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Masterworks Architecture at the Masterworks: Royal Academy of Arts Neil Bingham

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Masterworks Architecture at the Masterworks: Royal Academy of Arts Neil Bingham Masterworks Architecture at the Masterworks: Royal Academy of Arts Neil Bingham Royal Academy of Arts 2 Contents President’s Foreword 000 Edward Middleton Barry ra (1869) 000 Sir Howard Robertson ra (1958) 000 Paul Koralek ra (1991) 000 Preface 000 George Edmund Street ra (1871) 000 Sir Basil Spence ra (1960) 000 Sir Colin St John Wilson ra (1991) 000 Acknowledgements 000 R. Norman Shaw ra (1877) 000 Donald McMorran ra (1962) 000 Sir James Stirling ra (1991) 000 John Loughborough Pearson ra (1880) 000 Marshall Sisson ra (1963) 000 Sir Michael Hopkins ra (1992) 000 Architecture at the Royal Academy of Arts 000 Alfred Waterhouse ra (1885) 000 Raymond Erith ra (1964) 000 Sir Richard MacCormac ra (1993) 000 Sir Thomas Graham Jackson Bt ra (1896) 000 William Holford ra, Baron Holford Sir Nicholas Grimshaw pra (1994) 000 The Architect Royal Academicians and George Aitchison ra (1898) 000 of Kemp Town (1968) 000 Michael Manser ra (1994) 000 Their Diploma Works 000 George Frederick Bodley ra (1902) 000 Sir Frederick Gibberd ra (1969) 000 Eva M. Jiricna ra (1997) 000 Sir William Chambers ra (1768, Foundation Sir Aston Webb ra (1903) 000 Sir Hugh Casson pra (1970) 000 Ian Ritchie ra (1998) 000 Member, artist’s presentation) 000 John Belcher ra (1909) 000 E. Maxwell Fry ra (1972) 000 Will Alsop ra (2000) 000 George Dance ra (1768, Foundation Member, Sir Richard Sheppard ra (1972) 000 Gordon Benson ra (2000) 000 no Diploma Work) 000 Sir Reginald Blomfield ra (1914) 000 H. T. Cadbury-Brown ra (1975) 000 Piers Gough ra (2001) 000 John Gwynn ra (1768, Foundation Member, Sir Ernest George ra (1917) 000 no Diploma Work) 000 Ernest Newton ra (1919) 000 Ernö Goldfinger ra (1975) 000 Sir Peter Cook ra (2003) 000 Thomas Sandby ra (1768, Foundation Member, Sir Edwin Lutyens pra (1920) 000 Sir Philip Powell ra (1977) 000 Zaha Hadid ra (2005) 000 bequest from great-grandson) 000 Sir Giles Gilbert Scott ra (1922) 000 Peter Chamberlin ra (1978) 000 Eric Parry ra (2006) 000 William Tyler ra (1768, Foundation Member, Sir John J. Burnet ra (1925) 000 Leonard Manasseh ra (1979) 000 Chris Wilkinson ra (2006) 000 no Diploma Work) 000 Sir Herbert Baker ra (1932) 000 Trevor Dannatt ra (1983) 000 Sir David Chipperfield ra (2007) 000 James Wyatt pra (1785) 000 W. Curtis Green ra (1933) 000 Richard Rogers ra, Baron Rogers Spencer de Grey ra (2008) 000 John Yenn ra (1791) 000 of Riverside (1984) 000 Sir Edward Guy Dawber ra (1935) 000 Alan Stanton ra (2010) 000 Sir John Soane ra (1802) 000 Sir Leslie Martin ra (1985) 000 Sir Walter Tapper ra (1935) 000 Sir Robert Smirke ra (1811) 000 Sir Philip Dowson pra (1985) 000 Sir Edwin Cooper ra (1937) 000 The Honorary Royal Academician Architects 000 Sir Jeffry Wyatville ra (1824) 000 Sir Ove Arup ra (1986) 000 Arthur J. Davis ra (1942) 000 References 000 William Wilkins ra (1826) 000 John Partridge ra (1988) 000 E. Vincent Harris ra (1942) 000 Further Reading 000 Charles Robert Cockerell ra (1836) 000 Berthold Lubetkin ra (1989, no Diploma Work) 000 Sir Albert Richardson pra (1944) 000 Photographic Acknowledgements 000 John Peter Gandy (afterwards Deering) ra (1838) 000 Theo Crosby ra (1990) 000 C. H. James ra (1946) 000 Index 000 Philip Hardwick ra (1841) 000 Sir Geoffrey Jellicoe ra (1991) 000 Sir Edward Maufe ra (1947) 000 Sir Charles Barry ra (1842) 000 Sir Denys Lasdun ra (1991) 000 Louis de Soissons ra (1953) 000 Sydney Smirke ra (1859) 000 Edward Cullinan ra (1991) 000 Sir Hubert Worthington ra (1955) 000 Sir George Gilbert Scott ra (1860) 000 Norman Foster ra, Baron Foster Brian O’Rorke ra (1956) 000 of Thames Bank (1991) 000 4 5 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed President’s diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore Exhibition diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore Foreword magna aliquam erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, Notes magna aliquam erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis autem vel eum iriure aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla facilisi. delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla facilisi. Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat magna aliquam erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, volutpat. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet aliquip ex ea commodo consequat et iusto odio. dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad minim Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis autem vel facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero te feugait nulla facilisi. Nam liber tempor cum soluta nobis eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent eleifend option congue nihil imperdiet doming id quod mazim luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla facilisi. placerat facer possim assum. Nam liber tempor cum soluta nobis eleifend option congue nihil imperdiet doming id quod mazim placerat facer possim assum. Sir Nicholas Grimshaw cbe pra 6 7 Architecture at the Royal Academy of Arts 9 At the request of a group of distinguished artists, led in particular by the architect Sir William Chambers and the painter Benjamin West, King George III signed an ‘Instrument of Foundation’ on 10 December 1768 to create an entirely new kind of British institution for the promotion of the ‘Arts of Design’ in painting, sculpture and architecture. The King’s new Royal Academy of Arts was, and continues to be, unique in being independent of the state, privately funded, and run by artists of merit, a self-perpetuating group of Royal Academicians, who alone are eligible to appoint new members to their strictly limited number. Promotion of the arts was to be ‘by instruction and by emulation’,1 chiefly through exhibition – the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition (originally known as the Annual Exhibition) – and training at the Royal Academy Schools. Although the King’s new Royal Academy of Arts was not the first society in London to offer artists the benefits of drawing from the life model and from plaster casts, or to mount annual exhibitions where they might compete for public fame, the Royal Academy’s combination of these activities was unique. Moreover, the Royal Academy Schools offered, for the first time, a systematic training of artists and architects as opposed to the system of apprenticeship offered in individual artist’s studios and architect’s offices. Immediately upon its creation, the Royal Academy became the national powerhouse of design. Every newly elected Royal Academician receives royal approbation in the form of an engraved Diploma, signed by the monarch, which sanctions the privilege Fig. 1: The Diploma bearing the royal sign-manual of Queen Victoria, dated 28 December 1859, for the 1. raa/pc/10, Annual Report, 1859, p. 6. of placing the initials ‘ra’ after his or her name (fig. 1). There is, however, one architect Sydney Smirke, Royal Academician. Collection important requisite that the successful candidate is obliged to fulfil: having been of the Royal Academy of Arts, London. When the Royal 2. Associates had full use of the Academy, the right to have their works elected by the General Assembly (the full body of Royal Academicians), the chosen Academy acquired its present home at Burlington hung in the Summer Exhibition without artist is required to present, for approval, an example of his or her work to the House in 1867, Smirke designed the new Main Galleries and added a floor to the eighteenth-century building having to have them accepted by the Council (the governing body of the Royal Academy). In the early days, presentations Selection Committee, and were expected to house the Diploma Galleries for the display of the to participate in administration and had to be made before the Diploma was received; today there is a grace period of six Diploma Works. teaching. They were not required to months. In the picturesque language of Clause III of the Instrument of Foundation, submit a Diploma Work. However aras had no voting rights and were the Academician-Elect ‘shall not receive his Letter of Admission [the Diploma]’ til he ineligible to sit on Council, although hath deposited in the Royal Academy, to remain there, a Picture, Bas-relief, or other they were asked to serve as Visitors specimen of his abilities’. This accomplished piece of art, this masterwork, is thus in the Royal Academy Schools.
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