Vertebrate and Vascular Plant Inventories

National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior

Natural Resource Program Center

A Summary of Biological Inventory Data Collected at Padre Island National Seashore Vertebrate and Vascular Plant Inventories

Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/GULN/NRTR—2010/402

Pelicans are among the many species of birds present in the Laguna Madre area of PAIS.

Kemp’s Ridley turtles are believed to remember the beach where they were hatched.

Coyotes are among the animals known to inhabit the Padre Island National Seashore.

Snapping turtles are tracked and monitored at PAIS. ON THE COVER Located along the south Texas coast, Padre Island National Seashore protects the longest undeveloped stretch of barrier islands in the world. Here, you can enjoy 70 miles of sandy beaches, wind-carved dunes, vast grasslands, fragile tidal flats, and warm, nearshore waters. Pelicans are among the many species of birds present in the Laguna Madre area of PAIS. NPS photos.

A Summary of Biological Inventory Data Collected at Padre Island National Seashore Vertebrate and Vascular Plant Inventories

Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/GULN/NRTR—2010/402

Gulf Coast Network National Park Service 646 Cajundome Blvd. Room 175 Lafayette, LA 70506

November 2010 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins, Colorado

The National Park Service, Natural Resource Program Center publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public.

The Natural Resource Data Series is intended for the timely release of basic data sets and data summaries. Care has been taken to assure accuracy of raw data values, but a thorough analysis and interpretation of the data has not been completed. Consequently, the initial analyses of data in this report are provisional and subject to change.

All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner.

Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government.

This report is available from the Gulf Coast Network Inventory and Monitoring Program website: http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/units/guln/networkhome/reports.cfm and the Natural Resource Publications Management website (http://www.nature.nps.gov/publications/NRPM).

Please cite this publication as:

Gulf Coast Network 2010. A summary of biological inventories conducted at Padre Island National Seashore: Vertebrate, and vascular pant inventories. Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/GULN/NRTR—2010/402. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado.

NPS 613/106086, November 2010

Contents

Page

Contents ...... iii

List of Tables ...... iv

Introduction ...... 1

Methods...... 1

Results and Discussion ...... 2

Discussion ...... 14

Monitoring ...... 14

Management ...... 14

Literature Cited ...... 15

NPSpecies https://science1.nature.nps.gov/npspecies/web/main/start Feb 4, 2009 ...... 15

Appendix A. NPSpecies Data Dictionary ...... 16

Appendix B. Padre Island National Seashore(PAIS) Local List...... 22

iii

Tables

Page

Table 1. Count of organisms by Park Status categories at PAIS (NPSpecies 2009)...... 2

Table 2. Count of organisms by Abundance categories at PAIS (NPSpecies 2009)...... 3

Table 3. Count of organisms by Residency categories at PAIS (NPSpecies 2009) ...... 3

Table 4. Count of organisms by Nativity categories at PAIS (NPSpecies 2009) ...... 3

Table 5. Non-native plants occurring at Padre Island National Seashore with an Invasive Species Impact Rank (I-Rank).NatureServe 2009...... 5

Table 6. Organisms on the park’s local list which possess a designated conservation status (State Status, State Rank, Federal Status or TNC Global Rank)...... 9

Introduction

Park managers are directed by federal law and National A natural resource inventory is Park Service (NPS) policies to know the status and trends in an extensive point-in-time effort the condition of natural resources under their stewardship in to document the presence, order to fulfill the NPS mission of conserving parks location or condition of a unimpaired. The National Park Service established the resource, including the status of Inventory and Monitoring Program (I&M) in 1992 to plants, animals, and abiotic provide funding, technical assistance, and coordination for components such as water, soils, more than 270 parks to complete 12 basic natural resource landforms, and climate. inventories and to begin monitoring the status and trend of Monitoring differs from an park natural resources. As part of this effort, the I&M inventory in adding the Program’s Gulf Coast Network (GULN) completed several dimension of time, with the inventories of the vertebrate species and vascular plants at general purpose of detecting Padre Island National Seashore (PAIS). These efforts changes or trends in a resource included cataloging all existing data, followed up by over time. additional field investigations. The primary purpose of these inventories was to document the presence of resources in parks, and to assess and document the current condition and knowledge of natural resources in the parks. This report provides a summary of results. Results are also briefly discussed within the context of future inventory efforts, long-term monitoring, and management.

Methods

Prior to the initiation of any field investigation, an effort was made to assemble extant data on species occurrence at PAIS. This included searches of reference databases and vouchers, as well as a site visit to the park. Based on these investigations, inventories for several vertebrate and vascular plant groups at PAIS were determined to be incomplete. Consequently, new field inventories of fish (Smith 2007), mammals (Frey 2008), and amphibians and reptiles (Duran 2004) were conducted on the park. The bird and vascular plant list for the park were determined to be relatively complete, so no new inventories were conducted; however, the species lists are summarized in this report along with the new inventories.

NPSpecies is the National Park Service's master Recent inventory reports for PAIS are database for documenting the occurrence and available on the GULN website at status of species in more than 270 national park http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/units/guln/. units containing significant natural resources. Data gathered from the initial reviews at PAIS and recent inventories were organized and entered in NPSpecies. Organism names were linked to the available evidence (reference, observation and/or voucher), quality checked, and made ready for review by individuals with expertise in the various taxa groups. The purpose of these reviews was to assign a park status (e.g., Present in Park, Probably Present, False Report, etc.) and complete a series of checklist fields for each organism (i.e., abundance, residency, nativity and cultivation). Upon completion of this step, data were considered certified and uploaded to a master, online version of NPSpecies on the NPS

resource management application website (http://NRInfo.gov). This site is currently restricted to NPS users and contractors, and records flagged as "sensitive" are not visible to users without edit permissions..

Results and Discussion

Searches for past data and completion of recent inventory efforts resulted in 68 references, 2,215 vouchers, and 757 observations being entered into NPSpecies for PAIS. Based on a review of this evidence, 1,074 organisms were categorized as Present in Park or Probably Present (Table 1). An additional 125 organisms were categorized as Unconfirmed or Encroaching. Unconfirmed organisms were included on the park list primarily due to historic and/or weak evidence supporting its existence on the park. Encroaching species includes those organisms known to occur in the region, but that are unlikely to occur on the park, at least presently.

Currently 1,025 of the parks total 1,232 organisms are documented as Present in Park. Additionally, the percentage of total organisms Present in Park is 83%. However, if both categories, Present in Park and Probably Present are combined, then the number of documented organisms rises to 1,074. The percentage of Present in Park and Probably Present of total organisms is 87%. Thus, based on current data, the percentage of documented organisms occurring in PAIS is likely between 83 and 87%. The I&M goal was to document as many organisms occurring in the park as possible, be them previously unidentified, encroaching, possibly present, or Present in Park. .

Table 1. Count of organisms by Park Status categories at PAIS (NPSpecies 2009). Park Status1 Bird Fish Mammal Amphibian Reptile Vascular Plant Total Present in Park 354 132 28 5 26 480 1025 Probably Present 18 5 17 1 - 8 49 Encroaching - 13 19 - - - 32 Unconfirmed 19 34 11 2 15 12 93 Historical - - 6 - 2 - 8 False Report 6 - 4 - 1 30 41 1 Refer to Appendix A for definitions of Park Status categories.

Of the 1,232 organisms documented, reviewers assigned a general abundance category (e.g. Abundant, Common, Uncommon, Rare, and Occasional) to 412(33%) (Table 2). Reviewers believed additional information was needed before an abundance category could be assigned to the remaining 820 (67%) organisms (e.g. Unknown, Not Accounted for).

Table 2. Count of organisms by Abundance categories at PAIS (NPSpecies 2009). Abundance Category1 Bird Fish Mammal Amphibian Reptile Vascular Plant Total Abundant 34 - 8 1 2 - 45 Common 71 - 8 2 7 - 88 Uncommon 109 - 4 2 10 - 125 Rare 92 - 3 - 3 - 98 Occasional 48 - 1 - - 7 56 Unknown - 132 4 - - 473 609 Not Accounted for 43 52 57 3 6 50 211 1 Refer to Appendix A for definitions of Abundance categories.

Residency values (e.g. Breeder, Resident, Migrant, and Vagrant) were assigned for 469 organisms with the exception of 763 organisms that were categorized as unknown or not accounted for (43 birds, 87 fish, 67 mammals, 8 amphibians, and 28 reptiles). Unknown and Not Accounted For residency values were assigned primarily because it was unclear as to whether or not the organism bred on the park. Also, residency was not established for the 530 vascular plants because residency values do not apply to vascular plants.

Table 3. Count of organisms by Residency categories at PAIS (NPSpecies 2009) Residency Category1 Bird Fish Mammal Amphibian Reptile Vascular Plant Total Breeder 60 1 17 - - - 78 Resident 119 88 - - - - 207 Migratory 126 1 - - - - 127 Vagrant 49 7 1 - - - 57 Unknown - 35 10 5 22 - 72

Not Accounted for 43 52 57 3 6 530 691 1 Refer to Appendix A for definitions of Residency categories.

PAIS’s local list includes 100 non-native organisms (i.e., 13% of total). Of the 100 non-native organisms, there are 3 birds, 4 fish, , 2 reptiles, 11 are mammals, and the remaining 80 are vascular plants. Forty-one additional fish were assigned a nativity of unknown due to a park status of unconfirmed and false reports regarding these fish.

Table 4. Count of organisms by Nativity categories at PAIS (NPSpecies 2009) Nativity Category1 Bird Fish Mammal Amphibian Reptile Vascular Plant Total Native 394 139 74 8 26 438 1079 Non-Native 3 4 11 - 2 80 100 Unknown - 41 - - - 12 53 Not Accounted for ------0 1 Refer to Appendix A for definitions of Nativity categories.

NatureServe, in cooperation with The Nature Conservancy and NPS, developed a protocol to rank the impact of non-native invasive vascular plants (Morse et al. 2004). Through a series of standardized questions, non-native species are evaluated and assigned an Invasive Species Impact Rank (I-Rank) based on impact to native species and natural biodiversity. I-Ranks are categorized as high, high/medium, height/low, medium, medium/low, medium/insignificant, low, low/insignificant, or insignificant. Seven of the non-native vascular plants on PAIS’s local list received an overall I-Rank score from NatureServe containing high (Table 5). All are known to occur in the park (i.e., Present in Park).

Table 5. Non-native plants occurring at Padre Island National Seashore with an Invasive Species Impact Rank (I-Rank).NatureServe 2009. Common Overall I- Ecological Management Names Species Rank Impact 1 Difficulty 2 I-Rank Summary

Dense monospecific stands in California are linked with severe giant reed, degradation of ecosystem processes and several species giantreed Arundo donax High High Low within the community including the Least Bell's Vireo.

This hardy non-native grass has a high degree of reproductive vigor, a wide range of adaptability, and few pests and predators. It occurs in 15 states in the US, mostly in the buffelgrass Pennisetum ciliare High High High/Low southeast. It is difficult to manage once firmly established. salt cedar, saltcedar, saltcedar, Widespread in the western US where it has been associated tamarisk, Tamarix with severe ecosystem degradation. May prove difficult to tamarix ramosissima High High High/Medium remove.

A problem weed world wide, causing most problems in agricultural systems. Found throughout much of the U.S. and considered widely naturalized in the western U.S. Occurs in sand dunes, annual grasslands, openings in woodlands, coastal slopes, coastal sage scrub, roadsides, pastures, grain fields and waste areas. Typically, cool season grasses are fast growers, very competitive and have persistent seed banks (with Avena fatua seeds can remain dormant for as long as 10 years). They also tend to create a larger amount of biomass than most native species which can lead to more fuel for fires. flaxgrass, This species has become resistant to some herbicides in at oatgrass, wheat least eight states as well in other countries. The number of oats, wild oat, sites and acreage is increasing with the herbicide resistant Wild wild oats Avena fatua High/Low Medium/Low High/Medium Oat.

Common Overall I- Ecological Management Names Species Rank Impact 1 Difficulty 2 I-Rank Summary Polypogon monspeliensis is widespread across the U.S. but is more common in the west. In the Sonoran region, it is one of the most successful riparian exotics. In Grand Canyon National annual rabbit's- Park it is exhibiting a moderate rate of increase in numbers of foot grass, individuals and populations. In California, Polypogon annual monspeliensis occurs in serpentine and nonserpentine foothill rabbitsfoot grasslands which contain native species that are critically grass, endangered. It also occurs in salt marshes with freshwater rabbit'sfootgrass inflows, waste places, wet pastures, wet soil in ditches and , rabbitfoot marshes, and along lakes and ponds. Polypogon beardgrass, monspeliensis forms dense swards that crowd out native plants rabbitfoot grass, and prevent their regeneration. It may have allelopathic effects. rabbitfoot Apparently, most of its negative impacts on biodiversiy are in polypogon, Polypogon California and Arizona but more information is needed. More rabbitfootgrass monspeliensis High/Low High/Low High/Medium information is also needed about its trends. Nicotiana glauca can be locally abundant and cause reductions in native plant community richness, however, these effeccts do tree tobacco Nicotiana glauca High/Low Medium/Low High/Low not appear to be widespread over the entire range in the US. Johnson grass has been shown to severely inhibit pioneer grass species which normally appear in abandoned fields and can persist in almost pure stands for many years. The massive size (up to 3 m tall) of this plant creates difficulties for the establishment of other plants and rapid growth of rhizomes also provides the plant with a competitive edge over other species. It is one of the most frequently listed noxious weeds in the U.S. aleppo and occurs throughout the entire southern half of the country. milletgrass, The plant is self-pollinated, aggressive, and wind dispersed herbe de Cuba, though humans often disperse it during field cultivation. Johnson grass, Although it can colonize undisturbed sites as a pioneer Johnsongrass, species, it is often found in old fields or previously cultivated sorgho d'Alep, areas. Control is difficult and costly and, although some sorgo de alepo, Sorghum High/ selective herbicides have been developed, such treatment zacate Johnson halepense Medium Medium/Low High/Medium usually impacts natives.

Bromus catharticus is found in waste places, open, generally rescue brome, disturbed places, lawns, gardens, roadsides, ditchbanks, and rescue grass, small grain winter crops. Labeled as a plant species that rescuegras, spreads in or near disturbed areas and are not presently rescuegrass Bromus catharticus Insignificant Unknown Unknown considered a threat to native plant communities.

Common Overall I- Ecological Management Names Species Rank Impact 1 Difficulty 2 I-Rank Summary This species is reported to occur in Texas, but has not been found in natural areas there. This species has been reported in Citrullus Calfornia, in Death Valley, however, this report is colocynth colocynthis Insignificant Unknown Unknown unsubstantiated.

Digitaria sanguinalis is widespread and occurs throughout the contiguous U.S., with the exception of Florida. It is a serious weed of lawns and gardens. In native species habitats, is occurs primarily in waste areas, old fields, borders, and roadsides. Where it occurs in more natural habitats such as prairies and dunes, it seems to be restricted to freshly Crabgrass, hairy disturbed areas. It has been found to produce root exudates crab grass, hairy that inhibit its own seedlings, as well as the seedlings of other crabgrass, large early invading species; it is one of the first species to crabgrass, dissappear in old field succession. Digitaria sanguinalis does purple posess some aggressive reproductive characteristics. A single crabgrass, plant may produce up to 188,000 seeds and stems often root at redhair Digitaria Low/ Low/ the lower nodes. However, it appears to have few negative crabgrass sanguinalis Insignificant Insignificant Low/Insignificant impacts on biodiversity. Lolium perenne occurs in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. It is used as a lawn and pasture grass. Lolium perenne often escapes on roadsides and in disturbed areas. It also invades grasslands, meadows, and vernal pools, especially in California. Apparently most of its negative impacts on biodiversity are in California. Lolium perenne can spread quickly and forms dense swards that displace native species. It threatens a federally threatened butterfly in serpentine grassland in California because it displaces the butterfly's primary larval food plant. Depending on environmental conditions, Lolium perenne may behave as an annual, biennial, short-lived perennial, or perennial. Seed production is prolific. Several management techniques are effective in controlling italian ryegrass, Lolium perenne including burning, mowing, grazing, and perennial rye herbicides. Lolium perenne includes both Lolium perenne ssp. grass, perennial multiflorum (often called L. multiflorum) and Lolium perenne ryegrass Lolium perenne Medium Medium Medium/Insignificant ssp. perenne.

Common Overall I- Ecological Management Names Species Rank Impact 1 Difficulty 2 I-Rank Summary

This cosmopolitan weed changes the community structure and community composition of natural communities in the US by outcompeting native plants through allelopathy, and establishing dense, inpenetratable thickets. It also extensively hybridizing with the native Lantana depressa in Florida. It has lantana, major impacts on biodiversity in Florida and Hawaii, is largeleaf lantana Lantana camara Medium Medium Medium/Low reproductively aggressive, and is somewhat hard to manage.

This taxon is much less well studied than the more common Melilotus species, and therefore there is much more annual yellow uncertainity about its effects in the U.S. It is widespread, but sweetclover, may not be advancing beyond its current distribution. But either Indian sweet- Medium/ Low/ way, managment techniques specific to this taxon are clover Melilotus indicus Insignificant Insignificant High/Low unknown. pimpernel, This common weed appears to be so ubiquitous that no one scarlet Medium/ Medium/ notices it anymore. It is unlikely to be affecting ecosystems, pimpernel Anagallis arvensis Insignificant Insignificant Medium/Insignificant communities or individual species.

Watercress is a perennial aquatic herb that is widely escaped across the contiguous U.S., especially in the northern and western U.S. It forms dense creeping mats that exclude native plant species. Habitats it invades include slow flowing streams, wet creek banks, lake margins, marshes, roadside ditches, seeps, sedgy tamarack swamps, and karst springs. It appears to threaten habitats with some disturbance and to be of lesser Rorippa concern to well-established native plant communities. It grows nasturtium- quickly and reproduces by seed and fragmentation. Control can watercress aquaticum Medium/Low Medium/Low Medium/Insignificant be accomplished with repeated hand-pulling.

1 A subcategory of Overall I-Rank score that addresses organism’s negative impacts on native plant and animal populations and communities. 2 A subcategory of Overall I-Rank score that addresses difficulty of control. If information (as evidenced by protocol questions answered) is sufficient to eliminate at least two of the four possible I-Ranks, but insufficient to narrow the I-Rank to a single value, a range I-Rank (e.g. High/Medium) is assigned.

A total of 63 organisms (Table 6) on PAIS’s local list currently meet at least one of the following criteria:

• Listed on Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) list of rare biota (http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/) • Listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service under the auspices of the U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended • Ranked as Critically Imperiled or Imperiled at the global level by NatureServe and its network of member programs.

Table 6. Organisms on the park’s local list which possess a designated conservation status (State Status, State Rank, Federal Status or TNC Global Rank).

Park State State Federal TNC Global Common Names Scientific Name Status 1 Status 2 Rank 3 Status 4 Rank 5

BIRDS

Buteo Present in White-tailed Hawk albicaudatus Park T S4B G4G5

Elanoides Present in Swallow-tailed Kite forficatus Park T S2B G5 Haliaeetus Present in Bald Eagle leucocephalus Park T S3B,S3N DM G4 Present in Reddish Egret Egretta rufescens Park T S3B G4 Charadrius Present in Piping Plover melodus Park T S2 T G3 Mycteria Present in Wood Stork americana Park T SHB,S2N E G4 Present in Sooty Tern Sterna fuscata Park T S2B G5 Pelecanus Present in Brown Pelican occidentalis Park E S3B E G4 Present in White-faced Ibis Plegadis chihi Park T S4B G5

Whooping Crane Grus americana Unconfirmed E S1 G1

Black-capped Vireo Vireo atricapillus Unconfirmed E S2B G2G3 Charadrius Western Snowy alexandrinus Plover nivosus NA S2B G4T3

Pelecanus Present in White Pelican erythrorhynchos Park S2B,S3N G3 Phoenicopterus Present in American Flamingo ruber Park G3 Lanius Migrant ludovicianus Loggerhead Shrike migrans NA S2B G4T3Q

Park State State Federal TNC Global Common Names Scientific Name Status 1 Status 2 Rank 3 Status 4 Rank 5

MAMMALS

Red Wolf Canis rufus Historic E SX E G1Q Leopardus Ocelot pardalis Unconfirmed E S1 E G4

Jaguar Panthera onca Unconfirmed E SH G3 Probably White-nosed Coati Nasua narica Present T S2 G5 Balaenoptera Blue Whale musculus Unconfirmed E S1 G3G4 Balaenoptera Fin Whale physalus Encroaching E S1 G3G4 Probably Pygmy Killer Whale Feresa attenuata Present T S1 G4

Short-finned Pilot Globicephala Present in Whale macrorhynchus Park T S1 G5 Present in Killer Whale Orcinus orca Park T S1 G4G5 Pseudorca Probably False Killer Whale crassidens Present T S1 G4 Atlantic Spotted Present in Dolphin Stenella frontalis Park T S1 G5 Rough-toothed Probably Dolphin Steno bredanensis Present T S1 G4 Pygmy Sperm Probably Whale Kogia breviceps Present T S1 G4 Physeter Probably Sperm Whale macrocephalus Present E S1 G3G4 Gervais' Beaked Mesoplodon Present in Whale europaeus Park T S1 G3 Cuvier's Beaked Whale Ziphius cavirostris Encroaching T S1 G4

Coues' Oryzomys Oryzomys couesi Encroaching T S2 G5 West Indian Trichechus Manatee manatus Encroaching E SA G2 Boselaphus Present in Nilgai tragocamelus Park G3G4 Megaptera Humpback Whale novaeangliae Encroaching G3 Geomys Maritime Pocket personatus Gopher maritimus NA S2 G4T2 Dipodomys Gulf Coast compactus Kangaroo Rat compactus NA S3 G4T3

REPTILES Texas Horned Phrynosoma Lizard cornutum Historic T S4 G4G5

Park State State Federal TNC Global Common Names Scientific Name Status 1 Status 2 Rank 3 Status 4 Rank 5 Present in Loggerhead Caretta caretta Park T S2 T G3 Present in Green Turtle Chelonia mydas Park T S1 T G3 Gopherus Texas Tortoise berlandieri False Report T S3 G4 Alligator Present in American Alligator mississippiensis Park SAT

Texas Cemophora Present in Scarletsnake coccinea lineri Park S2 G5T2 Sistrurus Present in Massasauga catenatus Park G3G4 Sistrurus Desert catenatus Massasauga edwardsii NA G3G4T3T4Q Sistrurus Western catenatus Massasauga tergeminus NA G3G4T3T4Q Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill imbricata Unconfirmed S1 G3T3Q Texas Diamondback Malaclemys Terrapin terrapin littoralis Unconfirmed S3 G4T3Q

FISH Carcharhinus Present in Dusky Shark obscurus Park G3 Carcharhinus Present in Night Shark signatus Park G3 Present in Texas Pipefish Syngnathus affinis Park S1 G1 Present in Sand Tiger Carcharias taurus Park G3G4 Epinephelus Nassau Grouper striatus Unconfirmed G2 VASCUALR PLANTS Cakile lanceolata ssp. Present in Coastal Searocket pseudoconstricta Park G5T2T4 Polanisia erosa Large ssp. Present in Clammyweed breviglandulosa Park S3 G5T3 Present in Tharp's Dropseed Sporobolus tharpii Park S3 G3

Vaseyochloa Present in Texas Grass multinervosa Park S3 G3 Present in Cory's Croton Croton coryi Park S3 G3

Park State State Federal TNC Global Common Names Scientific Name Status 1 Status 2 Rank 3 Status 4 Rank 5 Present in Velvet Spurge Euphorbia innocua Park S3 G3

Baptisia bracteata Present in Cream Wild Indigo var. laevicaulis Park S2 G4G5T2T4 West Indian Swietenia Mahogany mahagoni False Report G3G4 Lycium Gulf Coast carolinianum var. Present in Wolfberry quadrifidum Park S3 G4T2T4

AMPHIBIANS

Notophthalmus Probably Black-spotted Newt meridionalis Present T S1 G1 1 Refer to the Appendix for definitions of Park Status categories. 2 The official endangerment status the state heritage program has assigned to this species. T – Threatened : Any species or subspecies that is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future. E – Endangered : Animal: Any species or subspecies of wildlife whose prospects of survival or recruitment within the state are in jeopardy or are likely to become so within the foreseeable future. LE – endangered : A species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range. D - Deemed in Need of Management : Any species or subspecies of nongame wildlife which should be investigated in order to develop information relating to populations, distribution, habitat needs, limiting factors, and other biological and ecological data to determine management measures necessary for their continued ability to sustain themselves successfully. SP - Species Protected : It shall be unlawful to take, capture, kill, or attempt to take, capture or kill; possess, sell, trade for anything of monetary value, or offer to sell or trade for anything of monetary value, the following nongame wildlife species (or any parts or reproductive products of such species) without a scientific collection permit or written permit from the Commissioner, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, which shall specifically state what the permittee may do with regard to said species. S - Special concern : any species or subspecies that is uncommon, or has unique or highly specific habitat requirements or scientific value and therefore requires careful monitoring of its status. 3 State Rank S1– Extremely rare and critically imperiled in the state with five or fewer occurrences, or very few remaining individuals, or because of some special condition where the species is particularly vulnerable to extirpation. S2– Very rare and imperiled within the state, six to twenty occurrences and less than 3000 individuals, or few remaining individuals, or because of some factor(s) making it vulnerable to extirpation. S3– Rare and uncommon in the state, from 21 to 100 occurrences. S4– Widespread, abundant, and apparently secure within the state, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery, and is of long-term concern. SH– Of historical occurrence, i.e., known to occur in the past, with the expectation that it may be rediscovered. 4U.S. Endangered Species Act: Current status of the taxon as designated or proposed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) or the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service, and as reported in the U.S. Federal Register in accordance with the U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended. E– Listed endangered, denotes a taxon that is threatened by extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range. T– Listed threatened, denotes a taxon that is likely to become an endangered species in the foreseeable future. DM– Delisted taxon, recovered, being monitored for first five years.

5The rounded NatureServe conservation status, developed by NatureServe and its network of member programs, of a species from a global (i.e., rangewide) perspective, characterizing the relative imperilment of the species. G1=Critically Imperiled, G2=Imperiled, G3=Vulnerable, G4=Apparently Secure, G5=Secure. Refer to for additional information on ranks.

Discussion

It is recognized that a species list will never be 100% complete and accurate any given time. Because most inventories are “point in time” surveys, not every species present may be found during the inventory. However, these new inventories, combined with historical observations give a reasonably complete list of species currently found on the park. In addition, the inventories resulted in the documentation of many new species and will provide baseline information that may of management significance.

While significant strides have been made in documenting the presence of vertebrate species and vascular plants (as noted above), it is anticipated that additional survey efforts will result in an increase in the number of organisms documented on PAIS.

Monitoring

GULN’s current list of high priority vital signs to be monitored at PAIS and includes several related directly to the vascular plant and vertebrate species documented in these recent inventories. These include terrestrial vegetative communities, amphibian communities, and water quality. Water quality relates directly to the vegetative communities, amphibians, and fish communities. Amphibians are considered good indicators of general ecosystem health due to their ties with both aquatic and terrestrial environments, and sensitivity to environmental stresses. Consequently, amphibians have been selected as a high priority group to monitor in all Gulf Coast Network parks. The baseline inventories have allowed the network to target long- term monitoring protocols to the species of interest on each park.

The potential impact of climate change on park resources has recently become a focus for the National Park Service. Although the impacts are difficult to predict, all vital signs that will be monitored at PAIS are very sensitive to changes in precipitation (timing, amount, and/or frequency) and temperature. The GULN will compile available weather data to use for placing monitoring results in context of changing weather and climate.

Management

Recent inventories have revealed that PAIS supports a diverse array of vascular plants and vertebrates. As noted, the data have been consolidated into NPSpecies for use in park planning and management decisions. An additional step to be taken with these data is identification of management priority species. This would likely include sensitive or rare species, and highly invasive exotics, among others. Additional management recommendations can be found in the specific inventory reports for PAIS.

Literature Cited

Duran, M.C. 2004. An Inventory of Reptiles and Amphibians of Padre Island national Seashore, San Antonio Missions National Historical Park, and Palo Alto Battlefield National Site: Texas Conservation Data Center; The Nature Conservancy.

Frey, J.K. and Jones,G.D. 2008. Mammal Inventory of Padre Island National Seashore: Department of Fishery and Wildlife Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico.

Morse, L.E., J.M. Randall, N. Benton, R. Heibert, and S. Lu. 2004. An invasive species assessment protocol: Evaluating non-native plants for their impact on biodiversity. Version 1. NatureServe, Arlington, VA.

NatureServe. 2009. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web application]. Version 7.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available http://www.natureserve.org/explorer. (Accessed: June 22, 2010 ).

NPSpecies https://science1.nature.nps.gov/npspecies/web/main/start Feb 4, 2009

Onuf, C.P. and Ingold, J.J. 2006. Seagrass Resources and Condition Within Padre Island National Seashore, Texas: A GIS Analysis. U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center, Corpus Christi,Texas.

Smith, L.C. and Smith, E.H. 2007. Summary Inventory of Marine and Fresh Water Fish of Padre Island National Seashore: Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, Texas.

Appendix A. NPSpecies Data Dictionary

Park Status The current status of each species in Applicable only to organisms with the Local List each park. checkbox checked. The possible values reflect a combination of confidence, and availability and currency of verifiable evidence in NPSpecies.

Present in Park Species' occurrence in park is Extremely high confidence that the species is documented and assumed to be currently in the park. A current, verifiable reference, extant. voucher or observation is included in NPSpecies.

Probably Park is within species' range and Very high confidence that the organism is currently Present contains appropriate habitat. in the park. Verifiable evidence may exist in Documented occurrences of the NPSpecies, but is not considered current enough to species in the adjoining region of the elevate the status to Present in Park. Efforts should park give reason to suspect that it be made to obtain current, verifiable evidence in probably occurs within the park. The NPSpecies to elevate the Park Status to “Present in degree of probability may vary within Park”. If reasonable efforts to obtain current, this category, including species that verifiable evidence are unsuccessful, then the Park range from common to rare. Status should be changed to Unconfirmed, Historic, Encroaching or False Report as applicable.

Unconfirmed Included for the park based on weak Any confidence from very low to high that the ("unconfirmed record") or no evidence, organism is currently in the park. Verifiable giving minimal indication of the species' evidence may exist in NPSpecies, but it is not occurrence in the park. considered sufficient enough to elevate the status to Probably Present, nor current enough to elevate the status to Present. Efforts should be made to obtain current, verifiable evidence in NPSpecies to elevate the Park Status to “Present in Park”. If reasonable efforts to obtain current, verifiable evidence are unsuccessful, then the Park Status should be changed to Historic, Encroaching or False Report as applicable.

Encroaching The species is not documented in the Extremely low confidence that the organism is park, but is documented as being currently in the park, but extremely high confidence adjacent to the park and has potential that the organism is currently adjacent to the park. to occur in the park. Verifiable evidence may exist in NPSpecies documenting the occurrence in the park, but it is not current. Potential invasive organisms are good candidates for this Park Status designation, either before they enter a park or after they have been eliminated from a park.

Historic Species' historical occurrence in the Extremely low confidence that the organism is park is documented, but recent currently in the park. Verifiable evidence exists in investigations indicate that the species NPSpecies, but is not current. Extinct, extirpated or is now probably absent. eliminated species are candidates for a Historic Park Status designation. False Report Species previously reported to occur Extremely low confidence that the organism is within the park, but current evidence currently in the park. Evidence exists in NPSpecies, indicates that the report was based on but it cannot be sufficiently verified. a misidentification, a taxonomic concept no longer accepted, or some

other similar problem of interpretation. NA Not Applicable - Park-Status does not The NA value prevents null values from appearing apply to the scientific name for the in NPSpecies and applies to 2 primary situations: park. 1) An outdated scientific name that is not used in the locale of the park for an organism, but is in NPSpecies for a park because of the inclusion of vouchers, observations or names linked to references. Note that outdated names are reconciled in NPSpecies with the LOCAL CLASSIFICATION system.

2) Vouchers, observations or names linked to references have not been identified at the species level or lower, but are included in NPSpecies with the name of a higher taxonomic rank than the species level. The names of these higher level taxonomic ranks will disappear from NPSpecies if the evidence of the respective name are identified to the species level or lower, and are changed appropriately in NPSpecies. Abundance The current abundance of each Applicable only to organisms with the Local List organism in each park. checkbox checked and a Park Status of "Present". The values attempt to balance abundance with suitable habitat, and temporal/behavioral considerations. In practice, the entered value should apply (although there are numerous exceptions) to the abundance in the most suitable habitat of the organism, and at the time that the organism is engaged in it’s principle behavior in (e.g. breeding, migrating, hibernating, etc.), or most important behavior to, the park. A future generation of NPSpecies will address the coding of Abundance (and associated Residency) to separate out the temporal and behavioral aspects. The Data Source field for Abundance is available to provide a citation that specifically addresses abundance in more detail. Abundant Animals: May be seen daily, in suitable habitat and season, and counted in relatively large numbers. Plants: Large number of individuals; wide ecological amplitude or occurring in habitats covering a large portion of the park. Common Animals: May be seen daily, in suitable habitat and season, but not in large numbers. Plants: Large numbers of individuals predictably occurring in commonly encountered habitats but not those covering a large portion of the park. Uncommon Animals: Likely to be seen monthly in appropriate season/habitat. May be locally common. Plants: Few to moderate numbers of individuals; occurring either sporadically in commonly encountered habitats or in

uncommon habitats. Rare Animals: Present, but usually seen only a few times each year. Plants: Few individuals, usually restricted to small areas of rare habitat. Occasional Animals: Occurs in the park at least once every few years, but not necessarily every year. Plants: Not applicable. Unknown Abundance unknown.

NA Not Applicable – Abundance does not All names on a park’s list that do not have a Park apply to the scientific name in the park. Status of Present should have a Residency of NA. Residency Current residency classification for Applicable only to ANIMALS with the Local List each ANIMAL species in each park. checkbox checked and a Park Status of "Present". The values attempt to balance temporal and behavioral considerations. In practice, the entered value should apply (although there are numerous exceptions) to the residency of the organism at the time that the organism is engaged in its principle behavior (e.g. breeding, migrating, hibernating, etc.) in, or most important behavior to, the park. A future generation of NPSpecies will address the coding of Residency (and associated Abundance) to separate out the temporal and behavior aspects. The Data Source field for Residency is available to provide a citation that specifically addresses Residency in more detail. Breeder Population reproduces in the park.

Resident A significant population is maintained in the park for more than two months each year, but it is not known to breed there. Migratory Migratory species that occurs in park approximately two months or less each year and does not breed there.

Vagrant Park is outside of the species' usual range. Unknown Residency status in park is unknown. NA Not Applicable – Residency does not All names on a park’s list that do not have a Park apply to the scientific name in the park. Status of Present should have a Residency of NA. Nativity Nativity classification for each organism Applicable only to organisms with the Local List for each park. checkbox checked. If the park-status of an organism is not “Present in Park”, then nativity represents the nativity if the organism were eventually confirmed in the park. Native The organism is native, or would be native, to the park (either endemic or indigenous). Non-Native The organism is not native, or would Cultivated organisms as defined under the not be native, to the park (neither Cultivation field are also considered non-native. endemic nor indigenous). Unknown Nativity is unknown relative to the park. NA Not Applicable Applies to names that do not represent organism

names for the locale of the park. Cultivation Cultivation classification for each non- Applicable only to organisms with the Local List native organism in each park. checkbox checked, a Park Status of "Present" or "Probably Present" and a Nativity of Non-Native. Cultivation is intended to distinguish between non- native organisms that were introduced as part of a park’s mission, and non-native organisms that occur in the park naturally. Cultivation was not intended to apply to organisms that are cultivated for landscape purposes and have not persisted into the natural environment, for example plants in gardens or terrariums, or animals in enclosures. In general, NPSpecies was not intended to include controlled, “domestic” organisms. Cultivated A non-native species that is currently cultivated in the park. Persistent A non-native species that persists in the park (either reproducing or non- reproducing) from a previous cultivation in the park. Not Cultivated A non-native species that is not currently cultivated in the park. Unknown A non-native species for which the cultivation in the park is currently unknown. NA Not Applicable – Cultivation does not All names on a park’s list that do not have a Park apply to the non-native scientific name Status of Present or Probably Present and a in the park. Nativity of Non-native should have a Cultivation of NA.

19 Appendix B. Padre Island National Seashore (PAIS) Local List (NPSpecies 12/15/2009).

Park Status1 PIP Scientific Name Common Name Aythya collaris Ring-necked Duck Greater Scaup PIP Aythya marila Amphibians Aythya valisineria Canvasback PIP Bufo nebulifer Coastal Plain Toad U Branta canadensis Canada Goose PIP Bufo woodhousii Woodhouse's Toad PIP Bucephala albeola Bufflehead PIP PIP Green Tree Frog, Green PIP Bucephala clangula Common Goldeneye Hyla cinerea Treefrog Bucephala islandica Barrow's Goldeneye U PIP Pseudacris clarkii Spotted Chorus Frog PIP Chen caerulescens Snow Goose Rio Grande Frog, Rio Chen rossii Ross' Goose, Ross's Goose PP PIP Rana berlandieri Grande Leopard Frog Clangula hyemalis Oldsquaw PIP Scaphiopus hurterii Hurter's Spadefoot PIP Cygnus columbianus Tundra Swan U PIP Notophthalmus PP Histrionicus histrionicus Harlequin Duck meridionalis Black-spotted Newt Lophodytes cucullatus Hooded Merganser PIP Aspidoscelis gularis Texas Spotted Whiptail U Melanitta fusca White-winged Scoter PIP Park Status1 Scientific Name Common Name Melanitta nigra Black Scoter PIP PIP Birds Melanitta perspicillata Surf Scoter Mergus serrator Red-breasted Merganser PIP Aix sponsa Wood Duck PIP Anas acuta Northern Pintail PIP Oxyura dominica Masked Duck U Oxyura jamaicensis Ruddy Duck PIP Anas americana American Wigeon PIP Anas clypeata Northern Shoveler PIP Dendrocygna PIP autumnalis Black-bellied Whistling-Duck Anas crecca Green-winged Teal PIP Dendrocygna bicolor Fulvous Whistling-Duck PIP Anas cyanoptera Cinnamon Teal PIP Chaetura pelagica Chimney Swift PIP Anas discors Blue-winged Teal PIP Streptoprocne zonaris White-collared Swift PIP Anas fulvigula Mottled Duck PIP Amazilia yucatanensis Buff-bellied Hummingbird PIP Eurasian Wigeon U Anas penelope Archilochus alexandri Black-chinned Hummingbird PIP Anas platyrhynchos Mallard PIP Anas rubripes American Black Duck PIP Archilochus colubris Ruby-throated Hummingbird PIP Anas strepera Gadwall PIP Colibri thalassinus Green Violet-ear PIP Anser albifrons Greater White-fronted Goose PIP Selasphorus PIP platycercus Broad-tailed Hummingbird Aythya affinis Lesser Scaup PIP Aythya americana Redhead PIP Selasphorus rufus Rufous Hummingbird PP Gallinago delicata Wilson's snipe PIP

Charadrius wilsonia Wilson's Plover PIP Accipiter cooperii Cooper's Hawk PIP PIP Accipiter striatus Sharp-shinned Hawk PIP Haematopus palliatus American Oystercatcher Ae'o, Black-necked Stilt, PIP PIP Buteo albicaudatus White-tailed Hawk Himantopus mexicanus Hawaiian Stilt Buteo jamaicensis Red-tailed Hawk PIP American Golden Plover, Buteo lagopus Rough-legged Hawk PIP American Golden-Plover, PIP Pluvialis dominica Lesser Golden-Plover Buteo lineatus Red-shouldered Hawk PIP Pluvialis squatarola Black-bellied Plover PIP Buteo platypterus Broad-winged Hawk PIP Recurvirostra PIP Buteo regalis Ferruginous Hawk PIP americana American Avocet Buteo swainsoni Swainson's Hawk PIP Cathartes aura Turkey Vulture PIP Circus cyaneus Northern Harrier PIP Coragyps atratus Black Vulture PIP American Swallow-tailed PIP PIP Mycteria americana Wood Stork Elanoides forficatus Kite, Swallow-tailed Kite Falco columbarius Merlin PIP Elanus leucurus White-tailed Kite PIP Falco femoralis Aplomado Falcon PIP Haliaeetus PIP Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon PIP leucocephalus Bald Eagle Falco sparverius American Kestrel PIP PIP Ictinia mississippiensis Mississippi Kite Polyborus plancus Crested Caracara PIP Pandion haliaetus Osprey PIP Fregata magnificens Magnificent Frigatebird PIP Parabuteo unicinctus Harris' Hawk PIP Gavia adamsii Yellow-billed Loon PIP Anhinga anhinga Anhinga PIP Gavia immer Common Loon PIP Ardea alba Great Egret PIP Gavia pacifica Pacific Loon PIP Ardea herodias Great Blue Heron PIP Gavia stellata Red-throated Loon U Anous minutus Black Noddy PIP Botaurus lentiginosus American Bittern PIP Anous stolidus Brown Noddy PIP Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret PIP Chlidonias niger Black Tern PIP Butorides virescens Green Heron PIP Larus argentatus Herring Gull PIP Egretta caerulea Little Blue Heron PIP Larus atricilla Laughing Gull PIP Egretta rufescens Reddish Egret PIP Larus californicus California Gull PIP Egretta thula Snowy Egret PIP Larus delawarensis Ring-billed Gull PIP Egretta tricolor Tricolored Heron PIP Larus fuscus Lesser Black-backed Gull PIP Ixobrychus exilis Least Bittern PIP Larus glaucoides Iceland Gull PIP PIP Nyctanassa violacea Yellow-crowned Night-Heron Larus hyperboreus Glaucous Gull PIP Nycticorax nycticorax Black-crowned Night-Heron PIP Larus marinus Great Black-backed Gull PIP Charadrius PIP Larus occidentalis Western Gull PIP alexandrinus Snowy Plover Larus philadelphia Bonaparte's Gull PIP Charadrius melodus Piping Plover PIP PIP Charadrius Larus pipixcan Franklin's Gull PIP semipalmatus Semipalmated Plover Larus thayeri Thayer's Gull PP Charadrius vociferus Killdeer PIP Rissa tridactyla Black-legged Kittiwake PIP

Oceanodroma castro Band-rumped Storm-Petrel PP Rynchops niger Black Skimmer PIP Oceanodroma Stercorarius PIP PIP leucorhoa Leach's Storm-Petrel longicaudus Long-tailed Jaeger Puffinus gravis Greater Shearwater PIP Stercorarius parasiticus Parasitic Jaeger PIP Puffinus griseus Sooty Shearwater PIP Stercorarius pomarinus Pomarine Jaeger PIP Puffinus lherminieri Audubon's Shearwater U Sterna anaethetus Bridled Tern PP Puffinus puffinus Manx Shearwater PP Sterna antillarum Least Tern PIP Actitis macularia Spotted Sandpiper PIP Sterna caspia Caspian Tern PIP Aphriza virgata Surfbird PIP Sterna dougallii Roseate Tern U Arenaria interpres Ruddy Turnstone PIP Sterna forsteri Forster's Tern PIP Bartramia longicauda Upland Sandpiper PIP Sterna fuscata Sooty Tern PIP Calidris alba Sanderling PIP Sterna hirundo Common Tern PIP Calidris alpina Dunlin PIP Sterna maxima Royal Tern PIP Calidris bairdii Baird's Sandpiper PIP Sterna nilotica Gull-billed Tern PIP Calidris canutus Red Knot PIP Sterna paradisaea Arctic Tern U Sterna sandvicensis Sandwich Tern PIP Calidris fuscicollis White-rumped Sandpiper PIP Xema sabini Sabine's Gull PIP Calidris himantopus Stilt Sandpiper PIP Pelecanus PIP PIP Calidris mauri Western Sandpiper erythrorhynchos American White Pelican Calidris melanotos Pectoral Sandpiper PIP Pelecanus occidentalis Brown Pelican PIP Calidris minutilla Least Sandpiper PIP Calidris pusilla Semipalmated Sandpiper PIP Phaethon aethereus Red-billed Tropicbird PIP Calidris tenuirostris Great Knot FR Phaethon lepturus White-tailed Tropicbird FR Catoptrophorus PIP Phalacrocorax auritus Double-crested Cormorant PIP semipalmatus Willet Phalacrocorax Limnodromus griseus Short-billed Dowitcher PIP PIP brasilianus Neotropic Cormorant Limnodromus PIP Phoenicopterus ruber Greater Flamingo PIP scolopaceus Long-billed Dowitcher Aechmophorus Limosa fedoa Marbled Godwit PIP U occidentalis Western Grebe Limosa haemastica Hudsonian Godwit PIP Podiceps auritus Horned Grebe PIP PIP PIP Numenius americanus Long-billed Curlew Podiceps nigricollis Eared Grebe Numenius phaeopus Whimbrel PIP Podilymbus podiceps Pied-billed Grebe PIP Phalaropus fulicaria Red Phalarope U Tachybaptus dominicus Least Grebe PIP Phalaropus lobatus Red-necked Phalarope U Phalaropus tricolor Wilson's Phalarope PIP Calonectris diomedea Cory's Shearwater U Philomachus pugnax Ruff PP Diomedea PIP chlororhynchos Yellow-nosed Albatross Scolopax minor American Woodcock PIP Tringa flavipes Lesser Yellowlegs PIP Wilson's Storm Petrel, FR Oceanites oceanicus Wilson's Storm-Petrel Tringa melanoleuca Greater Yellowlegs PIP

Tringa solitaria Solitary Sandpiper PIP Porphyrula martinica Purple Gallinule PIP Tryngites subruficollis Buff-breasted Sandpiper PIP Porzana carolina Sora PIP Morus bassanus Northern Gannet PIP Rallus elegans King Rail PIP Sula dactylatra Masked Booby PIP Rallus limicola Virginia Rail PIP Sula leucogaster Brown Booby PIP Rallus longirostris Clapper Rail PIP Sula nebouxii Blue-footed Booby FR Eremophila alpestris Horned Lark PIP Sula sula Red-footed Booby PIP Bombycilla cedrorum Cedar Waxwing PIP Auriparus flaviceps Verdin PIP Ajaia ajaja Roseate Spoonbill PIP Campylorhynchus Eudocimus albus White Ibis PIP PIP brunneicapillus Cactus Wren Plegadis chihi White-faced Ibis PIP Certhia americana Brown Creeper PIP Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis PIP Cistothorus palustris Marsh Wren PIP Columba livia Rock Dove PIP Cistothorus platensis Sedge Wren PIP Columbina inca Inca Dove PIP Polioptila caerulea Blue-gray Gnatcatcher PIP Columbina passerina Common Ground-Dove PIP Thryomanes bewickii Bewick's Wren PIP Scardafella inca Inca Dove PIP Thryothorus PIP Zenaida asiatica White-winged Dove PIP ludovicianus Carolina Wren Zenaida macroura Mourning Dove PIP Troglodytes aedon House Wren PIP Ceryle alcyon Belted Kingfisher PIP PIP Chloroceryle americana Green Kingfisher PIP Troglodytes troglodytes Winter Wren Coccyzus americanus Yellow-billed Cuckoo PIP Corvus cryptoleucus Chihuahuan Raven PIP Coccyzus PIP Agelaius phoeniceus Red-winged Blackbird PIP erythropthalmus Black-billed Cuckoo Aimophila cassinii Cassin's Sparrow PIP Coccyzus minor Mangrove Cuckoo PP PIP PIP Ammodramus leconteii Le Conte's Sparrow Crotophaga sulcirostris Groove-billed Ani Ammodramus Geococcyx PIP PIP maritimus Seaside Sparrow californianus Greater Roadrunner Nelson's Sharp-tailed PIP PIP Colinus virginianus Northern Bobwhite Ammodramus nelsoni Sparrow Ammodramus Meleagris gallopavo Wild Turkey PIP PIP savannarum Grasshopper Sparrow U Arremonops Grus americana Whooping Crane PIP rufivirgatus Olive Sparrow PIP Grus canadensis Sandhill Crane Calamospiza Coturnicops PIP PP melanocorys Lark Bunting noveboracensis Yellow Rail Cardinalis cardinalis Northern Cardinal PIP Fulica americana American Coot PIP Cardinalis sinuatus Pyrrhuloxia PIP Gallinula chloropus Common Moorhen PIP Carduelis tristis American Goldfinch PIP Chondestes Laterallus jamaicensis Black Rail PP PIP grammacus Lark Sparrow

Dendroica PIP Mniotilta varia Black-and-white Warbler PIP caerulescens Black-throated Blue Warbler Molothrus aeneus Bronzed Cowbird PIP PIP Dendroica castanea Bay-breasted Warbler Molothrus ater Brown-headed Cowbird PIP Dendroica cerulea Cerulean Warbler PIP Oporornis agilis Connecticut Warbler U PIP Dendroica coronata Yellow-rumped Warbler Oporornis formosus Kentucky Warbler PIP Dendroica dominica Yellow-throated Warbler PIP Oporornis philadelphia Mourning Warbler PIP Dendroica fusca Blackburnian Warbler PIP Parula americana Northern Parula PIP Dendroica magnolia Magnolia Warbler PIP Passerculus PIP sandwichensis Savannah Sparrow Dendroica nigrescens Black-throated Gray Warbler PIP Passerina amoena Lazuli Bunting PIP PIP Dendroica palmarum Palm Warbler Passerina ciris Painted Bunting PIP Dendroica PIP Passerina cyanea Indigo Bunting PIP pensylvanica Chestnut-sided Warbler Passerina versicolor Varied Bunting PIP PIP Pheucticus Dendroica petechia Yellow Warbler PIP Dendroica pinus Pine Warbler PP ludovicianus Rose-breasted Grosbeak Pheucticus Dendroica striata Blackpoll Warbler PIP PP melanocephalus Black-headed Grosbeak Dendroica tigrina Cape May Warbler PIP Pipilo chlorurus Green-tailed Towhee PIP

Black-throated Green PIP Eastern Towhee, Rufous- PP Dendroica virens Warbler Pipilo erythrophthalmus sided Towhee Dolichonyx oryzivorus Bobolink PIP Pipilo maculatus Spotted Towhee PP Euphagus carolinus Rusty Blackbird PIP Piranga bidentata Flame-colored Tanager PIP Euphagus PIP cyanocephalus Brewer's Blackbird Piranga flava Hepatic Tanager U Geothlypis trichas Common Yellowthroat PIP Piranga ludoviciana Western Tanager PIP Piranga olivacea Scarlet Tanager PIP Guiraca caerulea Blue Grosbeak PIP PIP Helmitheros vermivorus Worm-eating Warbler PIP Piranga rubra Summer Tanager Plectrophenax nivalis Snow Bunting PIP Icteria virens Yellow-breasted Chat PIP Icterus bullockii Bullock's Oriole PIP Pooecetes gramineus Vesper Sparrow PIP Icterus cucullatus Hooded Oriole PIP Protonotaria citrea Prothonotary Warbler PIP Baltimore Oriole, Northern PIP PIP Quiscalus mexicanus Great-tailed Grackle Icterus galbula Oriole Quiscalus quiscula Common Grackle PIP Icterus gularis Altamira Oriole PIP Seiurus aurocapillus Ovenbird PIP Icterus spurius Orchard Oriole PIP Seiurus motacilla Louisiana Waterthrush PIP Seiurus PIP PIP Limnothlypis swainsonii Swainson's Warbler noveboracensis Northern Waterthrush Melospiza georgiana Swamp Sparrow PIP Setophaga ruticilla American Redstart PIP Melospiza lincolnii Lincoln's Sparrow PIP Spiza americana Dickcissel PIP Melospiza melodia Song Sparrow PIP Spizella atrogularis Black-chinned Sparrow FR

Passer domesticus House Sparrow PIP Spizella pallida Clay-colored Sparrow PIP Regulus calendula Ruby-crowned Kinglet PIP Spizella passerina Chipping Sparrow PIP Regulus satrapa Golden-crowned Kinglet PIP PIP Spizella pusilla Field Sparrow PIP Dumetella carolinensis Gray Catbird Sturnella magna Eastern Meadowlark PIP Mimus polyglottos Northern Mockingbird PIP Sturnella neglecta Western Meadowlark PIP Oreoscoptes montanus Sage Thrasher U Vermivora celata Orange-crowned Warbler PIP Sturnus vulgaris European Starling PIP Vermivora chrysoptera Golden-winged Warbler PIP Toxostoma curvirostre Curve-billed Thrasher PIP Vermivora peregrina Tennessee Warbler PIP Toxostoma longirostre Long-billed Thrasher PIP Toxostoma rufum Brown Thrasher PIP Vermivora pinus Blue-winged Warbler PIP Contopus borealis Olive-sided Flycatcher PIP Vermivora ruficapilla Nashville Warbler PIP Contopus sordidulus Western Wood-Pewee U Vermivora virginiae Virginia's Warbler FR Contopus virens Eastern Wood-Pewee PIP Wilsonia canadensis Canada Warbler PIP Empidonax alnorum Alder Flycatcher PP Wilsonia citrina Hooded Warbler PIP Empidonax flaviventris Yellow-bellied Flycatcher PIP Wilsonia pusilla Wilson's Warbler PIP Empidonax minimus Least Flycatcher PIP Xanthocephalus PIP Empidonax traillii Willow Flycatcher PIP xanthocephalus Yellow-headed Blackbird Empidonax virescens Acadian Flycatcher PIP Zonotrichia albicollis White-throated Sparrow PIP Myiarchus cinerascens Ash-throated Flycatcher PIP Zonotrichia leucophrys White-crowned Sparrow PIP Myiarchus crinitus Great Crested Flycatcher PIP Myiarchus tyrannulus Brown-crested Flycatcher PIP Hirundo pyrrhonota Cliff Swallow PIP Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow PIP Myiodynastes PIP luteiventris Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher Progne subis Purple Martin PIP Pitangus sulphuratus Great Kiskadee PIP Riparia riparia Bank Swallow PIP PIP Stelgidopteryx Northern Rough-winged Pyrocephalus rubinus Vermilion Flycatcher PIP serripennis Swallow Sayornis phoebe Eastern Phoebe PIP Tachycineta bicolor Tree Swallow PIP Sayornis saya Say's Phoebe PIP Lanius ludovicianus Loggerhead Shrike PIP Tyrannus couchii Couch's Kingbird PIP Catharus fuscescens Veery PIP Tyrannus dominicensis Gray Kingbird PIP Catharus guttatus Hermit Thrush PIP Tyrannus forficatus Scissor-tailed Flycatcher PIP Catharus minimus Gray-cheeked Thrush PIP Tyrannus U Catharus ustulatus Swainson's Thrush PIP melancholicus Tropical Kingbird Hylocichla mustelina Wood Thrush PIP Tyrannus savana Fork-tailed Flycatcher PP Sialia sialis Eastern Bluebird PIP Tyrannus tyrannus Eastern Kingbird PIP Turdus migratorius American Robin PIP Tyrannus verticalis Western Kingbird PIP Baeolophus PIP Tyrannus vociferans Cassin's Kingbird PIP atricristatus Black-crested Titmouse Vireo atricapillus Black-capped Vireo U Anthus rubescens American Pipit PIP Vireo bellii Bell's Vireo PIP Anthus spragueii Sprague's Pipit PIP

Vireo flavifrons Yellow-throated Vireo PIP Synodus foetens inshore lizardfish PIP Vireo flavoviridis Yellow-green Vireo PP Opsanus beta Gulf toadfish PIP Vireo gilvus Warbling Vireo PIP Strongylura marina Atlantic needlefish, silver gar PIP Vireo griseus White-eyed Vireo PIP Hemiramphus PIP Vireo olivaceus Red-eyed Vireo PIP brasiliensis ballyhoo Vireo philadelphicus Philadelphia Vireo PIP Atlantic silverstripe halfbeak, Blue-headed Vireo, Solitary PIP Hyporhamphus halfbeak, silverstripe PIP Vireo solitarius Vireo unifasciatus halfbeak Colaptes auratus Northern Flicker PIP Carcharhinus PIP Melanerpes aurifrons Golden-fronted Woodpecker PIP acronotus blacknose shark Melanerpes PIP Carcharhinus altimus bignose shark PIP erythrocephalus Red-headed Woodpecker Carcharhinus U Picoides scalaris Ladder-backed Woodpecker PIP brevipinna spinner shark Sphyrapicus varius Yellow-bellied Sapsucker PIP Carcharhinus isodon finetooth shark PIP Caprimulgus PIP PIP carolinensis Chuck-will's-widow Carcharhinus leucas bull shark PIP Caprimulgus vociferus Whip-poor-will PIP Carcharhinus limbatus blacktip shark Chordeiles acutipennis Lesser Nighthawk PIP Carcharhinus obscurus dusky shark PIP Chordeiles minor Common Nighthawk PIP Carcharhinus plumbeus sandbar shark PIP PP Nyctidromus albicollis Common Pauraque Carcharhinus signatus night shark PIP Phalaenoptilus nuttallii Common Poorwill PIP Galeocerdo cuvier tiger shark PIP Asio flammeus Short-eared Owl PIP Negaprion brevirostris lemon shark PIP Rhizoprionodon Athene cunicularia Burrowing Owl PIP PIP terraenovae Atlantic sharpnose shark Bubo virginianus Great Horned Owl PIP Sphyrna lewini scalloped hammerhead PIP Barn Owl, Common Barn- PIP PIP Tyto alba Owl Sphyrna tiburo bonnethead, shovelhead Gulf menhaden, largescale Park Status1 PIP Scientific Name Common Name Brevoortia patronus menhaden American gizzard shad, Fish eastern gizzard shad, gizzard U Albula vulpes bonefish U shad, hickory shad, mud Rhynchoconger flavus yellow conger U Dorosoma cepedianum shad, skipjack Gymnothorax Dorosoma petenense threadfin shad U PP nigromarginatus blackedge moray scaled herring, scaled PIP Myrophis punctatus speckled worm eel PIP Harengula jaguana sardine Opisthonema oglinum Atlantic thread herring PIP Membras martinica rough silverside PIP round sardinella, Spanish inland silverside, tidewater PIP PIP Sardinella aurita sardine Menidia beryllina silverside Menidia peninsulae tidewater silverside PIP

broad-striped anchovy, PIP Dasyatis say bluntnose stingray PIP Anchoa hepsetus striped anchovy Myliobatis aquila spotted eagle ray PIP dusky anchovy, shortfinger PIP Rhinoptera bonasus cownose ray PIP Anchoa lyolepis anchovy Atlantic bearded brotula, PP Anchoa mitchilli bay anchovy PIP Brotula barbata bearded brotula Anchoviella perfasciata flat anchovy, Poey's anchovy PIP Ophidion josephi crested cusk-eel PIP sheepshead minnow, Ginglymostoma PIP PIP Cyprinodon variegatus sheepshead pupfish cirratum nurse shark Fundulus grandis Gulf killifish PIP Caranx crysos blue runner PIP Caranx hippos crevalle jack PIP Fundulus similis longnose killifish PIP Caranx latus horse-eye jack PIP Lucania parva rainwater killifish PIP mosquitofish, western Chloroscombrus PIP PIP Gambusia affinis mosquitofish chrysurus Atlantic bumper Elops saurus ladyfish PIP Elagatis bipinnulata rainbow runner PIP Hemicaranx Megalops atlanticus tarpon PIP PIP amblyrhynchus bluntnose jack bluespotted cornetfish, E Fistularia tabacaria tobacco trumpetfish Oligoplites saurus leatherjack, leatherjacket PIP lined seahorse, spotted Selene setapinnis Atlantic moonfish PP PIP Hippocampus erectus seahorse Selene vomer lookdown PIP Seriola dumerili greater amberjack U dwarf seahorse, little PIP almaco jack, Pacific Hippocampus zosterae seahorse, pygmy seahorse PIP Seriola rivoliana amberjack Syngnathus affinis Texas pipefish PIP Trachinotus carolinus Florida pompano PIP Syngnathus floridae dusky pipefish PIP Trachinotus falcatus permit PIP Syngnathus fuscus northern pipefish PIP Trachinotus goodei palometa PIP Syngnathus louisianae chain pipefish PIP Centropomus U Syngnathus pelagicus sargassum pipefish PIP undecimalis common snook, snook Syngnathus scovelli Gulf pipefish PIP Chaetodon sedentarius reef butterflyfish E Carcharodon great white shark, white Coryphaena hippurus dolphin, dolphinfish PIP PIP carcharias shark Echeneis naucrates sharksucker PP Isurus oxyrinchus shortfin mako PIP Chaetodipterus faber Atlantic spadefish PIP Carcharias taurus sand tiger, sand tiger shark PIP Diapterus auratus Irish pompano PIP Halieutichthys E Eucinostomus aculeatus pancake batfish PIP argenteus spotfin mojarra black mullet, gray mullet, PIP Mugil cephalus striped mullet Eucinostomus gula silver jenny U Mugil curema silver mullet, white mullet PIP Gerres cinereus yellowfin mojarra PIP longfinned silverbiddy, clam cracker, roughtail PIP Dasyatis centroura stingray, stingaree longfinned silverbiddy, PIP Dasyatis sabina Atlantic stingray PIP Ulaema lefroyi mottled mojarra, mottled

mojarra Abudefduf saxatilis sergeant major PIP Pomatomus saltatrix bluefish PIP Rachycentron canadum cobia PIP Bollmannia communis ragged goby PP Ctenogobius Bairdiella chrysoura silver perch PIP PIP boleosoma darter goby Cynoscion arenarius sand seatrout PIP Ctenogobius PIP PIP Cynoscion nebulosus spotted seatrout smaragdus emerald goby Cynoscion nothus silver seatrout PIP Gobionellus hastatus highfin goby PIP Leiostomus xanthurus spot PIP Gobiosoma longipala twoscale goby PIP Menticirrhus jewsharp drummer, southern PIP Gobiosoma robustum code goby PIP americanus kingfish Conodon nobilis barred grunt PIP Menticirrhus littoralis Gulf kingfish PIP Orthopristis PIP chrysoptera pigfish Gulf minkfish, northern PIP Menticirrhus saxatilis kingfish Pomadasys crocro burro grunt PIP Micropogonias PIP undulatus Atlantic croaker Istiophorus albicans Atlantic sailfish U Pareques acuminatus high-hat E Atlantic sailfish, bayonet fish, U Pogonias cromis black drum PIP Istiophorus platypterus Indo-Pacific sailfish, sailfish Sciaenops ocellatus red drum PIP Atlantic blue marlin, blue U U Makaira nigricans marlin, Cuban black marlin Stellifer lanceolatus star drum Kyphosus sectator Bermuda sea chub PIP Umbrina coroides sand drum PIP PIP Acanthocybium U Lobotes surinamensis Atlantic tripletail, tripletail solandri wahoo Lutjanus analis mutton snapper U false albacore, little tuna, U schoolmaster, schoolmaster PIP Euthynnus alletteratus little tunny Lutjanus apodus snapper Arctic bonito, mushmouth, northern red snapper, red oceanic bonito, skipjack, U U Lutjanus campechanus snapper skipjack tuna, striped tuna, Lutjanus griseus gray snapper, grey snapper PIP Katsuwonus pelamis victor fish Lutjanus jocu dog snapper PIP Atlantic bonito, bloater, bone jack, Boston mackerel, U Caribbean red snapper, E Lutjanus purpureus southern red snapper Sarda sarda common bonito Scomberomorus PIP U Lutjanus synagris lane snapper cavalla king mackerel Ocyurus chrysurus yellowtail snapper U Scomberomorus Atlantic Spanish mackerel, Rhomboplites PIP U maculatus Spanish mackerel aurorubens vermilion snapper Polydactylus PIP PIP octonemus Atlantic threadfin Scomberomorus regalis cero, painted mackerel Pomacanthus paru French angelfish PIP Thunnus albacares yellowfin tuna U

Thunnus atlanticus blackfin tuna U Rhinobatos PIP Atlantic bluefin tuna, bluefin lentiginosus Atlantic guitarfish tuna, horse mackerel, U Scorpaena calcarata smoothhead scorpionfish E Thunnus thynnus northern bluefin tuna E Epinephelus Prionotus paralatus Mexican searobin U adscensionis rock hind Prionotus pectoralis North American searobin E Epinephelus striatus Nassau grouper U blackfin searobin, blackwing E Mycteroperca bonaci black grouper U Prionotus rubio searobin Mycteroperca U PIP interstitialis yellowmouth grouper Prionotus tribulus bighead searobin Mycteroperca Ariopsis felis Hardhead catfish PIP U microlepis charcoal belly, gag Bagre marinus gafftopsail catfish PIP Archosargus PIP probatocephalus sheepshead Balistes capriscus gray triggerfish PIP burrfish, porcupinefish, Lagodon rhomboides pinfish PIP PIP Chilomycterus schoepfii striped burrfish U sharptail mola, sharptail Sphyraena barracuda great barracuda PIP Sphyraena borealis northern sennet PIP Masturus lanceolatus sunfish Aluterus schoepfii orange filefish PIP Sphyraena guachancho guaguanche PIP PIP Peprilus burti Gulf butterfish PIP Stephanolepis hispida planehead filefish Lagocephalus Peprilus triacanthus butterfish E E laevigatus smooth puffer Atlantic cutlassfish, Australian hairtail, largehead PIP Sphoeroides parvus least puffer PIP Trichiurus lepturus hairtail Narcine brasiliensis lesser electric ray U Astroscopus y-graecum southern stargazer PIP Scientific Name Common Name Park Status1 Xiphias gladius broadbill, swordfish U Mammals Achirus lineatus lined sole PIP aurochs, domestic cattle H Symphurus civitatium offshore tonguefish E Bos taurus (feral), domesticated cattle Symphurus plagiusa blackcheek tonguefish PIP Boselaphus PIP Gulf of Mexico ocellated tragocamelus nilgai E Ancylopsetta ommata flounder Odocoileus virginianus white-tailed deer PIP Citharichthys PIP Sus scrofa pig, pig (feral), wild boar E spilopterus bay whiff Pecari tajacu collared peccary, javelina E Etropus crossotus fringed flounder PIP Canis latrans coyote PIP Paralichthys albigutta Gulf flounder U Canis lupus familiaris X Paralichthys H PIP latrans gray wolf lethostigma southern flounder Canis rufus red wolf H Paralichthys PIP urocyon squamilentus broad flounder PIP cinereoargenteus common gray fox, gray fox common sawfish, largetooth PIP Felis catus domestic cat E Pristis pristis sawfish, sawfish Leopardus pardalis ocelot U Raja texana roundel skate U Lynx rufus bobcat PP

U long-snouted spinner Panthera onca jaguar PIP Puma concolor mountain lion, puma U Stenella longirostris dolphin, spinner dolphin Steno bredanensis rough-toothed dolphin PP Conepatus leuconotus eastern hog-nosed skunk U bottlenose dolphin, Mephitis mephitis striped skunk U PIP Tursiops truncatus bottlenosed dolphin eastern spotted skunk, U Kogia breviceps pygmy sperm whale PP Spilogale putorius spotted skunk Kogia sima dwarf sperm whale PP Taxidea taxus American badger, badger PIP Physeter PP macrocephalus sperm whale Caribbean monk seal, West FR Monachus tropicalis Indian monk seal Blainville's beaked whale, Mesoplodon dense-beaked whale, PP PP Nasua narica white-nosed coati densirostris densebeak whale common raccoon, northern PIP Procyon lotor raccoon, raccoon Gervais' beaked whale, PIP Mesoplodon europaeus Gervais's beaked whale PP Balaena glacialis North Atlantic Right Whale Cuvier's beaked whale, Balaenoptera minke whale, northern minke PP goose-beaked whale, E acutorostrata whale Ziphius cavirostris goosebeak whale Balaenoptera brydei Bryde's whale PP Tadarida brasiliensis Brazilian free-tailed bat PIP Balaenoptera musculus blue whale U Lasiurus borealis eastern red bat, red bat E E E Lasiurus cinereus hoary bat Balaenoptera physalus fin whale, finback whale Lasiurus intermedius northern yellow bat U Megaptera E Lasiurus seminolus Seminole bat E novaeangliae humpback whale Nycticeius humeralis evening bat E common dolphin, saddle- backed dolphin, short- Pipistrellus subflavus eastern pipistrelle PP beaked common dolphin, Didelphis virginiana Virginia opossum PP FR short-beaked saddle-backed bee shrew, least shrew, little dolphin, short-beaked short-tailed shrew, small E Delphinus delphis saddleback dolphin Cryptotis parva short-tailed shrew Feresa attenuata pygmy killer whale PP Scalopus aquaticus eastern mole, topos PIP Globicephala PIP black-tailed jack rabbit, PIP macrorhynchus short-finned pilot whale Lepus californicus black-tailed jackrabbit Grampus griseus grampus, Risso's dolphin PP Sylvilagus floridanus eastern cottontail U Orcinus orca killer whale, orca PIP Equus caballus horse, horse (feral) H Peponocephala electra melon-headed whale PP Myocastor coypus coypu, nutria E Pseudorca crassidens false killer whale PP Geomys personatus Texas pocket gopher PIP Stenella attenuata pantropical spotted dolphin PIP Chaetodipus hispidus hispid pocket mouse H Clymene dolphin, short- PIP Dipodomys compactus Gulf Coast kangaroo rat PIP Stenella clymene snouted spinner dolphin Perognathus merriami Merriam's pocket mouse H Stenella coeruleoalba striped dolphin PP Baiomys taylori northern pygmy mouse PIP Stenella frontalis Atlantic spotted dolphin PIP Mus musculus house mouse PIP

Elaphe obsoleta Neotoma micropus southern plains woodrat FR U lindheimerii Texas Rat Snake Ondatra zibethicus muskbeaver, muskrat E Onychomys Heterodon platirhinos Eastern Hog-nosed Snake PIP PIP leucogaster northern grasshopper mouse Lampropeltis PIP Coues' rice rat, Coues's rice E triangulum annulata Mexican Milk Snake Oryzomys couesi rat Masticophis flagellum PIP Oryzomys palustris marsh rice rat PIP testaceus Western Coachwhip Peromyscus leucopus white-footed mouse E Natrix fasciata clarki gulf salt marsh snake U Peromyscus Natrix rhombifer E U maniculatus deer mouse rhombifer daimond-backed water snake Rattus norvegicus Norway rat U Nerodia rhombifer Diamondback Water Snake PIP Rattus rattus black rat PIP U Reithrodontomys Sonora episcopa taylori Sonoran ground snake PIP fulvescens fulvous harvest mouse Tantilla gracilis Flat-headed Snake PIP Sigmodon hispidus hispid cotton rat PIP Thamnophis marcianus Checkered Garter Snake PIP eastern fox squirrel, fox Thamnophis marcianus E PIP Sciurus niger squirrel marcianus Checkered Garter Snake Spermophilus Thamnophis proximus FR PIP mexicanus Mexican ground squirrel orarius Gulf Coast Ribbon Snake Spermophilus Tropidoclonion PIP U spilosoma spotted ground squirrel lineatum Lined Snake Antillean manatee, Mediterranean Gekko, Caribbean manatee, Florida PIP E Hemidactylus turcicus Mediterranean House Gecko manatee, manatee, West Leptotyphlops dulcis U Trichechus manatus Indian manatee dulcis Plains Blind Snake Southern Earless Lizard, long-nosed armadillo, nine- PIP Dasypus novemcinctus banded armadillo Holbrookia lacerata Southern Spot-tailed Earless U subcaudalis Lizard Scientific Name Common Name Park Status1 Keel-scaled Earless Lizard, Reptiles Keeled Earless Lizard, PIP alligator, American Alligator, Holbrookia propinqua Northern Keeled Earless Florida alligator, gator, propinqua Lizard PIP Alligator Louisiana alligator, Phrynosoma cornutum Texas Horned Lizard H mississippiensis Mississippi alligator Anolis carolinensis Green Anole U Ophisaurus attenuatus Slender Glass Lizard PIP Eumeces obsoletus Great Plains Skink PIP Arizona elegans PIP Lygosoma laterale Ground skink U arenicola Texas Glossy Snake Ground Skink, Little Brown Cemophora coccinea PIP PIP Scincella lateralis Skink lineri Texas Scarlet Snake Aspidoscelis PIP Coluber constrictor Racer PIP sexlineatus six-lined Racerunner Drymarchon corais U H Cnemidophorus gularis Texas Spotted Whiptail erebennus Texas Indigo Snake Elaphe emoryi Great Plains Rattlesnake PIP

Agkistrodon piscivorus PIP Cuman ragweed, perennial PIP leucostoma Western Cottonmouth Ambrosia psilostachya ragweed, western ragweed Western Diamond-backed Amphiachyris common broomweed, prairie PIP Rattlesnake, Western PIP dracunculoides broomweed Crotalus atrox Diamondback Rattlesnake Aphanostephus PIP Sistrurus catenatus Massasauga PIP skirrhobasis Arkansas dozedaisy Loggerhead, loggerhead sea PIP Aphanostephus Caretta caretta turtle skirrhobasis var. PIP thalassius Arkansas dozedaisy Chelonia mydas mydas Atlantic green turtle U Roosevelt-weed, Atlantic hawksbill, Atlantic PIP Baccharis neglecta Rooseveltweed Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Seaturtle, Atlantic U imbricata hawksbill turtle Great Plains false willow, Great Plains falsewillow, U Lepidochelys kempi Kemp's Ridley sea turtle PIP Baccharis salicina willow baccharis Chelydra serpentina PIP serpentina Common Snapping Turtle bushy seaoxeye, bushy PIP Dermochelys coriacea Borrichia frutescens seaside tansy U coriacea Leatherback Turtle American basketflower, American star thistle, PIP Malaclemys terrapin U littoralis Texas Diamondback Terripin Centaurea americana American star-thistle Trachemys scripta devilweed aster, Mexican PIP elegans Red-eared Slider devilweed, spiny aster, spiny PIP Chloracantha spinosa chloracantha U Kinosternon flavescens Yellow Mud Turtle Chrysopsis pilosa soft goldenaster PIP Berlandier's tortoise, Texas FR Cirsium horridulum yellow thistle PIP Gopherus berlandieri Tortoise Cirsium horridulum var. PIP Scientific Name Common Name Park Status1 elliottii Yellow thistle Vascular Plants Cirsium texanum Texas thistle PIP upright burhead, upright Conoclinium PIP PIP Echinodorus berteroi burrhead betonicifolium betonyleaf thoroughwort Centella erecta erect centella PIP Canada horseweed, Hydrocotyle Canadian horseweed, PIP bonariensis largeleaf pennywort horseweed, horseweed PIP fleabane, mares tail, manyflower marshpennywort, PIP Conyza canadensis marestail Hydrocotyle umbellata umbrella pennyroyal branching conyza, dwarf U Manicaria saccifera Sea coconut, golf ball FR Conyza ramosissima horseweed Obignyas cohune Palm tree FR golden tickseed, plains PIP annual ragweed, common Coreopsis tinctoria coreopsis, plains tickseed ragweed, low ragweed, goldenweed, slender PIP ragweed, Roman wormwood, PIP Croptilon divaricatum scratchdaisy short ragweed, small Croptilon rigidifolium stiffleaf scratchdaisy PIP Ambrosia artemisiifolia ragweed Dyssodia pentachaeta Five-needle pricklyleaf PIP

Dyssodia tenuiloba Bristleleaf dogweed PIP Krigia occidentalis western dwarfdandelion PIP eclipta, false daisy, yerba de PIP pinkscale blazing star, PP Eclipta prostrata tago, yerba de tajo Liatris elegans pinkscale gayfeather Erigeron procumbens Corpus Christi fleabane PIP Liatris elegans var. pinkscale blazing star, Eupatorium dogfennel eupatorium, U PIP elegans pinkscale gayfeather compositifolium yankeeweed Machaeranthera PIP Euthamia leptocephala bushy goldentop PIP phyllocephala camphor daisy sand palafox, showy spring pygmy-cudweed, PIP PIP Evax verna spring pygmycudweed Palafoxia hookeriana palafoxia Palafoxia rosea var. Flaveria brownii Brown's yellowtops PIP U rosea rosy palafox lanceleaf blanketflower, PIP PIP Gaillardia aestivalis lanceleaf gaillardia Palafoxia texana Texas palafox Palafoxia texana var. firewheel, Indian blanket, PIP Indianblanket, rosering PIP ambigua Texas palafox Gaillardia pulchella gaillardia Pluchea purpurascens sweetscent PIP Gamochaeta falcata narrowleaf purple everlasting PIP naked Mexicanhat, naked PIP Gamochaeta PIP Ratibida peduncularis prairie coneflower pensylvanica Pennsylvania everlasting Rudbeckia hirta var. Texas broomweed, Texas PIP PIP angustifolia blackeyed Susan Gutierrezia texana snakeweed Rudbeckia hirta var. Helenium amarum var. PIP PIP pulcherrima blackeyed Susan amarum yellowdicks annual sunflower, common Riddell groundsel, Riddell PIP sunflower, sunflower, wild PIP ragwort, Riddell's ragwort, Helianthus annuus sunflower Senecio riddellii Sand groundsel Helianthus argophyllus silverleaf sunflower PIP Solidago odora var. PIP Helianthus debilis cucumberleaf sunflower PIP odora anisescented goldenrod Solidago sempervirens seaside goldenrod PIP Helianthus debilis ssp. PIP cucumerifolius cucumberleaf sunflower Helianthus praecox perennial sowthistle, prickly PIP PIP ssp. runyonii Runyon's sunflower sowthistle, spiny sowthistle, Heterotheca Sonchus asper spiny-leaf sow-thistle PIP subaxillaris camphorweed, golden aster annual sowthistle, common narrowleaf marshelder, PIP sow-thistle, common PIP Iva angustifolia Narrowleaf sumpweed sowthistle, pualele, sow annual marsh-elder, annual Sonchus oleraceus thistle, sow-thistle marshelder, seacoast PIP Iva annua sumpweed Symphyotrichum southern annual saltmarsh PIP Iva imbricata seacoast marshelder PIP divaricatum aster Symphyotrichum eastern annual saltmarsh narrowleaf sumpweed, Texas PIP PIP Iva texensis marshelder subulatum aster

Tetragonotheca Sesuvium PIP PIP repanda showy nerveray portulacastrum shoreline seapurslane Sesuvium greenthread, plains U greenthread, stiff PIP trianthemoides Texas seapurslane Thelesperma filifolium greenthread sea purslane, verrucose seapurslane, verrucose PIP PIP seapurslane, western Thelesperma nuecense Rio Grande greenthread Sesuvium verrucosum seapurslane Verbesina encelioides golden crownbeard PIP desert horse-purslane, desert Trianthema horsepurslane, horse PIP portulacastrum purslane cocklebur, cockleburr, PIP common cocklebur, rough sandhill amaranth, torrey PIP Xanthium strumarium cocklebur, rough cockleburr Amaranthus arenicola amaranth Batis maritima saltwort, turtleweed PIP Amaranthus blitum ssp. emarginatus var. PIP clasping bellwort, clasping pseudogracilis Purple amaranth Venus' looking-glass, clasping Venus' lookingglass, Amaranthus greggii Gregg's amaranth PIP clasping venuslookingglass, Amaranthus PIP PIP clasping-leaf venus'-looking- polygonoides tropical amaranth glass, common Venus' Amaranthus viridis slender amaranth PIP lookingglass, roundleaved PIP Triodanis perfoliata triodanis, Venus lookingglass Blutaparon vermiculare silverhead Scaevola plumieri gullfeed PIP Celosia nitida West Indian cock's comb PIP Cakile edentula American searocket U Drummond's snakecotton, PIP Cakile geniculata gulf searocket PIP Froelichia drummondii Snake cotton Cakile lanceolata ssp. cottonweed, field PIP pseudoconstricta coastal searocket snakecotton, Florida PIP snakecotton, plains hairypod pepperweed, PIP Froelichia floridana snakecotton, prairie froelichia Lepidium lasiocarpum shaggyfruit pepperweed Froelichia floridana var. PIP Lepidium lasiocarpum Wright pepperweed, Wright's PIP floridana plains snakecotton var. wrightii pepperweed honeymat, woolly peppergrass, poorman tidestromia, wooly PIP pepperweed, poorman's Tidestromia lanuginosa tidestromia pepper, poorman's- PIP Opuntia engelmannii Texas prickly pear, Texas pepperwort, Virginia PIP var. lindheimeri pricklypear pepperweed, Virginian Opuntia humifusa var. Lepidium virginicum peppercress PIP humifusa devil's-tongue, pricklypear Rorippa nasturtium- PIP aquaticum watercress Opuntia macrorhiza bigflower pricklypear, PIP Polanisia erosa ssp. var. macrorhiza twistspine pricklypear PIP breviglandulosa large clammyweed Opuntia stricta erect pricklypear PIP Sesuvium maritimum slender seapurslane PIP

erect dayflower, whitemouth catchfly, sleepy campion, PIP PIP Commelina erecta dayflower Silene antirrhina sleepy catchfly, sleepy silene Commelina erecta var. PIP Spergularia PIP angustifolia whitemouth dayflower echinosperma bristleseed sandspurry Commelina erecta var. PIP erecta whitemouth dayflower Spergularia marina Saltmarsh sandspurry PIP Tradescantia humilis Texas spiderwort PIP Atriplex arenaria Crested saltbush PIP Atriplex matamorensis Matamoros saltbush PIP Xyris jupicai Richard's yelloweyed grass PIP Atriplex pentandra crested saltbush PIP Cyperus croceus Baldwin's flatsedge PIP Atriplex texana Texas saltbush PIP Cyperus echinatus globe flatsedge PIP common lambsquarters, chufa, chufa flatsedge, lambsquarters, PIP yellow nutgrass, yellow PIP lambsquarters goosefoot, Cyperus esculentus nutsedge Chenopodium album white goosefoot Cyperus haspan haspan flatsedge PIP Chenopodium PIP Cyperus polystachyos manyspike flatsedge PIP ambrosioides Mexican tea, Mexican-tea netseed lambsquarters, Cyperus PIP Chenopodium pigseed goosefoot, pit-seed PIP pseudothyrsiflorus One-flower flatsedge Cyperus retroflexus berlandieri goosefoot, pitseed goosefoot PIP var. retroflexus One-flower flatsedge Salicornia bigelovii dwarf saltwort PIP Salicornia virginica Virginia glasswort PIP Cyperus retrorsus pine barren flatsedge PIP Suaeda conferta beach seepweed PIP chaguan humatag, cocograss, kili'o'opu, annual seepweed PIP PIP Suaeda linearis nutgrass, pakopako, purple Suaeda tampicensis coastal seepweed PIP Cyperus rotundus nutsedge Cyperus squarrosus carpetweed, green PIP PIP Mollugo verticillata carpetweed var. squarrosus Bearded flatsedge PIP Boerhavia coccinea scarlet spiderling PIP Cyperus surinamensis tropical flatsedge Boerhavia diffusa red spiderling PP Eleocharis albida white spikerush PIP Eleocharis mountain four-o'clock, white PIP four o'clock, white four- PIP atropurpurea purple spikerush Mirabilis albida o'clock, white fouroclock Gulf Coast spikerush, PIP Phytolacca americana PIP Eleocharis cellulosa Gulfcoast spikesedge var. americana American pokeweed Eleocharis flavescens Portulaca oleracea ssp. PIP PIP var. flavescens yellow spikerush oleracea little hogweed Eleocharis geniculata Canada spikesedge PIP chisme, kiss me quick, kiss- PIP Portulaca pilosa me-quick Eleocharis interstincta knotted spikerush PIP Eleocharis minima var. prairie flameflower, PIP PIP Talinum parviflorum sunbright, sunbright talinum minima Small spikerush Eleocharis Calatola costaricensis Haguey, Jaguey FR PIP montevidensis sand spikerush

dwarf spikerush, dwarf flaxgrass, oatgrass, wheat spikesedge, little-head spike- PIP PIP Avena fatua oats, wild oat, wild oats Eleocharis parvula rush, little-head spikerush Avena fatua var. sativa Common oats PP Fimbristylis caroliniana Carolina fimbry PIP marsh fimbry, saltmarsh Bothriochloa barbinodis PIP PIP Fimbristylis castanea fimbristylis var. barbinodis cane bluestem southern umbrella-sedge, Bothriochloa PIP Fuirena scirpoidea southern umbrellasedge ischaemum var. king ranch bluestem, yellow PIP songarica bluestem western umbrella-sedge, PIP Fuirena simplex western umbrellasedge Bothriochloa laguroides silver beardgrass, silver PIP dwarf bulrush, small-flower ssp. torreyana bluestem halfchaff sedge, smallflower PIP rescue brome, rescue grass, PIP halfchaff sedge, smallflower Bromus catharticus rescuegras, rescuegrass Lipocarpha micrantha hemicarpha burgrass, common sandbur, Rhynchospora colorata starrush whitetop PIP field sandbur, konpeito-gusa, PIP American bulrush, sandburr, se mbulabula, Schoenoplectus chairmaker's bulrush, Olney PIP Cenchrus echinatus southern sandbur, vao tui tui americanus bulrush, Schoenoplectus Cenchrus spinifex coastal sandbur PIP Schoenoplectus PIP erectus ssp. raynalii sharpscale bulrush Chloris slimspike wind millgrass, PP Schoenoplectus andropogonoides slimspike windmill grass Chloris canterai var. pungens var. PIP PIP longispicatus common threesquare canterai Paraguayan windmill grass Schoenoplectus PIP hooded windmill grass, PIP pungens var. pungens common threesquare Chloris cucullata hooded windmillgrass Schoenoplectus PIP Chloris gayana Rhodes grass, rhodesgrass PIP saximontanus Rocky Mountain bulrush Chloris polydactyla Tall windmillgrass FR big bluestem, bluejoint, PIP tumble windmill grass, Andropogon gerardii turkeyfoot Tumble Windmillgrass, PIP Andropogon PIP Chloris verticillata windmillgrass glomeratus bushy bluestem Cynodon dactylon var. Andropogon ternarius splitbeard bluestem PIP PIP dactylon bermudagrass broomsedge, broomsedge PIP crowfoot grass, Durban Andropogon virginicus bluestem, yellow bluestem Dactyloctenium crowsfoot grass, Egyptian PIP aegyptium grass Aristida longispica var. red threeawn, slimspike PIP geniculata threeawn kleberg bluestem, Kleberg's PIP Oldfield (Prairie) 3-awn, Dichanthium annulatum bluestem oldfield threeawn, prairie PIP PP Aristida oligantha threeawn Dichanthium aristatum Angleton bluestem Aristida purpurea var. PIP green sprangletop, sand PIP purpurea purple threeawn Digitaria arenicola crabgrass, sand witchgrass Arundo donax giant reed, giantreed PIP Digitaria bicornis Asian crabgrass PIP

ssp. mucronata Carolina cottontop, Carolina PIP Digitaria cognata crabgrass italian ryegrass, perennial rye PIP Crabgrass, hairy crab grass, Lolium perenne grass, perennial ryegrass hairy crabgrass, large PIP Monanthochloe littoralis shoregrass PIP crabgrass, purple crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis redhair crabgrass Muhlenbergia capillaris hairawn muhly PIP Digitaria texana Texas crabgrass PIP Texas tussockgrass, Texas PIP desert saltgrass, inland Nassella leucotricha wintergrass saltgrass, marsh spikegrass, PIP Panicum aciculare var. PIP Distichlis spicata saltgrass, seashore saltgrass angustifolium Needleleaf witchgrass Panicum acuminatum Echinochloa crus-galli PIP PIP var. crus-galli large barnyardgrass var. acuminatum Tapered rosette grass bitter panicgrass, bitter Echinochloa crus- gulf cock's-spur grass, gulf PIP PIP Panicum amarum panicum pavonis cockspur grass Panicum amarum var. coast cockspur, coast PIP amarulum bitter panicgrass cockspur grass, walter's PIP Echinochloa walteri barnyard grass Panicum capillarioides slender panicgrass PIP Eragrostis barrelieri Mediterranean lovegrass PIP Panicum nodatum Sarita witchgrass PIP Eragrostis capillaris lace grass, lacegrass PIP Panicum oligosanthes Heller’s witchgrass PIP Eragrostis Panicum portoricense Hemlock witchgrass PIP PIP curtipedicellata gummy lovegrass Panicum PIP Eragrostis intermedia sphaerocarpon Roundfruit panicgrass PIP var. intermedia Plains lovegrass old switch panic grass, Eragrostis lugens mourning lovegrass PIP PIP Panicum virgatum switchgrass purple love grass, purple Parapholis incurva curved sicklegrass PIP lovegrass, spreading PIP dallas grass, dallis grass, Eragrostis pectinacea lovegrass, tufted lovegrass dallisgrass, herbe de miel, Eragrostis secundiflora PIP PIP herbe sirop, hiku nua, ssp. oxylepis red lovegrass Paspalum dilatatum palpalum dilate, water grass Eragrostis sessilispica tumble lovegrass PIP Paspalum PIP petticoat-climber, purple PIP monostachyum gulfdune paspalum Eragrostis spectabilis lovegrass Paspalum plicatulum brownseed paspalum PIP fringeleaf paspalum, sand Eustachys petraea pinewoods fingergrass PIP paspalum, slender crown PIP Hordeum pusillum little barley, little wildbarley PIP Paspalum setaceum grass, thin paspalum Paspalum vaginatum seashore paspalum PIP PIP Leersia hexandra southern cutgrass Pennisetum ciliare buffelgrass PIP green spangletop, green PIP Pennisetum glaucum Yellow foxtail PIP Leptochloa dubia sprangletop PIP Leptochloa fusca ssp. Phragmites australis common reed PIP fascicularis bearded sprangletop annual rabbit's-foot grass, Polypogon annual rabbitsfoot grass, PIP PIP Leptochloa panicea mucronate sprangletop monspeliensis rabbit'sfootgrass, rabbitfoot

beardgrass, rabbitfoot grass, pink fluff grass, pink PIP rabbitfoot polypogon, Tridens congestus fluffgrass rabbitfootgrass purple sand grass, purple PIP Schedonnardus tumble grass, tumbleggrass, PIP Triplasis purpurea sandgrass paniculatus tumblegrass Uniola paniculata seaoats PIP Schizachyrium littorale shore little bluestem PIP almejita signalgrass, fringed, PIP Schizachyrium PIP Urochloa ciliatissima fringed signalgrass little bluestem scoparium PIP bristlegrass, Plains Urochloa texana Texas signalgrass bristlegrass, streambed Vaseyochloa PIP PIP bristlegrass, yellow multinervosa Texasgrass Setaria leucopila bristlegrass, yellow foxtail eight-flower six-weeks grass, Setaria macrostachya Plains bristlegrass PIP pullout grass, sixweeks PIP knotroot bristlegrass, marsh Vulpia octoflora fescue, sixweeks grass bristle grass, marsh PIP FR bristlegrass, yellow Mastichodendron capiri Tempesque Setaria parviflora bristlegrass Acalypha radians cardinal's feather PIP Indiangrass, yellow indian- PIP Chamaesyce PIP Sorghastrum nutans grass ammannioides Roadside weed aleppo milletgrass, herbe de Chamaesyce cordifolia heartleaf sandmat PIP Cuba, Johnson grass, large spurge, spotted PIP Johnsongrass, sorgho PIP Chamaesyce maculata sandmat, spotted spurge d'Alep, sorgo de alepo, matted sandmat, serpent PIP Sorghum halepense zacate Johnson Chamaesyce serpens spurge Cnidoscolus texanus bullnettle, Texas bullnettle PIP Atlantic cordgrass, saltmarsh PIP Spartina alterniflora cordgrass, smooth cordgrass healing croton, silverleaf PIP marshhay cordgrass, salt Croton argyranthemus croton meadow cordgrass, PIP doveweed, hogweed, Spartina patens saltmeadow cordgrass hogwort, woolly croton, wooly PIP Spartina spartinae gulf cordgrass PIP Croton capitatus croton Croton coryi Cory's croton PIP prairie wedgegrass, prairie PIP Sphenopholis obtusata wedgescale Croton glandulosus vente conmigo PIP Sporobolus airoides PIP ssp. airoides Alkali sacaton Croton glandulosus var. PIP pubentissimus vente conmigo PIP Sporobolus cryptandrus sand dropseed oneseeded croton, prairie PIP Sporobolus Croton monanthogynus tea, prairie-tea PIP pyramidatus whorled dropseed Croton parksii Parks' croton PIP Sporobolus tharpii Tharp's dropseed PIP Croton punctatus gulf croton PIP PIP Sporobolus virginicus seashore dropseed flowering spurge, PIP Trichloris pluriflora Mulit-flower false Rhodes PIP Euphorbia corollata floweringspurge euphorbia Trichoneura elegans Silveus' grass PIP Euphorbia innocua velvet spurge PIP

Hippomane mancinella manchineel FR Woolly dalea, woolly prairie abnormis leaflower, clover, woolly prairie-clover, PIP Drummond's leaf-flower, PIP wooly dalea, wooly Phyllanthus abnormis Drummond's leafflower Dalea lanata prairieclover knotweed leaflower, Dalea obovata pussyfoot PIP Phyllanthus smartweed leaf-flower, PIP bearded dalea, bearded polygonoides smartweed leafflower prairie clover, bearded PIP birdseed leaf-flower, PIP Dalea pogonathera prairieclover Phyllanthus pudens birdseed leafflower Desmanthus virgatus PIP var. depressus wild tantan queen's-delight, queens PIP Stillingia sylvatica delight, Queensdelight Dioclea reflexa Sea purse FR aroma, Ellington curse, Entada gigas nicker bean FR huisache, kandaroma, klu, eastern coralbean, PP PIP Klu bush, popinac, sweet Erythrina herbacea redcardinal Acacia farnesiana acacia, texas huisache Galactia canescens hoary milkpea PIP Aeschynomene PIP PIP Galactia marginalis edible milkpea viscidula sticky jointvetch Astragalus brazoensis Brazos milkvetch PIP Glottidium vesicarium bagpod PIP

rare loco milkvetch, slimpod PIP coastal indigo, western PIP Astragalus leptocarpus milkvetch Indigofera miniata indigo Indigofera miniata var. PIP Baptisia bracteata var. PIP leptosepala western indigo laevicaulis longbract wild indigo Indigofera suffruticosa anil de pasto, indigobush PIP Baptisia bracteata var. PIP leucophaea longbract wild indigo koa haole, lead tree, white PIP Caesalpinia bonduc yellow nicker FR Leucaena leucocephala leadtree Canavalia rosea baybean PIP bur clover, burclover, California burclover, toothed PIP Centrosema butterflypea, spurred butterfly PIP Medicago polymorpha medick virginianum pea Melilotus albus White sweet clover PIP

Chamaecrista partridge pea, Showy PIP annual yellow sweetclover, PIP fasciculata partridgepea, sleepingplant Melilotus indicus Indian sweet-clover

Atlantic pigeonwings, PIP Kairn's sensitive-briar, PIP Clitoria mariana pidgeonwings Mimosa latidens Mimosa latidens herbaceous mimosa, Crotalaria purshii Pursh's rattlebox PIP PIP arrow crotalaria, arrowhead Mimosa strigillosa powderpuff PIP Crotalaria sagittalis rattlebox Mucuna nigricans Black jade vine FR Dalbergia Mucuna sloanea Horseeye bean FR FR escastaphyllum coinvine Neptunia lutea yellow neptunia, yellow puff PIP

wedgeleaf prairie clover, PIP PIP Dalea emarginata wedgeleaf prairieclover Neptunia pubescens tropical neptunia, tropical puff

Jerusalem thorn, Jerusalem- catchfly prairie gentian, thorn, Mexican palo verde, PIP catchfly prairie-gentian, PIP Parkinsonia aculeata retama Eustoma exaltatum catchfly prairiegentian Pediomelum Gulf Indian breadroot, PIP sand rose gentian, sand PIP rhombifolium roundleaf scurfpea Sabatia arenicola rosegentian Prosopis glandulosa honey mesquite PIP meadow pink, Prairie rose Rhynchosia americana American snoutbean PIP PIP Sabatia campestris gentian, Texas star Rhynchosia minima least snoutbean PIP Oxalis dillenii Dillen's oxalis PIP Rhynchosia reniformis dollarleaf U drummond woodsorrel, PIP Rhynchosia senna var. rosary bean, Texas PIP Oxalis drummondii Drummond's woodsorrel texana snoutbean PIP Sesbania drummondii poisonbean PIP Halophila engelmannii Engelmann's seagrass Thalassia testudinum Turtle grass PIP bigpod sesbania, hemp PIP Carya aquatica water hickory FR Sesbania herbacea sesbania, peatree Carya illinoinensis pecan FR yellow necklacepod, yellow PIP FR Sophora tomentosa sophora Juglans cinerea butternut FR trailing fuzzybean, trailing PIP Juglans nigra black walnut Strophostyles helvula wild-bean, Trailing wildbean PIP slick-seed fuzzy-bean, Juncus acuminatus sharp-fruit rush, tapertip rush Strophostyles slickseed fuzzybean, PIP Juncus brachycarpus whiteroot rush PIP leiosperma Smoothseed wildbean Juncus bufonius toad rush PIP Stylosanthes viscosa poorman's friend PIP Juncus marginatus grassleaf rush PIP deerpea vetch, Louisiana PIP Juncus megacephalus bighead rush PIP Vicia ludoviciana vetch, slim vetch Juncus roemerianus needlegrass rush PIP Vicia ludoviciana ssp. leavenworth vetch, PIP Juncus scirpoides needlepod rush PIP leavenworthii Leavenworth's vetch Juncus validus roundhead rush PIP Vigna luteola deer pea, hairypod cowpea PIP bindweed heliotrope, phlox Zornia bracteata viperina PIP Heliotropium heliotrope, phlox heliotrophe, PIP Quercus minima dwarf live oak PIP convolvulaceum wide-flower heliotrope Quercus virginiana live oak PIP Heliotropium curassavicum var. PIP Asclepias emoryi Emory's milkweed PIP curassavicum salt heliotrope Asclepias Heliotropium PIP PIP oenotheroides zizotes milkweed racemosum coastalplain heliotrope green antelopehorn milkweed, green comet PIP Monarda punctata var. PIP Asclepias viridiflora milkweed, green milkweed lasiodonta spotted beebalm Scutellaria drummondii Drummond's skullcap PIP Cynanchum gulf coast swallow-wort, Gulf PIP Scutellaria muriculata Rio Grande skullcap PIP angustifolium coast swallowwort Teucrium cubense var. Cuban germander, small PIP cubense coastal germander

Avicennia germinans black mangrove PIP Malvastrum PIP Glandularia americanum Indian Valley false mallow bipinnatifida var. Dakota mock vervain, Dakota PIP bipinnatifida verbena Malvastrum PIP coromandelianum threelobe false mallow Glandularia Sida ciliaris var. PIP PP bipinnatifida var. ciliata Davis mountain mock verain mexicana Mexican fringed fanpetals Lantana camara lantana, largeleaf lantana PIP Sida cordifolia llima PIP West Indian shrubverbena, PIP Sida lindheimeri showy fanpetals PIP Lantana urticoides western lantana frog fruit, lanceleaf fogfruit, PIP Sida spinosa prickly fanpetals, prickly sida lanceleaf frog fruit, northern PIP Sphaeralcea Phyla lanceolata fogfruit PIP lindheimeri woolly globemallow frog fruit, sawtooth fogfruit, turkey tangle, turkey tangle PIP Heriticera littoralis Looking glass tree FR Phyla nodiflora fogfruit Morella cerifera wax myrtle, waxmyrtle PIP false kamani, india almond, slender verbena, Texas PIP Indian almond, troipical FR Verbena halei verbena, Texas vervain Terminalia catappa almond, tropical almond Hernandia sonora mago FR purple ammannia, valley PIP Persea borbonia redbay PIP Ammannia coccinea redstem Ammannia latifolia pink redstem PIP buckley yucca, Buckley's PIP Lythrum alatum var. Yucca constricta yucca PIP Don Quixote's lace, trecul lanceolatum winged lythrum PIP Yucca treculeana yucca Lythrum californicum California loosestrife PIP Alophia drummondii propeller flower PIP lowland rotala, lowland PIP Rotala ramosior toothcup, rotala wiry blue-eyed grass, wiry PIP Sisyrinchium biforme blueeyed grass Calylophus berlandieri PIP ssp. pinifolius Berlandier's sundrops Sisyrinchium spearbract blue-eyed grass, PIP sagittiferum spearbract blueeyed grass halfshrub calylophus, halfshrub sundrop, PIP evening rainlily, Texas PIP serrateleaf eveningprimrose, Cooperia drummondii rainlilly Calylophus serrulatus yellow sundrops Nothoscordum bivalve crowpoison PIP Gaura longiflora longflower beeblossom PIP Sacoglottis amazonica FR smallflowered gaura, martius Blister pod velvetweed, velvety gaura, PIP Linum alatum winged flax PIP Gaura parviflora willow gaura Linum aristatum bristle flax U creeping seedbox, PIP Linum imbricatum toothed flax, tufted flax PIP Ludwigia glandulosa cylindricfruit primrose-willow Lycopodiella PIP alopecuroides foxtail clubmoss beach evening-primrose, PIP Virginia saltmarsh mallow, Oenothera drummondii beach eveningprimrose PIP Kosteletzkya virginica Virginia saltmarsh willow

largeflower eveningprimrose, Polygala verticillata whorled milkwort PIP showy evening-primrose, PIP Eriogonum longifolium Oenothera grandis showy eveningprimrose PIP var. longifolium longleaf buckwheat cut-leaf evening-primrose, cut-leaved evening primrose, heartsepal buckwheat, PIP PIP cutleaf evening-primrose, Eriogonum multiflorum heartsepal wildbuckwheat Oenothera laciniata cutleaf eveningprimrose PIP pinkladies, Showy evening Polygonella polygama October flower primrose, showy PIP Anagallis arvensis pimpernel, scarlet pimpernel PIP Oenothera speciosa eveningprimrose Cymodocea filiformis manateegrass PIP Anagallis minima chaffweed PIP bractless brookweed, Halodule beaudettei shoalweed PIP limewater brookweed, PIP common waternymph, Samolus ebracteatus Mojave water pimpernel Guadalupe waternymph, PIP Cissus incisa ivy treebine PIP southern naiad, southern Acacia farnesiana var. Najas guadalupensis waternymph PIP farnesiana Sweet acacia Ruppia maritima widgeongrass PIP Lepuropetalon PIP PIP Drosera brevifolia dwarf sundew spathulatum petiteplant Ophioglossum adderstongue, limestone U Cephalanthus engelmannii adderstongue occidentalis var. PIP californicus California buttonbush spring ladies'-tresses, upland PIP PIP Spiranthes vernalis ladiestresses Diodia teres var. teres poor joe, poor-joe, poorjoe Corydalis micrantha Hedyotis nigricans diamondflowers PIP PIP ssp. texensis Texan fumewort Houstonia subviscosa nodding bluet PIP Oldenlandia boscii Bosc's mille graines PIP Argemone albiflora ssp. bluestem pricklypoppy, white PIP texana pricklypoppy clustered mille graines, PIP Oldenlandia uniflora oneflower oldenlandia red pricklypoppy, spiny PIP Argemone sanguinea pricklypoppy Richardia brasiliensis tropical Mexican clover PIP black willow PIP Plantago heterophylla slender plantain PIP Salix nigra mango FR Plantago hookeriana California plantain PIP Mangifera indica Spondias mombin hogplum, yellow mombin FR redseed Indianwheat, PIP Carapa guidnensis Crabwood, Andiroba FR Plantago rhodosperma redseed plantain Swietenia mahagoni West Indian mahogany FR paleseed Indianwheat, PIP Plantago virginica Virginia plantain Zanthoxylum clava- Hercules' club, hercules-club, PIP herculis hercules-club pricklyash Carolina sea-lavender, PIP Limonium carolinianum Carolina sealavender prickly-ash, texas hercules PIP Zanthoxylum hirsutum club, Texas Hercules' club milkwoart (White), white PIP Kallstroemia PP Polygala alba milkwort hirsutissima hairy caltrop Polygala incarnata procession flower PIP

bullhead, caltrop, goathead, Texas toadflax, Texas- Mexican sandbur, puncture PIP PIP Nuttallanthus texanus toadflax vine, puncturevine, Texas gray-woolly twintip, Stemodia Tribulus terrestris sandbur PIP Stemodia lanata lanata Ruellia corzoi Corzo's wild petunia PIP tropical white morning-glory, FR Crescentia cujete common calabash tree FR Ipomoea alba tropical white morningglory Black calabash FR Dendrosicus latifolius PIP Polypremum Ipomoea cordatotriloba cotton morningglory, tievine PIP procumbens juniper leaf beach morning-glory, beach common bladderpod, PIP Ipomoea imperati morningglory common bladderwort, greater U Ipomoea pes-caprae Utricularia macrorhiza bladderwort PIP ssp. brasiliensis Brazilian bayhops Utricularia subulata zigzag bladderwort PIP Louisiana broomrape, saltmarsh morning-glory, PIP Orobanche ludoviciana manyflower broomrape, PIP Ipomoea sagittata saltmarsh morningglory Merremia ssp. multiflora manyflowered broomrape FR Agalinis fasciculata beach false foxglove PIP discoidesperma Mary’s bean, crucifix bean bigseed alfalfa dodder, large- prairie false foxglove, prairie PIP seed dodder, largeseed PIP Agalinis heterophylla false-foxglove Cuscuta indecora dodder, pretty dodder Agalinis maritima var. PIP bush-clover dodder, field grandiflora saltmarsh false foxglove dodder, fiveangled dodder, PIP Agalinis strictifolia stiffleaf false foxglove PIP Cuscuta pentagona lespedeza dodder Bacopa caroliniana blue waterhyssop U Nama hispidum bristly nama, purple mat PIP sand phacelia, sand PIP coastal waterhyssop, herb of PIP Phacelia patuliflora scorpionweed Bacopa monnieri grace, herb-of-grace annual phlox, drummond PIP disc waterhyssop, disk water- Phlox drummondii phlox hyssop, disk waterhyssop, PIP Phlox glabriflora Rio Grande phlox PIP Bacopa rotundifolia wet waterhyssop Phlox glabriflora ssp. American bluehearts, PIP PIP littoralis Rio Grande phlox Buchnera americana bupleurum Capsicum annuum var. PIP entireleaf Indian paintbrush, PIP aviculare Tepin pepper Castilleja indivisa Texas paintbrush Lycium carolinianum Carolina desert-thorn, false pimpernel, PIP var. quadrifidum largeflower wolfberry falsepimpernel, yellow-seed PIP Lindernia dubia var. false pimpernel, yellowseed Nicotiana glauca tree tobacco PIP Physalis cinerascens anagallidea false pimpernel PIP Maurandya var. spathulifolia smallflower groundcherry antirrhiniflora ssp. PIP Solanum americanum American black nightshade PIP antirrhiniflora Snapdragon vine PIP Solanum eleagnifolium Silverleaf nightshade

buffalobur, buffalobur balsamgourd, Lindheimer nightshade, Colorado bur, globeberry, Lindheimer's PIP horned nightshade, Kansas PIP globeberry, Rio Grande thistle, Mexican thistle, Texas Ibervillea lindheimeri globeberry Solanum rostratum thistle Melothria pendula var. PIP Caryocar glabrum Bat’s souari, Piquiarana FR pendula Guadeloupe cucumber FR Calophyllum calaba West-Indian laurel PIP Mentzelia oligosperma chickenthief, chickthief Hypericum orangegrass, pinweed st. PIP gentianoides johnswort athel, Athel tamarisk, PIP Hypericum Tamarix aphylla saltcedar, tamarisk, tamarix hypericoides ssp. St Andrews cross, St. PIP Canary Island tamarisk, hypericoides Andrew's cross PIP Tamarix canariensis saltcedar, tamarisk, tamarix PIP China tamarisk, Chinese Hypericum pauciflorum fewflower St. Johnswort saltcedar, Chinese tamarisk, marsh st. john's wort, Virginia five-stamen tamarisk, PIP U Triadenum virginicum marsh St. Johnswort fivestamen tamarisk, Tamarix chinensis saltcedar, tamarisk, tamarix longstem waterwort, PIP Elatine triandra threestamen waterwort French tamarisk, saltcedar, PIP Tamarix gallica tamarisk, tamarix Southern cat-tail, southern PIP Typha domingensis cattail salt cedar, salt-cedar, PIP broadleaf cattail, cattail, Tamarix ramosissima saltcedar, tamarisk, tamarix cattail (common), common PIP Typha latifolia cattail Parietaria floridana Florida pellitory, pellitory PIP

PIP 1Park Status refers to the current status of the organism in the Parietaria pensylvanica Pennsylvania pellitory park, where PIP=Present in Park, PP=Probably Present, heartleaf nettle, slim PIP E=Encroaching, U=Unconfirmed, N/A=Not Available, Urtica chamaedryoides stingingnettle Helianthemum H=Historic PIP georgianum Georgia frostweed Lechea mucronata hairy pinweed PIP Citrullus colocynthis colocynth PIP Citrullus lanatus var. PIP citroides watermelon Cucumis melo var. PIP melo cantaloupe buffalo gourd, buffalogourd pumpkin, calabazilla, PIP Missouri gourd, wild gourd, Cucurbita foetidissima wild pumkin

The U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) is the nation's principal conservation agency, charged with the mission "to protect and provide access to our Nation's natural and cultural heritage and honor our trust responsibilities to Indian tribes and our commitments to island communities." More specifically, Interior protects America’s treasures for future generations, provides access to our nation’s natural and cultural heritage, offers recreation opportunities, honors its trust responsibilities to American Indians and Alaska Natives and its responsibilities to island communities, conducts scientific research, provides wise stewardship of energy and mineral resources, fosters sound use of land and water resources, and conserves and protects fish and wildlife. The work that we do affects the lives of millions of people; from the family taking a vacation in one of our national parks to the children studying in one of our Indian schools.

NPS 613/106086, November 2010

National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior

Natural Resource Program Center 1201 Oakridge Drive, Suite 150 Fort Collins, CO 80525 www.nature.nps.gov

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