Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Park

HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT

January 2015 KATHARINE BARBER AND MIRIAM HOLLAND 15 Bermondsey Square, Road, SE1 3UN [email protected] www.purcelluk.com

All rights in this work are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means (including Document Issue without limitation by photocopying or placing on a website) without the prior permission in writing of Purcell except in accordance with Issue 1 (March 2014) - and Councils the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Applications for permission to reproduce any part of this work should be Issue 2 (January 2015) - ealing and Hounslow Councils addressed to Purcell at [email protected]. Undertaking any unauthorised act in relation to this work may result in a civil claim for damages and/or criminal prosecution. Any materials used in this work which are subject to third party copyright have been reproduced under licence from the copyright owner except in the case of works of unknown authorship as defined by the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Any person wishing to assert rights in relation to works which have been reproduced as works of unknown authorship should contact Purcell at [email protected]. Purcell asserts its moral rights to be identified as the author of this work under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Purcell® is the trading name of Purcell Miller Tritton LLP. © Purcell 2015 KB/tro/234320 CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION 5 4 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 37 1.1 Purpose of the Report 5 4.1 Summary of Proposals 37 1.2 Scope of the Study 5 4.2 Assessment Methodology 45 1.3 Existing Information 5 4.3 Impact Assessment 46

2 UNDERSTANDING 6 5 CONCLUSION 48 2.1 Planning Context and Legislative Framework 6 2.2 Site Location and Setting 8 2.3 Heritage Context 9 APPENDICES 2.4 Historic Development 13 2.5 Development Phases 17 APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY 49 2.6 The Evolution of the Site by Development Phases 19 2.7 Views 24

3 SIGNIFICANCE 31 3.1 Assessing Significance 31 3.2 Statutory and Local Designations 32 3.3 Evidential Value 32 3.4 Historic Value 33 3.5 Aesthetic Value 34 3.6 Communal Value 35 3.7 Summary of Significance 36 3.8 Significance of Views 36

3 The overall layout of the Park in the present day is illustrated on the plan below

POPE’S LANE ENTRANCE

LIONEL ROAD EXISTING CAFÉ NORTH ENTRANCE TEMPLE SMALL LAKE MANSION LARGE MANSION

ORANGERY STABLES

Gunnersbury Park Boundary FORMER FARM BUILDINGS

EXISTING CAFÉ AND TEMPLE PROPOSED SITE OF LAKE NEW CAFE POTOMAC LAKE The Park in the modern day Buildings Concentrated Planting With key features labelled for orientation

WEST LODGE

4 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, , Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT 1.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 1.3 EXISTING INFORMATION This Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) The HIA covers the following areas in The report forms part of a suite of 1 has been commissioned by Ealing Borough order to provide a baseline assessment heritage documents prepared in support Council. It has been prepared to assess of the proposals: of Heritage Lottery Fund applications for INTRODUCTION the impact of a proposed new café and • Understanding: to establish what the Park as a whole (Parks for People) exhibition space on the heritage value of heritage assets are within the and the Large Mansion (Heritage Grant) Gunnersbury Park. The café is proposed to setting of the proposal site and the and associated Listed Building consents. replace an existing café structure at the same legislation that protects them These documents include a park wide site. The existing café is a low quality build in Conservation Management Plan which • Site Assessment: to give a a poor and degenerating state of repair. The along with supplementary research and description of the site and any park itself is designated as a Conservation analysis has informed the preparation of adjacent heritage assets. Area and a Registered Park and Garden, a this report. number of structures within the park and in • Historic Development: to establish the vicinity of the proposed café location are the key dates in the development afforded Listed Building status. of Gunnersbury Park and specifically the impacted area. • Significance: to assess the heritage value of impacted heritage assets and how they are important within their setting. • Impact Assessment: to analyse the effects the proposals will have on the significance of the heritage assets within the visual envelope of the site. 2.1 PLANNING CONTEXT AND Regional Planning policy Planning decisions LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK The London Plan (2011) Including Revised C Development should identify, value, Early Minor Alterations (October conserve, restore, re-use and incorporate 2 National planning policy framework 2013) heritage assets, where appropriate UNDERSTANDING The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF; March 2012) is the overarching The London Plan is the overall strategic plan D Development affecting heritage assets planning policy document for . Within for London, and it sets out a fully integrated and their settings should conserve their Section 12 – conserving and enhancing the economic, environmental, transport and social significance, by being sympathetic to their historic environment – are the government’s framework for the development of the capital form, scale, materials and architectural detail. policies for the protection of heritage to 2031. It forms part of the development assets. Paragraph 128 states: “In determining plan for . London boroughs’ E New development should make provision applications, local planning authorities should local plans need to be in general conformity for the protection of archaeological resources, require an applicant to describe the significance with the London Plan, and its policies guide landscapes and significant memorials. The of any heritage assets affected, including any decisions on planning applications by councils physical assets should, where possible, be contribution made to their setting. The level of and the Mayor. made available to the public on-site. Where detail should be proportionate to the assets’ the archaeological asset or memorial importance” it also states that the assessment THE LONDON PLAN 2011: cannot be preserved or managed on-site, should be “no more than is sufficient to Key Policies to be considered in the context provision must be made for the investigation, understand the potential impact of the proposal of the site include: understanding,recording, dissemination and on their significance” POLICY 7.8 HERITAGE ASSETS AND archiving of that asset. ARCHAEOLOGY The policies advise a holistic approach LDF preparation to planning and development, where all Strategic F Boroughs should, in LDF policies, seek significant elements that make up the historic A London’s heritage assets and historic to maintain and enhance the contribution environment are termed ‘heritage assets’. environment, including listed buildings, of built, landscaped and buried heritage These consist of designated assets (such as registered historic parks and gardens and to London’s environmental quality, cultural listed buildings or conservation areas) and other natural and historic landscapes, identity and economy as part of managing non-designated assets (such as locally listed conservation areas, World Heritage Sites, London’s ability to accommodate change and buildings or those features which are of registered battlefields, scheduled monuments, regeneration. heritage value). archaeological remains and memorials should be identified, so that the desirability of G Boroughs, in consultation with English The policies within the document emphasise sustaining and enhancing their significance and Heritage, Natural England and other the need for assessing the significance of of utilising their positive role in place shaping relevant statutory organisations, should heritage assets and their setting in order to can be taken into account. include appropriate policies in their LDFs fully understand the historic environment for identifying, protecting, enhancing and and inform suitable design proposals for B Development should incorporate measures improving access to the historic environment change to, or within, the locality of significant that identify, record, interpret, protect and heritage assets and their settings where buildings. The document also requires an and, where appropriate, present the site’s appropriate, and to archaeological assets, assessment of the impact of development archaeology. memorials and historic and natural landscape proposals affecting heritage assets. character within their area. POLICY 7.9 HERITAGE-LED London plan 2011 (revised early minor identify potential modifications to reduce borough’s Local Plan will soon be superceded REGENERATION alterations Oct 2013) carbon emissions and secure sustainable by the new Local Plan which is currently Amend and split paragraph 7.31 supporting development. In doing this a balanced being prepared. Strategic Policy 7.8 HERITAGE ASSETS AND approach should be taken, weighing the A Regeneration schemes should identify and ARCHAEOLOGY extent of the mitigation of climate change Guidance documentation make use of heritage assets and reinforce the 7.31 Crucial to the preservation of this involved against potential harm to the produces guidance qualities that make them significant so they character is the careful protection and heritage asset or its setting. Where there documents outlining advice on the can help stimulate environmental, economic adaptive re-use of heritage buildings and their is evidence of deliberate neglect of and or management of the historic environment. The and community regeneration. This includes settings. Heritage assets such as conservation damage to a heritage asset the deteriorated following documents in particular have been buildings, landscape features, views, Blue areas make a significant contribution to state of that asset should not be taken referenced in the compilation of this report: Ribbon Network and public realm. local character and should be protected into account when making a decision on a from inappropriate development that is development proposal. • Conservation Principles, Policies and Planning decisions not sympathetic in terms of scale, materials, Guidance, (2008). B The significance of heritage assets should Local planning policy details and form. Development that affects This document sets out key guiding aims for be assessed when development is proposed The planning policy framework for Hounslow the setting of heritage assets should be of the management of the historic environment and schemes designed so that the heritage sets out policies to guide the sustainable the highest quality of architecture and design, and sets out a methodology for assessing significance is recognised both in their social, economic and physical development of and respond positively to local context and heritage significance (see section 5.1 for own right and as catalysts for regeneration. the whole borough. Together these policies character outlined in the policies above. further information). Wherever possible heritage assets (including form the development plan which, in law, buildings at risk) should be repaired, restored is the starting point for all decisions when 7.31A Substantial harm to or loss of • The Setting of Heritage Values, (2011) and put to a suitable and viable use that is deciding applications for planning permission. a designated heritage asset should be Revision Note (June 2012) and Note 3 consistent with their conservation and the The development plan includes policies exceptional, with substantial harm to or loss Consultation draft (July 2014). establishment and maintenance of sustainable of those assets designated of the highest in the Unitary Development Plan (UDP); communities and economic vitality. significance being wholly exceptional. Where Employment Development Plan Document This document provides guidance on how a development proposal will lead to less and the Area Action Plan. Local changes within the setting of a listed building, LDF Preparation than substantial harm to the significance of planning policy details included in Appendix 2. conservation area, scheduled monument, etc. C Boroughs should support the principles of a designated heritage asset, this harm should can affect the significance of the asset itself. heritage-led regeneration in LDF policies. be weighed against the public benefits of The local plan (previously known as the the proposal, including securing its optimum Local Development Framework) will form • Seeing History in the Views, (2011) and viable use. Enabling development that the key part of the new development plan Revision Note (2012). for the future development of the borough, would otherwise not comply with planning This looks specifically at the significance drawn up by the council as the local planning policies, but which would secure the future of group heritage assets from long range authority, in consultation with the local conservation of a heritage asset should be and short distance views, and sets out community and other stakeholders. In law, this assessed to see if the benefits of departing a methodology for assessment and for will be a development plan document under from those policies outweigh the disbenefits exploring the impact of change within an the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act important view. 7.31B When considering re-use or 2004. The Brentford Area Action Plan, the refurbishment of heritage assets, Employment Development Plan Document, opportunities should be explored to and the UDP, which currently form the

2 Understanding 7 2.2 SITE LOCATION AND SETTING Gunnersbury Park is a public park comprising 72 Hectares of land within the London Borough of Hounslow where boundary abuts that of Ealing Council. The park itself has been through various stages of development which have involved the re-division and remodelling of the landscape, changing boundaries and the introduction of public park buildings. The proposed development site is situated in the north-east corner of the Park between the Large Mansion (Currently Gunnersbury Museum) to the south-east and the Temple Pond (Boating Lake) to the north-west. To the east, the site is flanked by the former carriage drive to the large mansion from which it is screened by intermediate planting. A secondary Path leading from the main drive to the path circling the Temple Pond marks the boundary of the site to the north, this is flanked by dense planting (historic and modern) on both sides. To the south, the site is bound by the current children’s playground and a free standing modern toilet block. Glimpses of the service wing of the large mansion are glimpsed to the south.

The site is currently occupied by the present park café with a paved seating area to the west, service area to the east and dense planting to the north. The current café was built during the 1950s to front onto the Temple Pond. The existing café is in a poor state of repair and of negligible significance in terms of architectural design.

The site and café as it stands have a distinct General views of the existing café and proposed development site municipal feel having evolved as a focal point of the public park over the period of the 20th century.

8 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 2.3 HERITAGE CONTEXT Grade II 1.2.2 Conservation Areas 2.3.2 Site Specific The following section provides an overview • Archway to Gunnersbury Park The Planning (Listed Buildings and The closest Listed Building to the proposed of the heritage assets and statutory (west of east entrance lodge) Conservation Areas) Act 1990 also covers café site are the Grade II* Listed Large designations associated with or located within • East Lodge conservation areas, requiring local Mansion; the Grade II* Listed Temple and the Park. planning authorities to designate areas of the Grade II Listed Fountain Site and Lamp • West Lodge special architectural or historic interest Standards lining the main drive. 2.3.1 Listed Buildings • Gothic boathouse and pavilion on and to formulate policies to protect Listed buildings are designated under the Potomac Lake and enhance them. Gunnersbury Park Glimpses of the Large Mansion and Temple Conservation Area covers the whole Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation • Gothic outbuildings east of are afforded from the proposed development park, plus Kingston Cemetery to the Areas) Act 1990 for their special architectural Gunnersbury House including site. The Stone Fountain has been removed south and a group of streets to the or historic interest. Listing gives them arcade grotto shelter and room from site since the Listed Building description north east. It was designated on the protection as alterations, additions or known as Princess Amelia’s was prepared. 20th November 1990. demolitions are controlled by Listed Bathhouse. Building Consent, required by local planning 2.3.3 Buildings of local townscape • Gothic ruins on border of former authorities when change is proposed. character Japanese gardens There are no buildings within the Park There are 4 Grade II* Listed Buildings and 17 • Gunnersbury House, Small 1.2.3 Registered Park and Garden boundary which appear on the London Grade II Listed Buildings within Gunnersbury Mansion Gunnersbury Park Borough of Hounslow’s local list of Buildings Park. These are listed below and colour • North entrance gateway to Parks and Gardens of special historic of Local Townscape Character. coded on the plans on the following page. Gunnersbury Park interest in England are registered using a similar grading system to The location of these structures is plotted • North Lodge Listed Buildings, (i.e., Grade I, II* and overleaf. • Series of iron lamp standards in II). Registration means that a park is a front of Gunnersbury Park Mansion material consideration in the planning • Stone fountain near refreshment process and the impact of the proposed room development that could affect the special character of the area should be • West Stables considered. • Boundary wall Gunnersbury Park is Registered Grade

• Kitchen Garden Wall II* and is summarised in the register Grade II* • Gateway near princess Amelia’s entry as “An 18th century formal garden, • Temple Bathhouse altered mid-18th century with some involvement from . The • Gunnersbury Park House (Large • Archway East end of Gunnersbury Mansion) grounds were developed in the later 18th Park mansion terrace century for Princess Amelia and extended • East Stables • Archway west end of Gunnersbury in the mid-19th century by Baron Lionel • (conservatory) Park Mansion terrace. de Rothschild. The site became a public park in 1925”.

2 Understanding 9 Inset Map

See Inset Map

Plans showing key designations within the vicinity of the proposed development site

KEY

Grade II* Listed Buildings Site of the present café

Grade II Listed Buildings Proposed Site Boundary

Grade II Listed Lamp Posts

Gunnersbury Conservation Area

Grade II* Registered Park and Garden

10 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 2.3.4 Heritage at Risk English Heritage maintains a Heritage at Heritage Asset Designation Condition BAR Category Risk Register which identifies those buildings Gunnersbury Park House Grade II* Poor C or sites which are under threat and most at risk of being lost forever. Buildings are East Stables Grade II* Very bad A categorised on a scale related to the severity Gunnersbury Park Registered Park and Garden Grade II* Poor N/A of risk, ranging from A – F; these are outlined East Lodge Grade II Very bad B below. Poor (prior to recent North Lodge Grade II F restoration in 2013) Eleven structures in addition to the Registered Park and Garden and the Archway Near East lodge entrance Grade II Very bad B Conservation Area are listed on the 2013 Small Mansion Grade II Poor C Heritage at Risk Register as itemised below. Boundary wall of garden to original 17th century Grade II Fair C Gunnersbury House Gothic Ruins Grade II Poor A A. Immediate risk of further rapid West Stables Grade II Very bad A deterioration or loss of fabric, no solution agreed. Potomac Tower Grade II Very bad A B. Immediate Risk of further rapid West Lodge Grade II Poor C deterioration or loss of fabric: Gunnersbury Park Conservation Area Conservation Area Poor N/A solution agreed but not yet implemented. Heritage Assets included in categories A and B should be an immediate priority when considering change to and conservation of the park. C. Slow decay: no solution agreed D. Slow decay; solution agreed but Change to the setting of an ‘at risk’ heritage asset can contribute to further demise of its historic value. Care must be taken when introducing not yet implemented. new features into the setting of a heritage asset to enhance significance and make a positive contribution to reducing the ‘risk’ to which the asset E. Under repair or in fair to good is exposed. repair, but no user identified; or under threat of vacancy with Buildings at Risk which lie in the visual envelope of the proposed café site include the Large Mansion (Gunnersbury Park House) and the North no obvious new user (Applicable Lodge (now restored). only to buildings capable of beneficial use). The Conservation Area and Registered Park and Garden themselves are fragile environments and introduced development should seek to F. Repair scheme in progress and enhance historic cohesiveness (Where applicable) end use of user identified; functionally redundant buildings with new use agreed but not yet implemented.

2 Understanding 11 Components of Gunnersbury Park which appear on the heritage at risk register 2 4 13 KEY 3 Gunnersbury Park Registered Park 5 1 and Garden (Grade II*) 6 2 North Lodge 7 1 3 East Lodge

8 4 Archway near East Lodge Entrance

5 Small Mansion 9 10 6 Large Mansion Boundary wall of garden to original 7 (17th Century) Gunnersbury House

8 Gothic Ruins

9 West Stables

10 East Stables

11 Potomac Tower

12 West Lodge 11 13 Gunnersbury Park 13 Conservation Area

Registered Park and Garden Boundary

12 Conservation Area Boundary

Proposed Development Site

12 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 2.4 HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT

This section gives an overview history for the whole of the Park, followed by a more detailed history which breaks down the development of the park into five main phases, focussing on the historical development of the proposal site itself.

SUMMARY TIMELINE

Medieval Era 1658-1663 Gunnersbury Park built a new, Palladian-style formed a part of the Gunnersbury House for John Maynard. The Manor of Fulham, owned Mansion was pioneering in its style. by the . A high-status manor house is documented at Gunnersbury although its location remains unknown.

2 Understanding 13 1739-1761 1761-1786 1800 1802 Accounts show that Princess Amelia, favourite John Webb’s house was Alexander Copeland William Kent received daughter of King George demolished and the Park bought 10 plots and built payment for a small II, took Gunnersbury as was divided into 13 plots Gunnersbury Park House. amount of unspecified her country residence. for private sale. Stephen Cosser bought landscaping work at The Park was extended the neighbouring plot to Gunnersbury. and re-landscaped to a the east, where he built more informal design Gunnersbury House. and William Chambers is thought to have designed several garden buildings.

14 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 1835 1836 1837-40 1889 1900 The Gunnersbury Park House W.F. Pocock designed The Rothschild The Japanese bought Gunnersbury was extended and remodelled an extension to family purchased Gardens were Park House by Sidney Smirke. The orangery, Gunnersbury House Gunnersbury House landscaped. stables and North Lodge portico (the Small Mansion) reuniting the estate were also constructed at this and built the aviary as a single entity. time to Smirke’s designs. and Gothic Ruins in the grounds.

1917 1925 1926 Rothschild interest Gunnersbury Park was Gunnersbury Park was officially opened to the in the Gunnersbury sold to the former public by Sir in a grand Park estate waned London Boroughs of opening ceremony. and it was eventually Acton and Ealing with put up for sale. stipulations that it was to provide public leisure space and with small areas sold for development.

2 Understanding 15 1928 1939 1965 1972 1975 Gunnersbury Anti-aircraft London’s boroughs The Dairy, close The Temple Museum opened in weapons were were reorganised. to the site of the was restored. Gunnersbury Park placed in the Park Gunnersbury was proposed café, House. during World now owned by was partially War II. Ealing and Hounslow demolished due Borough Councils, to an extended the latter carrying out period of neglect. administrative work.

1981 1993 2000s 2014 The Friends of The Gunnersbury Park Gunnersbury Park was awarded The park is awarded HLF Gunnersbury Park was Development Group was funding from the Heritage Lottery funding for the restoration formed. In 1985 the set up following concerns Fund. This included the restoration and conservation of group refurbished the over the deteriorating of the Bathhouse and Italian the Large Mansion, Park Pavilion and established condition of the Park. Gardens in 2001 Structures and Park a new café there. Landscape

16 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 2.5 DEVELOPMENT PHASES

Gunnersbury Park is an important historical landscape which contains a collection of structures, spaces, and planting dating from the 17th to the 20th centuries. Its story is complex, and most clearly explained by dividing it into a number of discrete phases – although in reality features from one period were usually retained, re-used and adapted across the history of the Park, meaning that all of the phases are interlinked.

Since the early 19th century the landscape has been the setting for two separate mansions – Gunnersbury House (the Small Mansion) and Gunnersbury Park House (the Large Mansion). In origin it was the setting for a single high-status residence, Webb’s Palladian Mansion and the landscape setting has evolved from this phase of occupation.

• PHASE 1 – Maynard and the Geometric Period (c.1650 – 1740) • PHASE 2 – Princess Amelia and the Landscape Style (1740 – 1800) • PHASE 3 – Gunnersbury Divided (1800 – 1835) • PHASE 4 – Gunnersbury Reunited (1889 – 1925) • PHASE 5 – The Public Park (1925 – Present)

Inset Map see overleaf

2 Understanding 17 The colour of features represented on this map correspond to the historic phase during which they were established

Present café • PHASE 1 – Maynard and the Geometric Period (c.1650 – 1740)

Proposed • PHASE 2 – Princess Amelia and the Landscape Style (1740 – 1800) Development Site • PHASE 3 – Gunnersbury Divided (1800 – 1835) • PHASE 4 – Gunnersbury Reunited (1889 – 1925) • PHASE 5 – The Public Park (1925 – Present)

18 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 2.6 THE EVOLUTION OF THE SITE BY DEVELOPMENTAL PHASES

In order to aid our understanding of the development of the park and the proposal site, the history of the site has been broken down and presented in five specific phases.

PHASE 1 – MAYNARD AND THE GEOMETRIC PERIOD (C.1650 – 1740)

Overview During this period extensive gardens were laid out to accompany a Palladian villa which was erected at Gunnersbury in the late 1650s and early 1660s by Sir John Maynard. This original villa has been lost, but the remains of the western wall of its associated gardens still survive. The formal gardens ranged either side of a central axis and were flanked toward their south end by two linear canals, which were later converted into the feature known as the ‘horseshoe pond’.

Development Area specific There is little physical evidence of this initial phase of construction remaining in the park. Maynard’s Palladian villa has been lost, but the substantial terrace on which the current houses stand was constructed during this period. In 1746, John Rocque’s map shows the proposed development site on the edge of ancillary buildings associated with the Palladian Villa to the east and planted orchards to the north. The projected location is shown on Rocque’s plan on this page.

Approximate location of the proposal site, 1746 Rocque Map

2 Understanding 19 PHASE 2 – PRINCESS AMELIA AND THE LANDSCAPE STYLE (1740-1800)

Overview In the four and a half decades between 1740 and 1785 a small park was laid out to the south and west of the walled gardens at Gunnersbury and the gardens themselves became less formal and geometric in character, although some of their walls survive. The Horseshoe Pond was created, probably from earlier geometric canals; and the Round Pond was established – both changes probably made between 1756 and 1777. A number of garden buildings were also erected, of which the Temple and the Bath House are the only survivors. The designer William Kent and the architect William Chambers both worked at Gunnersbury during this phase, although their precise contributions remain unclear.

Site specific Two of the main features within the affected area of the proposal site were created during this period – the Grade II* listed Temple and the Temple Pond. These features were most likely designed by Sir William Chambers for Princess Amelia, and their setting and views are considered significant. There are no records of changes taking place to the Large Mansion during this period.

The site of the proposed café is marked on a section of the 1777 map of Ealing on this page. The newly-constructed temple and temple pond can be seen to the left of the marked area, although the footprint of the house to the right is likely to be inaccurate.

Approximate location of the proposal site, 1777 Map of Ealing

20 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 PHASE 3 – GUNNERSBURY DIVIDED (1800-1889)

Overview The early 19th century saw the Palladian mansion demolished and Gunnersbury divided into the separate ownership of Copeland and Cosser. In 1800 the grounds of the two separate properties continued to develop. Those of Gunnersbury Park House, the larger of the two new mansions, now acquired a number of key features including the Orangery, the stables, the Potomac Lake and the Gothic boathouse beside it, and a model farm. But the grounds of Gunnersbury House also saw significant additions, most notably the Gothic screen and walls to the north of Smirke’s stables.

Site specific A number of major changes to the proposal site and its surrounding heritage assets occurred during this period. The Palladian Gunnersbury Park House, to the south-east of the proposal site, was demolished and the present-day Grade II* listed Large Mansion constructed in its place. Around the same time the Grade II listed Small Mansion, Gunnersbury House, was also constructed – probably in around 1802.

The site of the proposed café is marked on a section of the 1847 Kretschmar map on this page. The Temple can be seen on the north bank of the Round Pond (here marked ‘Upper Lake’) with formally arranged gardens to the north. Within the proposal site can be seen a number of service buildings associated with Gunnersbury Park House – these are known to have comprised a dairy and stable-block. These buildings are screened from the Carriage Drive to the east and the Temple Pond to the west by bands of planting.

Approximate location of the proposal site, 1847 Kertschmar Map

2 Understanding 21 PHASE 4 – GUNNERSBURY REUNITED (1889-1925)

Overview This phase of Gunnersbury’s history is relatively brief, and there were limited changes to the designed landscape. The only major surviving addition to the landscape was the Japanese Garden to the north of the stables, which survives in only fragmentary form.

Site specific The 1915 Ordnance Survey map shows some changes to the proposal site – the service buildings to the north of the Large Mansion appear to have been significantly reduced with a single building remaining extant at the site of the existing café. This building is detached from the remainder of the service buildings to the south. At this date, the drive to the Large Mansion is shown on its present path.

Approximate location of the proposal site, 1915 Ordnance Survey

22 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 PHASE 5 – THE PUBLIC PARK (1925-PRESENT)

Overview Gunnersbury has seen major changes in the 20th century due to its conversion to a public park, including tennis courts, sports pitches, the pitch and putt course and modern structures such as the café and a number of park shelters. Despite this municipalisation of the landscape, a great deal remains intact from earlier periods.

Site specific The present-day café was constructed in 1958, and an Ordnance Survey map of 1962 (unavailable due to copyright constraints) shows the café in- situ to the north-west of the Large Mansion. The dairy, which can be seen situated just north of the Large Mansion and south of the present-day café in the 1915 map, was also demolished in the 1960s. The map on this page shows the context of the proposed development site as it stood in 1935.

Approximate location of the proposal site, 1935 map

2 Understanding 23 2.7 VIEWS

A number of view towards the proposed development site have been identified to assess the visibility of the site in the present heritage landscape.

The location of these views is shown on the adjacent map and brief descriptions of the views shown on the pages 25-30.

24 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 VIEW 1 View 1 looks south-east from the corner of the Temple looking towards the proposed development site along the path encircling the Temple Pond. In the present landscape the roof of the existing café is just visible, the remainder of the proposed site is obscured by perimeter planting.

VIEW 2 View 2 looks across the Temple Pond from its north-west corner. Again the roof of the existing café is visible nestled within surrounding planting of variable height. The area to the north of the existing café, proposed as the site of the Carriage Display, is covered by denser planting.

2 Understanding 25 VIEW 3 View 3 looks east to west across the Temple Pond from the of the kitchen garden wall. The existing café is glimpsed through gaps in planting, denser planting is noted to the north of the café at the location of the proposed Carriage Display.

VIEW 4 View 4 looks across the southern extent of the Temple Pond from the encircling pedestrian path. The existing café is obscured from view from this location.

26 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 VIEW 5 View 5 looks towards the existing café from the path south-east of the Temple Pond. The café is quite visible from this location with views only partially impeded by intermittent tree planting.

VIEW 6 View 6 looks north towards the proposed development site from the path leading around the west side of the Large Mansion. From this vantage point, the ground rises slightly to the north enabling glimpses of the existing café between clusters of planting.

2 Understanding 27 VIEW 7 View 7 looks north towards the existing café from the service yard at the north-west corner of the Large Mansion. The café is partially screened by the intervening hedge and children’s playground. Along the west side of the drive, denser planting is notable, screening the café site to the west.

VIEW 8 View 8 looks towards the proposed development site from the main (north) entrance to the Large Mansion. The existing café and proposed development site are screened from view from this location by dense planting flanking the west side of the Carriage Drive. Pedestrian paths leading off from the main drive allow access to the current café site.

28 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 VIEW 9 View 9 looks westwards across the open lawn in front of the Large Mansion. The view is curtailed by planting marking the west side of the Carriage Drive, but glimpses of the existing café roof are visible above the hedgeline. The proposed location of the Carriage Display is well hidden by tree planting from this location.

VIEW 10 View 10 looks south from the main drive to the Large Mansion. The proposed development site is located at the junction of the two paths towards the centre of the image. Views of the existing café are heavily screened by planting however the site of the proposed Carriage Display is glimpsed through trees from this location. The visibility of the Carriage Display would be enhanced through the limited removal of trees and shrubs to accommodate construction.

2 Understanding 29 VIEW 11 View 11 looks south along the main drive to the Large Mansion from the north gate. The proposed development site is screened from view from this location but would gradually become partially visible as the visitor travels along the drive.

VIEW 12 View 12 looks south towards the proposed development site from planting to the north of the site. Intermittent planting heavily obscures the proposed development site from view. This planting will remain following construction meaning that the view would be unchanged.

30 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 3.1 ASSESSING SIGNIFICANCE Aesthetic Value The significance of Gunnersbury Park is The ways in which people draw sensory and assessed using a number of significance Significance can be defined as the sum of intellectual stimulation from a place. ratings which are described below: the cultural values which make a building or 3 landscape important to society. As well as Communal Value SIGNIFICANCE High: the physical fabric, age and aesthetic value, The meaning of a place for the people who A theme, feature or space which is more intangible qualities such as communal relate to it, or for whom it figures in their important at national or international value, association with historic people, events collective experience or memory. and former uses are all important in defining level, such as highly graded Listed Buildings and landscapes. It will have high cultural the significance of a place. The following Communal Value assessment is based on the values outlined value and form an essential piece of the This derives from the meanings of a place history of a building or site, while greatly in English Heritage’s Conservation Principles, for the people who relate to it, or for whom contributing towards its character and Policies and Guidance (2008) which it figures in their collective experience or appearance. Large scale alteration or recommends making assessments under the memory. Communal values are closely removal of features of this level is likely to following categories: bound up with historical (particularly be strongly resisted, associative) and aesthetic values, but tend to Evidential Value have additional and specific aspects, It can be The potential of a place to yield evidence commemorative, symbolic or spiritual. Medium: about past human activity Themes, features or spaces which are These categories will be broken down further important at regional level or sometimes Historical Value into more specific assessments including higher. They will have some cultural The ways in which past people, events and archaeological and ecological value. The importance and play an important role aspects of life can be connected through a assessment also takes into account guidance in defining the character and appearance place to the present. contained within the HLF’s Conservation of the building or site. Efforts should be Management Planning. made to retain features of this level, though a greater degree of flexibility in terms of alteration would be possible than for those items of high significance. 3.2 STATUTORY AND LOCAL • Prehistoric activity characterised in the The evidential significance of the Park Low: DESIGNATIONS wider area by the deposition of flint in terms of archaeological potential is Themes, features or spaces which are artefacts across the rising considered to be high. usually of local value only but possibly The Gunnersbury Park Conservation flood plain. The situation of the site on of regional significance for group or Area, the Listed Structures within it and the edge of the river flood plain offers an A number of the extant park buildings have other value. Items have minor cultural the Registered Park and Garden area all elevated location commonly favoured for the potential to tell us more about their importance and add something to the afforded protection through the statutory settlement activity during this period. former layout and construction through character or appearance of the buildings and local government planning systems. analysis of their surviving fabric. This is or site. A greater degree of alteration While there are other parks in the UK that • Evidence relating to the former medieval particularly true of the two mansions. or removal would be possible than for contain several heritage assets, the high manor house believed to have been This potential remains to be exploited for items of high or medium significance, number of listed structures as well as the located within the park boundary. other buildings across the Park and may be link to the conservation area and recognition particularly informative in some of the least though a low value does not necessarily • Evidence for the layout of the 18th of the importance of the Park through its understood or well documented buildings in mean a feature is expendable. century Palladian mansion and associated status as a Registered Park and Garden are the park, for example the demolished service structures and landscaping unique and notable at Gunnersbury. These buildings formally extant at the proposed designations are official recognition of the • Evidence for the changing layout of the development site. Neutral: high heritage significance of the Park. The estate landscape, periodically described These themes, spaces or features have parks designation as Metropolitan Open in the documentary record and through The evidential significance of the Park in little or no cultural value but do not Land; and as a Site of Borough Importance, fragmentary above ground survival. Such terms of historic buildings archaeology is detract from the character or appearance Grade II for Nature Conservation also add to information could provide important considered to be medium. of the building or site. Alteration is likely its cumulative significance. information on how the Park was used to be possible. during previous phases. A large corpus of documentary evidence 3.3 EVIDENTIAL VALUE survives chronicling the development of park, • At the proposed development site much of which is piecemeal and fragmentary The evidential value of the Park lies in its itself, a potential exists for the recovery in nature. Much of the information has potential to provide further information Intrusive: of buried deposits associated with the been collated at the Gunnersbury Park on the evolution of the Park which may Themes, features or spaces which actually historic service buildings relating to Museum, but beyond this, archival material is enhance understanding of the Park and detract from the values of the site and its Gunnersbury Park House shown to have dispersed across a number of repositories. contribute to its heritage significance. character and appearance. Efforts should occupied the site on historic maps. Consultation with local community groups be made to remove these features. show that there are a number of local In terms of buried archaeological potential, The surviving landscape and built heritage historians actively researching the Park. Gaps previous and ongoing archaeological features have a considerable group value, with within the documentary record offer the investigations within the Park have identified the potential to further our understanding of opportunity for further research and collation a high potential for the recovery of buried how the estate functioned and was enjoyed of sources archaeological evidence within the park historically. Though much of the landscape boundary. Such evidence has the potential context has been lost, its recovery through The evidential significance of the Park to reveal more about those elements of the archaeological investigation presents the in terms of the documentary record to park’s history which are perhaps less well potential for the general public to once again further enhance understanding of the Park covered by the documentary record, these appreciate these past aspects of the Park. particularly in relation to the service buildings include for example: formally extant at the site is considered to be medium. 32 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 3.4 HISTORIC VALUE The buildings at Gunnersbury are associated ◊ William Kent (1658 – 1748), who is ◊ Sir William Chambers (1723 – 1796), with a number of prominent architects and thought to have contributed various who designed the Doric Temple The historic value of the Park lies landscape designers, including: landscape features. Kent was an for Princess Amelia. Chambers was predominantly in its far reaching historic architect, landscape architect and a Scottish architect who acted as associations and its documented past. There ◊ John Webb (1611 – 1672), who furniture designer, and is well known a major proponent for the revival have been several prominant ownerships constructed the now demolished for his application of Palladian style. of Adam in British . and changing of hands of the estate Palladian House and the adjacent Through a relationship with the He designed several buildings at throughout its history, including the division terrace. He is known for his 3rd Earl of Burlington, he designed (some have been and re-unification of some areas of land. apprenticeship-style relationship with the at demolished but others, such as the This has led to a complexity of historical , his work at The Vyne (demolished 1830), Treasury Buildings Pagoda and Orangery, still survive), development as well as associations with in Hampshire, where he is thought and in and on The Strand is numerous important architects and owners. to have designed the first classical some interiors for Houghton Hall. debatably his most famous building, portico on an English country house, he also carried out additions at The Parkland and Large Mansion were and his design for King Charles Court Milton Abbey in Dorset. originally part of a larger estate, and in Greenwich (which later became the construction of the Small Mansion the first part of Greenwich Hospital). clearly shows how the estate was divided ◊ William Fuller Pocock (1779 – and – at least for a time – occupied by 1849) who designed the East Lodge different owners. This, as well as the later W ebb’s contribution to English and Gate. Pocock was involved in re-unification by the Rothschild family – Palladianism is internationally renowned all manner of professions, including are important aspects of the historical initially through his association with Inigo design of monuments, building, development of the Park which add to its Jones and later in his own right. architecture, property development uniqueness. and carpentry. He designed numerous W ebb design at Gunnersbury rural buildings and suburban villas The historic association with Princess incorporating a portico was pioneering and wrote several books, the most Amelia is also of particular historic interest, and the building would have been notable of which was his Designs for with structures such as the Temple and the striking in the English landscape when Churches and Chapels (1819). Bathhouse being essential for understanding built. Although Webb’s mansion at Gunnersbury is now lost, its role in her influence upon the estate. ◊ William Willmer Pocock (1813- the evolution of English Palladianism is 1899) who extended Gunnersbury significant. Following completion of the House and was perhaps involved Gunnersbury mansion, Webb went on with the extension of the Bathhouse. to showcase his architectural style at William Kent, by William Aikman William Willmer was the son of Greenwich . William Fuller, and took over some of his father’s business following his death. Though not as prolific or as much of a “Renaissance man” as his father, William Willmer was responsible for the design of buildings

3 Significance 33 such as the Metropolitan Tabernacle ◊ James Pulham (1793-1838) whose During WWII Gunnersbury Park was 3.5 AESTHETIC VALUE and the Worshipful Company of company, James Pulham & Son, used as a heavy anti-aircraft artillery site. Carpenters, both in London. designed the Potomac Tower. The Photographic and cartographic evidence are The aesthetic value of the Park lies in firm is still known today for their rock key reminders of this significant part of the the architectural and landscape quality of ◊ Sidney Smirke (1797-1877), who gardens, grottoes and follies, many of Park’s history. individual components and their integrity as designed the Orangery, Stables, which were constructed using their a cohesive group. portico, and extension and internal own Pulhamite fake stone, invented The association of a wide range of renowned modifications, to the Large Mansion. by the second James Pulham (1820 individuals with the Park contributes greatly Given the various owners and architects Smirke, the younger brother of – 1898). They were granted a Royal to historic significance, this significance is associated with the Park, there is a clear well-known architect , Warrant by the Prince of Wales in enhanced by events held at the estate such demonstration of fashions in design, was an English architect awarded 1895. The Pulham company appears as parties thrown by the Rothschild’s, the well popularity of garden buildings and follies, the RIBA gold medal in 1860 and to have been involved with the documented opening ceremony of the public and the architectural styles which were associate of the Royal Academy from creation of several other features, at park during the 1920s and the modern day used at various points in history. This results 1847. Some of his most notable the Park including rockwork edging, London Mela which celebrates Asian culture in a rich and varied heritage landscape. commissions were the Carlton Club islands, and possibly a fernery, parts and art. The historical value of the Park and The buildings and garden landscaping were in Pall Mall and the Round Reading of the Gothic ruins, rockery (in its its buildings – particularly through association influenced by a number of 18th and 19th Room of the . original location), water gardens with John Webb and his palladian mansion century architectural styles and landscaping near the Potomac and the Japanese Sidney Smirke and the Rothschild family is genres including classical, gothick, Gothic and garden. considered to be very high. landscape style. In this way, the Park acts as a visual reference scale for changing design tastes. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, the Rothschild family left their mark on Architectural design is closely linked to the Gunnersbury bringing with them modern designed landscape: buildings within it behave ideas and technology, such as motor cars, as ‘incidents’ in the landscape, demonstrating electricity and household paraphilia. The variation in landscape design as well as Rothschild’s were a high profile aristocratic architectural style. European family during this period; making their money from banking and textiles. Their The aesthetic quality of the landscaped association with Gunnersbury is a particular gardens has been diluted over time through contributor to heritage significance. the insertion of later development phases and changes associated with municipal use. While these changes tell the story of the Park, they can be seen as intrusive in terms of the aesthetic ‘purity’ of the Park. (1798-1877)

34 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 There is considerable potential to improve 3.6 COMMUNAL VALUE The existing café is a hub for visitors to the the aesthetic quality of the Park through park and this communal significance would considerate repair of park structures and The communal value of the Park is be enhanced by a new more historically landscapes and through the careful re- exceptional. The Park is used by a wide sympathetic café and carriage space which presentation of park strictures in their historic cross section of the local and regional would act as a further draw for visitors. While setting. This relationship has been eroded community for a number of uses. While disseminating the history of the Park to over time though municipalisation of the park. heritage is perhaps not the main motivator passers by. for drawing people to the Park, it is In terms of the site itself, its aesthetic quality recognised by visitors as a key definer of the The communal significance of the Park and is presently degraded by the existing cafe Park’s character. the Cafe (conceptually) is considered to be which is unsympathetic to its historic context high. both in terms of its design and its landscape There is communal value in the continuous setting incorporating a children’s playground, use of the estate and later the Park as a place slab paving and a toilet block. for entertainment and leisure activity. When in use as a private estate, numerous people The aesthetic quality of the Park is diverse would have used its pleasure grounds, with reflecting many phases of use and style, the the follies and buildings within it serving all aesthetic value of the Park is considered to manner of entertainment purposes. Though be high. However the aesthetic value of the the land is now a public park this function still specific area of the park where development exists, with many of the buildings currently is proposed is considered to be intrusive in used periodically as a venue for functions and its present state compromised by mid 20th events. The existance of a cafe within the park century intervention. draws visitors and perpetuates the historic use of the park for private and public leisure activity.

Some of the highest value heritage features across the site (i.e. the mansions, Temple Orangery, Temple and Potomac Lakes) are also the most visually prominent and act as a draw for visitors.

The use of the public park in the 20th century is of particularly high communal value. It is an important space for the general public and is of particular interest to residents of the two boroughs, as demonstrated by the existence of the Friends of Gunnersbury Park & Museum.

3 Significance 35 3.7 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANCE Detractors 3.8 SIGNIFICANCE OF VIEWS In the present day, there are a number of features and Gunnersbury Park is a unique place with a fascinating actions which detract from the heritage value of the site. The Site Setting and multi-faceted history. It is highly valued by While in the current heritage landscape, these features The setting of a heritage asset is defined in the glossary of the NPPF as many different user groups to whom a sustainable are considered to be intrusive, a number offer the being “the surroundings in which a heritage asset is experienced. Its extent is and historically appropriate future is a concern. opportunity for considered enhancement. These include: not fixed and may change as the asset and its surroundings evolve. Elements In summary, the significance of the proposed of a setting may make a positive or negative contribution to the significance development site stems from the following five main of an asset, may affect the ability to appreciate that significance or may be • Poor maintenance and aesthetic appearance of aspects: neutral”. the existing café Key Definers of high significance: • Poor quality setting of the existing café including The Setting of Heritage Assets defines the extent of setting as consisting the children’s play area and toilet block to the of curtilage, character and context. It notes that while the “importance • The communal value of the park and south of setting is often expressed by reference to visual considerations” (page 4, Section 2.2) the ways in which people experience the asset in its setting existing café to different user groups and • Poor state of repairs of park paths historically in its communal use as a public are affected by other elements such as noise, spatial associations and park. • Poor signage explaining history of the park understanding of historical relationships. • Parking in front of the Large and Small Mansions • The high quality of the park buildings In order to provide a clearer understanding of the setting of the proposed surrounding the café site and the unusual • Lack of connectivity with the service area of the café and exhibition space and the potential impact of the proposed combination reflecting many architectural Large Mansion development, an assessment based on the criteria in The Setting of and landscape styles rather than one phase Heritage Assets (specifically Section 4.2) is provided in section 4.3. of occupation. • The many layers of historic landscaping still The elements of the highest significance within the visual discernible across the park ranging from envelope of the proposed development site are the pre-park ridge and furrow to 17th, 18th Large Mansion and the Temple and Temple Pond, all of and 19th century designed landscapes to which are afforded a high significance. 20th century municipal landscaping. • The associative value of the park with nationally renowned individuals. This offers the potential to reach beyond the local population to a wider regional and national audience.

• The archaeological (evidential) potential of the café site to reveal evidence of pre-dating buried structures, in particular relating to the service wing / dairy associated with the Large Mansion

36 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 4.1 SUMMARY OF PROPOSALS

The proposals comprise the demolition of the existing mid-20th century park café and its replacement with a new café on a similar footprint. The new cafe will reflect the scale and 4 massing of the existing café and will be built using materials which do not jar against the IMPACT naturalistic setting. Glass will be used to reflect light, promote transparency and reduce the bulk of the structure and encourage views through the building across the landscape. The ASSESSMENT buildings will be broadly L-shaped in plain form. The bulk of the floor area occupied by the cafe and associated operational spaces. To the east of the cafe, an enclosed volume serves as a ‘shop window’ allowing for the display of the Carriages currently housed in the museum.

The existing historic planting around the new building will be retained and supplemented to limit views of the café and carriage display to glimpses from the main drive and the service wing and north front of the large mansion.

The plan below shows the proposed positioning of the new café and carriage display. The following elevations give a sense of how the new buildings will appear in the landscape and their scale and massing.

0 Section Footer 37 Existing mature shrub bed and specimen trees S2 End of raised bed removed to ground retained level and relaid in bitmac with tar and chip surface - to improve access between S1 museum and cafe whilst reßecting the original bed layout . Path leading A1 to Temple gravel maintenance Existing shrub bed path Y3 reshaped and edges

replanted Y3 Y3 SD Y3 new paved viewing

Y3 area under new Drive leading Existing ramped steps building canopy to museum

removed and new Y3 Y3 ramped path installed Y3 Y2 to DDA requirements Y3 Y2

Y2 Y3 Y3 Y3 Y3

Y2 Y3

NEW CAFE AND CARRIAGE DISPLAY Y4 Y4 Y3 See drawing : 6674 / 17 for detail Y2 Y3 New Cafe and Carriage Display Y3 Y3 building - see architects details Y4 Y4 Y4

A2 Y3 Y2 Y4 Y3 Y3 Y3 Y4 A2 Y3 Y4 Y3 Y3 A2

Y4 A2

Y3 Enclosed seating area A2 Y3 A2 A2 A2 A2 Y4 A2 Y3 Y4 Y3

A2 Y3

Y4 A2 A2 A2 Y3 Y4 Y3 A2

A2

A2

Paved cafe terrace in high Y4

quality concrete pavers, with A2 Y4 space for @150 covers A2 A2 TS1

Y4 Y4

A2 A2 SIF A2 Y4 TS1 Existing Birch Y4 Y3 A2

A2 Tree retained

Y3

A2 TS1 A2 A2 A2 A2 WC A2 A2

A2

A2

Y3 A2 New breedon gravel A2 TS1 A2 Y3 paths following desire A2 lines on lawn A2 A2 A2 A2 A2

A2 A2 A2 The proposed0 building footprint5 in landscapt10m context Y3 A2

A2 A2 Rev A Jan 15 Building outline & landscaping plan updated NOTE 01 UESTON LPACE Rodney Melv leil+ Part erns Project Gunnersbury Partk - Cafe and 1. This drawing is copyright. ELAMIN TGON PSA Scale 1:200@A3 Job No 6674 38 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 CHARTEREDARCHITECTS Carriage Display Building 2. All dimensions must be checked on site before proceeding. AWRWIC SKHIRE C 3V2 4LJ HISTORICBUILDINGCONSULTANTS Date Jan. 15 Drwg No 16 3. Dimensions of new work are to be adjusted to suit the existing building where necessary . T 0192 6 881311 Do not assume that the existing structure or details are plumb, square or level. Drawing Cafe and Carriage Display Site Plan F 0192 6 541766 www. mpruk. omc As Proposed Drawn RG Rev A 4. The contractor must report any discrepancies to the architect before proceeding. E arch t cet s@rimp uk com. Rodney Melv l eila dn Part erns Limi edt Proposed buildings in landscape context showing internal layout

4 Impact Assessment 39 SOUTH-EAST AND NORTH-WEST ELEVATIONS

40 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 NORTH-EAST AND SOUTH-WEST ELEVATIONS

4 Impact Assessment 41 CROSS SECTION THROUGH CAFE AND CARRIAGE DISPLAY AND CONSTRUCTION DETAIL

42 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 PHOTOMONTAGE SHOWING THE PREDICTED VIEW OF THE CAFE FROM THE FRONT OF THE LARGE MANSION-BROADLY COMPARABLE WITH VIEW 8

4 Impact Assessment 43 PLAN SHOWING PROPOSED LAYOUT CAFE AND CARRIAGE DISPLAY

Net Internal Area Schedule:

Carriage Display: 61.6m2 20.90 21.075 21.25 21.25 21.25 Main Entrance Cafe Seating: 116m2

Kitchen + Servery: 53.3m2

Chilled Store: 10.3m2

Dry Store: 10.3m2 Bi-fold Doors Staff Room + Lockers: 6.1m2

20.90 Plant Room + Cleaners Store: 4.7m2 20.90 21.25 Staff WC: 2.5m2 A Carriage A Display Unisex WC 1: 2.3m2 (61.6m2 NIA) Unisex WC 2: 2.3m2

External Public Baby Change: 2.9m2 Seating (Below Canopy) Accessible WC: 4.7m2 Cafe Seating (116m2 NIA) Circulation - Lobby 1: 5.3m2 20.90 21.25 Full height Circulation - Lobby 2: 4.8m2 glass doors (Carriage 21.25 TOTAL NIA 287m2 Access) TOTAL GIA 300m2

External Spaces:

20.90 Public Viewing area for Carriages: 24.4m2

External seating below Canopy: 41.9m2 20.90 21.25 External Public Viewing (Below Enclosed seating area: 42.2m2 Canopy) Museum Staff External Bin Store: 6.3m2 Access to Carriages Materials Description: Unisex Foundations: WC Till Concrete Piles supporting concrete ground beams and slab

21.25 Staff Primary Structure: Access Load bearing concrete blockwork walls and steel frame Lobby 1 21.25 20.90 20.90 20.90 Unisex 21.25 WC Secondary Structure: Te a / Coffee / Cake Softwood timber framing

0 1 2 3 4 5 External Wall Finish: Food Prep. Siberian Larch cladding on timber battens (hit and miss boards) Baby Accessible Change Cooking / Internal Walls and Ceiling: 21.075 WC Food Oven Prep. Plasterboard & Decorated

Staff Dish Windows / External Doors: WC Washing Serving Triple Glazed argon filled with powder coated aluminum frames 21.25 Kitchen + Hatch Servery Internal Doors: (53.3m2 NIA) Timber N.B. See drawing 6674-16 showing Floor: proposed Site Plan + building in context 21.25 Lobby 2 Hand Polished white concrete 21.25 Bins Bins Wash See drawing 6674-20 for section A-A Roof: Flat roof construction with EPDM finish. Coloured Zinc fascia. 21.25 Staff Room Public Access + Lockers 21.25 21.25 Bin Store: Plant Dry Storage Chilled Storage Siberian Larch Cladding + Timber decking Back of House Room 21.25 Enclosed seating (10.3m2 NIA) (10.3m2 NIA) area + Seating Plinths: Principal Steel Structure Cleaners Concrete and Siberian Larch capping Store Extent of Roof Canopy Drainage: Cast iron downpipes to gullies + perimeter channel drain Cast Iron Downpipes 21.40 Mechanical + Electrical Installations: Underfloor heating to Cafe Seating, Kitchen, WC and Carriage Display Conservation heating in Carriage Display with Extract fans for External Bin 21.40 21.40 21.40 21.25 Summer ventilation Storage Extract to Kitchen and WC's

Embankment 21.85 21.85 21.85 21.85 21.85 A 05.01.15 Footprint of Carriages Display reduced HT NOTE 01 UESTON LPACE + Project Gunnersbury Park - Cafe and Carriage ELAMIN TGON PSA Rodney Melv l eil Part erns 1. This drawing is copyright. Scale 1:100 @ A3 Job No 6674 AWRWIC SKHIRE CHARTEREDARCHITECTS Display Building 2. All dimensions must be checked on site before proceeding. C 3V2 4LJ HISTORICBUILDINGCONSULTANTS Date Nov. 2014 Drwg No 3. Dimensions of new work are to be adjusted to suit the existing building where necessary. 17 T 01926 881311 Drawing Building Plan As Proposed Do not assume that the existing structure or details are plumb, square or level. F 01926 541766 www. mpruk. omc Drawn AMC Rev A 4. The contractor must report any discrepancies to the architect before proceeding. E arch t cets@rimpuk co m. Rodney Melv l eila dn Part erns Limi edt 44 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 4.2 ASSESSMENT METHOLOGY

In order to understand the potential effect of the proposals on the significance of the surrounding setting as well as on nearby heritage assets, the following assessment provides a comparable analysis of the heritage values against the level of impact.

This assessment is based on the observations made while on site and a review of the design proposals. The level of impact will take into account the significance of the heritage asset and the surrounding buildings and spaces, in order to weigh this against the level of change and conclude with a level of impact. The impact will be assessed based on the following criteria:

Magnitude of Impact Definition The proposals considerably enhance setting, context or character of the area, or enhance heritage assets and the High Beneficial ability to appreciate its significance. The alterations enhance to a clearly discernible extent setting, context or character, heritage assets or the ability to Medium Beneficial appreciate their significance. The alterations enhance to a minor extent setting, context, character, heritage assets or the ability to appreciate Low Beneficial their significance.

Neutral The alterations do not affect setting, context, character or heritage assets.

The alterations harm to a minor extent setting, context or character of the area, heritage assets or the ability to Minor Adverse appreciate their significance. The alterations harm to a clearly discernible extent setting, context or character of the area, heritage assets or the Moderate Adverse ability to appreciate their significance. The alterations severely harm the context, setting and character of an area, heritage assets or the ability to High Adverse appreciate their significance values.

Discussion within the table within the following table takes into consideration guidance set out within The Setting of Heritage Assets which states that it is important to understand the impact of proposals upon a heritage asset based on a number of criteria, which can generally be divided into four categories: location and siting; form and appearance; additional effects; and permanence. These characteristics are used to assess the impact of proposals on change.

4 Impact Assessment 45 4.3 IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Element Description of Impact Magnitude of Impact

Service Area of Limited glimpses of the service area associated with the Large Mansion are afforded from the Neutral Large Mansion proposed development site. Historically the proposed development site was occupied by buildings associated with the servicing of the estate enhancing its connection with the Large Mansion. The proposed café would be set in re-landscaped grounds which seek to retain the low level of interconnectivity between the site and service area. The scale and massing of the introduced structures would be comparable to the existing café when viewed from the south; therefore the level of change associated with the introduction of a new café to the setting of the service area of the large mansion is considered to be negligible.

The Large The formal areas of the Large Mansion are located to the east of the service wing. The front (north) Neutral Mansion-Formal elevation fronts on to the Carriage Drive and north lawn. The formal building is separated from Areas the service area by a single storey height screen wall supplemented with planting. The screen wall continues to perform its historic function in the present day and restricts views of the existing café and proposed development site from the north elevation of the Large Mansion. The scale and massing of the new structures would be comparable to the existing café which is not visible from the north elevation of the Large Mansion from ground level. Glimpses of the Carriage Display will become visible as the visitor traverses the carriage drive heading north from the Large Mansion. Sympathetic signage will be introduced to lead visitors from the Large Mansion to the café, in this way, the buildings will have a greater presence in the landscape than the existing café, however it is acknowledged that a certain level of presence is vital in connecting up the disparate elements of the park.

Formal The approach to the Large Mansion is formed of the sweeping Carriage Drive with open lawns to Minor adverse Approach to the east and perimeter planning to the west. In the current landscape, this planting screens views of Large Mansion the existing café and the Temple and Temple Pond. This results is a distinct separation of the formality of the mansion from the pleasure gardens to the east. Construction of the Carriage Display would necessitate the small scale felling of trees and shrubs which would also effectively reduce screen planting and open up glimpses of the Carriage Display from the Carriage Drive. While these glimpses are vital to introducing visitors to the carriages on arrival, it is proposed that views of the carriages are occassional rather than open views. This will be achieved by strategic supplementary planting and will seek to retain the visual barrier between the formal estate and its former pleasure grounds.

46 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 Element Description of Impact Magnitude of Impact

Views While the assessment of views outlined on pages 25-30 applies to general views toward the site, it is Minor adverse also important to consider views both to and from the proposed development site. As the new café is proposed at the existing café site and will occupy a similar footprint scale and massing, there would be minimal change in views as a result of construction of the new café.

The proposed Carriage Display while discreet in stature will be partially visible in the landscape particularly from the Carriage Drive. The prominence of the buildings will be managed through the considerate use of materials and finishes and through supplementary planting. It is accepted that strategic glimpses of the new structures will be beneficial to the cohesiveness of the whole estate, these views will be managed to retain historic integrity.

The Temple Partial views of the existing café are possible from the front of the Temple; the introduction of a new Neutral café on a comparable footprint would maintain these glimpses as is. Views of the proposed carriage display are not afforded from this location.

Conservation The character of the Conservation Area lies in the diversity of buildings and features within the Low beneficial Area and park dating from various phases of occupation. The proposed new structures can be seen as a Registered Park development of this theme in their reflection of the evolving use of the Park. Care must also be and Garden taken to respect the separation of the distinctive character areas of the Park. The new structures are proposed within the same character area and do not fringe on adjacent areas i.e. the formal lawns and the Temple Pond. The impact of the new structures on the Conservation Area will be mitigated through the use of discreet and park appropriate materials and considered design.

The character of the Conservation Area will be enhanced through the demolition of the existing poor quality café and replacement of a design more appropriate to the historic integrity of the Park.

Context and The redevelopment of the Café site has been evolved in tandem with a revived designed landscape. Medium beneficial Setting The landscape proposal seeks to allow the new building to ‘settle’ within its immediate context utilising existing historic planting patterns and softening the delineation between the formal approach to the Large Mansion and its formal designed landscape, one landscape connection which has been eroded through inappropriate late 20th century intervention.

4 Impact Assessment 47 5 CONCLUSION In order to understand the potential impact public benefit in introducing these structures of the proposals on heritage, this report to the site outweighs the low level of heritage has sought to assess the overall history, harm identified. development and setting of the site within both its historical and present context. It should be noted that all of the built heritage impacts identified in this report are The proposed new building would be set considered to be indirect and that there is no within a carefully designed landscape allowing proposed demolition or alteration to known, the building to settle within its transionary above ground, heritage assets. This lack of location between the formal approach to direct impact on heritage assets has reduced the Large Mansion and its associated formal the adverse impacts of the scheme overall, gardens. This area was historically occupied with proposed impact ratings ranging from by service buildings and the reuse of the area low beneficial to minor adverse. as a Café perpetuates this use while seeking to unite the disparate areas of the Large As such, the overall potential heritage Mansion estate eroded by piecemeal late impact for development of the site 20th century intervention. is considered to result in less than substantial harm to the heritage value Overall, it can be summarised that the of Gunnersbury Park. Redevelopment proposed new buildings will be discrete of the Café will seek to promote the interventions which will respect the various aesthetic and communal quality of historic character areas across the Park, the Park resulting in a cumulative particularly the division between the formal enhancement to the heritage value of and service areas of the estate. While there the Park as a whole. will be some alteration in views from the Carriage Drive, towards the new Café and carriage display, it is believed that the greater

48 APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY Please refer to the previous CMP for additional sources which have not been referenced in this updated document.

Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable) Maps Plan of Gunnersbury Park Driver, E 1835 Printed sale plan of Gunnersbury Park as developed by Copland since c.1801. & Mansion ... Rothchild Archive, New Court. Greenwood 1819 Plan of Middlesex Maps BL Maps A detailed plan, which Copy in GPM Plan Chest 84.99; Map of Gunnersbury Park also includes two ‘Geological Sections’ The ; Royal Kretschmar, E. 1847 further copy at Rothchild Archive, with vignette views through the park and a series of sketches of Archives, Windsor New Court. scenes and buildings within the park. Map of the Parish of Ealing by William Nichols of Brentford. Shows Pleasure Gardens enlarged to include land Nichols, William (of AA Report see GPM: FC3 1777 Map of the Parish of Ealing to south and west. House enlarged. Ealing Library Brentford) 82.33/1a‐4a Gardens still enclosed by a wall. Horseshoe Pond, Round Pond, Temple, two gothic buildings and ?2 further buildings. Map of the Parish of Ealing by William Nichols of Brentford. By the 1822 edition the two gothic buildings were not shown. One of the buildings, a tall spire, in the SW corner of the park, is shown in an C18 Nichols, William (of 1777 (revised AA Report see GPM: FC3 Map of the Parish of Ealing watercolour. The other, which looks like a Ealing Library Brentford) 1822) 82.33/1a‐4a church, resembles the gothic Priory of St Hubert, built by Richard Bentley for Henrietta Howard at Marble Hill. The ‘Priory’ functioned as a barn for the Marble Hill Farm. Ordnance Survey 1807‐1808 Surveyors Notebook Surveyors Notebook Drawings Sheet 152 British Library Card 210 Ordnance Survey 1865 OS Map 1st edition Ordnance Survey 25” series surveyed 1865, published 1880. British Library Maps Mddx sheet XVI.13 & XXI.1 1st edition Ordnance Survey 25” series surveyed 1865, published 1880. Ordnance Survey 1865 OS Map Coloured and annotated in red ink with Tithe details. Rothchild Archive, New Court. Mddx sheet XVI.13 & XXI.1 Ordnance Survey 1865 OS Map 1st edition Ordnance Survey 6” series surveyed 1865, published 1874. National Library of Scotland Mddx sheet XVI & XXI 2nd edition Ordnance Survey 25” series surveyed 1891‐93, published 1894‐ Ordnance Survey 1891‐93 OS Map 96. British Library Maps Mddx sheet XVI.13 & XXI.1 Ordnance Survey 1891‐93 OS Map 2nd edition Ordnance Survey 6” series surveyed 1891‐93, published 1894‐96. British Library Maps Mddx sheet XVI & XXI Ordnance Survey 1915 OS Map Ordnance Survey 25” scale 3rd edition British Library Maps Mddx sheet XVI.13 & XXI.1 Ordnance Survey 1915 OS Map Ordnance Survey 6” scale 3rd edition British Library Maps Mddx sheet XVI & XXI Ordnance Survey 1935 OS Map Ordnance Survey 25” scale revised edition British Library Maps Mddx sheet XVI.13 & XXI.1 Ordnance Survey 1965 OS Map Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 scale British Library Maps Mddx sheet XVI.13 & XXI.1 Ordnance Survey 1960 1960 OS Map Ordnance Survey Map ‐ First edition National Grid 1:2500 series British Library Maps

Appendix A: Bibliography 49 Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable)

A Plan of the Cities of London & , and Borough of Southwark. Roque, Plan of London… Showing a formal garden, enclosed by walls. The rest of the estate Rocque, John 1746 and the County Near Ten AA Report Copy in GPM Plan Chest was laid out as orchards and as parkland, Miles Round with an avenue (surveyed 1741). Plan of Gunnersbury Park showing ‘Polo Field’ of 17 acres to the west of the Unknown nd Plan showing polo field Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM85.98/15b. (Ealing) park. Plan of Gunnersbury Shows leasehold and freehold areas and environs of mansion including Unknown 1784 GPM Estate walled garden to south & terrace; no ponds shown

Plan of the Gunnersbury Estate, the property of Mr Estate divided into 9 lots with acreage of each, shows Round Pond and 'Dairy Unknown 1800 Morley, as allotted for safe Soane Museum Drawer 30. Set 3. Item 2, held with House' (Temple). d: July 22nd 1800 material on estate that Soane eventually bought. Indenture including a plan of the garden. GPM: Plan Chest Plan showing division of Shows the ‘Dairy House’ (Temple) by the 85.98/1 (Plan) GPM: Unknown 1801 or 1802 Gunnersbury Park Museum estate Round Pond and the division of land into Box File 1 13 plots (transcript) Plan of Gunnersbury Park Unknown 1835 Plan of Gunnersbury Park House and Grounds, part of deeds House and Grounds LMA? Copy GPM Plan of Gunnersbury 1836 in corner of a deed showing paths, Italian Gardens, GPM: FC3 85.130/3 (plan) GPM: building locations (prob. The alcove in southern belt, gothic buildings in west Unknown 1836 Plan of Gunnersbury 1836 Ealing Library Box File 1 (transcript of deed) belt and Dairy [Temple] by Round Pond), and tree types. Deed gives further (Ealing Library) details Plan of Gunnersbury Park Plan of Gunnersbury Park showing purchase of additional land in 1861 (331 Ealing Library: C‐W (illustration) Unknown 1861 showing purchase of acres) including Coles Hole, a former clay pit, which became the Potomac Copy at GPM additional land in 1861 Lake. The Tile Kiln was converted into the Boathouse and folly tower.

Unknown 1839 Ealing Parish Tithe Map Tithe Map London Metropolitan Archives LMA TA/EAL; Copy GPM Unknown 1839 Tithe Map of Ealing Tithe Map of Ealing London Metropolitan Archives LMA TA/EAL

Unknown 1855 Plan of Gunnersbury 1855 Plan of Gunnersbury Park showing the Bishop of London’s leasehold lands. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Plan Chest 85.98/11b

Plan as part of Indenture GPM: Plan Chest 85.98/12a (plan) Unknown 1862 with land to east marked Plan as part of Indenture with land to east marked ‘late Thomas Farmer Esq’. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 (transcript) ‘late Thomas Farmer Esq’. Sketch plan of water Unknown 1884 Sketch plan of Water Supply and Fire Service at Gunnersbury Park Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Plan Chest 81.100/1 supply Artillery placement within Unknown 1981 Map showing WWII artillery placements within Gunnersbury Park Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Plan Chest Gunnersbury Park

50 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable) Plan of Gunnersbury Park showing the ‘Polo Field’ of 17 acres in the west of GPM: Plan Chest 85.98/15b Unknown Early C20 Plan showing polo field Ealing Library the park. (Ealing) Architectural Drawings Elevation of John Webb's Engraving of north front of Webb house GPM: Green Box Green, B. (after S. Wale) c.1761 Gunnersbury Park Museum House with scalloped forecourt walls. T610/0‐1 & 60.68 Plans & front elevation of Engraving of Gunnersbury House, Vitruvius Brit. Vol 1 Jones, Inigo c. 1715 John Webb's house from attributed by to Inigo RIBA 1715 p117‐118 Vitruvius Britannicus Jones

James Pulham’s initial Pulham, J. W. C19th design for the boathouse Sketch design of Potomac Lake boat house Gunnersbury Park Museum Rothschild Archive on Potomac lake. Plan of Small Mansion Plan of Small Mansion ground floor ‘as proposed to be altered’ by Sydney Smirke, Sydney c.1835 RIBA ground floor Smirke c. 1835 Plan of Small Mansion Smirke, Sydney c.1835 Drawing of proposed Conservatory by Smirke. Rothschild Archive GPM: FC3 81.17/13 conservatory Smirke’s design for the Smirke, Sydney c.1835 Design for Small Mansion doors RIBA new doors South elevation drawn by Smirke, Sydney c.1835 South elevation of Small Mansion RIBA Smirke Ground floor plan is Smirke, Sydney c.1835 Plan of Small Mansion ground floor as altered by Smirke RIBA altered by Smirke Drawing of proposed Smirke, Sydney 1835 Drawing of proposed Conservatory by Smirke. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: FC3 81.17/13 Conservatory by Smirke.

Ground Plan of Ground plan of the Gunnersbury Park House ‘as proposed to be altered’ by Smirke, Sydney 1835 Rothschild Archive GPM: Plan Chest (Rothschild) Gunnerbury Park 1835 Sydney Smirke dated September 2 1835. Shows the Carriage Drive approach.

Plan by Sydney Smirke showing the drainage between the two parts of Plan of drainage by S Smirke, Sydney 1838 Horseshoe pond and showing divisions between the ponds. Refers to the Ealing Library GPM: Plan Chest 85.98/76 (Ealing) Smirke fountain in Mr Farmer’s pond. Drawing of the south Drawing of the south elevation of Gunnersbury Park House, by Sydney Smirke Smirke, Sydney 1835 Gunnersbury Park Museum Rothschild; CPM: FC3 81.17/11b elevation 1835, showing the exterior before Smirke’s alterations. Sydney Smirke’s Smirke, Sydney 1836‐1847 Sydney Smirke’s Scrapbook, including designs for Gunnersbury Scrapbook Elevation of East Stable Smirke, Sydney c.1836 Sydney Smirke’s elevation for the East Stable Block block Watercolour of Smirk’s Watercolour of Smirk’s Orangery (built c1836‐38) Shows its immediate Unknown Post 1843 Rothschild Archive, New Court. Collett‐White (illustration). Orangery setting on the west side of Horseshoe pond.

Appendix A: Bibliography 51 Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable)

Drawing of a garden building ‘In the Gardens at Gunnersbury’. Possibly by Drawing of a garden William Chambers Shown in Payne view of 1792 and probably demolished Unknown Pre‐1792 building ‘In the Gardens at GPM: FC3 60.115 () c1800. The Bath house is now located very near the site of this building and Gunnersbury’. the two are therefore unlikely to have co‐existed. Plan and elevation of the GPM: FC3 81.17/14 (Rothschild Unknown Mid C19 lodge showing the new Plan and elevation of the lodge showing the new porch Gunnersbury Park Museum Scrap). porch Unknown 1928 Ground floor plan, 1928 Ground floor plan of Large Mansion Gunnersbury Park Museum John Webb, public and son‐in‐law (?) of Inigo Jones, built Gunnersbury House for John Maynard. Designs by Webb at RIBA. Webb was assisted by Edward Webb, J. c.1658 Designs by J. Webb RIBA Marshall and Inigo Jones may have been involved in the design of the house, which was completed in 1663 Books & Other Publications Angus described Gunnersbury in 1787. The Seats of the Nobility The Gardens had been ‘greatly improved by Angus, W. 1787 and Gentry in Great her Royal Highness, to which many N/A N/A Britain and Wales Additions were made by Plantations, additional Grounds and elegant erections’. The Victoria History of the Counties of England: A History of Middlesex, pp. Baker, T. F. T. 1982 A History of Middlesex 125‐6. Middlesex Monthly , 2 Blumstein, M. H. 1953 ‘Historic houses of the County: Gunnersbury Park’. Apr., pp. 28‐32. Fete at Gunnersbury July 1838. Described Victoria, Albert and Mrs GPM: Plan Chest Boyken, E. (ed.) 1958 in Victoria, Albert and Mrs Stevenson Ed. Gunnersbury Park Museum Stevenson 86.103/1 E Boykin 1958 Description of an 1838 Fete at Gunnersbury July 1838. Described in Victoria, Albert and Mrs Boykin, E. 1958 Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Plan Chest 86.103/1 fete at Gunnersbury Stevenson Ed. E Boykin 1958 Gunhilda's Graceful Bradley‐Hole, K 2004 Grounds', Country Life , 22 Article on grounds using historic CL images. July, pp. 56‐59. Journal of the Japanese M. Bushy, ‘The lost Japanese garden of Gunnersbury Park, West Bushy, M 1997 Garden SocietySummer London’,Shakkeipp. 62‐65. 1997 Campbell, C. 1715 Vitruvius Britannicus Engraving of Gunnersbury House, attributed by Colen Campbell to Inigo Jones RIBA (also available online) Vitruvius Brit. Vol 1 1715 p117‐118 Gunnersbury Park and The Booklet containing the history of the park between Heritage Publications, Collett‐White, A. 1993 Rothschilds 1835 and 1926, with some details on the earlier and later history London Borough of Hounslow. Gunnersbury Park and the Rothschilds. Heritage Publications, London Gunnersbury Park and the Borough of Hounslow. Booklet containing the history of the park between Collett‐White, A. and J. 1993 Rothschilds 1835 and 1926, with some details on the earlier and later history & repro of some 1910‐12 Autochromes. Ripley with a Ruler', The Corner, G. R. 1851 Builder , 9, p. 3.

52 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable) Gardener's Magazine 28 Curtis, C.A. 1906 C.A. Curtis, ‘Gunnersbury Park, Acton’. Gunnersbury Park Museum GM 28 July 1906 GPM: Box File 1 July, pp. 496‐8. A Tour Through the Whole described Gunnersbury in his Tour. The Island of Great Britain 3 description refers to the Terrace, steps Defoe, D. 1742 Defoe Tour … Vol 3 (3rd Ed.) pp.290‐291 down to the garden, which was ‘too plain’ within appendix) and enclosed by walls. William Kent; Landscape Dixon‐Hunt, J. 1978 William Kent, Landscape Designer, by John Dixon Hunt Designer ‘Gunnersbury House near R. & J. Dodsley, ‘Gunnersbury House near Ealing’ inLondon and its Environs Dodsley, R and Dodsley, J. 1761 Ealing’ inLondon and its Described3pp. 110‐111. Description of Gunnersbury in London and its Gunnersbury Park Museum Vol. 3 1761 GPM: Box File 1 Environs Described Environs Described – very similar to Defoe Elliot, B. 1986 Victorian Gardens Victorian Gardens Batsford. Elliot, B. 1992 The GardenDec 1992 B. Elliott, ‘Note on H.J. Farmer’ p. 594. Elliot, B. 1992 The GardenMarch 1992 B. Elliott, ‘Top marks for James Hudson’ pp. 118‐119. Rest garden where a Article by E.T. & B.D., ‘Rest garden where a princess bathed’ in Acton Gazette Acton Gazette and E.T. & B.D. 1951 princess bathed and West London Post Post March 30 1951 An account of a period in horticultural history, which looks at the revolution Elliot, B. 1986 Victorian Gardens in aesthetics, the rise of the head gardener, the high Victorian garden and Gunnersbury Park Museum 1986.35 history and horticulture. Morison’s widow, Jane, Countess of Carnwarth, sold Gunnersbury House and grounds to Thomas Farmer in 1828. Sale advertised in The Morning Chronicle T. Faulkner ‐ Brentford, Ealing & 23 July 1828 as a ‘beautiful freehold estate forming the East End of Faulkner, T. 1828 The Morning Chronicle Gunnersbury Park Museum Chiswick 1845 GPM: Box File 1 Gunnersbury Park. Refers to ‘commanding terrace walk’ ‘elegant (copy) Conservator’ ‘lawn and pleasure ground’ and an ‘ornamental dairy in the gothic style and cold bath’. The History and Faulkner, T. 1845 Antiquities of Brentford, Ealing and Chiswick , p.257

Festing, S. 1997 Article S. Festing, ‘Recent discoveries and restoration of Pulham sites’ pp. 235‐237. Garden History 25‐1997 The Gardeners’ G. Gordon, ‘A Japanese Garden in England’ illustration of the Japanese Gordon, G. 1902 Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 Magazine45Mar. 15 Garden, pp. 160‐161. Gunnersbury Park 1984 Gunnersbury Park guidebook Gunnersbury Park Museum Museum A Japanese Garden in Hudson, J. 1907 Journal of the Royal Horticultural Societ y, pp. 1‐10 England' The Garden, 01 Mar, pp. Hudson, J. 1902 J. Hudson, ‘Wall gardening at Gunnersbury’. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 140‐141. Journal of Horticulture 25 J. Hudson, ‘Hardy Nymphaeas’, Notes of the Waterlily collection pp. 139‐141 J.Hortand Cottage Gardener25 Aug Hudson, J. 1898 Gunnersbury Park Museum Aug & 8 Sept continued Sept 8 p. 188, 189. & 8 Sept 1898 Journal of the Royal Hudson, J. 1907 J. Hudson, ‘A Japanese garden in England’ Horticultural Society

Appendix A: Bibliography 53 Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable) Journal of the Royal Hudson, J. 1908 Horticultural Society , 33, J. Hudson, ‘Plants for terrace gardening’. Re Small Mansion terrace pp. 369‐77. Journal of the Royal Hudson, J. 1909‐1910 J. Hudson, ‘The gardens by the Lake of Como, pp. 204‐12. Horticultural Society Journal of the Royal Hudson, J. 1914‐1915 Horticultural Society , 40, ‘Informal and wild gardening’. pp. 361‐71. Jackson 1898 Annals of Ealing Description of estate owners in early C19. Based largely on Faulkner 1845. GPM transcription Follies and Grottoes, p. Jones, B. 1979 Secondary Source 329. Re lost sculpture: 'Eve Bathing Near fountain' possibly a Coade water nymph Kelly, A. 1990 Mrs Coade's Stone with amphora. The Cottage Gardener and Country Gentleman’s Keane, W. 1837 Companion , March 24, p. 425.

Keane states that the landscaping during this period was by Kent, who was commissioned by Furnese in 1740. This is backed up by a payment by Beauties of Middlesex , pp. Keane, W. 1850 Furnese to Kent in April 1743 for A£55 (Hoare’s Bank archives) and by at least 88‐91. three recorded visits by Kent to Gunnersbury in 1744 and 1745 (Letters Kent to Lord Burlington at Chatsworth: 206.7, 206.8 and 206.11) The Yale Edition of Horace Walpole's Descriptions of the lavish entertainments given by the Princess as described Lewis Walpole Library, Yale Lewis, W.S. (ed.) 1941 Correspondence, Letters by Horace Walpole in his correspondance c.1761‐86. (Reproduced 1941) University and Journals Blest Retreats ‐ A History London Borough of 1834 of Private Gardens in Richmond Library and Arts Richmond upon Thames

Lysons, D and Brewer 1816 Beauties of England D. Lyson and Brewer, Article in Beauties of England and Middlesex. p. 339

The Environs of London, Lysons, D. 1795 Vol. II: The County of N/A N/A Middlesex , pp. 223‐240 Lysons, D. 1808 Article in Ambulator Article in Ambulator GPM Lysons, D. 1795 Environs of London, vol. II Environs of London Lysons, D. 1811 (supplement)

54 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable)

Architecture Without Description/assessment of Gunnersbury in Architecture Without Kings: The (available online in 'Google Mowl, T. 1995 Kings: The Rise of Puritan Manchester University Press Rise of Puritan Classicism under Cromwell Books') Classicism under Cromwell Dictionary of National Port, M.H. (Prof.) nd Alexander Copland. GM: Box File 1 Biography , pp. 1 – 6, Magnolia conspicua view E along GP terrace taken from 1891 Gardeners' 1903 & 1905 The English Flower Garden robinson, William Chronicle article; also view by J Swain of Temple and path in front originally edns (at least) and Home Grounds published in GC , 1881 article. Rothschild, M. 1995 The Rothschild Gardens Secondary Source The History of Royal Artillery Regiment: Anti‐ Routledge, N.W. 1994 Secondary Source Aircraft Artillery 1914‐ 1985 On the Treatment of Cactus speciosus ... And other ornamental succulent Gardener's Magazine, vol. Shennan, WJ 1826 plants by Mr WJ Shennan, Gardener ot Major Morison at Gunnersbury Park' 1, 398‐99 [sic; shd be G House] Gardener's Magazine , vol. Shennan, WJ 1828 On the construction and use of straw mats for covering hot‐houses ...' 3. pp. 167‐69. Garden Records IX' Gunnersbury Park, the Residence of Baron Lionel de Thomson, W 1869 The Gardener, 6 Rothschild, MP. History and Antiquities of Turner, F. 1922 Brentford , pp. 92‐101 Gentleman’s Mag. Vol 56 1786 Unknown 1786 Gentleman's Magazine Obituary and details of the Will of Princess Amelia Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 Gardener's Magazine , vol. Calls at Sururban Gardens: Gunnersbury House, Major Morrison, May 4 1826 Unknown 1827 2. [sic]'. Shennan in situ as gardener. Morning Chronicle, 23 Unknown 1828 Description of the Gunnersbury Grounds in sale of Gunnerbury Park. June, repeated 04 July Gardener's Magazine, 9, Unknown 1833 Article states the owner to be A Copland. GM Vol. 9 1833 pp518‐520 1833, pp. 518‐19. The Morning Herald , 19 Article on Gunnersbury in The Morning 19 May 1835 GPM: Unknown 1835 Gunnersbury Park Museum May Herald for sale or let Box File 1 Unknown 1838? The Gardeners Magazine Article referring to Gunnersbury.

The Gardeners’ Chronicle Unknown 1844 and Agricultural Gazette, garden memoranda on cucumbers Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: 85.103/1B Aug 17.

The Gardeners’ Chronicle Unknown 1844 and Agricultural Gazette , Baroness Rothschild, Gunnersbury’. 18 Aug., p.559. GC & Agricultural Gazette, Unknown 1853 ‘Garden Memoranda. Gunnersbury Park, the seat of Baron de Rothschild’, Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: 85.103/1C 22 Jan, p.54‐5

Appendix A: Bibliography 55 Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable)

GC & Agricultural Gazette Unknown 1853 ‘Garden memoranda. Gunnersbury Park, the seat of Baron de Rothschild’ . Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: 85.103/1D 27 Aug, pp. 550‐1. GC & Agricultural Gazette , Unknown 1854 ‘Garden memoranda. Gunnersbury’, effects of frost Gardeners’ . Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: 85.103/1E 6 May, p. 287 The Gardeners’ Chronicle Unknown 1855 and Agricultural Gazette, ‘Gunnersbury Park, the seat of Baron de Rothschild’. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: 85.103/1F 18 Aug, pp. 551‐2.

The Gardeners’ Chronicle ‘Garden memoranda. Gunnersbury Park’. Reference to fine conifers of rarer Unknown 1856 and Agricultural Gazette , Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: 85.103/1G and better kinds. 2 Aug, pp. 519‐520. Cottage Gardener and Unknown 1857 Country Gentleman’s Article on Gunnersbury Park Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM:Box File 1 Companion , 24 March. The Gardeners’ Chronicle Unknown 1862 and Agricultural Gazette , ‘Gunnersbury Park, Ealing’. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: 85.103/1H p. 383.

The Gardeners’ Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette, Unknown 1871 ‘Garden memoranda’. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 pp. 486, 516, 565, 582, 598, 614.

The Gardeners’ Chronicle Unknown 1873 and Agricultural Gazette, ‘Tree ferns at Gunnersbury’ . Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 19 April, pp. 544‐5. Gardeners Chronicle, 16 Unknown 1881 ‘Gunnersbury House’. GC6ii July 161881 July, pp. 72‐3. ‘Country Seats and Gardens of Great Britain: Gunnersbury Park, Acton’ . Garden, 19, 26 Feb, pp. Unknown 1881 Separate illustration of the cedar grove without text p. 2. Description of the Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 227‐230 newly created Potomac Lake. The Garden, 23, Nov 3, Unknown 1883 ‘Gunnersbury Park’. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 2 pp. 384‐385 Journal of Horticulture 9 Journal of Horticulture & CG 9 July Unknown 1885 ‘Gunnersbury House’ by 'A caller' Gunnersbury Park Museum July, pp. 18‐19 1885 GPM: Box File 1 The Gardeners’ Chronicle, Unknown 1891 ‘Garden memoranda. The new vineries at Gunnersbury’. 29, 17 April, pp. 486, 516. Gardeners Chronicle, 9 Unknown 1891 View of the Magnolia conspicua . GC I 1891 p 591 May, p.591. Gardening World , 20 June, Unknown 1891 ‘Gunnersbury Park’. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: 85.103/18A p.666

56 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable) Gardeners' Chronicle , 14 Unknown 1893 ‘Jottings from Gunnersbury Park’. Gunnersbury Park Museum GC1414 Oct 1893 GPM: Box File 1 October, pp. 467‐68. Gardeners' Chronicle, 07 Unknown 1893 ‘Notes from Gunnersbury House’. Gunnersbury Park Museum GC1427 Oct 1893 GPM: Box File 1 October, pp.26‐27. The Gardeners’ Chronicle , Unknown 1898 Illustration of a Dendrobium Formosum Giganteum at Gunnersbury House Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 31 Dec Journal of Horticulture, J.Hort CG 8 Aug 1901 GPM: Box Unknown 1901 Cottage Gardener, 8 Aug, ‘Gunnersbury House’ Article on the Japanese Gardens. Gunnersbury Park Museum File 1 p. 132. The Gardeners’ Chronicle , Unknown 1906 Description of Gunnersbury Park. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 18 Aug Country Life , 24 Nov., pp. Unknown 1900 Gunnersbury Park & House gardens. Chiswick Library CL Nov 24 1900 pp656‐663 656‐63. Gardener's Magazine, 15 Unknown 1902 The Japanese Garden Gunnersbury Park Museum GM 15 Mar 1902 GPM: Box File 1 March. The Gardeners’ Chronicle , Unknown 1902 Illustration of, and short article on the Japanese Garden Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 5 April. The Gardeners’ Chronicle , ‘The Japanese Garden, Gunnersbury House, Acton (Supplementary Unknown 1902 Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 April 5, pp. 228‐9 . illustration)’ .

The Gardeners’ Chronicle , Unknown 1902 ‘View of the Japanese Garden Gunnersbury House, Acton’ . 31, 10 May, pp. 308‐9.

The Gardeners’ Chronicle, Unknown 1902 ‘Japanese Garden at Gunnersbury House, Acton' (supplementary illustration). 32, 12 July, pp. 20‐21. The Car, No. XI, 20 Aug, Unknown 1902 ‘Cars and country houses no. XI, Gunnersbury Park’ Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 pp. 445‐48. The Gardeners’ Chronicle , Unknown 1905 ‘Gunnersbury House Gardens’, specially Japanese and Bamboo Gardens. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 34, 2 Dec, p.388

The Gardeners’ Chronicle , Unknown 1906 ‘Gunnersbury Park’. 40, 13 Aug, pp. 121‐3, 133. Journal of Horticulture, 10 Unknown 1906 ‘Gunnersbury in May’ Gunnersbury Park Museum J.Hort.HF 10 May GPM: Box File 1 May, pp.412‐414. Journal of Horticulture , 31 Unknown 1906 View of Gunnersbury House and lake Gunnersbury Park Museum J.HortHF 31 May GPM: Box File 1 May. Gardeners' Chronicle , 11 Gunnersbury House especially Swiss, Japanese, Ivy and Heath Gardens. P. Unknown 1906 Gunnersbury Park Museum GC4011 Aug 1906 GPM: Box File 1 August, pp. 101‐05. 105 has photo of Hudson. Gardener's Magazine, 28 Unknown 1908 Photograph of the basket beds GM 28 July 1908 July. The Gardeners’ Chronicle , Unknown 1910 ‘The Gunnersbury Gardens’. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: 85.103/13 15 Oct, pp. 276‐7.

Appendix A: Bibliography 57 Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable) Gardeners' Chronicle , June Unknown 1917 obituary Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: 85.103/14 1917, pp.227‐28. The Gardeners’ Chronicle , Unknown 1919 ‘Retirement of James Hudson'. 63, April 19, p.144. Country Life , 11 April, Unknown 1925 Description of the gardens. Chiswick Library CL April 11 1925 pp562‐563 pp.562‐563. Some Historical Notes on In form of guide book General history from the C11 up to 1926. Includes Unknown 1930 National Monument Record Copy at GPM Gunnersbury Park. current photos. Published by Gunnersbury Park Joint Committee? Unknown c.1951 Guidebook Old guide book Chiswick Library Brentford and Chiswick Unknown 1962 Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Plan Chest Times, 9 Nov. London and its Vicinity , Refers to an alcove seat with a fountain and a statue to Eve. The Temple was GPM: Box File 1 Weale, J. 1851 Gunnersbury Park Museum pp. 520‐2. at this time used as a billiards room (copy) ‘As Finely Finished as CL Nov 11 1982 White, R. 1982 Anything’, Country Life , 11 General history including C17 and C18 Gunnersbury Park Museum pp1480‐1482 GPM: Nov, pp.? Box File 1 Brentford and Chiswick Brentford and Chiswick Local Wisdon, J. 1982 'The Gunnersbury Park Estate', N/A Local History Journal , 3 History Society Journal of Horticulture , 27 J Hort CG 27 July 1899 GPM: Box Wright, H. J. 1899 ‘Gunnersbury House’ . Gunnersbury Park Museum July, pp. 80‐82 File 1 Gardeners' Chronicle , 27 Wythes, G. 1899 ‘Gunnersbury Park and House’. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM:Box File 2 May, p.333

58 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable) Unpublished Reports & Other Material A Bibliography of Auvache, J. nd Gunnersbury Park Estate A Bibliography of Gunnersbury Park Estate by Jan Auvache (unpublished). Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM Box File 1 by Jan Auvache Ash, H.J. et al. 1992 Flowers in the Grass H. J. Ash, R. Bennett and R. Scott,Flowers in the Grass. English Nature. C. Beresford, Report to London Borough of Hounslow including references list used in Beresford, C. 1994 ‘Gunnersbury Park Garden London Borough of Hounslow Blandford 2008. Archives’. Unpub. Ph. D. thesis. Univ. Reading Extract J. Bold, ‘John Webb’. Sept 1979, pages 159‐171 headed ‘Gunnersbury House; Bold, J. 1979 Department of History of notes 1‐39 on pps348‐352, Appendix VIII headed ‘Gunnersbury Temple – Art from manuscript for pps317‐323, notes 1‐42 on pps 374, 375) PhD

Student report for the Architectural Association J. Butcher, V. Hinze, S. Wood and Y. Young, ‘Gunnersbury Park, Aspects of Butcher, J. et al 1993 Conservation Of Historic Conservation’. Landscapes course.

Cherry, B. (Dr) nd Notes by Dr. B. Cherry Notes on Gunnersbury by Dr Bridget Cherry Gunnersbury Park Museum The Gunnersbury Park Chris Blandford Associates 2008 Estate, Conservation Management Plan Collett‐White, James and nd, c. early Analysis of horticultural Analysis of horticultural magazines Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM Box File 1 Anne 1990s magazines Working papers of J. Collett‐White, J. nd Working papers of J. Collett‐White Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM Box File 1 Collett‐White Notes on Rothschild Box Files at Ealing Library (mostly Ref.DP119) made by Collett‐White, J. 1984 Guidebook notes Gunnersbury Park Museum GMP Box File 1 James C‐W 1984 Incls. Transcripts of the C19 deeds. The Landscape Group, 2013 Heritage Tree Survey University of East Anglia

Unpub. B.A. thesis Dept. R. Leveridge, ‘The Rothschild Style: Aspects of the Patronage and Collecting Leveridge, R. 1984 History of Art, Sheffield Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 2 of the Rothschild Family in England in the Nineteenth Century’. City Polytechnic

R. Nicholson, Unpub. Notes made at the Rothschild Archives. xtensive notes ‘The Management of the plus a short report on ‘The Management of the Gunnersbury Park Estate by Nicholson, R. 1988 Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM uncatalogued. Gunnersbury Park Estate’ Rosy Nicholson (research at Rothschild Archives 1988). Includes photocopies of nursery bills from the Lees’ nursery. 1859‐1861

Gunnersbury Park Sarah Couch Historic 2012 Landscape Conservation Landscapes Statement

Appendix A: Bibliography 59 Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable) Notes on Pulhamite Notes on Pulhamite Survey by Michael Wingate for Swann and Associates. Wingate, M. 1999 Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM Box File 1 Survey Report dated 29thFeb. 1999. Working papers of R. White, R. nd, c. 1980s Working papers of R. White Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM. Box File 1 White Images Engraving of the south Engraving by W Angus after E Dayes: ‘The Seat of Walter Stirling Esq’ 1797 GPM: Plan Chest GPM: Green Box Angus, W. 1797 Gunnersbury Park Museum front South front GPM: FC3

North front of the large From Car magazine, National Car Magazine 1902 Photograph of the north front of the Large Mansion Mansion Motor Museum

23 Country Life photographs of the gardens taken for the CL article in National Monument Record, Country Life 1900 Country Life Photographs GPM: 85.103/28‐34 and 59‐60 November 1900 Swindon Dayes, E. (engraved by John Webb's House in 1797 Engraving of John Webb's house included in Lysons' Environs of London London Metropolitan Archives William Angus) Lyons Environs of London Series of early colour glass plates of Gunnersbury gardens taken by Lionel de Copies at GPM: 85.103/43‐58 and de Rothschild, L. c1910‐12 Early colour glass plates Mr Edmund de Rothschild Rothschild (1882‐1942) in Collett‐White, 1993. Opening of the Gunnersbury Park opened to the public by Neville Chamberlain on 21 May GPM 1926 Gunnersbury Park 1926. A cine film of the opening and invitations etc are in the Gunnersbury Gunnersbury Park Museum Museum Museum. Engraving of north front of Engraving of north front of Webb house with scalloped forecourt walls. B Green, B. nd c.1761 Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Green Box T610/0‐1 & 60.68 Webb house Green after S Wale. Green, G. 1947 G. Green 33/NBR 9/9/1947 Boathouse. National Monument Record NMR BB 47/1362 Green, G. 1947 G. Green 332 NBR 9/9/947 Orangery. National Monument Record NMR BB 47/1363 Green, G. 1947 G. Green 333 NBR 9/9/1947 Coachouse. National Monument Record NMR BB 47/1364 Green, G. 1947 G. Green NBR 9/9/1947 ‘view from gate to mansion’. National Monument Record NMR BB 47/1365 Green, G. 1947 G. Green 335 NBR 9/9/2947 Temple very similar to today. National Monument Record NMR BB 47/1366 Green, G. 1947 G. Green 336 NBR 9/9/1947 Princess Amelia’s Bath House. National Monument Record NMR BB 47/1367 c. 18th Oldfield, H.G. watercolour Watercolour of house by H. G. Oldfield Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM 87.160/2. century Oldfield, H.G. nd (C18) Watercolour Watercolour by HG Oldfield of the Webb House Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Green Box 87.160/2 Painting of Lionel de Painting of by M Oppenheim in 1835. Shows a garden in Oppenheim, M 1835 National Portrait Gallery National Portrait Gallery C‐W Rothschild the background, with pavilion, pond and fountain ‐ ? Gunnersbury Painting of Lionel de Oppenheim, M. nd Lionel de Rothschild by Mr. Oppenheim. Reproduced in C‐W Rothschild Five watercolours by William Payne, 1792, commissioned by Walter Stirling. GPM Green Box GPM: FC3 1760 & Payne, W. 1792 watercolours They show the house from the S; the house from SSE; a view of the Temple Gunnersbury Park Museum 2007‐2011 and lake; looking E from the S front; and the house from the N with stables One of a series of five watercolours commissioned by Sir Walter Stirling They show the house from the S; the house from SSE; a view of the Temple and GPM Green Box Painting of Gunnersbury Payne, W. 1792 lake; Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: FC3 1760 & House looking E from the S front; and the house 2007‐2011 from the N with stables

60 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable) Rothschild Archive, New 1870‐90 Photographs interiors & exteriors Rothschild Archive, New Court 000/924/8/1 Court Rothschild Archive, New Late C19/early Photographs Large mounted photos, loose, several of garden. Rothschild Archive, New Court 000/924/9/1 Court C20 Rothschild Archive, New Large album including photos by Julia Margaret Cameron (not of Late C19 Photographs Rothschild Archive, New Court 000/924/21 Court Gunnersbury) Small Mansion One of a series of early colour glass plates of Mr Edmund de Rothschild Archive Rothschild, Lionel de c.1912 photographed from Gunnersbury gardens taken by Lionel de Rothschild GPM: (Gunnersbury Park Museum) Horseshoe Pond Rothschild (1882‐1942) 85.103/43‐58 A. F. Rushing 17/9/1953 view across lake to Gunnersbury Park House. Lake Postcard showing view Rushing, A.F. 1953 drained. Postcard received 23/3/1953 similar view to above. Another H6636 with lake drained showing Gunnersbury House. Postcard Gunnersbury Schearboom 1957 Schearboom. Postcard received 7/3/1957. Gunnersbury Park House. J 7505 J Park House 1957 Undated photo of the old Unknown nd Undated photograph of ‘The old pond’ MP 04/223. pond Unknown nd Drawing ‘In the gardens at Gunnersbury’ (drawing of an alcove). Chiswick Library ME 942.114/728.3G. Undated photo of Undated photograph of Horseshoe Pond within bamboo and pampas grass at Unknown nd ME 8209. 728.3 Horseshoe pond edge. Four views of Gunnersbury: Gunnersbury House; The Chapel in the Gardens; Pavilion in the Gardens (a Gothic spire); and Pavilion in the Gardens (an alcove seat). The location fro the above is seen on the southern edge of the Unknown C18 Four views of Gunnersbury park in the 1777 and 1847 plans. The gothic spire can be seen in the SW Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: FC3 82.33/1a‐4a corner of the park on the 1777 plan. The Chapel was built for Princess Amelia and these two garden buildings are also likely to have been built for her by John Oldfield (see Princess Amelia’s Will 1786). Copies of eighteenth century watercolours including 1a. House; 1b. Chapel; Sketch of lost garden 1c. Pavilion in the Unknown Early C19th Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM 82.33. pavilion gardens ‐ Gothic spire; 1d. Pavilion in the gardens ‐ alcove seat. Watercolour of Watercolour showing Gunnersbury Park House from the south during National Trust Waddesdon Manor; Unknown Late 1830s Gunnersbury Pakr House Hannah de Rothschild’s ownership. Sows the terrace and the trees, path and National Trust C‐W (illustration) in the snow shrubberies around. Photographs of plants and Various photographs of plants and trees in the gardens at Gunnersbury, Unknown 1873‐1905 Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: 85.103/36‐41 trees extracted from gardening magazines CC 56/25 CC 56/26 CC 56/27 CC Unknown 1890‐1902 Undated Photographs National Monument Record 56/28 CC 56/29 CC 56/30 Unknown Early C20th The West Terrace Arch Postcard photograph looking east through the West Terrace Archway Gunnersbury Park Museum Bridge over Horseshoe c.1920s Unknown Pond Photograph of the bridge over Horseshoe Pond Gunnersbury Park Museum late Unknown Temple across the Round Pond. May be quite late 1940s/50s? National Monument Record CC 73/2497 CPS 1083 1940s/50s?

Appendix A: Bibliography 61 Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable) late Photograph showing Four photographs of dairy (now demolished) and one of north from the 74/5593‐5597 or MHLG Unknown 1950s/early demolished dairy house showing newly‐planted lime and Edwardian lamp standards. 30/10/1958 1960s Engraving of Gunnersbury Engraving of Gunnersbury Park by Walker after Evans. The Seat of Princess Walker 1787/1796 Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Green Box 59.207.5 Park by Walker after Evans Amelia. View from the south.

62 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable) Other Material Including Archival Unknown 1380 Regrant of Manor of Gunnersbury (Gouyldesbury) by Richard II in 1380 British Library BL Add Ms 38810

C Hoare & Co. 1723‐57 Bank account Bank Account of Henry Furness – C Hoare & Co. Hoare & Co. Archive ledge begins: 25/121, ends: 58/27 Act for the Sale of the Act for the Sale of the Capital Messuage of Gunnersbury – no details on Unknown 1736‐1737 Capital Messuage of Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 (Copy) landscape Gunnersbury The Royal Bank of Scotland Unknown 1754 Bank account Bank Account of Lancelot Brown – Drumonds DR/427/33, 127, 408, c/f137 Archive Unknown 1761 Elizabeth Pearce sold Gunnersbury to Princess Amelia, daughter of George II Greater London Record Office GLRO DRO 37/B2/4 & Acc 1281/2 Act for the Sale of the Act of parliament to allow the dissolution of the trust set up by Sir John Capital Messuage of Maynard for his 4th wife Mary and permit her successors to sell the estate Unknown c.1761 Gunnersbury, Late Estate Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM:Box File 1 after her death in 1721. The principal reason given for seeking the final Act of of Sir John Maynard Parliament was the cost of repairs to the run down and neglected estate. Knight Deed of 1763, Unknown 1763 The Abstract of Title of Executors of Will – ref: Deed of 1763, Gunnersbury Gunnersbury Park Museum (transcript), GM: Box File 1 Gunnersbury ‘Report of Estate of H ‘Report of Estate of H Furness and his sister Elizabeth Pierce’, includes Unknown 1765 Furness and his sister references to: a Temple, which contained a plaister statue of a dancing faun; Ealing Library GPM Box File 1 (Ealing Library) Elizabeth Pierce’, orange trees; orange tubs; goldfish; and a swan. Unknown 1767‐68 Highway Trustees Bank Highway Trustees Bank London Metropolitan Archives LMA F73

References in Lady Mary Coke’s letters to visits to Gunnersbury. She mentions the new chapel in 1767 but not completed until 1768; a roller, with Lady Mary Coke Letters Unknown 1767‐68 seats, that Princess Amelia had had made up, to carry her friends who could and Journals 1889 – 1896 or would not walk about the gardens; drinking tea in the ‘building by the Water; the Terrace; three kitchen gardens; and to Princess Amelia’s farm. The Highways Trustees Book for 1767 to 1788 refers to 482 loads of gravel Unknown 1768 Highway Trustees Book Greater London Record Office GLRO F73 carried by Princess Amelia’s team in 1768. London Metropolitan ArchivesAcc Unknown 1784 Lease to Princess Amelia Lease by William Vatchells and Charles Townsend to Princess Amelia London Metropolitan Archives 26/12 Sale Catalogue for lands at Unknown 1785 Sale Catalogue for lands at Gunnersbury which Princess Amelia purchased. Ealing Library Gunnersbury Deposition from the gardener concerning lead stolen from the pillars of the GPM: Box File 1 (Roger White’s Unknown 1786 Notes ‐ lead theft Gunnersbury Park Museum gothic temple in the pleasure grounds within the notes) Unknown 1786 Release and reassignments Release and reassignments of Gunnersbury Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Plan Chest 627/1‐3 A note in Lord Pelham’s (the executor’s) papers, states that the estate was put up to auction on May 7 1787 and was bought in at £16,500 and the sale Unknown 1787 British Library BL Add Ms 33135 ff69 and 77 of furniture stopped. Another note of February 1788 shows that Gunnersbury had still not been sold

Appendix A: Bibliography 63 Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable)

Sale Particulars of the Gunnersbury estate following the death of Princes Sale Particulars of the Amelia, refers to the Chapel; Forecourts; Gardens; Terrace Walk; Lawns and 7283.GUN MP7851 Sales Gunnersbury estate Pleasure Grounds; Green House; Pinery; Hot House; Ice House; Shrubbery Unknown 1787 Chiswick Library Particulars 7/5/1787 GPM: Box File following the death of Walk; Paddock surrounded by a very agreeable walk, with pavilions and 1 (Copy) Princes Amelia summer houses properly placed: Dairy, judiciously placed n the Garden; two lodges; and Temple at the East End, fronting the lane leading to Kew.

Papers relating to Princess Amelia. Includes her Will (ff8‐33) and various Particulars, descriptions and valuations of her estate, including Gunnersbury house and park. The Will includes £200 for John Oldfield Princess Amelia’s surveyor, who was ‘responsible for all buildings erected during her BL ADD Ms 33135 ff8‐33, 48‐49, 50‐ Unknown 1786‐1788 ownership’. Lord Pelham’s papers refer to the Circular Water, Ornamental British Library 51, 52‐53, 54, 69 and 77 Buildings, Dairy, Shrubberies around the Paddock, Orange Grove, Horse Shoe Pond. Pleasure Ground with ‘shrubs in full perfection’, meadowland, and kitchen garden with Pineries. The property was surrounded by a substantial brick wall. Correspondence relating to Princess Amelia’s last illness, her death, and the Unknown 1786‐1791 British Library BL Add Ms 33134 disposal of her estate. Crawford sold 83 acres of Gunnersbury Park to John Morley, a floor cloth Notes ‐ sale to John Unknown 1799 manufacturer. He demolished the house and divided the estate into 13 lots – Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 (Notes) Morley Indentures of Lease and Release February 1802 Unknown C18th Bank account details of Henry Furnese Hoare & Co. Archives Unknown c.1800 Plan c. 1800 Plan c.1800 with plots 3 and 4 marked up Ealing Library GPM: Plan Chest 85.98/3 Engraving of Gunnersbury Unknown Late C18th Engraving of Gunnersbury Park (similar to Dayes) Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Plan Chest 83.37 Park White, R. (transcribed by) Late C18th Letters of Lady Mary Coke Letter of Lady Mary Coke transcribed by R White Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM:Box File 1

The original documents is in the private collection of Memoranda relating to Gunnersbury Estate – 168 page notebook written by Copland, A. early C19 the Copland‐Griffiths. Alexander Copland titled Chronological Memoranda (entries specifically Transcription by V Bott & V Foster. Papers Relating to Princess relating to Gunnersbury are on pps 70‐77) Amelia. Indenture including a plan of the garden. GPM: Plan Chest 13‐14 January Indenture of lease and Shows the ‘Dairy House’ (Temple) by the 85.98/1 (Plan) GPM: Unknown Gunnersbury Park Museum 1801 release Round Pond and the division of land into Box File 1 13 plots (transcript) Certificate of Redemption Certificate of Redemption of Land Tax: 55 acres in the occupation John Unknown 1801 Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 of Land Tax Morley and 29 acres in the occupation of James Steward Indenture including a plan Indenture including a plan of the garden. Shows the ‘Dairy House’ (Temple) GPM: Plan Chest 85.98/1 (Plan) Unknown 1801 Gunnersbury Park Museum of the garden by the Round Pond and the division of land into 13 plots GPM: Box File 1 (transcript) The Royal Bank of Scotland begins; DR/427/172 ends: Unknown 1802‐1835 Bank account Bank Account (private) of Alexander Copland – Drummond’s Archive DR/427/288

64 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable) Regarding the acquisition of the water supply and horseshoe pond; DP119 (R) (Ealing Legal Dept Ealing Council Legal Dept 1807 Agreement with sketch agreement with sketch between the son of the builder of the Small Mansion Ealing Council Legal Dept records) Copies with Val Bott and Copland at the Large Mansion

Rothschild Archive, New Papers relating to Sale particulars, inc. plan, catalogue of furniture etc including sculpture, 1835 Rothschild Archive, New Court 000/848/34/2 Court purchase in 1835 letter confirming acceptance of offer of £17k from Rothschild Report ‐ improving the Report relating to scheme by JC Loudon for improving the approach to Unknown 1835 Rothschild Archive, New Court GPM: Box File 1 (Rothschild Scrap.) approach Gunnersbury House. Copland died – The Abstract of Title of Executors of Will refers to a deed of GPM: Box File 1 (transcript) Transcript ‐ death of 1763 for Gunnersbury House, including the Great Court Yard, Orangery, Unknown 1835 Gunnersbury Park Museum Chiswick: 728.3.GUN Sales Copeland Orchard, Terrace, Lawns and Gardens (15 acres) plus 35 acres of freehold particulars 30/6/1835 land, laid out as ‘paddock or park’. Conveyance of Gunnersbury House and freehold land in the park from Conveyance of members of the Drummond family and Trustees of A Copland (incl. Edward GPM: Plan Chest 85.98/5 (plan) Unknown 1835 Gunnerbury House and Smirke) to Nathan M Rothschild. Includes a plan which shows the Bishop of Ealing Library GPM: Box File 1 (transcript) (Ealing freehold land 1835 London’s leasehold lands, Thomas Farmer’s lands at Gunnersbury House (no Library) detail) and Gunnersbury Park lands (good detail – paths, trees, buildings etc). Nathan’s widow, Hannah, and their son, Lionel, took up residence at Rothschild GPM: FC3 81.17/9‐10, Unknown 1836 Gunnersbury again calling in Sydney Smirke to carry out alterations and to Gunnersbury Park Museum 13 and 18 build the stables and Later Horseshoe Pond DP119 (R) (Ealing Legal Dept Ealing Council Legal Dept 1838 Ealing Council Legal Dept notes Regarding the acquisition of the water supply and horseshoe pond; the sa records) Copies with Val Bott Sale Catalogue of Ealing Sale Catalogue of Ealing 1843. This was for Heathfiled Lodge which was Ealing Library PRO MAF 20/2/22 Unknown 1843 1843. purchased with East Lodge by Baron Lionel de Rothschild. (Acton Manor) Sale Particulars for Unknown 1845 Sale Particulars for Gunnersbury Lodge Gunnersbury Park Museum GMP: Plan Chest 85.98/10 (Ealing) Gunnersbury Lodge Unknown 1867 Will of S Farmer Will of Sarah Farmer 13/5/1867 London Metropolitan Archives LMA Acc 1325/21 R. D. 1880 R.D. Gunnersbury Park R. D. ‘Gunnersbury Park’ pp. 145, 147. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 Scrap book of articles, plans (inc. 1877/1822 map of Ealing, Kretschmar, Rothschild Archive, New C19 Gunnersbury Guard book 1847), drawings, engravings, elevations (including by Pulham & Smirke), Rothschild Archive, New Court 000/200 Court reports (including by Loudon on approach to house). Correspondence and Royal Botanic Gardens, Late C19/early records of plants in S Rutherford obtained scans September 2014 from Kew. Kew C20 Inbooks & Outbooks Rothschild Archive, New early C20 Assorted papers historical souvenir of GP 1920s Rothschild Archive, New Court 000/924/20/7 Court Unknown 1917 List of properties 1917 List of properties held by the Rothschild’s on Leopold’s death. Ealing Library GPM: Plan Chest 85.98/16a (Ealing) Unknown 1958 E. Boykin,Victoria, Albert and Mrs Stevenson(1958). Gunnersbury Park Museum GMP plan chest 86.103.1 Lease of Lands by A. Lease of lands by A. Copland from the Bishop of London 1819‐1827 – outlying GPM: Box File 1 (notes from deeds Unknown 1819‐1827 Gunnersbury Park Museum Copeland portions of the park. The four deeds dated 13 July 1827 have plans. at Ealing Library)

Appendix A: Bibliography 65 Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable) Rothschild Archive, New 1893‐99 Notebook Gardener's notebook of glasshouse work. Thomas Hobbs, gardener. Rothschild Archive, New Court 000/296 Court Rothschild Archive, New Mid to Late Rothschild GPM: Plan Chest 85.102/35‐36 Rothschild correspondence incl. Notes on payments to Smirke. Gunnersbury Park Museum Court C19 correspondence (Rothschild) Lists of plants for Leopold Several lists of plants supplied to Gunnersbury for Leopold Rothschild, incl, GPM: Plan Chest 85.102 (Ealing Unknown 1900‐1910s Gunnersbury Park Museum Rothschild stonework for vases and Rothschild) Rothschild Archive, New Balance sheets and 1919‐24 Rothschild Archive, New Court 000/924/22/2 Court accounts Rothschild Archive, New 1919‐28 Correspondence Relating to the sale of Gunnersbury Park by Rothschilds Rothschild Archive, New Court 000/288 Court Transcript of conveyance Gunnersbury Park put up for sale. Sold to Ealing and Chiswick Boroughs, GPM: Box File 1 (Transcript of Unknown 1920s to Ealing and Chiswick helped by Middlesex CC, including the houses with 86 acres of parkland and Gunnersbury Park Museum Conveyance) 85.104/24‐34 Boroughs 13 acres for housing. Papers relating to Gunnersbury as a public Papers relating to Gunnersbury as a public park – original documents – Unknown 1920s‐50s Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 7 park – original documents agreements etc – agreements etc Unknown 1940s NMR CPS 1084 Probably late, possibly 1940s. National Monument Record CC 73/2498 Original documents Unknown 1960s on relating to Gunnersbury Original documents relating to Gunnersbury Park and Museum Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 8 Park and Museum

Correspondence concerning last illness of Princess Amelia, death and Unknown nd British Library Add MS 33134 dispersal of her estate by Lord Pelham and the Earl of Bessborough. Unknown nd Princess Amelia’s will, inventories and particulars of her estate. British Library Add Ms 33135 ‘In the gardens at Gunnersbury’ (Drawing of a rotunda) from Greenwich Unknown nd Chiswick Library ME 942.114/278.3 Library Rothschild and Unknown nd Gunnersbury Park deeds Rothschild and Gunnersbury Park deeds and other papers. Ealing Town Hall DP 119. and other papers.

Notes of Gunnersbury Unknown nd Notes of Gunnersbury Park compiled 1940s‐50s Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM Box File 1 Park compiled 1940s‐50s Unknown nd proposed conservatory Proposed conservatory (FC3). Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM81.17/13 Unknown nd Watercolours Copies of eighteenth century watercolours. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM82.33. Lists of plants for Leopold Unknown nd Several lists of plants supplied to Gunnersbury for Leopold de Rothschild. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM85.12. (Ealing and Rothschild) Rothschild 1927 Notes on Unknown nd Some Historical Notes on Gunnersbury Park written c.1927 Gunnersbury Park Museum Gunnersbury Park Museum Gunnersbury Notes from the Rothschild Gunnersbury Park Museum (Plan Unknown nd Notes from the Rothschild Archives Gunnersbury Park Museum Archives Chest: 85.102/102 and 37) Unknown nd Red Box on open shelves at NMR London. Negatives at NMR Swindon. National Monument Record NMR

66 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable)

Reference in AA and Beresford, but Unknown nd William Fuller Pocock employed to build Gothic Ruins. London Metropolitan Archives not traced at LMA PR240/13. The Gunnersbury Album, which includes many of the original maps and Rothschild Archives, New Court Unknown nd The Gunnersbury Album Gunnersbury Park Museum paintings (copies at GPM) ‘Catalogue of Orchids Grown at Gunnersbury ‘Catalogue of Orchids Grown at Gunnersbury Park’ by Baroness de Rothschild Unknown nd Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Plan Chest 60.6 Park’ by Baroness de (d1884) Rothschild (d1884) Websites National Heritage List: http://www.english‐ September Listed Building Register heritage.org.uk/professional/protection/process/national‐heritage‐list‐for‐ 2013 entries england/ August 2013 British History Online British History Online: http://www.british‐history.ac.uk/ September COLLAGE: 2013 http://collage.cityoflondon.gov.uk/collage/app?service=page/Search August 2013 Maps Promap: http://www.promap.co.uk/ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: August 2013 Biographies http://www.oxforddnb.com/public/index.html December Historic Environment Greater London Historic Environment Record: www.heritagegateway.org.uk 2013 Record Guidance Documentation and Planning Policy The Development Strategy 2026 (also known as the Core Strategy DPD) sets Adopted Development (or out a vision for the future development of the borough and covers a 15‐year Available for download from the Ealing Borough Council 2012 Core) Strategy plan period up to 2026. It covers both new development and the protection Ealing Council website of heritatge and green space. Conservation Principles' sets out a method for thinking systematically and consistently about the heritage values that can be ascribed to a place. The guidance contained in the document also includes a recommended approach Conservation Principles, Available for download from the English Heritage 2008 to assessing significance, advice on how to apply the principles and policies in Policies and Guidance English Heritage website practice and detailed interpretation of policies on repair, on intervention for research, on restoration, on new work and alteration and on enabling development. Listed Building Register English Heritage nd Entries from Register of Historic Buildings Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM Box File 1 entries Sites and Monuments English Heritage nd Sites and Monuments Record print out for Gunnersbury* SMR, English Heritage Record

The Unitary Development Plan (UDP) is part of the development plan for the borough. London Borough of Available for download from the London Borough of The UDP contains a wide range of policies on housing, the environment, 2003 Hounslow Unitary London Borough of Hounslow's Hounslow Council transport, leisure, retail and community uses. Along with other development Development Plan website plan documents and council strategies, the UDP aims to improve and create a better borough for those who live, work and visit.

Appendix A: Bibliography 67