DOCSLIB.ORG

Plants in East Asian Culture

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Many East Asian plants found on the KU campus have a rich history in the art and literature from where they originated. Click on the name of each botanical below to learn more. Cherry tree Crabapple Gingko/Maidenhair Tree Hibiscus Juniper Lilac Magnolia Maples Mulberry Pear Pine Plum Poplar Quince Tea Leaves Weeping Willow The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in nearby Kansas City houses one of the best Asian art collections in the United States. Consider a visit to personally see masterpieces featuring Asian botanicals. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art | Chinese Art Collection | Japanese Art Collection | South and Southeast Asian Art Collection Back to East Asian Plants Plants in East Asian Culture Cherry Tree Japanese Flowering Cherry, Prunus serrulata Cambridge or Chinese cherry, Prunus pseudocerasus Cherry Blossom Culture in Japan The cherry blossom, sakura, is the unofficial national flower of Japan, a beloved symbol of spring and renewal celebrated in painting, poetry, songs, and many other arts. Countless cherry trees of many different varieties decorate cities and parks all across the country. Viewing parties celebrate the arrival of the cherry blossoms. The custom of cherry-blossom viewing, called hanami, is accompanied by food, drink, singing, and general merriment. A special vocabulary developed to describe viewing the blossoms under particular circumstances; hanamizake refers to drinking sake while viewing the blossoms, sakuragari (cherry blossom hunting) to seeking the blossoms in the mountains; ozakura (cherry blossoms of night) to viewing the blossoms in the evening; and sakura fubuki (cherry blossom storm) to the petals scattered like snow by the wind. The cherry trees in bloom on the banks of the Kamogawa River are among of the most beautiful sights of Kyoto, but the ancient capital boasts a number of famous hanami locations: Maruyama Park, next to Yasaka Shrine; Philosopher's Trail, starting at Ginkakuji Temple; Heian Shrine; Okazaki Canal, outside Heian Shrine; Arashiyama; Daigoji Temple; and Hirano Shrine. For more information on these sites, see: http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e3951.html. Japan- guide.com also provides a nationwide list of cherry-blossom viewing locations and a guide to “How to do cherry blossom viewing” (reserve your spot early). Taste of Japan Kansas City Hiratsuka Calendar of Events: April http://www2.gol.com/users/csr-kts/calendar.html 花見 (Plum & Cherry Blossom Viewing) - February to April http://www.jref.com/culture/japanese_national_holidays.shtml Under the Cherry Blossoms http://www.humanflowerproject.com/index.php/weblog/comments/under_the_cherry_blossoms/ It's Cherry-Blossom Time at Sumile nymag.com/daily/food/tags/west%20village Selected Japanese works of art featuring cherry blossoms: Tokyo National Museum Kano Naganobu, 17th c., Merrymaking under Cherry Blossoms (or Aronia Blossoms) Nabeshima ware dishes, 18th c., Design of cherry tree in overglaze enamels Kyoto National Museum Matsumura Keibun, Edo period, Cherry Blossoms in Moonlight Metropolitan Museum, New York Kano Sansetsu, attributed. The Old Plum, four sliding door panels Fragment of A Long Tale for an Autumn Night, Nanbokucho period (1336–92), Ink and color on paper Painting by Tawaraya Sotatsu; Calligraphy by Hon'ami Koetsu. Poem page mounted as a hanging scroll, Momoyama period (1573–1615), dated 1606. Ink on paper decorated with gold and silver Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Washington, D.C.: Hishikawa Moronobu (1618-94) Viewing cherry blossoms at Ueno Park and autumn at Asakusa, pair of six-fold screens Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849) Parties of men and women looking at cherry blossoms, hanging scroll painting Tawaraya Sotatsu (ca. 1600-43) Ladies among cherry trees, pair of six-panel folding screens Art Institute of Chicago Torii Kiyonaga. (1752-1815) Cherry Trees of Nakanomachi, Color woodblock prints; oban triptych, c. 1786. Clarence Buckingham Collection. Miscellaneous Benji Asada. "Pagoda of Ninnaji Temple in Kyoto.", circa 1960. Eiichi Kotozuka. Owl and Cherry Blossoms, 1950, Original Japanese Woodcut. Katsushika Hokusai. Goldfinch and Cherry Tree, Japanese Ukiyo-e woodblock printing. Ito Sozan. Seagulls and Cherry. Ohara Koson. Cherry on a Moonlit Night, 1932. Color woodblock print. Ohara Koson. Two Pigeons Under Cherry Blossoms, 1900. Back to Plants in East Asian Culture Crabapple, Flowering Japanese flowering crab-apple, Malus floribunda Plum-leafed crabapple, Malus sp. prunifolia Siberian crab-apple, Malus baccata Please check back in the next couple of weeks for more cultural information on the flowering crabapple. Selected Asian works of art featuring crabapples: Zhu Qizhai. Crab Apple Blossoms,1960, Ink and color on paper. Translation: Chinese crab apples proudly show their red color Painted in March of 1960. Borrowing a phrase from Chen Jianzheng of the Song dynasty. Back to Plants in East Asian Culture Ginkgo/Maidenhair Tree Ginkgo biloba All of the ginkgos (also known as maidenhair trees) outside of China were directly or indirectly introduced from China. Called the “World’s No. 1 Living Fossil,”the ginkgo predates the dinosaurs and is deemed the most ancient of trees. The ginkgo biloba has been described as a “living fossil” because of its relatives are found in the fossil record dating back to the Permian. Understanding of its evolution, however, was impeded by a gap in this record of over 100 million years. An article published in Nature in 2003 claims to fill this gap with a fossil collected in Liaoning Province, China. (see: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v423/n6942/full/423821a.html) Sometimes called the “giant panda of plants,” wild ginkgos like the panda are endangered. They survive in only a few scattered patches of forest in China. The source of the Western name “ginkgo” is apparently a misspelling of the Japanese name for the plant, ginkyo, by the German botanist Engelbert Kaempfer, who saw one growing in a Japanese temple garden in 1690. Ginkyo is the Japanese pronunciation of the Chinese term for the plant, jinxing, meaning “silver apricot,” a description of the ginkgo “nut,” the hard-shelled kernel of the fruit of the ginkgo tree.” When China’s State Forestry Administration asked people to vote on a national tree, the ginkgo won with 95% of the vote. The love of the tree is rooted not only in its antiquity, but also in its beauty and health-giving properties. The trees are exceptionally durable and long lived, some living over a thousand years, and can grow to great heights (over 30 meters). The elegant fan-shaped leaves of the great trees turn golden yellow in autumn, ensuring it a place in poetry and art. A poem by the 19th-century writer Li Shanji extols the ginkgo: In exquisite billows, the foliage cascades from its shrouded source in the sky; green abundance veils the top- dwelling place of the lone crane. Like a dancing phoenix, its trunk soars to the clouds, like a coiled dragon perching on a cliff these images reveal its hidden forces. (Quoted from: http://www.itmonline.org/arts/ginkgo.htm) The nuts give off a putrid odor, but are much valued in both cuisine and medicine. In Chinese cuisine, ginkgo nuts appear in both sweet and savory dishes. Sometimes they substitute for lotus seeds in 'eight treasure' dishes. Thought to resemble silver ingots and are featured in New Year’s food to represent good fortune. Practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine use ginkgo leaves, nuts, and extracts are used to treat a wide variety of health problems, from lung and urinary track problems to loss of memory. Sources and links: “Introduction to Ginkgoales, the ginkgos” “Ginkgo” by Subhuti Dharmananda, Ph.D. and Heiner Fruehauf, Ph.D., Institute for Traditional Medicine, Portland, Oregon “Ginkgo nut” on “Asia Food Glossary” page on The Asia Society’s “Asia Source” ; citing Charmaine Solomon's Encyclopedia of Asian Food, Periplus Editions,1998, supplied courtesy of New Holland Publishers (Australia) Pty Ltd. “Palaeobiology: The missing link in Ginkgo evolution,” Nature 423, 821-822 (19 June 2003) “The Ginkgo in Japanese Culture” Japanese American National Museum “Ginkgo Likely to be China’s National Tree” Copyright China Internet Information Center. “National Poll Shows Ginkgo as Firm Favorite” Copyright by People's Daily Online, from China Daily Ginkgo Pearl Oral Liquid Ginkgo Pearl Oral Liquid “The Ginko Pages" by Cor Kwant. "This non-commercial homepage is the most complete website about Ginkgo biloba on the internet." Wikipedia - Ginkgo Selected Asian works of art featuring Ginkgo: Ginkgo. Yoshiko Yamamoto, Framed card. Doves and ginkgo. Watanabe Seitei. Owl on Ginkgo Branch. and Pigeons on Ginkgo Branch. Ohara Koson. The Ginkgo Pages Artwork Montreal Botanical Gardens: Ginkgo Bonsai Back to Plants in East Asian Culture Hibiscus Rose-of-Sharon, Hibiscus syriacus Also known as the Rose of Sharon, the hibiscus (or mugunghwa in Korean) is the national flower of South Korea and a popular motif in that country’s architecture. The hibiscus was adopted as the symbol for the Joseon Dynasty (1392- 1910), and the Silla Kingdom (57 BC-935 AD) called itself Mugunghwa Country. Records indicate that Korea was referred to in ancient China as “the land of gentlemen where mugunghwa blooms.” The Korean government adopted the hibiscus as the national flower following liberation from Japanese rule in 1945. Because of the flower’s ability to easily flourish following transplanting or cutting, some Koreans cite it as an example of their country’s wish for prosperity and the tenacity of its citizens. During Japanese occupation, Nam Gung-eok (1863-1939) sought to create “hills of roses of Sharon” by sending tens of thousands of the flowers to schools and churches from his hometown of Hongcheon. This effort to promote patriotism led to Nam Gung-eok’s arrest and imprisonment in 1933 for what became known as the “mugunghwa incident.” Red hibiscus is a common ingredient in tea and Asian food, often cited for curative elements, such as lowering blood pressure and cooling the body.
Recommended publications
  • Characterization of the Complete Chloroplast Genome of the Chinese Cherry Prunus Pseudocerasus (Rosaceae)

    Characterization of the Complete Chloroplast Genome of the Chinese Cherry Prunus Pseudocerasus (Rosaceae)

    Conservation Genet Resour (2018) 10:85–88 DOI 10.1007/s12686-017-0770-9 TECHNICAL NOTE Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of the Chinese cherry Prunus pseudocerasus (Rosaceae) Ying Feng1 · Tao Liu1 · Xiao‑Yu Wang1 · Bin‑Bin Li1 · Cheng‑Lin Liang1 · Yu‑Liang Cai1 Received: 3 May 2017 / Accepted: 8 May 2017 / Published online: 18 May 2017 © The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication Abstract The Chinese cherry Prunus pseudocerasus is a 2016; Li and Bartholomew 2003; Li et al. 2009). P. pseu- fruit tree species with high economic and ornamental val- docerasus possesses high economic and ornamental val- ues. Many of its wild populations are under threat or even ues. As a traditional fruit with peculiar flavor, its cultiva- on the verge of extinction. Here, its complete chloroplast tion history can date back to approximately 3000 years ago genome was assembled using next-generation sequenc- in China (Liu and Liu 1993). Its fruit contains a variety of ing technology. The circular genome is 157,834 bp long, nutritional ingredients and trace elements, e.g. carotene, and contains a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of vitamin C, proteins, saccharides, iron and phosphorus (Yu 26,398 bp each, separated by a large single-copy (LSC) and Li 1986). It has also long been used as the rootstock for region of 85,954 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region sweet cherry ever since the latter’s introduction into China of 19,084 bp. It encodes a total of 131 genes, including 86 (Zhang and Gu 2016).
  • Department of Planning and Zoning

    Department of Planning and Zoning

    Department of Planning and Zoning Subject: Howard County Landscape Manual Updates: Recommended Street Tree List (Appendix B) and Recommended Plant List (Appendix C) - Effective July 1, 2010 To: DLD Review Staff Homebuilders Committee From: Kent Sheubrooks, Acting Chief Division of Land Development Date: July 1, 2010 Purpose: The purpose of this policy memorandum is to update the Recommended Plant Lists presently contained in the Landscape Manual. The plant lists were created for the first edition of the Manual in 1993 before information was available about invasive qualities of certain recommended plants contained in those lists (Norway Maple, Bradford Pear, etc.). Additionally, diseases and pests have made some other plants undesirable (Ash, Austrian Pine, etc.). The Howard County General Plan 2000 and subsequent environmental and community planning publications such as the Route 1 and Route 40 Manuals and the Green Neighborhood Design Guidelines have promoted the desirability of using native plants in landscape plantings. Therefore, this policy seeks to update the Recommended Plant Lists by identifying invasive plant species and disease or pest ridden plants for their removal and prohibition from further planting in Howard County and to add other available native plants which have desirable characteristics for street tree or general landscape use for inclusion on the Recommended Plant Lists. Please note that a comprehensive review of the street tree and landscape tree lists were conducted for the purpose of this update, however, only
  • Montgomery County Landscape Plant List

    Montgomery County Landscape Plant List

    9020 Airport Road Conroe, TX 77303 (936) 539-7824 MONTGOMERY COUNTY LANDSCAPE PLANT LIST Scientific Name Common Name Size Habit Light Water Native Wildlife Comments PERENNIALS Abelmoschus ‘Oriental Red’ Hibiscus, Oriental Red 3 x 3 D F L N Root hardy, reseeds Abutilon sp. Flowering Maple Var D F M N Acalypha pendula Firetail Chenille 8" x 8" E P H N Acanthus mollis Bear's Breeches 3 x 3 D S M N Root hardy Acorus gramineus Sweet Flag 1 x 1 E P M N Achillea millefolium var. rosea Yarrow, Pink 2 x 2 E F/P M N BF Butterfly nectar plant Adiantum capillus-veneris Fern, Maidenhair 1 x 1 E P/S H Y Dormant when dry Adiantum hispidulum Fern, Rosy Maidenhair 1 x 1 D S H N Agapanthus africanus Lily of the Nile 2 x 2 E P M N Agastache ‘Black Adder’ Agastache, Black Adder 2 x 2 D F M N BF, HB Butterfly/hummingbird nectar plant Ageratina havanensis Mistflower, Fragrant 3 x 3 D F/P L Y BF Can take poor drainage Ageratina wrightii Mistflower, White 2 x 2 D F/P L Y BF Butterfly nectar plant Ajuga reptans Bugle Flower 6" x 6" E P/S M N Alocasia sp. Taro Var D P M N Aggressive in wet areas Aloysia virgata Almond Verbena 8 x 5 D S L N BF Very fragrant, nectar plant Alpinia sp. Gingers, Shell 6 x 6 E F/P M N Amsonia tabernaemontana Texas Blue Star 3 x 3 D P M Y Can take poor drainage Andropogon gerardii Bluestem, Big 3 to 8 D F/P L Y Andropogon glomeratus Bluestem, Brushy 2 to 5 D F/P L Y Andropogon ternarius Bluestem, Splitbeard 1 to 4 D F/P L Y Anisacanthus wrightii Flame Acanthus 3 x 3 D F L Y HB Hummingbird nectar plant Aquilegia chrysantha Columbine, Yellow 2 x 1 E P/S M Y Dormant when dry, reseeds Aquilegia canadensis Columbine, Red 1 x 1 E P/S M Y Dormant when dry, reseeds Ardisia crenata Ardisia 1 x 1 E P/S M N Ardisia japonica Ardisia 2 x 2 E P/S M N Artemisia sp.
  • Disease-Resistant Crabapples

    Disease-Resistant Crabapples

    Education Center and Info Line practical solutions to everyday questions Toll free Info Line 1-877-398-4769 M-F • 9 AM - 2 PM W • 5 - 7:30 PM Disease-Resistant Crabapples Crabapples are a mainstay of our landscape palette in New England. Their beautiful bloom, small stature, and attractive fruit give them year-round interest…unless they are devastated by disease! Crabapples are susceptible to four major diseases which can cause early defoliation, disfigurement and weakening of trees. Apple scab is the most common and most serious of the diseases. It shows up on leaves as olive green spots with a velvety, grayish surface. In July leaves often turn yellow or orange and drop from the tree. Another serious disease, fire blight, causes the leaves to blacken, shrivel and hang down. Cedar apple rust shows up as conspicuous bright yellow to orange spots on the upper leaf surfaces. And powdery mildew appears in mid-summer as patches of grayish white powder on leaves and fruit. You probably don’t want plants that have to be sprayed in order to be attractive! Many of the older varieties may look great in flower but then succumb to scab or other disease in mid-summer, looking tattered and torn for the remainder of the season. Some cultivars and hybrids that are readily available and have shown good resistance in many trials nationwide are listed below. All have single flowers and small fruit (less than 5/8" diameter). The temperatures at the end of each description are cold hardiness ratings from the Minnesota Landscape Arboretum.
  • Limited Time Cherry-Blossom Sweets Information to Enjoy Tokyo to Your Heart's Content, Recommended for the Spring Cherry-Blossom Season

    Limited Time Cherry-Blossom Sweets Information to Enjoy Tokyo to Your Heart's Content, Recommended for the Spring Cherry-Blossom Season

    March 9, 2017 Limited time cherry-blossom sweets information to enjoy Tokyo to your heart's content, recommended for the spring cherry-blossom season Tobu Railway Co., Ltd. During the season overflowing with the charm of Japan when cherry-blossoms bloom, there will be many limited time offers on sweets made with cherry-blossom in the areas along the Tobu Railway, spanning across 4 Tokyo prefectures. People and visitors alike can enjoy cherry-blossom sweets perfect for souvenirs or a quick break during a trip, such as Japanese sweets embracing cherry-blossom bean paste, or thin cookies with a layer of cherry-blossom ganache. Also, the Tobu Railway will be implementing the "TOBU SAKURA MATSURI 2017," an event to share the charm of cherry-blossoms along the railway with foreign tourists visiting Japan. Since there are many sights along the Tobu Railway lines in which these cherry-blossoms can be seen, a special limited-time-only website will be opened to introduce recommended cherry-blossom viewing spots, the best times for seeing them bloom, and shops offering cherry-blossom sweets. In addition, Tobu Railways have newly set-up an official Instagram account (Account Name: tobu_tokyo_gourmet), sharing pictures of Japanese cuisine and introducing gourmet information from spots along the Tobu Railway lines to foreign tourists visiting Japan. In Japan, the culture known as "Hanami" exists. "Hanami" is a time in which family and friends gather together to celebrate the coming of spring, eating dumplings and box lunches outside while watching the blooming cherry-blossoms. Please take this opportunity to visit Japan in the spring to see the cherry-blossoms, and enjoy a part of Japanese culture unique to the season.
  • Invasive Asteraceae Copy.Indd

    Invasive Asteraceae Copy.Indd

    Family Asteraceae Family: Asteraceae Spotted Knapweed Centaurea biebersteinii DC. Synonyms Acosta maculosa auct. non Holub, Centaurea maculosa auct. non Lam. Related Species Russian Knapweed Acroptilon repens (L.) DC. Description Spotted knapweed is a biennial to short-lived perennial plant. Seedling cotyledons are ovate, with the first leaves lance-shaped, undivided, and hairless. (Young seedlings can appear grass-like.) Stems grow 1 to 4 feet tall, and are many-branched, with a single flower at the end of each branch. Rosette leaves are indented or divided Old XID Services photo by Richard about half-way to the midrib. Stem leaves are alternate, pinnately divided, Spotted knapweed flower. and get increasingly smaller toward the tip of each branch. Flower heads are urn-shaped, up to 1 inch wide, and composed of pink, purple, or sometimes white disk flowers. A key characteristic of spotted knap- weed is the dark comb-like fringe on the tips of the bracts, found just below the flower petals. These dark-tipped bracts give this plant its “spotted” appearance. Russian knapweed is a creeping perennial plant that is extensively branched, with solitary urn-shaped pink or purple flower heads at the end of each branch. Similar in appearance to spotted knapweed, Russian knapweed can be distinguished by its slightly smaller flower heads, flower head bracts covered in light hairs, with papery tips, and scaly dark brown or black rhizomes, which have a burnt appearance. Family: Asteraceae Spotted Knapweed Leaves and stems of both spotted and Russian knapweeds are covered in fine hairs, giving the plants a grayish cast.
  • Chrysanthemum

    Chrysanthemum

    Plant of the Week Chrysanthemum Mother’s Day is celebrated in Australia on the second Sunday in May. For most of the early years of the last century, it was seen as a day on which “Mum” had a day off work, to be thoroughly spoiled by husband and children. Breakfast in bed was usually followed by attendance at church, with all wearing white flowers, often Gardenias. Later, Chrysanthemums became a popular Mother’s Day gift. Sellers of Chrysanthemum flowers, known as the “bucket brigade”, could be found on every street corner and every lay by for miles around Sydney. The current concept that an expensive gift must be bought for mother on Mother’s Day has evolved in relatively recent years, a devious marketing ploy to which most of us have succumbed! Prior to the establishment of Macquarie University, the land which is now campus, was farmed by (mostly) Italian market gardeners. In addition to fruit, and vegetables, they grew flowers, including Chrysanthemums for the Sydney flower market. Later, on the site now occupied by MGSM, groundsman David Melville grew flowers, including Chrysanthemums, for university administrative offices and library. jú huā The Chrysanthemum (菊花) has great significance in Chinese culture where it is known, together with orchid, bamboo and plum blossom, as one of the “Four Gentlemen” 四君子(Si Jun Zi)2. Chrysanthemum is first recorded in Chinese literature in the 7th Century BC when the yellow flowers were used in Chinese traditional medicine. Drinking Chrysanthemum tea was seen to promote longevity, perhaps even immortality. The Chrysanthemum is also considered to symbolise the Confucian scholar.
  • (Glebionis Carinatum) and Crown Daisy (G. Coronaria) Using Ovule Culture

    (Glebionis Carinatum) and Crown Daisy (G. Coronaria) Using Ovule Culture

    Plant Biotechnology 25, 535–539 (2008) Original Paper Intergeneric hybridization of marguerite (Argyranthemum frutescens) with annual chrysanthemum (Glebionis carinatum) Special Issue and crown daisy (G. coronaria) using ovule culture Hisao Ohtsuka1,*, Zentaro Inaba2 1 Shizuoka Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Iwata, Shizuoka 438-0803, Japan; 2 Shizuoka Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry/Izu Agricultural Research Center, Higashiizu, Shizuoka 413-0411, Japan * E-mail: [email protected] Tel: ϩ81-538-36-1553 Fax: ϩ81-538-37-8466 Received August 20, 2008; accepted November 10, 2008 (Edited by T. Handa) Abstract To diversify flower color and growth habit of marguerite (Argyranthemum frutescens), intergeneric crossing was carried out using marguerite as the seed parent and annual chrysanthemum (Glebionis carinatum) or crown daisy (G. coronaria) as the pollen parent. After cross-pollination, seedlings were successfully obtained by applying ovule culture. Ovule culture-derived plants showed novel characteristics in flower shape and color (orange, reddish brown, or wisteria pink) that are not observed in marguerite. Some also showed novel flowering habits such as perpetual flowering. The results indicate that these ovule culture-derived plants were intergeneric hybrids and that the hybrids obtained in the present study may be useful for further breeding of marguerite, especially for introducing valuable characteristics such as a wide range of flower color. Key words: Argyranthemum, Glebionis, intergeneric hybridization, ovule culture. Marguerite (Argyranthemum frutescens) is a perennial germplasm for the breeding of marguerite, but most of plant native to the Canary Islands, Spain (Bramwell et them have white flowers and diversity in flower color and al. 2001) and Madeira, Portugal (Press et al.
  • A Symbol Becomes the Culture: Reinventing Japanese Cherry Blossoms

    A Symbol Becomes the Culture: Reinventing Japanese Cherry Blossoms

    LUND UNIVERSITY • CENTRE FOR EAST AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAN STUDIES A symbol becomes the culture: Reinventing Japanese cherry blossoms Author: Hanyan Ye Supervisor: Annika Pissin Master’s Programme in Asian Studies Spring semester 2015 ABSTRACT A major concern of this thesis was the changing meanings of cherry blossoms in Japanese history, and the images of Japan created through the flower. With a peculiar emphasis on today’s international context, when cherry blossoms have become a unique culture of Japan, this research inquired into the process of symbol-making. The Zenith concept of nyoze and poststructural discussions on language-power relations functioned as critical theoretical tools in revealing the articulation of knowledge within meanings related to the symbol, which empowered certain “truths” at different historical stages. In addition, the thesis illustrated that aestheticization and commodification were the two prominent forces in reinventing meanings, making them appear natural or commonsensical. Meanwhile, supported by interview findings, the thesis investigated into the uniqueness and authenticity of cherry blossoms in Japan, and contended that they !reinforced the asserted cultural homogeneity of the country. Keywords: cherry blossoms, national symbols, nyoze, reinvention of traditions, aestheticization, !commodification, Nihonjinron ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor Annika Pissin. Without your help and encouragement it could have been so much more difficult to finish this thesis. Also, I would like to thank Professor Paul Watt from Waseda University, your knowledge on Zen Buddhism guided me to find out a linkage between Zenith concepts and post-structural discussions on language and knowledge. ! In addition, many thanks go out to the interviewees who took part in my research, your insights in the topic greatly inspired me to look from an angel of cherry blossoms as a unique Japanese culture.
  • 15. HIBISCUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 693. 1753, Nom. Cons

    15. HIBISCUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 693. 1753, Nom. Cons

    Flora of China 12: 286–294. 2007. 15. HIBISCUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 693. 1753, nom. cons. 木槿属 mu jin shu Bombycidendron Zollinger & Moritzi; Fioria Mattei; Furcaria (Candolle) Kosteletzky (1836), not Desvaux (1827); Hibiscus sect. Furcaria Candolle; H. sect. Sabdariffa Candolle; Ketmia Miller; Sabdariffa (Candolle) Kosteletzky; Solandra Murray (1785), not Linnaeus (1759), nor Swartz (1787), nom. cons.; Talipariti Fryxell. Shrubs, subshrubs, trees, or herbs. Leaf blade palmately lobed or entire, basal veins 3 or more. Flowers axillary, usually solitary, sometimes subterminal and ± congested into a terminal raceme, 5-merous, bisexual. Epicalyx lobes 5 to many, free or connate at base, rarely very short (H. schizopetalus) or absent (H. lobatus). Calyx campanulate, rarely shallowly cup-shaped or tubular, 5-lobed or 5-dentate, persistent. Corolla usually large and showy, variously colored, often with dark center; petals adnate at base to staminal tube. Filament tube well developed, apex truncate or 5-dentate; anthers throughout or only on upper half of tube. Ovary 5-loculed or, as a result of false partitions, 10-loculed; ovules 3 to many per locule; style branches 5; stigmas capitate. Fruit a capsule, cylindrical to globose, valves 5, dehiscence loculicidal and sometimes partially septicidal or indehiscent (H. vitifolius Linnaeus). Seeds reniform, hairy or glandular verrucose. About 200 species: tropical and subtropical regions; 25 species (12 endemic, four introduced) in China. According to recent molecular studies (Pfeil et al., Syst. Bot. 27: 333–350. 2002), Hibiscus is paraphyletic, and as more taxa are sampled and a more robust phylogeny is constructed, the genus undoubtedly will be recast. Species of other genera of Hibisceae found in China, such as Abelmoschus, Malvaviscus, and Urena, fall within a monophyletic Hibiscus clade.
  • Japonisme in Britain - a Source of Inspiration: J

    Japonisme in Britain - a Source of Inspiration: J

    Japonisme in Britain - A Source of Inspiration: J. McN. Whistler, Mortimer Menpes, George Henry, E.A. Hornel and nineteenth century Japan. Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History of Art, University of Glasgow. By Ayako Ono vol. 1. © Ayako Ono 2001 ProQuest Number: 13818783 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 13818783 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 4 8 1 0 6 - 1346 GLASGOW UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 122%'Cop7 I Abstract Japan held a profound fascination for Western artists in the latter half of the nineteenth century. The influence of Japanese art is a phenomenon that is now called Japonisme , and it spread widely throughout Western art. It is quite hard to make a clear definition of Japonisme because of the breadth of the phenomenon, but it could be generally agreed that it is an attempt to understand and adapt the essential qualities of Japanese art. This thesis explores Japanese influences on British Art and will focus on four artists working in Britain: the American James McNeill Whistler (1834-1903), the Australian Mortimer Menpes (1855-1938), and two artists from the group known as the Glasgow Boys, George Henry (1858-1934) and Edward Atkinson Hornel (1864-1933).
  • Althea (Rose of Sharon)

    Althea (Rose of Sharon)

    Common Name: Althea (Rose of Sharon) Scientific Name: Hibiscus syriacus Order: Malvales Family: Malvaceae Description Althea is a deciduous plant. It has a summer flowering period in which it bears pleasing hollyhock flowers well into the fall. This is a vigorous, upright growing deciduous vase-shaped shrub which can be either left to grow in multi-stemmed shape or thinned to a single stem small tree. Leaves are 3-lobed, medium green in color with a coarse texture. From early summer through the fall it bears very showy hollyhock-like-petaled flowers which can be 3” in diameter. Flowers vary in color but are often pink with red centers. A notable white stamen forms in the center of the flower. Growth Habit Althea is an easy-to-grow shrub. It grows with a height increase of 13-24” per year. The growth rate ranges from slow to moderate, and transplanting is easy. Hardiness Zone(s) Althea grows in U.S Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zone 5 (UK) but is also able to grow in the zones 5b-9a, as well as higher zones where temperatures are not extreme. Culture Althea can grow and survive in full sun, partial sun, or even partial shade. It has certain soil tolerances and soils can vary from sand, loam, clay; acidic; occasionally wet; well-drained. It also has a moderate tolerance to drought. It can grow in suitable pH; the range that is tolerated by the althea varies from 3.7-7.3. Prune the althea in late winter or early spring to promote the new growth and maintain larger flower size.