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Klassificering Av Främmande Arters Effekter På Biologisk Mångfald I Sverige – Artdatabankens Risklista

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Klassificering Av Främmande Arters Effekter På Biologisk Mångfald I Sverige – Artdatabankens Risklista ArtDatabanken Rapporterar l 21 Ekologisk effekt Invasionspotential Klassificering av främmande arters effekter på biologisk mångfald i Sverige – ArtDatabankens risklista Malin Strand, Mora Aronsson, Mikael Svensson Författare Malin Strand, Mora Aronsson, Mikael Svensson Layout Katarina Nyberg Utgivare ArtDatabanken SLU, Box 7007, 750 07 Uppsala Rekommenderad citering Strand, M., Aronsson, M., & Svensson, M. 2018. Klassificering av främmande arters effekter på biologisk mångfald i Sverige – ArtDatabankens risklista. ArtDatabanken Rapporterar 21. ArtDatabanken SLU, Uppsala. Distribution Rapporten kan kostnadsfritt laddas ner eller beställas som tryckt version från: www.artdatabanken.se/artdatabankens-risklista Rapporten har delfinansierats av Naturvårdsverket och Havs- och vattenmyndigheten. Copyright © 2018 Förlag: ArtDatabanken SLU, Uppsala Tryck: Taberg Media Group ISBN: 978-91-87853-37-1 (tryck) ISBN: 978-91-87853-38-8 (pdf) ISSN: 1402-6090 Innehåll Sammanfattning ............................................................................3 English summary ...........................................................................3 Introduktion och bakgrund ...................................................................4 Begrepp och definitioner...................................................................4 Främmande art .........................................................................4 Invasiv främmande art ...................................................................4 ArtDatabankens uppdrag ..................................................................4 Förutsättningar och avgränsningar.........................................................5 Metod och genomförande ................................................................5 Screening enligt EICAT 2015 (Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa) ....................6 Metod och genomförande..................................................................6 Riskklassificering enligt GEIAA v 3.3 (Generic Ecological Impact Assessment of Alien Species)........8 Metod...................................................................................8 Artinformation – underliggande data om arter ...............................................8 Naturtyper .............................................................................9 Uppskattning av risk.....................................................................9 Klimatscenarier .........................................................................9 Resultat ..................................................................................14 Resultat för screening enligt EICAT 2015....................................................14 Kommentarer till resultatet av EICAT-screening .............................................14 Resultat av analyser i GEIAA ..............................................................14 Kommentarer till resultat av riskklassificeringen .............................................15 Sammanfattande resultat från riskklassificeringen.............................................16 Utfall riskklassificering för djur .............................................................18 Utfall riskklassificering för växter och svampar................................................25 Referenser................................................................................40 Bilaga 1. Listor över främmande arter .........................................................41 Bilaga 2. Kataloger över naturtyper ...........................................................42 2 ArtDatabankens biologer utförde stora delar av arbetet med scre­ ening och riskklassificering: Karin Ahrné (fjärilar), Mora Aronsson (kärlväxter, lavar), Ulf Bjelke (limniska evertebrater, landsnäckor), Christina Halling (alger), Artur Larsson ( steklar), Håkan Ljungberg (skalbaggar), Niklas Lönnell (mossor), Kerstin Mo (marina everte­ brater), Elisabet Ottosson (svampar), Jonas Sandström (tvåvingar, halvvingar m.m.), Sebastian Sundberg (kärlväxter), Mikael Svensson (fisk), Henrik Thurfjell (ryggradsdjur utom fisk). Externa experter och utförare har konsulterats och utfört delar av arbetet: Matz Berg­ gren (marina evertebrater), Sofia Lund (kärlväxter), Lina Tomasson (kärlväxter), Ted von Proschwitz (land­ och sötvattensmollus­ ker), Inger Wallentinus (alger), Hans­Erik Wanntorp (skalbaggar). Charlotte Axén på Statens veterinär medicinska anstalt bidrog med kunskap i frågor om fisk. Art Databankens expertkommittéer har varit aktiva i att följa och bidra med kompetens till arbetet. Metodgranskningen av GEIAA1 genomfördes av följande perso­ ner på SLU: Niklas Björklund, Johanna Boberg, Torbjörn Ebenhard, Ann­Britt Florin, Emma Holmström, Ane Laugen. Många kunniga personer utanför SLU bidrog med ytterligare kunskap om arterna under den period som de preliminära resultaten presenterades. ArtDatabanken har under arbetet haft mycket värdefull hjälp av den norska Artsdatabanken. Ett särskilt tack till Olga Hilmo, Lisbet Gederaas, Helge Sandmark och Stein Arild Hoem för mycket gott samarbete och konstruktivt informationsutbyte kring arbetsprocess, metodik och IT­system. Sofia Brockmark på Havs­ och vattenmyn­ digheten har bidragit till arbetet i sin helhet. Tack också till Henrik Lange, Johan Näslund och Karolina Åsman på Naturvårdsverket. Björn Karlsson var ansvarig för IT­teknik på ArtDatabanken. Lena Tranvik har varit ansvarig chef på ArtDatabanken, och Malin Strand var projektledare för arbetet. 3 Sammanfattning ArtDatabanken har på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket och Havs­ och vattenmyndigheten riskklassificerat 1033 arter. Risken avser sannolikheten att de utgör, eller kan komma att utgöra, en risk för inhemsk biologisk mångfald. Under perioden mars–augusti 2017 genomfördes en översiktlig genomgång av främmande arter med utgångspunkt i IUCN:s metodik EICAT 2. Uppdragets startpunkt var en lista på drygt 5 000 arter som beställarna sammanställt utifrån tidigare existerande artlistor. En delmängd av de arter som behövt fördjupad granskning av biologin för att möjliggöra uppskattning av vilken risk de utgör för inhemsk biologisk mångfald har riskklassificerats under 2017–2018 enligt meto­ den GEIAA1. Metoden ger en uppskattning av den ekologiska effekten och invasionspotentialen för främmande arter. Den utgår ifrån arternas biologi och utbredningshistorik. Metoden användes i kombination med antaganden om framtida klimat. Metoder och resultat presenteras i denna rapport. English summary During the period 2017–2018 ArtDatabanken/the Swedish Species Information Centre was assigned to estimate the po­ tential risks from alien species concerning native biodiversity in Sweden. The assignment was performed on behalf of the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management and the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. The starting point was a list of approximately 5,000 macro­ scopic species from a wide range of relevant distribution areas. A first step was to screen all of these species using a simplified EICAT 2 protocol. The aim of the screening was to identify taxa potentially harmful to domestic biodiversity within a future perspective of 50 years. After the screening a selection of species (1,033) were analysed through the risk assessment method GEIAA1: This method is semi­quantitative and estima­ tes ecological effects and invasion potential from a fixed set of criteria based on the species’ biology and distribution history. The method was used in combination with predictions of the future climate. This report presents the methods and results. 1 Generic Ecological Impact Assessment of Alien Species (Version 3.3). 2 Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa. 4 Introduktion och bakgrund Arbetet med riskklassificering innebär en systematisk utvärde­ Främmande art ring av ett urval främmande arters potentiella negativa effekt Art, underart eller lägre taxonomisk enhet som introducerats på svensk inhemsk biologisk mångfald. Metoden för utvärde­ utanför sin historiska eller nutida naturliga utbredning. Defi­ ring baseras på bedömning av invasionspotential och ekolo­ nitionen inkluderar alla delar, gameter, frön, ägg eller andra gisk effekt, och arterna kategoriseras i s.k. riskklasser. propaguler som kan överleva och ge upphov till nya individer. Havs­ och vattenmyndigheten (HaV) och Naturvårdsverket Begreppet omfattar arter som med människans hjälp passerar (NV) arrangerade under våren 2016 en workshop med spridningsbarriärer och därmed lyckats sprida sig utanför sitt represen tanter från ArtDatabanken, Artsdatabanken i Norge, naturliga utbredningsområde. Storbritanniens sekretariat för främmande arter (GB non­ native “Alien species” (non-native, non-indigenous, foreign, exotic) means species secretariat, NNSS), EPPO (European and Mediter­ a species, subspecies, or lower taxon occurring outside of its natural ranean Plant Protection Organization) och Lunds Universitet range (past or present) and dispersal potential (i.e. outside the range för att diskutera för­ och nackdelar med olika scree ning­ och it occupies naturally or could not occupy without direct or indirect riskbedömningsmetoder för att klassificera främman de arter. introduction or care by humans) and includes any part, gametes or Efter mötet utvärderades metoderna av HaV och NV och en propagule of such species that might survive and subsequently repro- process för fortsatt svenskt arbete utarbetades under hösten och duce. (IUCN, 2000. IUCN guidelines for the prevention of vintern 2016/2017. I denna process ingår bl.a. ArtDatabankens
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