Achillea spp. = Yarrow

„ ~ 100 species, usually aromatic Perennials for Sun „ Native to Asia Minor

„ Legend – Achilles healed his wounds in battle

„ Bloom June to September

„ Midsummer color in border, wild flower garden or naturalized area

„ Cut flowers, dried bouquets – strip off lower leaves

Achillea filipendulina Achillea filipendulina Fern Leaf Yarrow Fern Leaf Yarow

„ Sunny, well drained site

„ Tolerates dryness, but better flower when moist A. Filipendulina ‘Parkers Variety’ „ Bone meal each spring

„ Divide clumps in spring after 3-4 years

A. Filipendulina „ Seeds sown in spring, flower following ‘Coronation Gold’ year

Achillea millefolium Achillea millefolium Common Yarrow Common Yarrow

„ Native is weedy perennial

„ Sunny, well drained, fertile soil A. millefolium ‘Red’ „ Will grow in poor, dry soil, but better

A. millefolium flowering when even moisture ‘Summer Wine’ „ Propagate by division or spring seed

A. millefolium ‘Pretty Belinda’

1 Artemisia spp. = Wormwood

„ 200 – 400 species of herbs and shrubs known for oils

„ Temperate climates of both hemispheres

„ Name honors Artemisia, the „ Divide every 2 or 3 years or when center dies mythological wife and sister of out. Spring or fall. Mausolus „ Spreading root division. „ Name associated with the moon goddess Artemis

Artemisia Artemisia spp.

„ Full sun, dry conditions

„ Prefers poor soils – fertilizer not

A. ludoyiciani necessary ‘Silver King’ „ Does not tolerate wet soil in winter

„ Propagate in spring by division or stem cuttings A. schmidtiana ‘Silver Mound’

Aster spp. = Sunflowers, etc. „ Divide every year or two for spreading „ 250-500 species wormwoods like ‘Silver King’ and ‘Valerie „ native to broad areas of North and Finnis.’ In Spring. South America , Asia , Europe „ Spreading root division, or remove excess and „ Aster is derived from ancient Greek dead center. Do not word astron meaning “star” divide woody artemesias.

2 Aster novi-belgii Aster novae-angliae New York Aster New England Aster

Aster novae-angliae Aster novae-angliae Aster dumosus ‘Purple Dome’ ‘Alma Potschke’ ‘Woods Purple’

Asters

„ Sunny site with rich, moist, well drained soil

„ Balanced fertilizer in spring and fall

„ Cutback growing tips once in late spring and again 4 weeks later to encourage branching

„ Freely self-sows -Remove faded flowers

„ Divide in spring or fall every couple of years „ Every year or two to control spread and „ Seeds do not produce to type – named maintain vigor. Spring cultivars come from division „ Spreading root division. Replant outer growth and discard the centers of older plants.

Campanula Campanula spp. = Harebells or Blue Bells Bluebells

„ 300 varied species Campanula carpatica ‘white clips’ „ Native to Carpathian Mountains of Austria

„ Campanula is of Latin origin meaning “little bell”

„ Provides color in middle to late summer

„ More impressive when massed Campanula persifolia Campanula carpatica ‘blue clips’ „ Excellent cut flowers

3 Campanula spp.

„ Sunny site, well drained soil, average fertility „ Feed in spring with well rotted compost and bone meal worked into soil then fertilize 2-3 times during growing season „ Remove faded flowers to prolong flowering „ Provide winter protection

„ Seeds germinate readily but may not „ Every 2 to 3 years or as the plant becomes reproduce true crowded. Spring or early fall. „ Divide in early spring or August „ Spreading root division.

Centaurea spp. Centaurea cyanus Centaurea spp. = Mtn. Bluet or Cornflower Bachelor Buttons

„ ~ 500 species

„ Native to Mediterranean region and Near East

„ Greek – “centaur” means “famous for healing” Centaurea montana

„ Legend, the centaur Chiron used the plant to heal his wounds

Centaurea spp. Chrysanthemum spp. = ‘Mums’

„ Full sun to light shade „ Diverse group – over 200 species of „ Poor to average fertile soil that is moist and annuals and perennials well-drained „ Native to Persia „ Rich soil – may become straggly „ Name is derived from Greek chrysos „ Thin new shoots to increase air circulation meaning “gold” and anthos meaning „ Divide in spring or late summer every 2-3 years “flower” „ Deadhead to prolong blooming and prevent self-sowing – cut back to basal growth at end of flowering for fall blossoms „ Bottomless flower pot to prevent spread

4 Leucanthemum x superbum Shasta Daisy

Now perennials have been botanically reclassified into various genera

L. Superbum ‘Gold Rush’ „ Leucanthemum x superba = Shasta Daisy

L. Superbum ‘Becky’ „ Tanacetum coccineum = Painted Daisy

Tanacetum coccineum Leucanthemum x superbum Painted Daisy

„ Full sun, tolerates partial shade

„ Moist, rich, well-drained soil, neutral pH

„ Heavy feeder, fertilize 3-4times/growing4 times/growing season

„ Keep well watered, mulch heavily

„ Divide in fall every 2-3 years Tanacetum coccineum „ Protect from heaving in winter (in some ‘Robinson’s Red Scarlet’’ Tanacetum coccineum parts of the state.) ‘Robinson’s Mixture’’

Tanacetum coccineum

„ Full sun, tolerating light shade for part of day „ Rich, well-drained soil with lots of organic matter „ Avoidld wet soil in winter „ Heavy feeder, fertilize regularly „ Cut back after flowering to encourage rebloom „ Every year or two. Spring.

„ Divide late summer every 3-4 years „ Spreading root division. „ Protect from heaving during winter

5 Coreopsis spp. Tickseed Coreopsis spp. = Tickseed

„ < 100 species

„ Native to Africa, North and South America Coreopsis lanceolata „ Greek – “coris” meaning “bug” and ‘Sterntaler’ “opsis” meaning “similar to” because the seeds resemble certain insects

„ Petals have toothed tips Coreopsis ‘Jethro Tull’

Coreopsis spp.

„ Full sun

„ Average, light, well-drained soil

„ Overly fertile soil causes floppy growth

„ Deadhead daily to keep constant bloom

„ Shear plants by one-half in late spring „ Every 1 or 2 years to maintain vigor. Spring or for compact growth fall. „ Blooms early to late summer „ Spreading root division. Discard weak center.

Echinacea purpurea Coneflower Echinacea spp. = Coneflower

„ Three species of perennial herbs closely related to Rudbeckia ‘Magnus’ „ “EchinosEchinos” meaning “hedgehog” referring to the sharply pointed ‘Sunrise’ receptacle bracts

„ Native to fields and open woods in central United States

‘After Midnight’ ‘Pink Parasol’

6 Echinacea spp.

„ Thrives in sunny, windy sites

„ Tolerates light shade

„ Warm, rich, loamy, soil that is well drained in winter, wet soils lessen winter hardiness

„ Balanced fertilizer in early spring „ Every 4 years. Spring or fall.

„ Divide every third spring „ Spreading root division.

Bearded Iris Iris spp.

„ 200 species of monocots native to Northern Temperate region „ Greek mythology – Iris was Juno’s messenger who traveled the rainbow between heaven ‘Paul Black’ ‘Beverly Sills’ and earth „ Botanically divided into bulbous species and rhizomatous species „ 12 Classes include: Tall Bearded, Dwarf Bearded, Intermediate; Japanese; Siberian; Bulbous; Beardless; and Crested ‘Golden Panther’ ‘Crowned Heads’

Bearded Iris

„ Full sun promotes erect stalks

„ Average well drained soil, using lime if too acid

„ Transplant rhizomes in July/August, 1 inch deep „ Every 3 to 4 years. After flowering up to „ Trim foliage back to 4-6 inches September.

„ Rhizome root division.

7 Iris ensata Japanese Iris Japanese Iris

„ Rich, acid soil that retains moisture throughout growing season

„ Lime is fatal

„ Plant in spring or late summer, 1 inch deep

„ Yellow foliage may result from planting too deeply and/or insufficiently acid soil

Siberian Iris Siberian Iris

‘King of Kings’ „ Tolerant of poor soils „ Does best in rich, moist, slightly acid soil

‘Silver Edge’ „ Rhizomes are small, tough and fibrous

„ Plants vigorous and relatively pest free

‘Shall We Dance’

Oenothera spp. Oenothera spp. = Sundrops Sun Drops

„ ~ 80 species widely distributed throughout Western Hemisphere „ Greek “oinos” means wine, “thera” means taste” „ Legend - roots of certain species induce a thirst for wine ‘Glowing Magenta „ Young roots can be eaten, shoots used in salad „ Infusion prepared from plant has astringent and sedative properties

8 Oenothera spp. Phlox spp. = Phlox

„ Prefers full sun, tolerates light shade „ ~ 60 species of annual and perennial

„ Rich, deep, well-drained soil herbs

„ Poor drainage in winter – will winter kill „ Greek “phlego” means “flame”

„ Balanced fertilizer in spring „ Native primarily to North America

„ Remove flowers to prolong flowering „ One of North America’s finest native plants „ Light winter mulch in north

Phlox Phlox spp.

„ Full sun although bluish flowered forms deteriorate under hot sun

‘Star Fire’ „ Deep, well-drained, fertile soil with ample organic matter

„ Super phosphate encourages deep rooting

„ Thin clumps when 4-6 inches high to encourage large flower clusters

‘Shortwood Pink’ „ Cut off faded flowers to promote lateral branching

„ Divide every 4-5 years

‘Laura’ ‘David’

Rudbeckia spp. Black-Eyed Susan Rudbeckia spp. = Black-eyed Susan

„ ~ 25 species of herbs R. nitida

„ Native to North America

„ Genus name honors Olof Rudbeck and Son, Swedish botanists R. fulgida

„ An abundance on rangelands indicates good health

R. hirta

9 Rudbeckia spp.

„ Full sun, although tolerate light shade

„ Well drained soil, average fertility

„ Tolerate dry conditions

„ Balanced fertilizer each spring

„ Divide every three years

„ Every 3 to 4 years. Early spring or fall.

„ Spreading root division.

Sedum Sedum spp. = Stonecrops Stonecrop

„ 600+ species of succulent, mostly hardy

perennial herbs Sedum kamchaticum

„ Native to China and Korea

„ Latin “sedo” means “to it”

„ “Stonecrop” refers to living on or ‘Frosty Morn’ around rocks and stony ledges

‘Autumn Joy’

Sedum spp.

„ Species differ in their requirements

„ Full sun, tolerate partial shade

„ Average fertility, very well drained and neutral to alkaline soil

„ Divide in spring when needed

„ Prune back ‘Autumn Joy’ by one-half,

insert parts into soft soil „ For plant increase. Spring.

„ Low growers made good groundcovers „ Clump divisions.

10 Perennials for Shade

„ Lambs-ear (Stachys byzantina)

„ Divide every 2 to 3 years. Spring or early fall.

„ Spreading divisions. Discard weak centers.

Dicentra formosa Dicentra ‘Luxuriant’ Bleeding Heart Dicentra spp. = Bleeding Heart

„ ~ 300 species

„ Native to North America and Asia ‘Alba’

„ Greek dis means “two” and kentron

means “spur” because corolla is spurred Dutchman’s Breeches

„ Bleeding Heart – shape of pink flower with drop

‘Candy Heart’

Dicentra spp.

„ Partial shade or full sun. If full sun, needs adequate moisture during growing season

„ Rich, light, moist, well-drained soil

„ Mulch with organic material in spring

„ Apply balanced fertilizer in early spring „ Rarely needs division. Early spring. „ Fleshy root division. Be gentle with brittle „ Divide in early spring. Sow seeds in August and September roots.

11 Geranium ‘Rozanne’ 2008 Perennial Plant Association Plant of Geranium spp. = Cranesbill the Year

„ Over 300 species of annual and perennial herbs

„ Native to Turkestan, India and Tibet

„ Greek geranos meaning “crane” – the beaked fruit’s resemblance of a crane’s bill

Geranium spp. Cranesbill Geranium spp.

„ Full sun, partial to light shade G pratense ‘Midnight Reiter’ „ Dislike hot weather

‘Johnson’s Blue’ „ Average fertility with good drainage „ Divide in spring

„ Shear after blooming for second set of flowers G sanguineum „ Cultivars will not seed true

„ Borders, shrub plantings, rock gardens

Hemerocallis spp. = Daylily

„ 15 species of clump forming, monocot perennial herbs „ Native to Central Europe, China and Japan „ Greek Hemera means “day ” an d kllkallos means “beauty” „ Named by Linnaeus „ Known since Chinese advocated eating petals

„ Every 2 to 4 years. Spring or fall. to ease pain „ Integral part of Chinese diet „ Spreading root division.

12 Hemerocallis spp. Daylily Hemerocallis spp.

„ Any light from full sun to full shade, although fewer flowers in shade

„ Fertile, moist, well drained soil

„ Feed in spring and mid-summer for best blooms

„ Divide every 2 to 3 years

„ Every color except blue and pure white – although close

Hosta spp. = Hosta or Funkia

„ 40 species of monocot perennial herbs

„ Native to Japan

„ Named after Nicolaus Thomas Host, a 19th century Austrian physician

„ Every 3 to 6 years or as desired to increase stock. Spring, summer or fall. Ideal time is after bloom is finished.

„ Divide fleshy roots into segments with roots. Divisions with three or more shoots will bloom sooner.

Hosta Hosta spp.

„ Light to partial shade but will grow in full shade „ Fertile,,, moist, well drained soil – mulch will help „ Division can be done every few years in spring or summer „ Look good planted by themselves and in groupings

„ ‘Christmas Cookies’ In groups vary leaf size and color

13 Lamium spp. = Dead nettle

„ 40-50 flowering plants

„ Native to Europe, Asia and north Africa

„ Common name (dead nettle) comes from slight resemblance to stinging „ Rarely need division and will reach their best form if not nettles divided too often. They can be divided as needed for plant increase. Early spring or early fall. „ Frost hardy, grow in most soils

„ Fleshy root division. Divide into clumps with one to three eyes. A wedge can be taken from an established plant, which will soon fill back in.

Lamium spp. Dead Nettle Monarda spp. = Bee Balm

„ ~ 12 species of annual and perennial aromatic herbs ‘Ghost’ „ Native to North America and Mexico „ Namedfd for Nico las Monard es, Spanish ‘White Nancy’ physician and botanist of the 16th century „ “Oswego Tea” from John Bartram who discovered that early settlers steeped leaves to brew tea near Oswego, New York

„ ‘Purple Dragon’ Indians “O-gee-cheer” meaning “fiery flower” ‘Beacon Silver’

Mondarda didyma Bee Balm Monarda spp.

„ Shaded, moist, well-drained site

„ Will grow in full sun if adequate moisture

„ Apply balanced fertilizer regularly

„ Remove faded flowers to prolong ‘Garden View Scarlet’ flowering

„ ‘Pink Lace’ Divide in spring „ Seeds will vary in flower color

14 „ Every 3 years to control rampant growth. Spring or fall.

„ Spreading root division.

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