and the mishap caused no damage to the runway. Damage was estimated at $3.1 million. Two hours and 32 minutes after takeoff, Mishap Pilot 1 (MP1) flew an uneventful, stable, on speed precision approach to short final. Digital flight data recorder (DFDR) information and testimony reveal that on short final, MP1 flew a slightly low glide path with a higher than normal descent rate.