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The History of the Church

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The History of the Church The History of the Church Introduction Ages of the Church •The Age of catholic Christianity •The Age of Imperial Christianity •The Age of Christendom •The Age of Reformation 2 July 22, 2012 Footer text here 3 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Rumblings of Reform 1300 – 1517 AD • There was no concept of Church and State and religious liberty. • The Church was over the State •Pope Gregory and Henry IV - 1077 •Interdiction through Sacerdotalism •Boniface VIII •Beginning of the decline of the Catholic Church •Indulgences •Nepotism •Pressure begins to form that leads to the Reformation 4 July 22, 2012 Footer text here 5 July 22, 2012 Footer text here 7 Events that Spawned the Reformation 1. The rise of the Universities • Crusaders brought knowledge back from the Middle East. Greek, Islamic and Jewish philosophers and learning. • Began universities in Paris, Bologna, England • In England they met at a place on the river where Oxen would ford the river. It became Oxford. • Europe began to think. 2. Poverty Movement • Churches and Monasteries were corrupt • Men went back to Apostolic Church and went about doing good. • Called the Fratrem or Brothers. Shortened to Friars. • Peter Waldo – Waldensians • Francis of Asissi 6 July 22, 2012 Footer text here 7 July 22, 2012 Footer text here 7 Events that Spawned the Reformation 3. The Renaissance • 1200’s, 1300’s Crusaders brought back knowledge • Turks conquered Constantinople and scholars fled to the west • Plato had said look to the Ideal – Heaven the greater reality • Aristotle – Look down to the Reality of life • Renaissance of Greek Philosophy • Art began to paint the real instead of the ideal 4. Renewed study of the Greek Bible • Great discrepancy between Latin Vulgate and Greek Bible • Mary was not full of Grace but was blessed among women Luke 1:30 • Whoever does penance and is baptized shall be saved but whoever repents shall be saved Mark 1:4 • Men began to challenge Catholic teaching 5. Nationalism (cultures became distinct) • France, Germany, England, Scotland, Bohemia • Challenged the authority of Rome 8 July 22, 2012 Footer text here 9 July 22, 2012 Footer text here 7 Events that Spawned the Reformation 6. The rise of the middle-class • Castles built to defend • Became cities • Arisal of tradesmen • Became successful, wealthy and did not like being taxed, especially by Rome 7. The papacy was discredited • Two Popes at the same time • Antipope Clement III • In opposition to Pope Gregory VII • Rome • Pope Urban II • Avignon, France • Excommunicated each other and Europe had to chose sides 10 July 22, 2012 Footer text here 11 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Rome’s Response to Being Discredited •Instituted Canon Law • Made every decision from dating to how to do business • Took away from all the new ideas •Hired Thomas Aquinas • From a wealthy family but became a Dominican Friar against his family’s wishes • Wrote Summa Theologica • Defense of Catholicism and Sacremental System •The rise of the Dominicans • Went out to any challenge to Church Law • To bring you back to God •Inquisition • All actions were justified to bring about repentance. Even Torture. If that failed, burn them! 12 July 22, 2012 Footer text here 13 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Growing Discontent with the Church – Pressure Building • Greater Discontent with the Church • Dante’s Inferno places the Pope at the lowest level of Hell • Erasmus writes a piece in which Pope Boniface dies and goes to heaven and challenges Peter that he has a better right to heaven because he bought more indulgences • Discontent is growing and pressure is building when that happens two things can result • Reform of the Catholic Church • Revolution • Revolution • In the 1600’s 1 in 5 males are killed • 4 Wars between Catholic and Protestant 14 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Growing Discontent with the Church – Pressure Building • Change came in three waves • John Wycliffe 1330-1384 – First Wave • Oxford Professor • Translated from Greek in to his own Bible. Wycliff Bible. • Saw the difference between New Testament Theology and Church Law • Dominion Controversy Does a ruler have Dominion because the Church says so or because of their godly character? • Wycliff said you must have the Grace of God to have leadership, including the Pope. • Not Rex – Lex, but Lex – Rex • He began to write • Leaders must be humble and take a vow of poverty • The papacy was full of poison • Belief came from Biblical truth, not tradition (sola scriptura) • 12 point document against transubstantiation • Communion did not give you Grace • Grace came through the memory of the Last Supper and Christ • You should know what the Bible says, not what the priest tells you • Began to teach and his students, the Lollards (mumblers), went out to preach. 15 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Growing Discontent with the Church – Pressure Building • The next wave • John Hus – A.K.A “the Goose” 1372-1415 • Bohemian college student (Czechoslovakia) • Bohemians like the notion of freedom, both political and religious, and were touched by Wycliffe. • Hus began to preach Wycliffe and the country was interdicted • Holy Roman Emperor, Sigismund. Invited Hus to come to church council to present his ideas and promised safe passage • Hus was found to be a heretic and the council said no deal with heretics • Prison for 8 months • Burned at the stake • Hus said “You may cook this Goose but after me will come those who you will not oppose” 7/6/1415 – Hus is dead • Eruption in Bohemia • Taborite movement • Martial law and they were killed 16 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Growing Discontent with the Church – Pressure Building • The third wave • Martin Luther • Son of a German miner • Very smart and groomed for the law • Fear of thunderstorms • In a thunderstorm, promised to serve God • Became an Augustinian monk. So devout nobody wanted to take his confession. Over the top! • The “via moderna” never worked for him. He never could deal with the fact that he was sinful. Like Augustine, he could not reconcile God and his sin. • Visited Rome and could not reconcile his faith and the corruption he saw. He became a college professor at Whittenberg. 17 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Growing Discontent with the Church – Pressure Building • Started to teach the Gospel and Psalms • Began to read the Bible • Found that Wycliffe and Hus were truer to God than the Pope. • Came to Romans 1:17 For in [the Gospel] the righteousness of God is revealed from faith to faith; as it is written, “BUT THE RIGHTEOUS MAN SHALL LIVE BY FAITH.” • Salvation is not earned but a gift from Jesus Christ. • He was converted! • He began to teach and there were stirrings particularly against indulgences. • So how come he did not die like Wycliffe and Hus?? 18 July 22, 2012 Footer text here 19 July 22, 2012 Footer text here Appendix • Maps • Links • And extras 20 July 22, 2012 Links You Might Like • The Latin Vulgate Bible • The Luther Bible • Two Popes is two many • Thomas Aquinas • The Dominicans • The Inquisition 21 July 22, 2012 Footer text here.
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