Grassroots Organizations and Local Development in Bolivia Astudy of the Municipalities of Tiahuanacu, Mizque, Villa Serrano, and Charagua
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Local Level Institutions Working Paper No. 4 Public Disclosure Authorized GRASSROOTS ORGANIZATIONS Public Disclosure Authorized AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT IN BOLIVIA A STUDY OF THE MUNICIPALITIES OF TIAHUANACU, MIZQUE, VILLA SERRANO, AND CHARAGUA Public Disclosure Authorized Coordinator: Godofredo Sandóval Researchers: Julio Cordova Beatriz Ascarrunz Alfredo Balboa Griselda Gonzales Gloria Velasques The World Bank Social Development Family Environmentally and Socially Public Disclosure Authorized Sustainable Development Network October 1998 LOCAL LEVEL INSTITUTIONS WORKING PAPER SERIES #1 The Local Level Institutions Study: Overview and Program Description (also available in Spanish and French) #2 The Local Level Institutions Study: Program Description and Prototype Questionnaires #3 Estudio Sobre Las Instituciones Locales En Bolivia: Panorama General Y Descripcion, Muestreo Y Recoleccion De Datos, Y Encuestas (by Godofredo Sandóval, Julio Cordova, Beatriz Ascarrunz, Alfredo Balboa, Griselda Gonzales, and Gloria Velasques) (only available in Spanish) #4 Grassroots Organizations and Local Development in Bolivia: A Study of the Municipalities of Tiahuanacu, Mizque, Villa Serrano, and Charagua (by Godofredo Sandóval, Julio Cordova, Beatriz Ascarrunz, Alfredo Balboa, Griselda Gonzales, and Gloria Velasques) (also available in Spanish) #5 Local Institutions and Service Delivery in Indonesia (by Christiaan Grootaert) #6 Social Capital, Household Welfare and Poverty in Indonesia (by Christiaan Grootaert) #7 Social Capital and Development Outcomes in Burkina Faso (by Christiaan Grootaert, Gi-Taik Oh, and Anand Swamy) #8 Local Institutions and Service Delivery in Burkina Faso (by Anand Swamy, Christiaan Grootaert, and Gi-Taik Oh) #9 Local Institutions, Poverty and Household Welfare in Bolivia (by Christiaan Grootaert and Deepa Narayan) Working papers can be viewed at http://www.worldbank.org/socialdevelopment, or obtained from: The World Bank Social Development Department Social Capital Working Paper Series Attention Ms. Gracie M. Ochieng 1818 H Street, NW, Room MC 5-410 Washington, DC 20433, USA Tel: (202) 473-1123 Fax: (202) 522-3247 Email: [email protected] or: Social Development Department The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW, Room MC 5-232 Washington, DC 20433, USA Fax: (202) 522-3247 Email: [email protected] Papers in the Local Level Institutions Working Paper Series are not formal publications of the World Bank. They are published informally and circulated to encourage discussion and comment within the development community. The findings, interpretations, judgements, and conclusions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and should not be attributed to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations, or to members of the Board of Executive Directors or the governments they represent. GRASSROOTS ORGANIZATIONS AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT IN BOLIVIA TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..................................................................................................................10 CHAPTER 1. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT OF LOCAL DEVELOPMENT IN BOLIVIA...................16 Demographic and Socio-Economic Situation in Bolivia...................................................16 Public Policies Aimed at Human Development.................................................................18 Grassroots Organizations and Local Development in Rural Bolivia Before Popular Participation..................................................................................19 Popular Participation..........................................................................................................22 Conclusions........................................................................................................................27 CHAPTER 2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STUDY AREAS....................................................................................................................30 General Data ......................................................................................................................30 Inventory of Grassroots Organizations ..............................................................................36 Inventory of Non-Governmental Organizations ................................................................38 Provision of Services .........................................................................................................39 Conclusions........................................................................................................................42 CHAPTER 3. THE ROLE OF GRASSROOTS ORGANIZATIONS IN LOCAL DEVELOPMENT .............................................................................................................47 Participation in Grassoots Organizations...........................................................................47 Participation According to Type of Grassroots Organizations ..........................................51 Characteristics of Grassroots Organizations......................................................................58 Evaluation of Grassroots Organizations ............................................................................65 Conclusions........................................................................................................................68 CHAPTER 4. GRASSROOTS ORGANIZATIONS INSTITUTIONAL ACTORS IN LOCAL DEVELOPMENT .............................................................................................................71 Regional Grassroots Leaders as Actors in Local Development.........................................71 Municipal Government in Local Development .................................................................80 Local Development and Non-Governmental Organizations..............................................89 Conclusions........................................................................................................................96 CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSIONS.........................................................................................................98 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................106 i ANNEXES Annex 1 Profiles of the Communities Involved in the Study ....................................112 Annex 2 Comparative Matrix of Communities .........................................................113 Annex 3 Profiles of Municipalities Involved in the Study.........................................151 Annex 4 Case Studies of Successful Projects............................................................152 Annex 5 Sampling and Data Collection.....................................................................162 TABLES Table 1 Communities Included in the Study...............................................................3 Table 2 Research Techniques Used................ ............................................................6 Table 3 General Data on the Four Municipalities.....................................................30 Table 4 Socio-Demographic Data on the Heads of Household Interviewed ............31 Table 5 Community Organizations, by Municipality................................................36 Table 6 Supra-Communal Organizations, by Municipality......................................37 Table 7 Non-Governmental Organizations, by Municipality....................................38 Table 8 Educational Infrastructure, by Municipality ................................................39 Table 9 Health Infrastructure, by Municipality.........................................................40 Table 10 Potable Water Systems, by Municipality.....................................................40 Table 11 Electrical Service Coverage, by Municipality .............................................41 Table 12 Irrigation Systems, by Municipality.............................................................41 Table 13 Credit Services, by Municipality .................................................................42 Table 14 Road Infrastructure, by Municipality...........................................................42 Table 15 Profiles of Household Heads, Participating and Non-Participating in Grassroots Organizations.............................................................................50 Table 16 Participation According to Type of Grassroots Organization......................51 Table 17 How Did You Become a Member of the Grassroots Organization .............61 Table 18 Do You Very Actively Participate in the Decisions of Grassroots Organizations? .............................................................................................63 Table 19 Homogeneity and Heterogeneity in Grassroots Organizations....................64 Table 20 Benefits Associated with Grassroots Organizations....................................66 Table 21 Factors Influencing Performance of Grassroots Organizations ...................70 Table 22 Factors in the Formation and Effectiveness of Regional Grassroots Leadership....................................................................................................73 Table 23 Regional Leadership of Grassroots Organizations.......................................73 Table 24 Factors in Comparison of Regional Leaderships, by Municipality..............80