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The Case of Bergama a Thesis Submitted to the Graduate CONSTRUCTING THE PRESENT OVER THE PAST: THE CASE OF BERGAMA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY MĠHRĠBAN KAYA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN RESTORATION IN ARCHITECTURE DECEMBER 2014 Approval of the thesis: CONSTRUCTING THE PRESENT OVER THE PAST: THE CASE OF BERGAMA submitted by MİHRİBAN KAYA in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Restoration in Architecture Department, Middle East Technical University by, Prof. Dr. Gülbin Dural Ünver . Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Prof. Dr. Güven Arif Sargın . Head of Department, Architecture Assist. Prof. Dr. Güliz Bilgin Altınöz . Supervisor, Architecture Dept., METU Examining Committee Members: Inst. Dr. Fuat Gökçe . Architecture Dept., METU Assist. Prof. Dr. A. Güliz Bilgin Altınöz . Architecture Dept., METU Prof. Dr. Neriman ġahin Güçhan . Architecture Dept., METU Assoc. Prof. Dr. Berin Gür . Architecture Dept., TED University Architect (M.S. in Rest.) Pınar Aykaç . Date: 18.12.2014 I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last Name: Mihriban Kaya Signature: iv ABSTRACT CONSTRUCTING THE PRESENT OVER THE PAST: THE CASE OF BERGAMA Kaya, Mihriban M.S., in Restoration, Department of Architecture Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. A. Güliz Bilgin Altınöz December 2014, 220 Pages Towns continuously need a controlled change and development so that they can sustain their existence in future. Changes in towns and conservation of traces of the past are also part of this process and there must be a balance between them. Each new intervention, which is conscious of the past of the town, preserves its underground and over ground heritage and contributes to the enrichment of the contemporary town. However, some interventions do not conserve traces of the past and are not in harmony with urban settlement in Turkey. Consequently, these interventions include a high variety of problems, and harm the identity of urban archaeological areas. Today in Turkey, similar interventions are seen in 3rd degree archaeological sites where new development is allowed. Therefore, the aim of the study is to define the process, design criteria and methods for new interventions while conserving archaeological remains in situ in order to guide design stages. This study is based on literature and archival studies, researches on study are and legal framework in Turkey. By utilizing proposed methodology, proposals for case study and contributions to existing legal framework in Turkey are v aimed. In the study, Bergama where the archaeological and urban settlement co- exists is selected as study area. Focusing on this aim, the study is structured in two main parts. The first part focuses on new intervention in urban archaeological context. A methodology for new interventions while conserving archaeological remains in situ is proposed in this part. The second part focuses on 3rd degree archaeological site in Bergama. In this part, the proposed methodology is applied to Bergama. As a result, the process, design criteria and methods are defined in detail for new interventions while conserving archaeological remains in situ in Bergama. Additionally, considering all of these, contributions to the existing legal documents related with this subject are presented. Keywords: Urban archaeological areas, new intervention in archaeological context, new interventions while conserving archaeological remains in situ, Bergama vi ÖZ GEÇMİŞİN ÜZERİNE BUGÜNÜ İNŞAA ETMEK: BERGAMA ÖRNEĞİ Kaya, Mihriban Yüksek Lisans, Restorasyon, Mimarlık Bölümü Tez Yöneticisi: Yrd. Doç. Dr. A. Güliz Bilgin Altınöz Aralık 2014, 220 Sayfa Kentler gelecekte varlıklarını sürdürebilmeleri için sürekli olarak kontrollü bir değiĢime ve geliĢime ihtiyaç duyarlar. Kentlerdeki değiĢimler ve geçmiĢin izlerinin korunması da bu sürecin parçalarıdır ve kendi aralarında bir dengenin olması gerekir. Kentin geçmiĢinin bilincinde olan her yeni müdahale, kentin yeraltı ve yer üstü mirasını korur ve çağdaĢ kentin zenginleĢmesine katkı sağlar. Ancak, Türkiye‟deki bazı müdahaleler geçmiĢin izlerini korumamakta ve kentsel yerleĢimle uyumlu olmamaktadır. Sonuç olarak, bu müdahaleler birçok farklı sorunu içermekte, kentsel arkeolojik alanların kimliğine zarar vermektedir. Bugün Türkiye‟de, benzer müdahaleler yeni yapılaĢmaya izin verilen 3. derece arkeolojik sit alanlarında da görülmektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalıĢmanın amacı, arkeolojik kalıntıları yerinde koruyan yeni müdahaleler için tasarım aĢamalarını yönlendirmek üzere süreci, tasarım kriterlerini ve yöntemleri tanımlamaktır. Bu çalıĢma literatür ve arĢiv araĢtırmalarına, çalıĢma alanı üzerindeki araĢtırmalara ve Türkiye‟deki yasal çerçeveye dayanmaktadır. Önerilen yöntemden faydalanarak, çalıĢma alanı için öneriler ve Türkiye‟deki yasal vii çerçeveye katkı sağlanması hedeflenmiĢtir. Bu çalıĢmada, kentsel ve arkeolojik yerleĢimlerin birlikte bulunduğu Bergama çalıĢma alanı olarak seçilmiĢtir. Bu amaca odaklanarak çalıĢma iki ana bölümden oluĢmaktadır. Ġlk bölüm kentsel arkeolojik bağlamda yeni müdahaleler üzerine odaklanır ve bu bölümde arkeolojik kalıntıları yerinde koruyan yeni müdahaleler için bir yöntem önerilmiĢtir. Ġkinci bölüm Bergama'daki 3. derece arkeolojik alana odaklanır. Bu bölümde önerilen yöntem Bergama‟ya uygulanır. Sonuç olarak, Bergama'daki arkeolojik kalıntıları yerinde koruyan yeni müdahaleler için süreç, tasarım kriterleri ve yöntemler detaylandırılmıĢtır. Ayrıca, bütün bu süreç göz önünde bulundurularak, konuyla ilgili mevcut yasal dokümanlara katkılar sunulmuĢtur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kentsel arkeolojik alanlar, arkeolojik bağlamda yeni müdahale, arkeolojik buluntuları yerinde koruyan yeni müdahale, Bergama viii To all who always with me and believed in me, ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, I would like to thank my supervisor Assist. Prof. Dr. Güliz Bilgin Altınöz for her endless support and guidance in any time with the help of her inspiring ideas during my thesis research. I also thank to my examining committee, Inst. Dr. Fuat Gökçe, Prof. Dr. Neriman ġahin Güçhan, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Berin Gür and Pınar Aykaç for their constructive criticism and suggestions. I should also express my appreciations to all people who support me technically or by providing documentary for the study. Especially, I thank to Nilgün Ustura and ex- museum director Adnan Sarıoğlu in Bergama Museum, Pınar Altan and Fatih Kurunaz who are members of Municipality of Bergama, Seçil Tezer and Martin Bachman who are members of the German Archaeological Institute, members of Ġzmir District Number 2 Cultural Heritage Conservation Council and members of Municipality of Konak. Also my parents Nuran and Mihri Sarı deserve the greatest thanks for their infinite support, patience, faith and confident as well as my dearest brother Ġnanç for his valuable advices and enlivening my life. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Semih Kaya, for growing with me, giving his energy and endless love. Finally, I am thankful to my all books to give a soul and all happiness and laughs, challenges and nuisance in my life to help me for drawing my own way. x TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. v ÖZ .............................................................................................................................. vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................... x TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ xi LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................... xiv LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................. xvi CHAPTERS 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1 1.1. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ................................................................ 2 1.2. AIM AND SCOPE ............................................................................................ 7 1.3. METHODOLOGY OF STUDY ....................................................................... 8 1.4. STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY .................................................................... 11 2. NEW INTERVENTIONS IN URBAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT ........ 13 2.1. UNDERSTANDING AND ASSESSING THE CONTEXTS ........................ 13 2.1.1. Geographical and Natural Context ........................................................... 15 2.1.2. Archaeological and Historical Context .................................................... 16 2.1.3. Current Urban Context ............................................................................. 17 2.2. INTERVENING IN URBAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS.............. 20 2.2.1. Principles, Processes and Impacts of New Interventions in Urban Archaeological Contexts .................................................................................... 21 2.2.2. Examples of Projects and Implementations of New Interventions in Urban Archaeological Contexts ...................................................................................
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