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Serbest Zaman Macera Etkinliği Olarak Rekreasyonel Tüplü Daliş: Dalgiç Deneyimleri Ve Su Alti Ortamlari Yalin Aygün

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Serbest Zaman Macera Etkinliği Olarak Rekreasyonel Tüplü Daliş: Dalgiç Deneyimleri Ve Su Alti Ortamlari Yalin Aygün SERBEST ZAMAN MACERA ETKİNLİĞİ OLARAK REKREASYONEL TÜPLÜ DALIŞ: DALGIÇ DENEYİMLERİ VE SU ALTI ORTAMLARI YALIN AYGÜN BEDEN EĞİTİMİ VE SPOR ANABİLİM DALI Tez Danışmanı Prof. Dr. Cemal GÜNDOĞDU Doktora Tezi - 2020 T. C. İNÖNÜ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ SERBEST ZAMAN MACERA ETKİNLİĞİ OLARAK REKREASYONEL TÜPLÜ DALIŞ: DALGIÇ DENEYİMLERİ VE SU ALTI ORTAMLARI Yalın AYGÜN Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Anabilim Dalı Doktora Tezi Tez Danışmanı Prof. Dr. Cemal GÜNDOĞDU Bu araştırma, İnönü Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından TDK- 2019-1568 proje numarası ile desteklendi. MALATYA 2020 2 İÇİNDEKİLER ÖZET ............................................................................................................................... vi ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... vii SİMGELER VE KISALTMALAR DİZİNİ .................................................................. viii ŞEKİLLER DİZİNİ ......................................................................................................... ix TABLOLAR DİZİNİ ........................................................................................................ x 1. GİRİŞ ............................................................................................................................ 1 2. GENEL BİLGİLER ...................................................................................................... 5 2.1. İnsanlığın Suyla Birlikteliği ....................................................................................... 5 2.1.1. İnsanlığın Deniz ve Su Altı ile İlişkisini Anlatan Efsane, Öykü ve Mitolojiler ..... 6 2.2. Rekreasyon Olarak Tüplü Dalış ................................................................................. 7 2.2.1. Rekreasyonel Tüplü Dalışın Kısa Tarihi ................................................................ 7 2.2.2. Rekreasyonel Tüplü Dalış Türleri ......................................................................... 10 2.2.2.1. Akıntı Dalışı ....................................................................................................... 10 2.2.2.2. Batık Dalışı ........................................................................................................ 11 2.2.2.3. Buz Dalışı .......................................................................................................... 13 2.2.2.4. Derin Dalış ......................................................................................................... 13 2.2.2.5. Deneme Dalışı .................................................................................................... 14 2.2.2.6. Fauna ve Flora Dalışı ......................................................................................... 14 2.2.2.7. Gece Dalışı ......................................................................................................... 16 2.2.2.8. Mağara Dalışı ..................................................................................................... 17 2.2.2.9. Tatlı Su ve İrtifa Dalışı ...................................................................................... 17 2.2.2.10. Bu Araştırma ile Keşfedilen Yeni Bir Rekreasyonel Tüplü Dalış Türü: Gün Batımı Dalışı ................................................................................................................... 18 2.2.3. Rekreasyonel Tüplü Dalış Deneyimi .................................................................... 19 2.2.3.1. Hür İrade Kuramı ............................................................................................... 19 2.2.3.2. Su Altında Konfor .............................................................................................. 25 2.2.3.3. Su Altı Ortamını Keşfetmek: Beden ve Duyu Merkezi ..................................... 26 2.2.3.4. Hedonic ve Eudaimonic Yaklaşımlar ................................................................ 31 2.2.3.5. Genişletme ve İnşa Etme Teorisi: Olumlu Duygular ve Anlam ........................ 32 2.2.3.6. Akış Kuramı: Olumlu Duygular ve Katılım ...................................................... 33 2.2.3.7. PERMA: İnsan Gelişimi ve İyi Oluşunun Yapı Taşları .................................... 34 2.2.3. Rekreasyonel Tüplü Dalış Araştırmaları .............................................................. 36 2.3. Su Altı Kültürel Mirası ve Dalgıç Davranışları ....................................................... 38 2.3.1. Miras ..................................................................................................................... 38 2.3.1.1. Su Altı Kültürel Mirası ...................................................................................... 38 2.3.1.2. Kültürel Miras Turizmi ...................................................................................... 39 2.3.2. Dünyadaki Turistik Tüplü Dalış Bölgeleri ........................................................... 40 2.3.2.1. Afrika ................................................................................................................. 41 2.3.2.2. Asya ................................................................................................................... 43 2.3.2.3. Pasifik ................................................................................................................ 49 2.3.2.4. Karayipler .......................................................................................................... 54 2.3.2.5. Orta Amerika ..................................................................................................... 63 2.3.2.7. Hint Okyanusu ................................................................................................... 71 2.3.2.8. Orta Doğu ve Kızıl Deniz .................................................................................. 74 2.3.2.9. Kuzey Amerika .................................................................................................. 76 2.3.2.10. Güney Amerika ................................................................................................ 78 2.3.2.11. Türkiye ............................................................................................................. 81 2.3.3. Dalgıç Davranışları ............................................................................................... 83 2.3.3.1. Çevreye Karşı Sorumlu Davranış ...................................................................... 83 2.3.3.2. Rekreasyon Uzmanlığı Teorisi .......................................................................... 85 2.3.3.3. Ortak Havuz Kaynağı ........................................................................................ 86 2.3.3.4. Kurallara Gönüllü Uyumluluk ........................................................................... 87 3. MATERYAL VE METOT ......................................................................................... 89 3.1. Verilerin Toplanması ............................................................................................... 89 3.1.1. Ses Kayıt Görüşmesi ............................................................................................. 90 3.1.2. Gözlem ve Görsel Materyaller .............................................................................. 90 3.1.3. Doküman İncelemesi ............................................................................................ 91 3.1.4. Analitik Not .......................................................................................................... 91 3.2. Araştırma Grubu ...................................................................................................... 91 3.3. Analizler ................................................................................................................... 93 3.3.1. Birinci Aşama: Veriye Aşina Olma ...................................................................... 94 3.3.2. İkinci Aşama: İlk Kodların Üretilmesi ................................................................. 94 3.3.3. Üçüncü Aşama: Temaların Aranması ................................................................... 94 3.3.4. Dördüncü Aşama: Temaların Gözden Geçirilmesi ............................................... 95 3.3.5. Beşinci Aşama: Temaların Tanımlanması ve Adlandırılması .............................. 95 3.3.6. Altıncı Aşama: Raporun Hazırlanması ................................................................. 95 4. BULGULAR ............................................................................................................... 97 4.1. Rekreasyonel Tüplü Dalış Türlerine Yönelik Dalgıç Deneyimleri ......................... 97 4.1.1. Su Altı Ortamının Fiziksel Özellikleri .................................................................. 99 4.1.1.1. Işık ve Su ........................................................................................................... 99 4.1.1.2. Ses ve Su .......................................................................................................... 106 4.1.1.3. Isı, Sıcaklık ve Su ............................................................................................ 107 4.1.1.4. Denge ve Su: Yüzerlik ..................................................................................... 110 4.1.1.5. Basınç ve Su ..................................................................................................... 111 4.1.2. Su Altı Yaşamı ...................................................................................................
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