PROJECT: - RIVER BED SAND MINE APPLICANT: - RAMESH MORANI
BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Biodiversity study of the project area of River bed mining in Banas River was carried out to understand the status of predominant floral and faunal groups i.e. trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses, herpetofauna, avifauna and mammals. To collect data and information on specific components of the ecological system and pertinent issues widely used standard scientific methods were adopted. The objectives of the present study were as follows:- To identify the floral and faunal diversity; To assess nature and distribution of the vegetation in the area; To assess the frequency, density, abundance, Importance Value Index (IVI) and Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index of floral components; To identify the endangered & threatened species of flora and fauna, if any To assess the impact of operation phase of the project on the existing ecosystem. METHODOLOGY Extensive literature review was carried out to indentify the representative spectrum of threatened species, population and ecological communities listed by IUCN, WCMC, ZSI, BSI and Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. Biodiversity study of the proposed project areas of River bed mining in Banas River was carried out to understand the status of predominant floral and faunal groups i.e. trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses, herpetofauna, avifauna and mammals. CORE ZONE Vegetation Survey Tree species commonly seen in the core zone of the study area were Prosopis juliflora (Vilayati Babool), Acacia nilotica (Babool) , Prosopis cineraria (Khejari) , Phoenix sylvestris (Khajoor), and Azadirachta indica (Neem). List of the plants recorded from the core zone (Khandar Mining lease coming in the Banas river starch) is given below:- Table: Plants recorded in the core zone (lease area of Khandar Mining lease ) S. No. Vernacular Name Scientific name Family Trees 1. Babool Acacia nilotica Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) 2. Ber Ziziphus mauritiana Rhamnaceae 3. Kankera Maytenus emarginata Celastraceae 4. Khajoor Phoenix sylvestris Arecaceae (Palmae) 5. Neem Azadirachta indica Meliaceae 6. Vilayati Babool Prosopis juliflora Fabaceae
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PROJECT: - RIVER BED SAND MINE APPLICANT: - RAMESH MORANI
Shrubs 1 Aak Calotropis Procera Asclepiadaceae 2 Kair Capparis decidua Capparaceae 3 Behaya Ipomoea carnea Convolvulaceae 4 Raimuniya Lantana camara Verbenaceae Herbs 1 Bui Aerva tomentosa Amaranthaceae 2 Pili Kantili Argemone mexicana Papaveraceae 3 Jangli chaulai Amaranthus spinosus Amaranthaceae 4 Latjira Achyranthes aspera Amaranthaceae 5 Punarnava Boerhavia diffusa Nyctaginaceae 6 chitraa Citrullus colocynthis Cucurbitaceae 7 Kankus Commelina forskalei Commelinaceae 8 Ban Tulsi Croton bonplandianum Euphorbiaceae 9 Dhatura Datura metel Solanaceae 10 Motha Cyperus rotundus Cyperaceae 11 Unthkanta Echinops echinatus Asteraceae 12 Sarphonk Tephrosia purpurea Fabaceae (Papilionaceae) 13 Badi Dudhi Euphorbia hirta Euphorbiaceae 14 Gajar Ghas Parthenium hysterophorus Asteraceae (Compositae) 15 Bada gokhru Pedalium murex Pedaliacae Grass 1 Doob ghas Cynodon dactylon Poaceae (Gramineae) 2 Sheda Grass Dichanthium annulatum Poaceae (Gramineae) 3 Makra Dactyloctenium aegyptium Poaceae (Gramineae) 4 Small stink grass Eragrostis minor Poaceae (Gramineae)
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PROJECT: - RIVER BED SAND MINE APPLICANT: - RAMESH MORANI
CORE ZONE - FAUNA A. Avifauna A total of 9 species belonging to 8 families were obseved in the core zone (Khandar Mining lease river bed site) of the study area during the field survey. The dominant species were Red-wattled lapwing, and Cattle egret. Table 3.17: List of Avifauna observed in the core zone (Khandar river bed lease) of study area S. Common Name Scientific Name Family Status Number of Total no. of Habitat/ Observation during survey No. (IWPA 1972) individuals Sightings observed 1. Bank Myna Acridotheres Sturnidae Schedule IV 5-6 2 Near Dhabas, hotels, They make use of ginginianus food scrap disposed by humans, even following catering vehicles. 2. Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus Dicruridae Schedule IV 7 2 Common in open agricultural areas and light forest, perching conspicuously on a bare perch or along power or telephone lines. Survey: Ploughed fields, Burning grasslands, On wires of open fields 3. Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Ardeidae Schedule IV 10-12 3 Grasslands, Pastures, farmlands, wetlands and rice paddies. They often accompany cattle or other large mammals for catching insects. Survey: Open fields, in around the group of cattle’s
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PROJECT: - RIVER BED SAND MINE APPLICANT: - RAMESH MORANI
4. Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto Columbidae Schedule IV 5-10 3 Found around farms where spilt grain is frequent around grain stores or where livestock are fed. 5. Green bee-eater Merops orientalis Meropidae No mention 8 2 Grassland, thin scrub and forest often quite far from water. Survey: perch near open fields, along roadsides. 6. House crow Corvus splendens Corvidae Schedule V 11 2 Associated with human settlements throughout its range, from small villages to cities. 7. Red-vented bulbul Pycnonotus cafer Pycnonotidae Schedule IV 2-3 2 Dry scrub, open forest, plains and cultivated lands. Survey: Sightings on Prosopis and Acacia trees. 8. Red-wattled lapwing Vanellus indicus Charadriidae No mention 9 2 Well-watered open field, ploughed fields, grazing land, and margins and dry beds of tanks and puddles. Survey: Ploughed fields, grazing land 9. Rock Pigeon Columba livia Columbidae Schedule IV 10-25 3 Open and semi-open environments. Cliffs and rock ledges are used for roosting and breeding, Worship places, school buildings etc Survey: Near peaceful place, Worship places, school buildings etc.
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PROJECT: - RIVER BED SAND MINE APPLICANT: - RAMESH MORANI
B. Mammals A total of 04 species were observed in the core zone (proposed river bed site) during the field survey. i.e. five stripped palm squirrel (Funambulus pennantii) and common house rat (Rattus rattus). These species are very common in the study area and usually uses wide variety of the habitats. Table -: Mammalian species recorded in Core Zone ( Khandar River Bed Lease) S. No. Vernacular Name Scientific Name Family Category Schedule (IWPA IUCN 1972) Ver. 3.1 1 Five stripped palm squirrel Funambulus pennantii Sciuridae IV LR-lc 2 Common House rat Rattus rattus Muridae V LC 3 Indian Gerbil Tatera indica Muridae V LRlc 4 Black Rat Rattus rattus Muridae V LRlc
C. Amphibian No species of amphibian fauna was reported during the field survey in the core zone (Khandar river bed lease) of the study area.
D. Reptiles Two species was observed in the core zone (Khandar river bed lease) during the field survey. i.e Oriental Garden Lizard.( Calotes versicolor) and Common garden Skink ( Eutropis macularia ). Table -: Reptiles recorded in core zone ( Khandar river bed lease) S. Vernacular Name Scientific Name Family Category No. Status (IWPA) IUCN 1 Oriental Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor Agamidae - LC 2 Common garden skink Lampropholis guichenoti Scincidae - LRnt
BUFFER ZONE Vegetation Survey Trees: The lists of plants recorded in the buffer zone of the Khandar lease area are given below:-
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PROJECT: - RIVER BED SAND MINE APPLICANT: - RAMESH MORANI
Table -: List of tree species recorded in the Buffer Zone of the Khandar lease area S. No. Vernacular Name Scientific name Family Habitat 1. Ronjh Acacia leucopholea Fabaceae Forest/Agriculture 2. Babool Acacia nilotica Fabaceae Forest/Agriculture 3. Kumttha Acacia senegal Fabaceae Forest 4. Siris Albizia lebbeck Mimosaceae Forest/Agriculture/Sub Urban 5. Neem Azadirachta indica Meliaceae Agriculture/Sub Urban 6. Kachnar Bauhinia purpurea Leguminosae Agriculture/Sub Urban 7. Dhak Butea monosperma Fabaceae Forest/Agriculture 8. Amaltash Cassia fistula Caesalpiniaceae Forest/Agriculture/Sub Urban 9. lasoda Cordia dichotoma Boraginaceae Agriculture/Sub Urban 10. Shesham Dalbergia sissoo Fabaceae Agriculture/Sub Urban 11. Gulmohar Delonix regia Caesalpiniaceae Agriculture/Sub Urban 12. Kunali/khairi Dichrostachys cinerea Mimosaceae Forest 13. Pangri,dadak Erythrina indica Fabaceae Forest/Agriculture 14. Safeda Eucalyptus globolus Myrtaceae Agriculture/Sub Urban 15. Bargad Ficus benghalensis Moraceae Agriculture/Sub Urban 16. Pipal Ficus religiosa Moraceae Agriculture/Sub Urban 17. Subabul Leucaena Fabaceae Forest/Agriculture leucocephala 18. Kankera Maytenus emarginata Celastraceae Forest/Agriculture 19. Shahtoot Morus alba Moraceae Forest/Agriculture 20. Khajoor Phoenix sylvestris Arecaceae (Palmae) Forest/Agriculture 21. Jangle Jalebi Pithecellobium dulce Fabaceae Forest/Agriculture 22. Karanj Pongamia pinnata Fabaceae Forest/Agriculture 23. Khejari Prosopis cineraria Mimosaceae Forest/Agriculture/Sub Urban 24. Jamun Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae Agriculture/Sub Urban 25. Imli Tamarindus indica Fabaceae Agriculture/Sub Urban 26. Rohida Tecomella undulata Bignoniaceae Forest/Agriculture 27. Sagon Tectona grandis Lamiaceae Forest 28. Indrajau/ Dudhi Wrightia tinctoria Apocynaceae Forest 29. Ber Ziziphus mauritiana Rhamnaceae Forest/Agriculture/Sub Urban List of shrub, herb and grass species recorded in the Buffer Zone of Khandar Lease area
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PROJECT: - RIVER BED SAND MINE APPLICANT: - RAMESH MORANI
S. No. Vernacular Scientific name Family Name 1. Aak Calotropis procera Asclepiadaceae 2. Aakra Calotropis gigantea Asclepiadaceae 3. Arandi Ricinus communis Euphorbiaceae 4. Behaya Ipomoea carnea Convolvulaceae 5. Champa Plumeria alba Apocynaceae 6. Dandathor Euphorbia caducifolia Euphorbiaceae 7. Dhatura Datura stramonium Solanaceae
8. Foog Calligonum polygonoides Polygonaceae 9. Jharberi Ziziphus nummularia Rhamnaceae 10. Kair Capparis decidua Capparaceae (Capparidaceae) 11. Kaner Nerium oleander Apocynaceae 12. Khimp Leptadenia pyrotechnica Asclepiadaceae 13. Nag phani Opuntia elatior Cactaceae 14. Raimuniya Lantana camara Verbenaceae 15. Vilayati babool Prosopis juliflora Mimosaceae Herbs 16. Bui Aerva tomentosa Amaranthaceae 17. Pili Kantili Argemone mexicana Papaveraceae 18. Kala bhangra Anisomeles indica Lamiaceae 19. Jangli chaulai Amaranthus spinosus Amaranthaceae 20. Latjira Achyranthes aspera subsp. argentea Amaranthaceae 21. Latjira Achyranthes aspera subsp. porphyristachya Amaranthaceae 22. Muktajhuri Acalypha indica Euphorbiaceae 23. Punarnava Boerhavia diffusa Nyctaginaceae 24. Purple-Leaf Borreria ocymoides Rubiaceae Button Weed 25. Survali Celosia argentea Amaranthaceae 26. chitraa Citrullus colocynthis Cucurbitaceae 27. Jakhiya, Safed Cleome gynandra Cleomaceae hulhul
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28. Kankus Commelina forskalei Commelinaceae 29. Ban Tulsi Croton bonplandianum Euphorbiaceae 30. kachari Cucumis melo ssp. agrestis Cucurbitaceae 31. Dhatura Datura metel Solanaceae 32. Latmahuria Digera muricata Amaranthaceae 33. Motha Cyperus rotundus Cyperaceae 34. Unthkanta Echinops echinatus Asteraceae 35. Oldman'S Cap Polycarpaea corymbosa Caryophyllaceae 36. Gulpankhi Polygala erioptera Polygalaceae 37. Laptuna Setaria verticillata Poaceae (Gramineae) 38. Baraira (bala) Sida acuta Malvaceae 39. Khareti Sida rhombifolia Malvaceae 40. Asiatic Striga asiatica Scrophulariaceae witchweed 41. Marigold Tagetes minuta Asteraceae 42. Yellow Bell Tecoma gaudichaudi Bignoniaceae 43. Sarphonk Tephrosia purpurea Fabaceae (Papilionaceae) 44. Sarapunkha Tephrosia villosa Fabaceae (Papilionaceae) 45. Peeli Kaner Thevetia peruviana Apocynaceae 46. Ashvagandha Withania somnifera Solanaceae 47. Badi Dudhi Euphorbia hirta Euphorbiaceae Grass 48. Asian crab grass Digitaria bicornis Poaceae (Gramineae) 49. Chinese Love Eragrostis unioloides Poaceae (Gramineae) Grass 50. Doob ghas Cynodon dactylon Poaceae (Gramineae) 51. Jangli-jowar Sorghum halepense Poaceae (Gramineae) 52. Jhuhi ghas Alysicarpus monilifer Fabaceae (Papilionaceae) 53. Makra Dactyloctenium aegyptium Poaceae (Gramineae) 54. Sheda Grass Dichanthium annulatum Poaceae (Gramineae)
BUFFER ZONE FAUNA
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PROJECT: - RIVER BED SAND MINE APPLICANT: - RAMESH MORANI
a. Avifauna A total of 30 species belonging to 23 families were recorded in the Buffer zone of the study area during the field survey. The dominant species were Red-wattled lapwing ( Vanellus cinereus), and Bank myna (Acridotheres ginginianus ). Table: List of Avifauna Recorded in Buffer Zone S. No. Common Name Scientific Name Family Status (IWPA 1972) 1. Bank myna Acridotheres ginginianus Sturnidae Schedule IV 2. Baya weaver Ploceus philippinus Ploceidae Schedule IV 3. Black drongo Dicrurus macrocercus Dicruridae Schedule IV 4. Brahminy starling Sturnus pagodarum Sturnidae Schedule IV 5. Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis Ardeidae Schedule IV 6. Common hoopoe Upupa epops Upupidae No mention 7. Common myna Acridotheres tristis Sturnidae Schedule IV 8. Eurasian Collared dove Streptopelia decaocto Columbidae Schedule IV 9. Green bee-eater Merops orientalis Meropidae No mention 10. Grey francolin Francolinus pondicerianus Phasianidae Schedule IV 11. House crow Corvus splendens Corvidae Schedule V 12. House sparrow Passer domesticus Passerinae Schedule IV 13. House swift Apus affinis sub sp. affinis Apodidae No mention 14. Indian peafowl Pavo cristatus Phasianidae Schedule I 15. Indian robin Saxicoloided fulicata Turdinae No mention 16. Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis Coraciidae Schedule IV 17. Jungle babbler Turdoides striatus Timaliinae Schedule IV 18. Laughing dove Streptopelia senegalensis Columbidae Schedule IV 19. Laughing dove Streptopelia senegalensis Columbidae Schedule IV 20. Lesser coucal Centropus bengalensis Cuculidae Schedule IV 21. Long-tailed shrike Lanius schach Laniidae No mention 22. Purple sunbird Nectarinia asiatica Nectariniidae Schedule IV 23. Red-vented bulbul Pycnonotus cafer Pycnonotidae Schedule IV 24. Red-wattled lapwing Vanellus cinereus Charadriidae No mention 25. Rock Pigeon Columba livia Columbidae Schedule IV 26. Rose-ringed parakeet Psittacula krameri Psittacidae Schedule IV 27. White-eared bulbul Pycnonotus leucotis Pycnonotidae Schedule IV
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PROJECT: - RIVER BED SAND MINE APPLICANT: - RAMESH MORANI
28. Wire-tailed swallow Hirundo smithii Hirundinidae No mention 29. Black kite Milvus migrans Accipitridae Schedule IV 30. Variable Wheatear Oenanthe picata Muscicapidae Schedule IV b. Mammals A total of 6 species belonging 5 families were observed in the buffer zone during the field survey. The dominant species were Funambulus pennantii (Five stripped palm squirrel) and Boselaphus tragocamelus (Nilgai). Table: List of mammalian species recorded in Buffer Zone S. No. Vernacular Scientific Name Family Number of Status (IWPA - Name individuals 1972) observed 1. Five Stripped Funambulus pennantii Sciuridae 10 IV Palm Squirrel 2. Common House Rattus rattus Muridae 5 V Rat 3. Grey Musk Shrew Suncus murinus Soricidae 5 -- 4. Indian Hare Lepus nigricollis Leporidae 1 IV 5. Indian Field Mus booduga Muridae 3 V Mouse 6. Nilgai Boselaphus Bovidae 7 III tragocamelus 7. Wild Pig Sus scrofa Suidae 5 III 8. Mongoose Herpestes edwardsii Herpestidae 3 II 9. Indian Gazelle or Gazella gazella Bovidae, s.family- 5-7 I (Part I) Chinkara bennettii Antilopinae c. Amphibian A total of 02 species were observed in the buffer zone during the field survey.
Table: Amphibian recorded in buffer zone S. No. & Conservation Status Family Vernacular Name Common English Name IUCN CITES IWPA
TOADS / FROGS
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1. Bufonidae 1 Bufo melanostictus Common Indian Toad VU -- -- 2. Ranidae 2 Hoplobatrachus tigerinus Indian Bull Frog VU App. II Schedule-IV
d. Reptiles A total of six species belonging to five families were observed in the buffer zone during the field survey. The dominant species was Oriental Garden Lizard (Calotes versicolor). Table -: List of reptiles recorded in Buffer Zone S. No. Vernacular Name Scientific Name Family Status (IWPA) 1 Common House Gecko Hemidactylus frenatus Gekkonidae No mention 2 Oriental Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor Agamidae No mention 3 Indian sand boa Eryx johnii Boidae Schedule IV 4 Common Rat Snake Ptyas mucosus Colubridae Schedule II 5 Common garden skink Lampropholis guichenoti Scincidae No mention 6 Fan-Throated Lizard Sitana ponticeriana Agamidae No mention
e. Butterflies: A total of 08 species of butterflies were recorded in the buffer zone during the field survey. The dominant family was Pieridae with 03 species and Common grass yellow as the dominant species.
Table: Butterflies Recorded in the Study Area S. No. Species Scientific Name Family 1 Crimson Rose Pachliopta hector Papilionidae 2 Lime Butterfly Papilio polymnestor Papilionidae 3 Yellow Pansy Junonia hierta Nymphalidae 4 Blue Pansy Junonia orithya Nymphalidae 5 Plain Tiger Danaus chrysippus Nymphalidae 6 Common Grass Yellow Eurema hecabe Pieridae 7 Indian Cabbage White Pieris canidia Pieridae 8 Pioneer White Belenois aurota Pieridae
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PROJECT: - RIVER BED SAND MINE APPLICANT: - RAMESH MORANI
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