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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 112 451 CS 501 128 AUTHOR Draper, Benjamin, Ed. TITLE Pacific Nations Broadcasting II; Proceedings of the Conference (23rd, San Francisco, April 1973). INSTITUTION San Francisco State Univ., Calif. PUB DATE 74 NOTE 272p.; Held at the Broadcast Industry Conference, San Francisco State University (23rd, San Francisco, April 1973) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.76 HC-$13.32 Plus Postage DESCRIPTORS *Broadcast Industry; *Communication (Thought Transfer); *Communications; *Communication Satellites; Conference Reports; Cultural Interrelationships; Foreign Relations; Higher Education; *Mass Media; Radio; Television IDENTIFIERS *Broadcast Industry Conference ABSTRACT Having as its goal the further development of understanding through the communications media, this document examines the utilization of broadcast media from both technological and sociological vantages. The papers contained herein were presented at the twenty-third annual Broadcast Industry Conference held at California State University in San Francisco in 1973. Divided into four parts, the contents include "International Satellite Problems," which summarizes the extent to which satellites are used around the world, the role of satellites in specific countries (Korea, China, Canada, and India), and the problems satellites are creating; "International Broadcasting Problems," which discusses the implications of broadcasting on the educational, social, and political elements of various countries; "American Broadcasting Problems," which explores the nature of American television and the philosophy behind it, while also commenting on the changing patterns of television; and "Broadcast Facilities of Pacific Nations," which contains a run down of the broadcast capabilities of nations in the Western Hemisphere. (RB) *********************************************************************** Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not * responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions * * supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. *************4********************************************************* U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EOUCATIDN L VIFLFARE NATIONAL. INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN ATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRE SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY A 41'1 AZ t 2011M 11 Benjamin Draper Editor Broadcast Industry Conference San Francisco State University 1 974 12 INTRODUCTION In 1946 the Radio Department of San Francisco StateCollege convened a meeting of students, faculty, and professional broadcasters at afunction known simply as "the banquet." This gathering became an annual affair and has since grownto the Broadcast Industry Conference. An enlarged and effective meeting ofacademic and professional men and women from all over the United States, it was expandedin 1950 to include television. The Department in due time became known as BroadcastCommunication Arts. A year ago, the institution became California State University, SanFrancisco. The City of San Francisco, a principal U.S.gateway to the Pacific, has had a cosmopolitan character not found in any other Americanmetropolis. As a parallel, educational institutions located here reflect that samecomposition and, in turn, attract foreign students who wish to study in America. Over itshistory of nearly seventy-five years, the University has graduated literally thousands ofstudents from Asian and other Pacific countries. These young incipient world citizens havereturned to their home countries to become leaders in many fields. During their stay on our campus,they were given some insight in international problems and potentialsolutions. Hopefully, they have used their education creatively and constructively in their maturing yearsand have made gains from an international viewpoint as well. The growth of foreign student population atSan Francisco State has nowhere been more significant than in thefield of broadcasting. The Broadcast CommunicationArts Department of the University has long held academicleadership in the United States. It has a full-time faculty and staffwhich is among the largest in the country.There is a student population of five hundred undergraduates and onehundred graduate students. A significant and growing number of these and a heartening proportion(more than ten per cent) are from foreign countries. The Department hasincreasingly made its influence felt in commercial, governmental, and educational radio and televisionin the Pacific Basin through a steady flow of students returning to their homelands withMaster's degrees. For these and a wide variety of collateral reasons,the attention of the Broadcast Industry Conference was directed in April 1972 tointernational spheres. Well aware that there already existed an international conference onthe East Coast, San Francisco State expanded its efforts in a principal area of this part ofthe world, the wide Pacific, where the University has long felt a special responsibility. Thetheme of the 1972 Broadcast Industry Conference was designated Broadcasting inPacific Nations. Pacific Nations Broadcasting H includedmember nations of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, the Western Pacific HighCommission, the Asian Broadcasting Union,the Colombo Nations Plan, The South PacificCommission, and the South and SoutheastAsia Telecommunications Network regardless of anypolitical affiliation or recognition. The extended Universityas a non-political,academic institution in pursuit of knowledge welcomes also to North Vietnam, NorthKorea and the People's Republic ofChina. Overtures were made to the U.S.S.R. andMainland China with the sincere hope thatthey will one day be represented at theConference. Changing international relationshipsindicate that participation of all countries in thePacific may soon be possible. The mingling of American students withprofessional radio and television personnel, both foreign and American, and theresultant exchange of ideas was a hearteningrealization of a principle goal of the Conference. While Pacific Nations Broadcasting I undertook the exploration of the role of the communications media in the international community promotingan exchange of ideas, Pacific Nations Broadcasting II examines the utilization of broadcast media from both technological and sociological vantages, having as its goal the further development of understanding through the communications media. Benjamin Draper Conference Chairman, and Professor of Broadcast Communication Arts San Francisco October, 1973 4 PREFACE Sometime prior to this year's international conference on broadcasting, the member states of the United Nations took an unusually united stand on the matter of internationally broadcast programs. In the spirit of autonomy and sovereignty the members overwhelmingly voted to prohibit international satellite broadcasting when such broadcasting is deemed unacceptable by the recipient state's government. In contrast however, international cooperation and exchange in many matters of broadcast communications is actively sought by most, if not all, nations. It was in this latter spirit, this recognition of both international responsibility and benefit, that the annual Pacific Nation Broadcasting Conferences were instituted. After nearly a quarter century of broadcast industry conferences, San Francisco State University's. Department of Broadcast Communication Arts restructured the conferences in 1971 to focus on communications in the Pacific Basin. Subsequently, the first Pacific Nations Broadcasting Symposium was held April 20-22, 1972, drawing representatives from Australia, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines and the Republic of China (Taiwan), as well as from broadcasting interests across the United States. In April, 1973, the second Pacific Nations Broadcasting Conference again invited representatives from virtually every nation in and around the Pacific Basin. The reponse was both gratifying and troubling. Gratifying because of the acceptance by distinguished broadcasters and educators from North America, South America, Asia, Australia, Micronesia and other Pacific islands; and troubling because the representatives of a few nations found it necessary to decline for international political resasons, also the representatives of a number of nations simply could not afford to attend although they wished to do so. This latter circumstance dramatically emphasized the observation by Sir Charles Moses at this year's conference banquet, that numerous broadcasting organizations in the Pacific Basin can ill afford the international exchange and discussion they deeply desire and definitely need to develop their communications media. To balance such predicaments on the international level and on the domestic level, this year's Pacific Nations conference drew a strong response from universities, colleges and junior colleges in the United States. Faculty and students attended from Florida, Missouri, Colorado and throughout California. It is certainly hoped that students of broadcasting interested in, and representing diverse