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Neue Heroen in Einer Zeit Lebender Götter

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Neue Heroen in Einer Zeit Lebender Götter Neue Heroen in einer Zeit lebender Götter Die Artikulation heroischer Muster in den Herrscherkulten und Honoratiorenkulten der griechischen Städte der früh- und hochhellenistischen Epochen (336-150 v. Chr.) Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultät der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg i. Br. vorgelegt von Thibaut Boddez aus Braine-le-Comte (Belgien) WS 2016-2017 Erstgutachterin: Prof. Dr. Sitta von Reden Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Ralf von den Hoff Vorsitzender des Promotionsauschusses der Gemeinsamen Kommission der Philologischen und der Philosophischen Fakultät: Prof. Dr. Joachim Grage Datum der Disputation: 29.06.2017 Meinen Eltern Dankwort Die vorliegende Arbeit ist die leicht überarbeitete Fassung der Dissertation, die im Rahmen der ersten Förderphase des SFB 948 „Helden – Heroismen – Heroisierungen“ (2012-2016) geschrieben wurde und im Wintersemester 2016-2017 von der Gemeinsamen Kommission der Philologischen und der Philosophischen Fakultät angenommen wurde. Mein Dank für die Gelegenheit, in diesem interdisziplinären Forschungsprojekt zu forschen, gilt zunächst meiner Betreuerin Prof. Dr. S. von Reden. Ihr Beistand vom Beginn bis zum Abschluss der Promotionsarbeit hat das Vorliegen der Dissertationsarbeit möglich gemacht. Ferner hat die Dissertation von der Beratung meines Zweitbetreuers Prof. Dr. R. von den Hoff erheblich profitiert. Besonders wertvoll waren auch Gespräche mit Prof. Dr. G. Ekroth in Uppsala, mit Prof. Dr. A. Chaniotis in Princeton und mit den Teilnehmern des Panels „Meet the New Gods, Same as the Old Gods? Formulary, Ritual and Status in Hellenistic Ruler Cult“ während der achten „Celtic Conference in Classics“ in Edinburgh vom 25.-28. Juni 2014. Mein besonderer Dank für die Teilnahme an der Konferenz gilt dabei den Organisatoren dieses Panels, Dr. S. Caneva und Dr. J.-M. Carbon. Für ihre Bereitschaft, weite Teile der Dissertationsarbeit nachzulesen und zu korrigieren, bin ich ebenfalls J. Fröhlich, S. Worschech, M. Hänfling, J. Heller, J.-N. Heinrich, T. Hötzel und N. Möller dankbar. Übriggebliebene Sprach- und Denkfehler liegen in meiner Verantwortung. Schließlich möchte ich an dieser Stelle meiner Familie, im Besonderen meinen Eltern, für ihre Unterstützung danken. Freiburg i. Br., Juli 2019 Inhaltsverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis ............................................................................................................... 9 1. Einleitung .......................................................................................................................... 11 2. Lykien und der Heroenkult................................................................................................ 23 2.1 Eine heroische Selbstdarstellung lykischer Dynasten? ............................................ 24 2.2 Die Heroisierung von lykischen Dynasten ................................................................ 31 3 Die Hekatomniden und der Heroenkult ........................................................................... 37 3.1 Die Bestattung des Maussollos ................................................................................ 38 3.2 Vorläufer des Maussolleions in Karien: das Uzun Yuva ........................................... 42 3.3 Weitere kultische Ehren für Maussollos und Idrieus ............................................... 44 3.4 Die lykische und karische Herrscherverehrung: ein Zwischenfazit .......................... 48 4 Die makedonische Dynastie und der Heroenkult ............................................................. 51 4.1 Die Argeaden und die Königsgräber von Vergina .................................................... 51 4.2 Die Verehrung von makedonischen Königen vor Alexander dem Großen .............. 57 4.3 Die heroische Herrscherrepräsentation und Alexander der Große ......................... 66 4.3.1 Alexander und die Argeaden ........................................................................................... 66 4.3.2 Die Heroisierung von Hephaistion .................................................................................. 82 4.4 Zum Verhältnis zwischen Herrscherrepräsentation und Herrscherkult .................. 87 5 Die hellenistischen Könige: Götter oder Heroen. Über die heroischen Repräsentationsformen der Diadochen und ihrer Nachfolger ................................................ 89 5.1 Top-down und Bottom-up Perspektiven .................................................................. 89 5.2 Alexanders Verehrung in Alexandria ........................................................................ 94 5.3 Antigonos und Demetrios in Athen 307 v. Chr. ..................................................... 103 5.4 Die Phylen ............................................................................................................... 112 5.5 Die Gründerkulte .................................................................................................... 117 5.6 Über das Verhältnis zwischen heroischen und göttlichen Kultaspekten im Herrscherkult ...................................................................................................................... 125 6 Die kultische Ehrung von königlichen Beamten ............................................................. 129 6.1 Die königlichen Gefolgsmänner ............................................................................. 130 6.1.1 Bourichos, Adeimantos und Oxythemis in Athen .......................................................... 130 6.1.2 Aristonikos in Karystos auf Euboia ................................................................................ 136 6.1.3 Nikomedes in Kos .......................................................................................................... 139 6.1.4 Prepelaos in Kolophon ................................................................................................... 143 6.1.5 Kineas in Ai Khanoum .................................................................................................... 144 6.1.6 Philetairos in Kyme ........................................................................................................ 146 6.1.7 Achaios, Banabelos und Lachares in Neon Teichos und Kiddiou Kome ........................ 149 6.1.8 Themison in Ephesos ..................................................................................................... 152 6.1.9 Olympichos in Karien ..................................................................................................... 154 6.1.10 Asklepides im Südost Lydiens .................................................................................... 161 6.1.11 Ausblick: Die missglückte Heroisierung von Kleomenes ........................................... 164 6.2 Kulte für königliche Gefolgsleute: Ein Zwischenfazit ............................................. 169 7 Wohltäterkulte im Hellenismus (323-150 v. Chr.) .......................................................... 173 7.1 Der Honoratiorenkult ............................................................................................. 173 7.2 Unabhängigkeitshelden .......................................................................................... 176 7.2.1 Eudamos und Lydiadas in Megalopolis .......................................................................... 176 7.2.2 Aratos in Sikyon ............................................................................................................. 182 7.2.3 Philopoimen in Megalopolis .......................................................................................... 184 7.2.4 Diogenes Euergetes in Athene ....................................................................................... 189 7.2.5 Ausblick: Unabhängigkeitshelden, Heroen der Stadt, Heroen der Familie ................... 191 7.3 Geldgeber ............................................................................................................... 194 7.3.1 Artemidoros von Perge auf Thera ................................................................................. 194 7.3.2 Lyson im Gymnasion von Xanthos ................................................................................. 201 7.3.3 Anticharis im Gymnasion von Kyaneai .......................................................................... 203 7.3.4 Xenombrotos auf Samos................................................................................................ 204 7.3.5 Phanagoras in Erythrai ................................................................................................... 206 7.3.6 Aleximachos in Aigiale ................................................................................................... 207 7.3.7 Heroteimos .................................................................................................................... 210 7.4 Die kultische Ehrung von Wohltätern: Ein Zwischenfazit ...................................... 213 8 Zum Verhältnis zwischen dem Herrscherkult und dem Kult für andere Zeitgenossen .. 223 8.1 Die heroische Herrscherdarstellung aus der klassischen Zeit (Lykien, Karien und Makedonien) ...................................................................................................................... 224 8.2 Die konkreten Verhältnisse zwischen gottgleichen Herrscherkulten und Kulten für andere Zeitgenossen (323-150 v. Chr.) .............................................................................. 227 Appendix 1: Die Bedeutung und Verwendung des Begriffs ἥρως ........................................
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