www.aquatutus.org Since 1955; now in our 64th year of & fun September 2019

Since 1958... a publicaon from the Aqua Tutus Diving Club, a non-profit organizaon MEETING PROGRAM for OCTOBER 3rd established to promote and to Alison Young: Photographing Nudibranchs—For Science further the sport of . MEETING SCHEDULE General Club Meeting: First Thursday of Every Month at 7:30 p.m. (except December, no meeting) Board of Directors Meeting: Third Thursday of Every Month at 7:00 p.m. (except December, no meeting) Location: Ricky’s Sports Theatre & Grill Love nudibranchs? Have a passion for ? Interested in 15028 Hesperian Blvd. contributing to marine research and informing management of California's Marine San Leandro, CA 94578 Protected Areas? This talk will feature the intersection of the three: taking photos of nudibranchs (and other marine organisms) for science! California's rocky inter- tidal and subtidal are amazingly rich in diversity, and careful exploration will reveal UPCOMING CLUB HIGHLIGHTS an incredible number of species. October 12 : Full Moon Club dive at There are over one hundred nudibranch species known from California and on a Breakwater, with PG Hyperbaric Cham- good day, 30 species of sea slugs can be found during one walk through the - ber Tour. pools. First we'll explore the common and not-so-common nudibranch species you ** General Meeting in November is on can find along our local Bay Area coastline. Then we'll dive into citizen science Nov 14 ( NOT November 7) ** and “iNaturalist” for exploring the coast (and beyond), identifying nudibranchs and November 9-11 : Veteran’s Day weekend other intertidal creatures, and becoming part of the community contributing to this dives. rapidly-growing global biodiversity database used extensively for science, man- December 7 : Club Holiday Party agement, and conservation! Dec 20-Jan 4 : 6th Annual Holi- Please come and join us for this interesting program, to learn abut opportunities day Trip. for divers to get involved with Citizen Science.

For a complete listing of club activities visit Meetup or ATDC Event Calendar . Board elections are coming up !! See more details on page 13.

IN THIS ISSUE Entertainment Report ...... 2 General & BOD Meeting Minutes…. 3 -5 Arnie’s Tech Tidbits, Pt 3 …...... … 6 - 9 Travel, Training, Events ...... 9-13 Club contacts & useful links ..…...... …14

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Elections for the Board of Officers (BOD) will be held at the November

Thank you presenters and newsletter con- General Meeting . Please consider volunteering yourself or nominating tributors for making this Aqua Tooter possi- someone that you have spoken with who might want to volunteer. There ble this month: Alan Throop, Gayle Hudson, are more specific descriptions of the officer duties on page 13 . Debbie Driggers, Jenn Pechacek, Arnie Warshawsky, Neil Benjamin, Kari Klaboe, Serving on the BOD is fun; it gets you involved with the club and the gen- Elaine Berger, Alison Young, Linda Muth, eral dive community in the Bay Area; it looks great on your resume; and it DL Popplewell gives you a great sense of participation and accomplishment.

Thanks to Steele’s Discount Scuba for If you have interest or questions, please talk to any of the officers at the sending member candidates to Aqua Tutus next meeting who have nametags or contact them at the emails that are Diving Club. Steele’s is located at: listed on the last page of the newsletter. 5987 Telegraph Avenue The club is only as good as the people who participate in it. Oakland, CA 94609 (510) 655-4344 Help keep the club thriving and active !! 1 | The Aqua Tooter September, 2019

ENTERTAINMENT REPORT Report on August Club Dive at Salt Point By Linda Muth By Alan Throop & Linda Muth (Photo credits: Linda Muth) (photo credits: Linda Phillips, Linda Muth )

Editor’s note: The north-coast club dive was on August 24-25 this At our September General meeting, our own Elaine Berger year and was organized by the Muth Clan: Larry Muth, Linda presented a program on Aquatic Medicine. Muth, and Jim and Debbie Driggers. Many thanks for them to organizing the dive.

It was great to see the good turnout for the event! Thanks to Linda for the great photos and the report.

We had a total of 20 people this year. We all a had a wonderful time and are excited to go again next year. The weather was great. On Saturday, Jim and Elaine went in Photo: Linda Phillips Gerstle Cove while the oth- This past spring, Elaine attended a conference hosted by the ers went out for a scuba International Society of Aquatic Medicine in Costa Rica. At dive. Several people were the meeting she shared some of the interesting things that spear fishing including Dev- she learned at the conference. on who shared his lingcod and cabezon at the pot luck. Linda writes: Elaine did a wonderful job. It was informative,

creative and entertaining. I heard a lot of compliments. She covered a variety of subjects that can effect divers health including age, sleep apnea, poisonous marine life and equip- The club banner at the campsite ment to name a few. There were a number of good discus- sions that happened during the course of the presentation.

Many thanks to Elaine for the entertaining and useful pro- gram!

Jim & Elaine getting ready to

• Time x Depth = Nitrogen Load • Nitrogen Load x Ascent Rate = AGE factor in diving Risk for DCI [ Editor’s note: but old people can still dive !! ]

Divers & snorkelers make their entry Knowing CPR is important

Sleep apnea can be a risk

Know how to treat

poisonous species Proper equip- ment is your (photos by Linda Muth) safety lifeline A group photo of the happy campers ! 2 | The Aqua Tooter September, 2019

GENERAL MEMBERSHIP MEETING MINUTES September 2019 Reported by Secretary Gayle Hudson

DATE : September 5, 2019 more information on training, contact Dennis Hocker at 510-

Meeting called to order by President Patti Shannon-Hocker at 792-5606 [email protected] or Neil Benjamin at 510- Rickys Sports Bar and Grill in San Leandro, CA at 7:34 pm. 673-0073 [email protected] .

66 members present. Newsletter (Kari Klaboe, for Alan Throop) • The newsletter went out via Mail Chimp. Patti asked for a moment of slence to honor the lives lost on • Input is needed by the 20th of every month. the M/V Conception on September 2. • Contact Alan Throop at [email protected] if you are not receiving the newsletter. Input due by the 20th of Speaker: Our own Ellaine Berger spoke about Aquatic Medi- the month. cine • Content on any material of diver interest is always wel- come; dive reports and photos are encouraged.

Guests : • Joseph and Alma: Joseph was certified November 2018 in Webmaster (Kari Klaboe) Cozumel and was invited to the meeting by Oliver and Jim to • The website up to date and newsletter posted. consider diving in Monterey. • Content can be sent to [email protected] . • Eric: Certified 25 years ago; mostly free dives but just loves being in the water. Cencal : • No report. See semi-monthly reports in Tooter.

Treasurer’s Report (Helga Mahlmann) Club Assets, total: $6,044.61 Special Committees : • Classes = $2,778.21 Holiday Party: December 7 at La Cabana. Holiday Party: Kari • General account = $3,266.40 Klaboe is helping Alan for this event, which will begin at Larry the Elder submitted a receipt for software for the Enter- 6:30pm on December 7 at La Cabana. Kari passed around a tainment computer. signup sheet for volunteers. This is a great party – raffle (to benefit the Pacific Grove Hyperbaric Chamber), dancing,

great food, games, Santa! Patti encouraged everyone to sign Entertainment (Jenn Pechacek) up as soon as possible so food can be planned. • October: Alison Young, Cal Academy – Citizen Scientists / Tidepool photography. Old Business • November: Member’s Night #2, 2019. • Meeting time : the Board considered member input last For Members Night: give thumb drive with photos/videos to month and have decided not to change the 7:30pm start DL or Laurie in advance of the November 7 meeting. Length time of the meeting. In order to finish by 9pm, so everyone not to exceed five minutes. can leave early enough and/or enjoy more social time and • December: No General Meeting; Holiday Party Dec 7. allow Ricky’s to begin cleanup, speakers will be asked to Help with entertainment is always welcome , including taking limit their presentations to 35-40 minutes. Also, when talk- notes of the presentation; recommending speakers; back -up ing about past dives, members are asked to keep their for Alan to do set up. Any help is appreciated. summaries to about one minute-ish.

If you have any requests or suggestions for future entertain- New Business ment, let us know at [email protected] • It’s never too soon to serve as a club officer . Please come to a BOD meeting and learn more. Membership and Meetup (Kat Smith) • • Member Roster: An opt-in choice will be added to the Membership: 77 Regular, 10 Associate, 8 Lifetime - 95 total online club application so members can decide where or • MeetUp: about 88 members not they want their contact information shared. Devin Mar- • Facebook : open to the public. If you post a dive there, any- tinez suggested members share contact information during one can see it and potentially show up. the social hour. Patti said Board member contact infor- • Meetup : Participation is limited to club members. If you want mation is available on the website and Meetup has email to organize a dive, let Kat or an organizer know and she will addresses. make you a temporary organizer so you can set up a dive. Discussion ensued on how to contact members and Neil suggested a photo be added to the opt-in feature to make it easier for newer members to put the faces to the names. Training (Dennis Hocker) - See ads in this newsletter Gayle suggested divers always dive with identification and • AOW: Dennis and Neil are holding Advanced Open Water emergency information on their person. She bought a Bag (AOW) class with the following schedule: September 12 and Tag and will post the information to the Facebook page and 17 for academics; 21 and 28 for diving; and the addition of said Dennis also has information about an ID bracelet. September 24, if needed, for academics. Three students • New Certifications : Neil, along with Jim Steele, present- have paid their fees and there are still openings. The cost for ed certification cards to Clayton Downs and ATDC members is $150.00, due by the September 5 Gen- Devin Martinez-Shinn, and NAUI Training Assistant cards eral meeting. The perquisite is three club dives. Students to Mike Barrett, DL Popplewell, and David Chervin. Con- must have three to five club dives prior to joining the class. • If there is interest in any other training, let Dennis know. For (Continued on page 5 )

3 | The Aqua Tooter September, 2019

BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING MINUTES September 2019 Reported by Kari Klaboe (for Gayle Hudson, Secretary) • Date : September 19, 2019 Kari to lead volunteer coordination this year. A volunteer sign-up list was circulated at the last general meeting and Meeting called to order by Vice-President Devin Martinez- there was quite a bit of interest from new club members. Shinn at Ricky’s Sports Theater and Grill in San Leandro, CA • Kat confirmed that Jono has volunteered to be the party MC. at 7:00 pm • The Board confirmed that the Holiday Party ticket prices will Present: ?? members present. be the same as last year. Kari to coordinate ticket sales on Square. Treasurer’s Report (Helga Mahlmann) • Club Assets, total: $6,044.61 Old Business • − Classes: $2,478.21 Officer nominations are coming up soon. Dennis, Helga, − General Fund: $3,442.84 and Kat indicated to the Board that they are interested in • continuing with their current positions. Devin indicated to the Cencal dues to be paid: $310 Board that he is interested in President, if someone could • Still receiving Open Water class funds. step in as Vice President. • Five new members joined • Group photo for Ricky’s: The Board discussed coordinating a group photo for members night in November. Devin also Membership & Social Media (Kat Smith-absent) offered to coordinate a “photo club dive”, so that we can take • 94 total members (8 lifetime, 11 associate) action shots of club members diving.

Entertainment (Laurie for Jenn Pechacek) New Business • October: Alison Young, Cal Academy, Citizen Science & • Club Dive Participation : It was mentioned that it may be Tidepool photography. good to document participation in club dives better. • November: 2019 Member’s Night #2 • Club Insurance : A question was brought up regarding the • December: No meeting; holiday party, December 7 club insurance coverage, as some new club members are Laurie is working with the Entertainment Committee to better not aware of our insurance coverage. Patti to provide a brief understand what assistance is needed. overview at the next club meeting for new club members. Board to review appropriate language for club dives and co- Training (Dennis Hocker) ordinate with new POCs. • Dennis and Neil will be offering Advanced Open Water • Entertainment Committee: (AOW) class. The class dive scheduled for this weekend − Responsibilities need to be updated to better reflect cur- (Sep. 21) was postponed to next weekend. The cost for rent committee requirements and responsibilities of differ- ATDC members is $150 and the perquisite is three club ent committee members. dives. − Alan is still willing to reach out to presenters. If you have interest in these or any other training classes, − DL is willing to help, but would prefer to not be in charge of please contact Dennis at: [email protected] . the projector during club meetings. For more information on training contact Dennis Hocker at − (510) 792-5606 [email protected] or Neil Benjamin at Jenn is willing to help with Meetup announcements. − (510) 673-0073 [email protected] . Committee to potentially ask presenters to help with write- ups. Newsletter (Alan Throop, not present) • Patti recommended that the upcoming activities announced Contact Alan at [email protected] if you are not re- at club meetings be tracked by one of the committee mem- ceiving the newsletter or to provide reports, photos, etc. Input bers, so that the list of upcoming activities can be updated is due by the 20th of the month. regularly. We’re always looking for input from members on dive reports, • Club General Meetings photos, dive safety, marine conservation, ecology/biology, re- − Kari to send out Mailchimp email indicating that the No- search, local organizations, travel, etc to share. vember meeting has been moved to November 14. − Patti indicated that Ricky’s would like us to move our Jan- Webmaster (Kari Klaboe) uary 2020 general meeting to January 9. The Board ap- • Events to be updated on the website this weekend. proved the change and the change will be announced at • Membership webpage edits seem to be working, as more upcoming meetings. people are paying for their club membership on Square. Kari will continue to work with Jenn on the Square integration. Upcoming Activities • Evergreen email inboxes were cleaned out, as some email • September 21 : Club Dive. POC is Kari and location is Cop- inboxes were full. Contact Kari if you need assistance with per Roof. Meet at 9am. accessing your Evergreen account. • October 12 : Full Moon Club Dive at Breakwater; POC is DL • Newsletter to come out when Alan returns from vacation. Popplewell. Helga will be scheduling a morning PG Cham- • We’re always looking for content. Content can be sent to ber Tour mailto:[email protected] . • November 9-11 : Veteran’s Day Weekend to include Pt. Lo- bos; POC is Kat Smith Cencal 2020 • no report • May 8-18: Maumere, Komodo, & Bima, Indonesia - Special Committees (Continued on page 5 , yellow box) 4 | The Aqua Tooter September, 2019

General Meeting Report (cont.) BOD Meeting Report (cont.) gratulations to all! Come aboard the Explorer Adventure Blue Manta. POC: • Elections : Patti said nominations will be taken at the Octo- Dennis Hocker. One space left. ber 3 meeting for President, Vice-President, Secretary, Treas- • August, 2020 : Club dive in Lake Tahoe; POC is DL Pop- urer, and Membership. A volunteer is also need to lead En- plewell tertainment. Descriptions of these positions will be the next 2021 newsletter. • July : Dennis is looking into a trip to Bonaire. Let him know if • Memorial : Matt is organizing a memorial for those lost on the you have any interest Conception. It will be held on Sunday, September 15. Meet Next Meetings at 10am and bring flowers to release at the Metridium field, to • be followed by a dive. Next General Membership meeting: October 3, 2019 • • Next Board of Directors meeting: October 17, 2019. Check Film : David Chervin announced will holding a fundraiser and showing of the film ‘Racing Extinc- Meeting Adjourned : 8:36 pm by Devin Martinez-Shinn tion’ at the New Parkway Theatre in Oakland on Sunday, September 15. The show starts at 12:45pm and the donation General Meeting Report (cont. from left) is $15. • • Susan Donaldson drove 10,000 miles – across the U.S. and Monterey Bay Aquarium Sleepover : Kat said MBA an- back – on her vacation and wanted to dive in Quebec. How- nounced a 21 and over sleepover with a taco bar and a DJ. It ever the rentals were $50 for four hours and she decided to was sold out in 48 hours. Kat called the Events Manager and free dive instead on the Gaspe Peninsula at Farillon National they said they need to hear from the public that more events Park near the Gulf of St. Lawrence. She went on two whale like this are in demand. Members are urged to write MBA watching tours but they were not allowed to get close to the and Kat will post the contact information, The cost for this Beluga whales, as they are endangered. event was $95 for members and $115 for non-members. A • Jeff M. dove at Lovers 2, had 60’ visibility, and a thresher private event could be held for 100 signups. shark touched him! Dive reports • Larry the younger was awarded the Gorilla Diver and Jono • Bo dove Monastery a couple of weeks ago and enjoyed nice the WAR diver and bonnet for their dives in Chuuk. visibility of 20-25’. Last week he dove Copper Roof and Breakwater and visibility wasn’t so good. Bone Nominations • Devin nominated Jeff and Deb and they were awarded the • Matt for diving without sufficient !

Good Buddy award for taking Devin . They told Good Buddy award him he would find a halibut and they dropped him right above • None a 30 lb. halibut. Devin was glad he didn’t have to compete with Deb for the fish. They dove off their boat at Cypress Upcoming Activity and Dives Point at Black Dog and Humpback, as well as Lovers 2. 2019 • • Bill Chinnock enjoyed Salt Point Camping weekend. Diving September 7-8: Fish Bait Urchin Removal with Waterman’s was OK but Fort Ross had the worst visibility of all time. Alliance at Caspar. Camping was fun and Bill closed the camp bar with Larry the • September 21: Club Dive. POC is Kari and location is Copper Elder. Roof. Meet at 9am. • Matt was in Maui and where he saw frog fish and eels. He • October 12: Club Dive is a Full Moon (almost) dive at Break- decided to dive with just shorts and a t-shirt and was under- water, 4:30 pm. POC is DL. A tour of the Pacific Grove Hy- weighted for the dive. He carried some rocks for a while until perbaric Chamber will be held at 9:30am. 20 spots are avail- the noticed his predicament and went back to the able and there is no cost. boat to get more . Matt described a comedy of errors • November 9-11: Club Dive Veterans Day Weekend, three as the divemaster helped him place the weights on his belt days of diving. POC is Kat Smith. The 10th will be Point Lo- while underwater. bos. Copper Roof will be another location and there is a pos- th • Jim Driggers said he free dove with Elaine Berger at Gerstle sibility of a three-tank boat dive on the 11 . Kat also has Cove. He has never seen the cove so bare of kelp; there was rented a house that sleeps ten or more. Let Kat know if no bull kelp in sight and the bottom was urchins on top of ur- you’re interested in staying at the house. chins. There were a few small abalone but the cove was 99% • December 20-January 4: 16 th Annual Cozumel Extravaganza. urchins. Patti will arrange hotels, contact her for space. Dive with Di- • Susan Donaldson drove 10,000 miles – across the U.S. and ve Paradise. $86 per room per night dbl occupancy or $82 for back – on her vacation and wanted to dive in Quebec. How- single in a room. Ten members have signed up and more are ever the rentals were $50 for four hours and she decided to interested. free dive instead on the Gaspe Peninsula at Farillon National 2020 Park near the Gulf of St. Lawrence. She went on two whale • May 8-18: Maumere, Komodo, & Bima, Indonesia - Aboard watching tours but they were not allowed to get close to the the Explorer Adventure Blue Manta. POC: Dennis Hocker. Beluga whales, as they are endangered. One space is left. • Jeff M. dove at Lovers 2, had 60’ visibility, and a thresher 2021 shark touched him! • July 26—July 10 : Bonaire with Dennis. See ad in this Tooter.

• Jim Driggers said he free dove with Elaine Berger at Gerstle Next Meetings Cove. He has never seen the cove so bare of kelp; there was • October 3: General Meeting no bull kelp in sight and the bottom was urchins on top of ur- • October 17: BOD Meeting chins. There were a few small abalone but the cove was 99% urchins. Meeting Adjourned : 9:15 pm

5 | The Aqua Tooter September, 2019

Tech Tidbits… Episode 5 generators for a wartime application. In one of those episodes of serendipity, Gagnon’s boss, Henri Melchior, who owned Air Flotation: Regulators Liquide, introduced Gagnon to Melchior’s son-in-law, Cous- by Arnie Warshawsky (photos provided by Arnie) teau. The two began a collaboration and the next year, Cous- teau and Gagnon patented the first modern demand regulator [ Editor’s note: Arnie has offered to write a series of articles on intended for underwater use. Originally called the his experience with . Dennis has trained a num- “scaphandre autonome,” Cousteau soon rechristened it the ber of club members and others for this, and has opened up Aqua-Lung. Air Liquide built three of them and Cousteau some wonderful experiences that combine both technical and along with his dive buddies Dumas and Taillez used them to during his trips abroad. film Epaves , which becomes the first underwater film shot Arnie is part of the Aqua Tutus contingent that now lives in using SCUBA. Hawaii. Enjoy his perspective on this! ] In July 1943 Commeinhes dived to 53 meters using his G.C.- 42 regulator (George Commeinhes 1942 version), which was We covered a lot of ground in the first four columns. Perhaps I should have started with this month’s topic, nevertheless, in this month’s article I will discuss some history, operation, and technical diving aspects related to regulators. Let’s begin with

the history. We all know that Jaques Cousteau and Émile Gagnon invented the first SCUBA regulator. Great story, but it is not actually true. Early history: The late 1790s and early 1800s saw much activ- ity in diving—mostly for salvage—using various arrangements of diving bells and surface supplied air. got a formal boost in 1843 when the British Royal Navy established Figure 1 Left: G.C.-42 Amphibie single-stage regulator developed the first diving school. In 1860, a French mining by George Commeinhes. Photo: https://blutimescubahistory.com/? engineer, Benoît Rouquayrol, invented a self-contained q=en/parliamo-di/history-and-early-developments-single-hose- apparatus using a backpacked air tank that deli- regulator . Right: CG-45 single-stage regulator developed by vered air via a demand valve. It was intended for use in mines Cousteau and Gagnon. Photo: http://www.aqualung.com/ca/ filled with poisonous air. He calls his invention “regulateur .” aqualung75 . Four years later, Rouquayrol teamed up with French Navy Lieutenant Auguste Denayrouze to extend his demand regula- an improved version of his original design. (The ongoing tor concept to underwater environments. World War stopped further development of the G.C.-42 when Commeinhes dies during the liberation of Strasbourg.) Later They used surface supplied air and had a low that year, not knowing about Commeinhes’s dive, Cousteau cylinder serving as a . In the quest for a self- reaches 62 meters on the Cousteau-Gagnon device. Figure 1 contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA), shows both devices. In 1946, Air Liquide forms La Spirotech- had an advantage because they didn’t need a nique to manufacture and sell Cousteau-Gagnon regulators high pressure cylinder to store the . The first under the model name CG45 (Cousteau Gagnon 1945 ver- practical , a regenerating, self-contained sion). breathing apparatus—was developed in 1878 by Englishman, H. A. Fluess. It used a small cylinder of compressed oxygen Clearly, SCUBA owes a significant debt to France. (30 ata) and a rope yarn soaked in caustic potash as the Twin-hose, single-stage regulator: A single-stage regulator absorbent. [See note 1.] reduces the high pressure gas supply to ambient (breathable) It was not until the late 19 th century that industry began to be in one step. It can use either an upstream valve or a down- able to make high-pressure cylinders. The availability of high- stream valve. Figure 2 is a diagram showing both. In practice, pressure cylinders prompted several inventors to design open mostly upstream versions are used. [See note 2.] While a sin- -circuit compressed air breathing sets, but there was not a gle-stage regulator can be used at very high supply pres- demand regulator in the bunch. Rouquayrol’s demand regula- tor did not return to SCUBA until 1937 when another

Frenchman, Georges Commeinhes, adapted his father’s in- vention (essentially a variant of Rouquayrol’s invention) to diving. In effect, Commeinhes repeated what Rouquayrol and Denayrouze did almost 50 years earlier. The adaptation was a dual-cylinder, open-circuit apparatus with a demand regulator. The regulator was a large rectangular box that sat between the cylinders.

In 1942, Jaques-Yves Cousteau was looking for an efficient demand regulator to use underwater because he could not tolerate breathing 100% oxygen used with rebreathers very well thus limiting the time he could spend underwater filming and he didn’t like being tethered to a surface air supply line if he didn’t use a rebreather. This generated the desire for a

device that could deliver air but be free of the tether. In the Figure 2. Diagram of single-stage gas regulator showing differ- meantime, Émile Gagnon, an engineer working at Air Liquide, ence between downstream and upstream valves. was adapting the Rouquayrol-Denayrouze apparatus for gas ( Continued on page 7 ) 6 | The Aqua Tooter September, 2019

Tech Tidbits (cont.) 1976, by Australian Divers Spiro Pty Ltd. Cross’ design was sures—Cousteau used a Mistral at 5,000 psi—the greater the marketed by his company under the name “Sport Diver.” Cross supply pressure, the greater the . According sold about 1,000 units selling them only for about three years. to Vintage Double Hose Worldwide, LLC (a firm that caters to Interestingly, for personal reasons, neither Cross nor Eldred divers who use double-hose regulators) double-hose regula- patented their designs, which allowed many companies to make tors really come into their own at supply less than and sell them more cheaply than if they had to pay licensing fees. 2,500 psi. See History and Early Developments of the Single Hose Single-stage regulators are hard to breathe, easy to free flow, Regulator for more information. [Note 5.] and nearly impossible to share air with a buddy. Special tech- The earliest designs for two-stage regulators did not have HP niques must be learned to clear water from the hoses if the ports or more than one LP port. There was no need for them yet. unit falls out of your mouth. But they work and truly made SPGs and BCDs had not yet been invented and the concept of a possible our hobby of . With time, the original de- safe second had not yet been imagined. Cross’ design included a sign was refined, became safer and more diver friendly but, constant pressure reserve (J valve) built into the first stage by the late 1960s, they were overtaken by single-hose regu- housing. As one might expect, there were some odd beasts in the lators. La Spirotechnique’s single-stage regulator evolution regulator zoo; regulator designs that did not survive market culminated with the very popular Mistral and Aquamaster . Just to mention a few, Healthways sold a tiny first stage models. (Dennis reports that his first regulator was a US Di- that screwed into a special-purpose valve. Like the Sport Diver, vers Royal Aqua Master; he still has it.) Catering to the vin- other manufacturers included constant pressure reserve tage diver crowd but including modern features like ports for mechanisms built into the first stage. There was a sonic regulator an SPG, a safe second and BCD inflator hose, there are up- similar to the sonic valve that made a distinctive sound when the grade kits to convert many original twin-hose single-stage supply pressure reached a threshold. regulators to a modern two-stage regulator but retain the his- toric look by keeping the upgrades inside the original housing. Two-stage regulator operation: Physically, modern two-stage reg- For those truly interested in the look, there are contemporary ulators are a pair of gas regulators working together connected by two-hose regulators that are actually two-stage regulators a single hose: A constant-output regulator to reduce a constantly- inside ( e.g. , the Kraken and the Aqua Lung Mistral 2). dropping cylinder pressure to a fixed intermediate pressure (IP), usually somewhere between 120 to 160 psi above ambient, de- The double-hose is not for the look. It is a critical part of the pending on the manufacturer. Gas at the IP is delivered through a design, as noted by E. R. Cross in his “Cross Currents” col- small diameter hose to a demand valve, the second regulator. umn in Skin Diver magazine: “the patented part of the double hose regulator was the idea of bringing the exhaled air back The demand valve, in turn, drops the gas pressure from the IP to to the demand regulator. This reduces or nearly eliminates a little above the . This concept is important. the pressure differential between inhaled and exhaled air, Because the first stage provides a constant output pressure even which is necessary to reduce breathing resistance.” [See note as the cylinder pressure drops, demand valves don’t have to han- 3.] Single-hose regulators do this by putting both inhaled and dle a large pressure range. (Single-stage regulators have to han- exhaled air points inside the same housing, doing away with dle a gas pressure range from 0-4,000 psi.) This means that the the need for the return hose. demand valve can use weaker springs and larger orifices than single-stage regulator’s require, and thus, are significantly easier Single-hose, two-stage regulator: The first single-hose, two- to breathe. stage regulator, the forerunner of today’s regulators, appears to have been invented independently in 1951 by E.R. Cross The first stage mechanism controls a valve that admits gas from (see note 4) in the US and Ted Eldred in Australia; Eldred’s the cylinder into a chamber until the chamber pressure reaches being the most commonly known. Eldred called his invention the predetermined IP at which point the valve closes and no more gas from the cylinder is admitted. Diver inhalation opens a valve in the second stage letting gas flow from the first stage intermedi- ate pressure chamber into the second stage until the ambient pressure is reached. When stops inhaling or while exhal- ing, the second stage valve closes, stopping the flow of gas from the first stage. This cycle is repeated with every breath. First stages use one of two ways to control gas movement from the cylinder to the first-stage gas chamber: a piston or diaphragm mechanism. Piston first stages use a hollow metal piston and a spring to operate the HP valve. The main advantages of the pis- ton type are simplicity, fewer parts, and potential for very high gas flow. Diaphragm first stages use a thick rubber diaphragm with a Figure 3. Left: Sport Diver single-hose regulator developed by E. spring plus additional parts; it is a more complex design with more R. Cross; roughly 1,000 were sold. Right: single -hose moving parts than a piston type. Main advantages of the dia- phragm types are better cold water reliability and easier mainte- the “Porpoise.” (See figure 3.) He started selling them in nance (since seawater and dirt are sealed out). Diaphragm regu- 1952; Eldred made about 12,000 of them. In 1960, concerned lators generally cost more than piston regulators. about the competition the new-fangled single-hose regs were Both types can be either balanced or unbalanced. Without going giving its twin-hose designs, Air Liquide bought out Eldred’s into the details of how balancing is achieved, a balanced first company (Breathing Appliances Pty Ltd) allegedly under stage supplies gas to the second stage at a nearly constant IP no threat of flooding the Australian market with cheap dual-hose matter what is the cylinder pressure. So breathing effort similarly regs. The Porpoise continued to be marketed, until about ( Continued on page 8 ) 7 | The Aqua Tooter September, 2019

Tech Tidbits (cont.) the octopus, as much as 42 inches. Stowing hose is not an remains constant. This is preferred. With an unbalanced first issue. Technical divers tend to breathe from a “long hose” and stage, as the cylinder pressure nears the IP breathing effort donate that one during an out-of-air emergency. The second increases noticeably. This may be an uninteresting distinction, stage on the short hose is often worn beneath the chin on a because once the cylinder pressure has dropped to the IP, it is bungee around the neck and used whenever the long hose is close to empty; some view that as an asset because the harder donated (or shut down). Long-hose length is influenced by ex- breathing effort is a physical sign that the cylinder in nearly perience drawn from . Cave divers often have to empty. Generally speaking, balanced first stage regulators cost negotiate very tight quarters. Sometimes, to continue moving more than unbalanced ones. forward, a cave diver has to remove the rig, push it through a constriction, then wriggle through behind it. This would not be Second stages generally fall into one of three design types: possible if the LP hose was only 30-in long. Cave divers settled What I’ll call standard regulators using either a downstream or on a 9-ft hose as being the appropriate length. Moreover, in an upstream valve design, and pilot (also call servo-assisted) air sharing situation with divers in single file, 9-ft is a good valves. Second stages are also found as balanced or unbal- length, though some opt for a slightly-shorter 7-ft hose. Wreck anced. Like the first stage, a typical second stage is controlled divers have been known to encounter similar situations as they by a valve and a spring. When a diver inhales, the inhalation work their way through jumbled equipment and cargo. Manag- pulls a diaphragm inward, thereby opening a valve against ing a long hose when it isn’t needed, yet still be able to quickly spring tension and admitting air into the housing. Balancing a and easily deploy it without creating a snagging is a second stage is usually accomplished by routing IP gas to the challenge. Stowing the extra length usually is handled either by backside of the valve to help counteract the of the spring. bundling the hose with an elastic band and attaching it to the This lowers the effort to open the valve, making the reg breathe rig or by routing it across the body and around the neck. Proto- easier under heavier demand, such as at higher pressures at cols to deploy the long hose are practiced during your training. depth. In a pilot valve, the diaphragm opens a very small valve, (I use a 7-ft hose on my technical rig and a 5-ft hose on my which, in turn, opens a larger valve. Because the first valve recreational rig because I often have to share air with a student opened is very small, the diaphragm can also be very small or inexperienced diver. Being able to swim side-by-side instead resulting in a more compact regulator. Pilot valves can deliver of face-to-face is much easier.) gas as much as four time easier than non-pilot valves. Howe- ver, pilot valves are less tolerant of sand and dirt, are expen- Hose routing . Especially for doubles, it is very conven- sive, and are more difficult to service. (See note 6.) ient to route the long hose from the right-hand valve over your right shoulder and the short hose from the left-hand valve over Like was the case for the dual-hose regulator valve, second- your left shoulder. This hose routing is intuitive, clean, and un- stage valves are either upstream or downstream. Most regula- ambiguous. Otherwise, the hose from the left port must cross tors today use a downstream valve. With a downstream valve, behind your neck, over or under your right shoulder and then the moving part of the valve opens in the same direction as the up to hang near your mouth from a bungee creating the poten- flow of gas and is kept closed by a spring. If the first stage fails, tial to get the hoses entwined when donating one. Unfortunate- the intermediate pressure increases, usually by a lot. The ex- ly, with most second stages if you route the hose from the left cessive gas pressure from the first stage forces the down- post over your left shoulder to your mouth the reg will breathe stream valve open, the second stage free flows releasing the wet because geometry forces the second stage into an upside excessive pressure. Recreational divers are taught how to down orientation. Recall that most second stages have a top/ breathe from a free flowing regulator to be able to slowly and bottom orientation. The mouthpiece is positioned on the top safely return to the surface to end their dive. (Technical divers half of the second stage body. The LP hose attaches to the don’t have to do that, they simply shut that regulator down and body at the right side. A few second stages in the market, side breathe from the other one.) If it happens on a stage bottle with exhausts, are designed so that there is no top or bottom; they a single-outlet valve, it is a simple matter to turn the valve off, breathe the same regardless of orientation; e.g ., Poseidon, only opening it when you need to take a breath. With an up- Hollis 500SE regulators. Using such a second stage permits stream valve, the moving part works against the pressure and the desired LP hose routing over your left shoulder. Due to the opens in the opposite direction as the flow of gas. If the first increasing popularity of side-mount cylinders, a growing num- stage fails, the excessive gas pressure forces the upstream ber of second stages have a provision to attach the LP hose to valve to close, minimizing free flow thus preserving the gas re- either side of the body (including a reversal of the internal maining in the cylinder. However, without free flow to relieve mechanism) enabling left-hand routing; e.g., regulators. pressure build-up there is a danger of rupturing the LP hose. To manage this, regulators with upstream second stages ( e.g ., Implications for technical diving: I’m going to address the impli- Poseidon Cyklon and Odin second stages) incorporate an over cations in stages (pun intended). Diaphragm versus piston first pressure relief valve (OPV) in their design. (See note 7.) stages, balanced versus unbalanced first and second stages, and upstream versus downstream valves in the second stage. LP regulator hose configurations: A typical recreational rig has two LP regulator hoses: one to the primary second stage and Diaphragm versus piston first stages . It really depends one to the safe second (octopus). Both of those hoses come on where you do your diving. All things being equal, and, of from the single first stage and are routed over the diver’s right course, they never are, if you are diving in very cold water, dia- shoulder. A typical technical rig also has two LP regulator hos- phragm types are preferred because they are less likely to es, but here each hose comes from a different first stage. Both freeze up, mostly because diaphragm types do not let cold wa- hoses can be routed over the right shoulder, or they can be ter inside the first stage. If you are diving in contaminated envi- mirrored. ronments, diaphragm first stages again are preferred because they are sealed thus are easier to clean after use in contami- Hose length . In a recreational rig, the LP hose to the primary second stage is about 30-inches long, a little longer to ( Continued on page 9 ) 8 | The Aqua Tooter September, 2019

Tech Tidbits (cont.) equal, I prefer balanced diaphragm first stages and balanced nated waters. If you are planning to dive to extreme depths, second stages. For stage bottles, I’m comfortable using an un- piston types may be preferable because they inherently allow balanced piston first stage (cheaper) with an unbalanced sec- higher gas flow, which becomes increasingly important at ond stage (also cheaper). The regulators on stage bottles are greater depths. Of course a diaphragm first stage can be de- neither used at extended depths nor in cold water. signed to deliver high gas volumes thus eliminating that piston advantage. For my technical diving, my back gas regs are Poseidon regula- tors. Poseidon designed their line of regulators with technical Balanced versus unbalanced first stage. A constant diving in mind; they have a very good reputation and are known work of breathing effort is a good thing and balanced designs to deliver high gas volumes. My main sets are Poseidon 2962 provide that. Still, the increased breathing effort of an unbal- first stage (balanced diaphragm) with Poseidon Jetstream sec- anced regulator doesn’t really start to be noticed until cylinder ond stage (balanced, servo assist, upstream valve, omnidirec- pressure nears the regulator IP. Since technical diving practice tional, side exhaust). Because I could get a very good price, I maintains a large gas reserve, on most technical dives you recently purchased a pair of Apeks XTX-200 first stages (over- should not be getting close to emptying the cylinders by the balanced diaphragm) with Apeks XTX-200 second stages end of the dive so you are unlikely to experience much differ- (balanced, downstream valve, L/R convertible) regulators. I use ence between balanced or unbalanced designs. That being different regulators for stage bottles: Apeks XTX-50 (over- said, virtually all diaphragm first stages are balanced balanced diaphragm) with XTX-50 second stage (balanced, Balanced versus unbalanced second stage . A bal- downstream valve, L/R convertible)—definitely overkill for a anced second stage breathes easier, especially at depth, than deco bottle; several sets of Oceanic SP -4 first stage an unbalanced design. This is a useful feature for technical (unbalanced piston) with Oceanic Alpha 7 second stage divers, who often dive to significant depths. However, it is not (unbalanced, downstream valve); Oceanic SP -5 first stage so important for regulators on deco bottles, which are rarely (unbalanced piston) with Oceanic SlimLine second stage used deeper than 100 feet or so, unless you are diving to ex- (unbalanced, unidirectional, downstream valve); Oceanic O24 treme depths. Price can safely be your guide here. first stage (unbalanced piston) with Oceanic Alpha 7 second stage (unbalanced, downstream valve); and an Aqualung Titan Upstream versus downstream valve . Upstream valves first stage (balanced diaphragm) with an Aqualung ABS second reduce the intensity or eliminate the likelihood of free flows, an stage (unbalanced, unidirectional, downstream valve). important design consideration for technical diving. Not so much for recreational diving where failing in free-flow mode is Next month: Gauges and Computers preferable. Poseidon, which for years was the gold standard technical , uses both. The Cyklon second stage, introduced in1958 and still in production, uses a downstream ENDNOTES valve to “ensure air will flow, no matter what.” The Jetstream second stage, introduced in 1981 focused on technical divers, 1. Dan Quick, A History of Closed Circuit Oxygen Underwater Breathing Apparatus, Project 1/70, School of Underwater Medi- uses an upstream servo-assisted valve to allow “you to contin- cine, New South Wales, Australia, May 1970. ue to breathe normally in the unlikely event of abnormally high pressure air being delivered to the second stage.” Technical 2. See weblog: http://vintagedoublehose.blogspot.com/2015/02/ single-stage-double-hose-regulators.html , February 24, 2015. dives are performed using dual-outlet valves enabling the diver to shut down a malfunctioning regulator and switch to breathing 3. https://skin-diver.com/2018/08/21/venomous-shells-regulator- from the other. Since the upstream valve minimizes (or elimi- patents-sdm-collectors/ nates) free-flow, loss to the total gas supply is minimized. 4. ibid., in this column E.E. R.R. Cross also stated, “The Sport Diver was the first single hose regulator marketed. It was manufactured Closing thoughts. To get the best performance out of your reg- and distributed by Divers Supply in Wilmington, California, in the ulators, all you need to do is thoroughly rinse them after use early 1950s.” and service them when performance begins to decline. (I per- 5. Maurice Baldinucci, History and Early Developments of the Single sonally do not service my dive gear on a set schedule.) If your Hose Regulator, in https://blutimescubahistory.com/?q=en/ second stage starts to free flow a little, the most likely cause is parliamo-di/history-and-early-developments-single-hose- wear to the first stage (HP seat or spring)—check the first regulator . stage IP. I encourage you to learn how to service your regula- 6. Dennis K. Graver, Scuba Diving—4th Edition, Human Kinetics, tors, even if you never plan to service them yourself. [See note Champaign, Illinois, 2010, p. 85-6. 8.] When trying to decide what to buy, first examine what kind 7. Poseidon Jetstream (Odin) regulators use upstream valves. The of technical diving you plan to do. I look for regulators with a rationale is that a technical diver wants to avoid losing gas and is reputation for high reliability and high gas flow. most likely configured with dual-outlet valves. Poseidon originally DISCLAIMER: The following paragraphs describe my prefer- located the OPV inside a special LP hose but since 2008 the OPV is in the first stage and normal LP hoses are used. This ences in regulators. It should not be considered an endorse- leads to an important caution: Using a pre-2003 first stage with a ment of any product or manufacturer. You should decide what post-2008 second stage will not have an OPV anywhere in the makes the most sense for you. system, which puts the LP hose at risk of bursting during a first- stage failure. Regulators are the SCUBA equipment where I pay attention to brand reputation and model capability. Regulators, whether for 8. I should make you aware of an excellent reference, which I en- recreational diving or technical diving are critical life support courage you to add to your diving library: “Vance Harlow’s Scuba Regulator Maintenance and Repair,” Airspeed Press. It has easy systems. I buy the very best that I can for the main gas supply; to understand explanations of how various regulators operate. I’m less concerned about the regulators for the deco bottles— and as you will see below, I have a lot of them. All things being

9 | The Aqua Tooter September, 2019

Save The Date & Submit your entry ! See http://intloceanfilmfest.org/

Training & Growth Opportunities !! We're excited to begin a new season, with amazing films and more opportunities to entertain, educate and If interested in training classes (, DPR, DAN O2 empower audiences of all ages to fulfill our mission: Provider, Enriched Air, Deep Air, other specialty), please Saving our oceans … one film at a time! Contact Director of Training, Dennis Hocker at den- [email protected] The upcoming 17th Annual IOFF will take place on • For more information on training, contact Dennis Hocker March 12 - 15, 2020 at Cowell Theater at Fort Mason at (510)792-5606 [email protected] or Neil Benjamin Center for Arts & Culture, as well as other theaters with- at (510)673-0073 [email protected] . in the Bay Area (and beyond!). Upcoming Club members are always welcome & encouraged to attend any classes or dives. • The AOW class is finishing up in September. • There is potential interest in a skin diving class on See https://vimeopro.com/user21783508/ the North Coast. Contact Dennis if interested. every-nine-minutes Blue whales, the largest beings ever to • Rescue Diver class will be held after AOW class if grace our planet, can weigh up to there is interest. CPR and O2 provider required. 300,000 pounds ... the same amount of Cost to club members will be $150. See Dennis. plastic entering our oceans every nine minutes. The Mon- terey Bay Aquarium and Golden Gate National Recreation

Area created a life-size traveling art installation, a blue Upcoming Open Water Classes whale sculpted from recycled plastic. Their objective: to reduce plastic use, while celebrating this magnificent crea- Available from “Original Steele’s” Dive Shop ture’s existence. Directors: DJ O’Neil & Oliver Hamilton (USA) - 5 min

“Jim wants to train competent divers who will become a part of the local dive community” … YELP Bone Award — September meeting A 5-week class, Tu & Wed nights, 14 hours in a pool, 5 dives in Monterey… a class that trains you for diving in more- The highly-coveted Bone Award is meant in fun, but also challenging California coastline. Divers say if you can dive to be a dive-learning experience, to remind us of what here, you can dive anywhere in the world ! NOT to do. It is awarded by vote, based on the dive report discussions at the General meeting. Upcoming OW classes for Oct & Nov are: The winner this month was • Classroom: Oct 1 & 2 Matt Warren. Matt was in Maui • Pool: Oct 8 & 9 , 15 & 16, 22 & 23 and where he saw frog fish • Pool test: Oct 29; Written test: Oct 30 and eels. He decided to dive with just shorts and a t-shirt • Checkout Dives: Nov 3 & 10 and was underweighted for • Classroom: Nov 12 & 13 the dive. He carried some • Pool: Nov 19 & 20 , 26 & 27, Dec 3 & 4 rocks for a while until the divemaster noticed his predic- • Pool test: Dec 10; Written test: Dec 11 ament and went back to the boat to get more weights. • Checkout Dives: Dec 15 & 29 Matt described a comedy of errors as the divemaster

5987 Telegraph Ave, Oakland, CA 94609 helped him place the weights on his belt while underwa- 510-655-4344 ter.

10 | The Aqua Tooter September, 2019

New Dive Certifications Awarded !! A fall benefit to support the IOFF At the September 5 General Meeting, Rescue Diver Cer- Student Educational Programs tifications were awarded by Dive Instructors Jim Steele and Neil Benjamin to Clayton Downs and Devin Martinez- Shinn. They also awarded NAUI Training Assistant (TA) certi- fications to Mike Barrett, DL Popplewell, and David Chervin. Congratulations to all of you for your hard work and ac- complishment !

Saturday, November 2, 2019 The Bently Reserve 301 Battery Street San Francisco, CA 94111 For more information and tickets: http://intloceanfilmfest.org/benefit

Left to Right: David Chervin, Mike Barrett, DL Popplewell, Jim Conserving and restoring our oceans Steele, Neil Benjamin, Clayton Downs requires intergenerational environmental Leadership !!

Join us as we honor our 2019

Ocean Champion Dr. Oceanographer, National Geographic Explorer, and Founder of Mission Blue

and

Left to Right: Jim Steele, Neil Benjamin, Clayton Downs, Devin Recognize Swedish Eco-Activist Martinez-Shinn Ms. Greta Thunberg with the Next Generation Award

Early Notice of MEETING CHANGES:

The November, 2019 meeting will be held on Novem- PROGRAM

ber 14 (NOT November 7) due to room conflict. 5:30 PM - 7:00 PM The January, 2020 meeting is planned for January 9 Cocktail Reception and Photo Call (NOT January 2) due to the holiday conflict. 7:00 PM - 9:00 PM Vegan Dinner, Film Trailers, Live Auction and >>> SUPPORT AQUA TUTUS DIVING CLUB <<< Keynote Speaker, Ocean Champion Honoree Amazon donates 0.5% of the price of your eligible - Dr. Sylvia Earle zon Smile purchases to our dive club. Just sign up for the club at www.smile.amazon.com 9:00 PM - 10:30 PM

Music and Dancing with DJ Bryce Williams Future Club meeting dates

** Note changes for the Nov & Jan General Meetings ** You just shop and our merchants give up to 5% back to our club !! Shop online, buy groceries, or dine out to sup- General Meetings Board of Directors Meeting

port Aqua Tutus Diving Club … at no cost to you !! Just st rd sign up at www.escrip.com (typically 1 Thursday) (Typically 3 Thursday) (*not 1 st Thursday)

October 3 October 17

**November 14** November 21

NOTE: SaveMart is no longer on the eScrip list December … No meetings. Holiday Party , December 7 ** January 9 ** January 16 11 | The Aqua Tooter September, 2019

Interested in dive travel ? Excerpts from Sharks Stewards … let us know !! e- newsletter Folks in the club are planning some interesting dive (more at hps://mailchi.mp/sharkstewards/sharkdive? trips in the near future and need to hear from you if you e=d28274c9b6 ) might be interested.

Dennis is planning a dive trip to Bonaire in 2021 … a premiere Caribbean dive destination … easy diving, a

marine sanctuary since 1972, so great marine life, and many topside activities. Contact Dennis if you are inter- ested at [email protected] . See www.infobonaire.com/scuba-diving

(photos: Bonaire website) hps://sharkstewards.org/

We divers are deeply connected to the ocean and to each other, and the outpouring of sorrow and support for the victims of the MV Conception disaster demonstrate this. We join our community mourning the loss of the divers and crew of the Conception, a boat we have dived with since the 1980s. Our heartfelt condolences go to the fami- lies and friends who lost loved ones in this terrible acci- dent.

DIVE INDONESIA in 2020 !! Mako Sharks and Giant Guitarfish Receive May 8-18, 2020 Protection Under CITES II

Maumere-Komodo-Bima … and visit the Drag- ons of Komodo …

On board the Explorer Ventures Blue Manta : https://www.explorerventures.com/indonesia-liveaboard- diving/blue-manta-explorer-komodo-itinerary/

Package price $4,700 (based on payment by check) Good news for Makos and giant guitarfish! Thanks to the

• 10 nights twin share accommodations efforts of our team generating materials, comments and • 9 ½ days of diving letters, and the good work of our partners at the Shark • meals & snacks, park fees, Research Institute at the Coalition of the Parties (CoP18) • Port & Hotel taxes and transfers. in Geneva, these splendid fish have an increased oppor- tunity to survive. Mako sharks and giant guitarfish now Airfare to Maumere (MOP) or from Bima (BMU) is extra. join other charismatic and endangered sharks like ham- Space is limited to 12. Booking deposit $1,000. merheads and mobula rays under increased trade re- As always will be filled on an as-deposit-received basis. strictions. Species listed under Appendix II can be traded There will be an option to add some pre trip / post trip internationally but only if the trade does not cause detri- extra days of Land Based Diving. ment to them in the wild. For more information contact Dennis via email den- [email protected] or 510-RxSCUBA (797-2822 ).

12 | The Aqua Tooter September, 2019

Upcoming Club Events !! Aqua Tutus Officer Duties

.. See MEETUP or call POC for CURRENT information ..

• October 12 : Full Moon Club Dive at Breakwater; POC is DL Popplewell. Includes a tour of the PG Hyperbaric Chamber; see ad below and Helga Mahlmann. • November 9-11 : Veteran’s Day Weekend dives, to in- clude Pt Lobos. POC is Kat Smith. • December 7 : Club Holiday Party at La Cabana. 6:30- 11:00pm. Looking for folks to help; see ad in this newslet- In preparation for the elections at the November General ter. Meeting, we have published below the descriptions of • December 20—January 4 : 6th Annual Cozumel Holiday the duties for the Officers of the Aqua Tutus Board of Trip. Join us anytime during that period. Patti will arrange Directors. These are taken from our club governing doc- hotels; contact her for space. Cavern diving opportunities uments. may also be available (see Neil Benjamin). If you have been with the club for a little while, we hope that you will consider volunteering for one of these posi- Tour the PG Hyperbaric Chamber, Oct 12 tions. If you are new, you might consider volunteering as

At the May 2019 meeting, Carl Rand spoke about the Pacific Board Member At Large (BMAL) and get to know the Grove Hyperbaric Chamber. Helga club that way; those elections are held in the middle of has graciously arranged another tour the calendar year. These are great ways to get involved on the same day as the club “Full in the club and the diving community. Moon” night dive, Saturday, Oct 12. The ability to execute these duties have flexibility, of The tour is at 9:30m. Meet at the Pacific Grove Fire Station (600 Pine course, given that we all have other more-important Ave, Pacific Grove). You can park in commitment to our work and families. In some cases the the lot or the street. No cost. There is duties can be shared. Don’t be afraid to help!

a 20-person limit for the tour, so YOU NEED TO SIGN UP . Contact Helga at [email protected] OR at 510-635-2943 . So come, tour the chamber, dive in the afternoon to check Duties of Elected Board of Director Members out the divesite or just sightsee in Monterey, and then come to Be a current club member, attend membership and BOD meetings the night dive with DL. See MEETUP for details of the dive. President 1. Chair/lead Monthly General Membership meeting 2. Maintain and update ATDC Constitution and By-laws, as required 3. Process incoming mail and distribute pertinent information appropriately, or delegate to BOD member. 4. Chair/lead monthly BOD meeting when VP is unavailable

Vice President 1. Chair/lead monthly BOD meeting 2. Assume the duties of the President when necessary

Membership Coordinator 1. Greet visitors and new members at club meetings 2. Maintain & update ATDC membership roster 3. Collect membership dues, transfer dues monies to ATDC Treasurer 4. Obtain signed ATDC membership form/waivers from members

Secretary 1. Record minutes for membership and BOD meeting. 2. Provide meeting minutes to Newsletter editor for publish- ing in monthly Aqua Tooter 3. Process outgoing Club correspondence as required

Treasurer 1. Maintain financial records and transactions 2. Setup and maintain club bank accounts and other appro- priate financial instruments 3. Report club financial status at membership and BOD meetings. 4. Manage Club post office box, or delegate to BOD member

13 | The Aqua Tooter September, 2019

BIG ISLAND, HAWAII 2019 CLUB OFFICERS & CHAIRPERSONS KONA CONDO FOR RENT President Book now at this low price! Patti Shannon-Hocker ….………… [email protected]

June 29 - July 13, 2019 Vice-President Devin Martinez ………..……. [email protected] $500 per week + $14 tax One-time $50 registry Secretary fee covers one or all Gayle Hudson …………….……… [email protected] weeks. Weeks run Satur- day to Saturday. Treasurer Helga Mahlmann…………...………. [email protected] Contact Don Kel- sey 925-820-8362 Membership Coordinator [email protected] Kat Smith ………...……….…… [email protected]

Director of Training » Resort info can be found on The Kona Billfisher website . Dennis Hocker ………………...... …. [email protected]

Entertainment Coordinator Jenn Pechacek …….…..… [email protected] Internet Resources for the Bay Area Diver http://www.garlic.com/~triblet/swell/ Newsletter Editor Alan Throop ……………….…. .…. [email protected] Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary https://montereybay.noaa.gov/ Social Media Coordinator https://www.facebook.com/MBNMS Gayle Hudson……………… .…. [email protected]

Board Members at Large (BML) , July’19-July’20 Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute Angela Boultinghouse ………..……..…. [email protected] http://www.mbari.org/ https://www.facebook.com/ MBARInews?fref=ts Chuck Harlins …………………… …… [email protected]

“DL” Debra Popplewell … …………...… [email protected]

California Marine Sanctuary Foundation Webmaster http://californiamsf.org/index.html Kari Klaboe ………….……...…. [email protected]

Past President Pacific Grove Hyperbaric Chamber Kari Klaboe ……………...…. [email protected] https://www.facebook.com/PGHyperbaricChamber

http://californiamsf.org/pages/donate-pgh.html

SUBMISSIONS TO NEWSLETTER & WEBSITE NEEDED

Dive pictures, videos, reports, article, stories, envi- ronmental, and all things diving- and marine-related are needed for the website, the Tooter newsletter, YouTube, and social media sites. Visit our photo submissions page, send to the club contacts listed above, OR send to [email protected] .

NEWSLETTER PUBLICATION SCHEDULE

Submissions for the “Tooter”, both web- and emailed/pdf-newsletters, are due by the 20 th of each month. The Tooter is published by the end of the month. No publications in December.

14 | The Aqua Tooter September, 2019