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Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth, Flowering and Yield Parameters in Annual Chrysanthemum [Glebionis Coronaria (L.) Spach]

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Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth, Flowering and Yield Parameters in Annual Chrysanthemum [Glebionis Coronaria (L.) Spach] Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(2): 577-583 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 2 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.902.072 Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth, Flowering and Yield Parameters in Annual Chrysanthemum [Glebionis coronaria (L.) Spach] Anjali Chandel*, Y.C. Gupta and Suman Bhatia Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan 173230, Himachal Pradesh, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Two strains of annual chrysanthemum [Glebionis coronaria (L.) Spach] viz. GC- W (White) and GC-Y (Yellow), as part of their proposed INM schedule were K e yw or ds applied with certain organic (Biofertilizers, Jeevamrit) and inorganic fertilizers Annual (NPK) in various combinations. Same observations on various growth and chrysanthemum, flowering and yield parameters were recorded both the strains in two successive Biofertilizers, years. Results revealed that growth parameters such as maximum plant height Phosphate Solubilizing (95.31 cm), plant spread (45.19 cm), flowering parameters such as minimum Bacteria, Cost number of days taken for first flower opening (95.01 days), maximum number of Benefit Ratio flowers per plant (170.50), individual flower weight (2.30 g), duration of flowering (54.97 days) and yield parameters such as maximum flower yield per Article Info plant (490.80 g) were recorded in the plants receiving the treatment of Accepted: 08 January 2020 Azotobacter, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) and 75% recommended dose 2 Available Online: of fertilizers (20 g N and 10 g P2O5 / m ). Whereas maximum flower size at the 10 February 2020 time of peak flowering (5.91 cm), was found in the plants supplied with Azotobacter, PSB and 50% RDF. The observed cost benefit ratio in both the strains ranged from 1.92 (GC-W) to 2.00 (GC-Y). Introduction coloured flowers with single, double or semi double forms. The flowers assume economic Annual chrysanthemum (Glebionis coronaria importance on account of their varied uses (L.) Spach) is a popular winter season annual. such as in landscaping, cut flower for vase It was formerly known as Chrysanthemum decorations, garland making, hair adornments coronarium L. (Le Floc’Het al., 2010). It is and for decorations during religious and relatively shorter in duration; photo social functions. insensitive and capable of coming throughout the year as compared to florist Annual chrysanthemum generally prefers well chrysanthemum. It bears yellow or white drained sandy loam soil with coarse texture 577 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(2): 577-583 and aeration with pH of 5.5 to 6.5. The of nutrients in an integrated manner helps to quality of flowers is greatly influenced by the produce sustainable yields with good quality quantity and sources of nutrients. Application flowers. Very few attempts have been made of 200 kg N and 100 kg P2O5/ha was found to so far to study the efficiency of integrated be optimum for obtaining higher yield of nutrient management in flower crops better quality flowers (Satar et al., 2010). particularly in annual chrysanthemum. Though nitrogen and phosphorus greatly influence the production and quality of Materials and Methods flowers, the fertilizers recommendation is generally very high, which reflects directly on The experiment was conducted at the cost of production. Due to increased Experimental farm of the Department of nutritional requirements of crops over course Floriculture and Landscape Architecture of of time it has become impossible to meet the Dr.Yashwant Singh Parmar University of nutritional requirement of the crops, Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) exclusively through the organic farming. from November 2016-17 and at the same time Under these circumstances, integrated soil during subsequent year (2017-18) under open fertility management practices involving field conditions. The experimental area fell judicious combination of organic manures, under the mid hill zone of Himachal Pradesh bio-fertilizers and chemical fertilizers seems with sub-Temperate climate characterized by to be a feasible option for sustained mild summers and cool winters. In the first agriculture on a commercial and profitable year of experiment i.e. 2016-17 average scale. Various studies have been carried out maximum/minimum temperature of previously to work out the effects integrated 22.8˚C/6.8˚C, RH 48 % and rainfall of 38.23 application of biofertilizers and inorganic mm was recorded whereas, in year 2017-18 fertilizers on growth, flowering and yield average maximum/minimum temperature was parameters. Azospirillum and PSB along with 22.2˚C/6.5˚C, RH 51 % and rainfall was 50% vermicompost equivalent to RDN +50% 24.50 mm. Thus, indicating that weather recommended NPK when applied in garland conditions were approximately similar in both chrysanthemum (Glebionis coronaria (L.) the years. Soil pH and EC of experimental site Spach), resulted in plants with more height, were in normal range whereas, organic carbon number of branches per plant, plant spread, percentage was high. Macronutrients such as early flower bud initiation, + flower diameter, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were shelf life of loose flower and highest net higher range whereas nitrogen (N) was in income and benefit cost ratios in open medium range. Farm yard manure (FYM) @ condition as compared to control (Airadevi, 5kg/ m2 along with full dose of phosphorus 2012). Progressive increase in seed yield and and half dose of nitrogen were applied as per quality parameters was observed in Calendula the proposed treatments. Remaining half dose officinalis by the application of 75% NPK + of nitrogen was applied in two splits, 30 days phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB)+ potash after first application. Two strains of annual mobilizing bacteria (Bappitodu et al., 2016). chrysanthemum, viz. GC-W (Glebionis Use of bio-fertilizers in conjugation with coronaria -White) and GC-Y (Glebionis chemical fertilizers not only enhances the coronaria - Yellow) were used for conducting efficiency of chemical fertilizers but also present study. One month old seedlings (4-5 partly supply nutrients, at the same time healthy leaves) were transplanted in raised improves the soil physical, chemical and beds of size 1x1m2. There were total nine biological properties. Use of different sources treatments [T1-100% RDF (43.47 g Urea and 578 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(2): 577-583 2 62.5 g SSP/m ), T2- Azotobacter+PSB+75% exhibited significant increase in plant height RDF, T3- Azotobacter+PSB+50% RDF, T4- and spread upon treatment with various Azotobacter+ AM +75% RDF, T5- organic and inorganic fertilizers in Azotobacter +AM+50%RDF, T6- PGPR+75% comparison to control. Results clearly RDF, T7- PGPR+50% RDF, T8-Jeevamrit, T9- indicated that a combined application of Control]. Each treatment was replicated Azotobacter, PSB (Phosphate solubilizing thrice. A combined solution of Azotobacter bacteria) and 75% recommended dose of and PSB was prepared by adding 100 g each fertilizers (43.47 g Urea and 62.5 g SSP/m2) of Azotobacter and PSB in water and roots of proved to be beneficial in improving plant the seedlings to be transplanted were dipped height and spread in the year 2016-17 with in the solution for about 30 minutes. average maximum plant height of 95.09 cm in Arbuscular Mychorrizae was added GC-W strain and 93.07 cm in GC-Y strain @2g/plant near the root zone followed by whereas maximum plant spread of 47.00 cm gentle hoeing for better incorporation. PGPR in GC-W and 38.93 cm in GC-Y strain was was applied @5ml/plant after dilution. Soil recorded. Strain GC-W exhibited more plant application of Jeevamrit (5% concentration @ height and plant spread of 88.44 cm and 44.23 200ml/ plant) was done in monthly intervals. cm respectively. Same trend in terms of plant Jeevamrit was prepared by properly height and spread has been followed in the incorporating fresh cow dung (10 kg), pulse year 2017-18 (97.40 cm and 95.67 cm plant flour (1kg), jaggery (1kg), cow urine (5 height and 48.33 and 46.51 plant spread in liters), water (200 liters), forest soil ( a GC-W and GC-Y, respectively) handful) in a covered container and kept in shade. The mixture was stirred regularly for These findings were in accordance with the 2-4 times. Basic cultural operations such as results of Patil and Agasimani (2013), Kirar et weeding, hoeing and pinching etc. were al., (2014) in China aster and in performed as and when required. chrysanthemum; and Airadevi (2012) and Observations on all the agronomic parameters Panchal et al., (2010) in annual like plant growth, flowering and yield chrysanthemum. parameters were recorded and subjected to statistical analysis using MS-Excel and Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management OPSTAT packages to find out the on flowering parameters significance of the results obtained. The data recorded under field conditions was subjected Respective flowering parameters under study to statistical analysis using MS-Excel and were notably affected by integrated nutrient OPSTAT packages using randomized block management in the year 2016-17 as well as in design (RBD) described by Gomez and 2017-18(Table 2a and 2b). Gomez (1984). Results clearly indicated that a combined Results and Discussion application of Azotobacter, PSB (Phosphate solubilizing bacteria) and 75% recommended Effect of INM on growth parameters dose of fertilizers (43.47 g Urea and 62.5 g SSP/m2) proved to be beneficial in improving All the growth parameters were influenced most of the flowering parameters. significantly due to various treatments of Approximately same kind of trend has been integrated nutrient management during both observed in both the years. experimental years (Table 1).
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