Leisure Centre, Gunnersbury Park

HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT

October 2015 KATHARINE BARBER AND HELEN WARREN 15 Bermondsey Square, Tower Bridge Road, London SE1 3UN [email protected] www.purcelluk.com

All rights in this work are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means (including Document Issue without limitation by photocopying or placing on a website) without the prior permission in writing of Purcell except in accordance with Issue 1 (October 2015) - ealing Council the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Applications for permission to reproduce any part of this work should be addressed to Purcell at [email protected]. Undertaking any unauthorised act in relation to this work may result in a civil claim for damages and/or criminal prosecution. Any materials used in this work which are subject to third party copyright have been reproduced under licence from the copyright owner except in the case of works of unknown authorship as defined by the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Any person wishing to assert rights in relation to works which have been reproduced as works of unknown authorship should contact Purcell at [email protected]. Purcell asserts its moral rights to be identified as the author of this work under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Purcell® is the trading name of Purcell Miller Tritton LLP. © Purcell 2015 KB/lkc/01.236743 CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION 5 4 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 38 1.1 Purpose of the Report 5 4.1 Summary of Proposals 38 1.2 Scope of the Study 5 4.2 Assessment Criteria 44 1.3 Existing Information 5 4.3 Impact Assessment 45 4.4 Discussion 47 2 UNDERSTANDING 6 2.1 Planning Context and Legislative Framework 6 2.2 Site Location and Setting 12 APPENDICES 2.3 Heritage Context 16 2.4 Historic Development 20 APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY 49 2.5 Development Phases 24 APPENDIX B: VIEWS IMPACT ASSESSMENT 66 2.6 The Evolution of the Site by Development Phases 26 2.7 Views 32

3 SIGNIFICANCE 34 3.1 Assessing Significance 34 3.2 Statutory and Local Designations 35 3.3 Evidential Value 35 3.4 Historic Value 36 3.5 Aesthetic Value 36 3.6 Communal Value 37

3 [THIS PAGE HAS BEEN LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK]

4 Leisure Centre, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, October 2015 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT 1.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 1.3 EXISTING INFORMATION This Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) The HIA covers the following areas in order The report references a suite of heritage has been commissioned by Ealing Borough to provide a baseline assessment of the documents prepared in support of Heritage Council. It has been prepared to assess proposals: Lottery Fund applications for the Park the impact of a proposed sports pavilion, • Understanding: to establish what heritage as a whole (Parks for People) and the sports pitches and associated car parking assets are within the setting of the Gunnersbury Museum on the Large Mansion on the heritage value of Gunnersbury Park. proposal site and the legislation that (Heritage Grant) and associated Listed The sports pavilion will consist of changing protects them Building consents. These documents include rooms, sports hall, studios, equipment storage, a park wide Conservation Management Plan • Site Assessment: to give a description of café/bar and a limited amount of ancillary which along with supplementary research and the site and any adjacent heritage assets. office space for NGO sporting bodies. It is analysis has informed the preparation of this proposed to situate the pavilion in the area • Historic Development: to establish report. west of the café, pond and walled gardens, the key dates in the development of currently occupied by two disused bowling Gunnersbury Park and specifically the greens and an associated clubhouse. The impacted area. report also assesses the impact of a series of • Significance: to assess the heritage value sports pitches including a Muga to the north- of impacted heritage assets and how they west, west and south west of the Pavilion. are important within their setting. Parking is proposed within the walled area to the east of the Pavilion. • Impact Assessment: to analyse the effects the proposals will have on the The park itself is designated as a significance of the heritage assets within Conservation Area and a Registered Park the visual envelope of the site. and Garden. In addition to this, a number of structures within the park and in the vicinity of the proposed sports pavilion location are afforded Listed Building status.

5 2.1 PLANNING CONTEXT AND The policies within the document emphasise POLICY 7.8 HERITAGE ASSETS AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK the need for assessing the significance of ARCHAEOLOGY heritage assets and their setting in order to Strategic 2 2.1.1 NATIONAL POLICY fully understand the historic environment A. London’s heritage assets and historic UNDERSTANDING National planning policy framework and inform suitable design proposals for environment, including listed buildings, The National Planning Policy Framework change to, or within, the locality of significant registered historic parks and gardens and (NPPF; March 2012) is the overarching buildings. The document also requires an other natural and historic landscapes, planning policy document for England. Within assessment of the impact of development conservation areas, World Heritage Sites, Section 12 – conserving and enhancing the proposals affecting heritage assets. registered battlefields, scheduled monuments, historic environment – are the government’s archaeological remains and memorials should policies for the protection of heritage 2.1.2 REGIONAL PLANNING POLICY be identified, so that the desirability of assets. Paragraph 128 states: “In determining The London Plan March 2015 sustaining and enhancing their significance and applications, local planning authorities should The London Plan is the overall strategic plan of utilising their positive role in place shaping require an applicant to describe the significance for London, and it sets out a fully integrated can be taken into account. of any heritage assets affected, including any economic, environmental, transport and social contribution made to their setting. The level of framework for the development of the capital B. Development should incorporate detail should be proportionate to the assets’ to 2036. It forms part of the development measures that identify, record, interpret, importance” it also states that the assessment plan for Greater London. London boroughs’ protect and, where appropriate, present the should be “no more than is sufficient to local plans need to be in general conformity site’s archaeology. understand the potential impact of the proposal with the London Plan, and its policies guide Planning decisions on their significance” decisions on planning applications by councils C. Development should identify, value, and the Mayor. conserve, restore, re-use and incorporate The policies advise a holistic approach heritage assets, where appropriate. to planning and development, where all Key Policies to be considered in the context significant elements that make up the historic of the site include: D. Development affecting heritage assets environment are termed ‘heritage assets’. and their settings should conserve their These consist of designated assets (such as significance, by being sympathetic to their listed buildings or conservation areas) and form, scale, materials and architectural detail. non-designated assets (such as locally listed buildings or those features which are of heritage value).

6 E. New development should make provision details and form. Development that affects London’s heritage should be exploited. In LDF Preparation for the protection of archaeological resources, the setting of heritage assets should be of particular, where new development uncovers C. Boroughs should support the principles of landscapes and significant memorials. The the highest quality of architecture and design, an archaeological site or memorial, these heritage-led regeneration in LDF policies physical assets should, where possible, be and respond positively to local context and should be preserved and managed on-site. made available to the public on-site. Where character outlined in the policies above. Where this is not possible provision should 7.33 Based on an understanding of the the archaeological asset or memorial be made for the investigation, understanding, value and significance of heritage assets, cannot be preserved or managed on-site, 7.31A Substantial harm to or loss of dissemination and archiving of that asset. the sensitive and innovative use of historic provision must be made for the investigation, a designated heritage asset should be assets within local regeneration should understanding, recording, dissemination and exceptional, with substantial harm to or loss POLICY 7.9 HERITAGE-LED be encouraged. Schemes like Townscape archiving of that asset. of those assets designated of the highest REGENERATION Heritage Initiatives, Heritage Lottery Fund, significance being wholly exceptional. Where Strategic Heritage Economic Regeneration Schemes or LDF preparation a development proposal will lead to less A. Regeneration schemes should identify and Buildings at Risk Grants can play an important F. Boroughs should, in LDF policies, seek than substantial harm to the significance make use of heritage assets and reinforce the role in fostering regeneration of historic to maintain and enhance the contribution of a designated asset, this harm should be qualities that make them significant so they areas while also promoting the maintenance of built, landscaped and buried heritage weighed against the public benefits of the can help stimulate environmental, economic and management of heritage assets and to London’s environmental quality, cultural proposal, including securing its optimal and community regeneration. This includes developing community appreciation of them. identity and economy as part of managing viable use. Enabling development that buildings, landscape features, views, Blue London’s ability to accommodate change and would otherwise not comply with planning Ribbon Network and public realm. regeneration. policies, but which would secure the future G. Boroughs, in consultation with English conservation of a heritage asset should be Planning decisions Heritage, Natural England and other assessed to see of the benefits of departing B. The significance of heritage assets should relevant statutory organisations, should from those policies outweigh the disbenefits. be assessed when development is proposed include appropriate policies in their LDFs and schemes designed so that the heritage for identifying, protecting, enhancing and 7.32 London’s heritage assets and historic significance is recognised both in their improving access to the historic environment environment also make a significant own right and as catalysts for regeneration. and heritage assets and their settings where contribution to the city’s culture by providing Wherever possible heritage assets (including appropriate, and to archaeological assets, easy access to the history of the city and buildings at risk) should be repaired, restored memorials and historic and natural landscape its places. For example recognition and and put to a suitable and viable use that is character within their area. enhancement of the multicultural nature consistent with their conservation and the 7.31 Crucial to the preservation of this of much of London’s heritage can help to establishment and maintenance of sustainable character is the careful protection and promote community cohesion. In addition communities and economic vitality. adaptive re-use of heritage buildings and their to buildings, people can perceive the story settings. Heritage assets such as conservation of the city through plaques, monuments, areas make a significant contribution to museums, artefacts, photography and local character and should be protected literature. Every opportunity to bring the from inappropriate development that is story of London to people and ensure not sympathetic in terms of scale, materials, the accessibility and good maintenance of

2 Understanding 7 2.1.3 LOCAL PLANNING POLICY (c) Enhancing those areas which have a POLICY CC4 - HERITAGE (d) Working with Royal Botanic Gardens Kew London Borough of Hounslow Local Plan medium quality, mixed character and which Our Approach World Heritage Site, London Borough of September 2015 would benefit from sensitive improvement We will identify, conserve and take Richmond and English Heritage to conserve The Local Plan forms part of the and intervention; opportunities to enhance the significance of and enhance the outstanding universal values development plan for the London Borough (d) Transforming those areas which have a the borough’s heritage assets as a positive of The Royal Botanical Gardens Kew World of Hounslow and provides the planning low quality, poorly defined character and/or means of supporting an area’s distinctive Heritage Site, its buffer zone and its setting, framework for the borough until 2030. It where an opportunity exists to establish a character and sense of history. including views to and from this asset. This includes a suite of planning policies and new coherent character, enhancing positive includes assisting in the implementation of strategic site allocations and supersedes the elements where they exist; and We will achieve this by The World Heritage Site Management Plan; Employment Development Plan Document (e) Monitoring and updating the Urban (a) Collating a borough-wide Heritage (e) Promoting the appropriate re-use of (adopted November 2008), the Brentford Context and Character Study and ensuring Strategy to guide a long-term, ambitious historic buildings and supporting schemes Area Action Plan (adopted January 2009) the study informs any supplementary planning strategy for the continued conservation, that conserve the significance of, and provide and the Unitary Development Plan “saved” documents. enhancement and enjoyment of the the heritage asset with a sustainable, long- policies in 2007. significance of the borough’s heritage assets, term use; We will expect development proposals to in consultation with the borough’s local (f) Working with our network of partners to CHAPTER SIX – CONTEXT AND (f) Have due regard to the Urban Context history societies and residents; ensure the borough’s heritage is accessible, CHARACTER and Character Study and demonstrate how (b) Conserving and taking opportunities to appreciated, valued and enjoyed by residents, Policy CC1 - Context and character their proposal: enhance the significance of the borough’s workers and visitors; Our approach i. Responds to the design recommendations network of designated and non-designated (g) Conserving and enhancing the strategic We will recognise the context and varied for each character area and urban type within heritage assets and their settings, identifying and local views identified in the Urban character of the borough’s places, and seek to which their development proposal is located. new assets where appropriate and recognise Context and Character Study that give the ensure that all new development conserves ii. (ii) Responds to the wider context and the cumulative positive impact of heritage borough its character, visual richness and and takes opportunities to enhance their history of the area, its communities, its natural assets in a given area in consultation with coherence; and by maintaining and updating a special qualities and heritage. landscape and its urban structure, form and the borough’s local history societies and schedule of views; and function. residents. We will use Article 4 directions (h) Conserving and enhancing the borough’s We will achieve this by iii. (iii) Conserves and takes opportunities to where appropriate to enhance conservation beneficial and historic landmarks identified (a) Improving and promoting the appreciation enhances particular features or qualities that of character or fabric; in the Urban Context and Character Study, of the character and qualities of the contribute to an area’s character e.g. mature (c) Promoting heritage-led regeneration, which provide a strong visual and physical distinctive areas of the borough, by securing trees. particularly where this brings long term value presence in the townscape. development that sensitively and creatively iv. (iv) Provides opportunities to help form a and sense of place to development, such as in responds to an area’s character and by new character or improve the poor aspects our town centres and along the Golden Mile. We will expect development proposals to refusing poor quality design; of an existing character that could benefit We will aim to secure the regeneration of (i) Conserve and take opportunities to (b) Sustaining and conserving those areas from enhancement; and heritage assets at risk, including those within enhance any heritage asset and its setting in a which have a high quality, well established and v. (v) Responds to any local architectural Gunnersbury Park, Hanworth Park, Boston manner appropriate to its significance; coherent character that is sensitive to change; vernacular that contributes to an area’s Manor House and the former Hounslow (j) Retain, conserve and reuse heritage assets character, for example bay windows. Powder Mills sites; in a manner appropriate to its value and significance;

8 Leisure Centre, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, October 2015 (k) Demonstrate that substantial harm (iii) opportunities to mitigate or adapt and enhance the character of the area. to or loss of a heritage asset is avoided, to climate change through the re-use or Sustainability and salvage aspects should be unless exceptional circumstances can be adaptation are maximised as long as this is factored into proposals; demonstrated, consistent with the NPPF; not to the detriment of important aspects of (l) Demonstrate that where a development character; Sites of Archaeological Importance proposal will lead to less than substantial (iv) that it maintains the character of interiors (r) We will expect the development proposal harm to the significance of a designated and retain internal features of interest to submit an Archaeological Evaluation heritage asset (see Glossary), this harm will including layouts, methods and means of Report if the proposal falls within or adjacent be outweighed by the public benefits of the construction where these are important; to an Archaeological Priority Area; proposal, including securing its optimum (v) that the original use is no longer viable (s) We may require that an on-site viable use; or and the benefits of the proposed use are assessment by trial work (archaeological field (m) Have regard to any harm to, or loss of, demonstrated and would be in keeping with evaluation) is carried out before any decision the significance of a non-designated heritage the character of the area; and on the planning application is taken; asset, including from both direct and indirect (vi) that a record is made and submitted of (t) We will require any nationally important effects. Non-designated heritage assets features of interest found, to be maintained remains and their settings to be preserved include locally listed buildings, Archaeological and extended during works. Sustainability permanently in situ, subject to consultation Priority Areas and areas of special local and salvage aspects should be factored into with English Heritage as the borough’s character. proposals. archaeological adviser. If preservation in situ is required the development proposal will need Buildings and structures Conservation Areas to accommodate this in the design. (n) In the case of alterations, extensions or (o) Any development within or affecting a changes of use of a heritage asset a proposal Conservation Area must conserve and take Strategic and local views should demonstrate that: opportunities to enhance the character of (v) Preserve and enhance any strategic or (i) it is in keeping with the character of the the area, and respect the grain, scale, form, local views identified in the Urban Context building and harmonious with its surroundings proportions and materials of the surrounding and Character Study and undertake a visual and the wider character of the area; and, area and existing architecture; impact assessment to demonstrate no with particular respect to listed buildings or (p) Retain and reuse any building in a adverse impacts on the designated view or identified aspects of locally listed buildings, conservation area which makes or can be on views from Royal Botanic Gardens Kew it preserves their special architectural or adapted to make a positive contribution to World Heritage Site. historic character and any features they may the character of the area. Where a building possess; makes little contribution to the area, consent Registered parks and gardens (ii) it is of a high quality design and for demolition will not be given unless there (w) Consider adding to the list and sympathetic in terms of scale and form to the are approved plans for redevelopment encouraging preservation and enhancement original building and in the use of materials or reuse of the land which will conserve through appropriate management measures. and other details to the period and style of the original building;

2 Understanding 9 Site allocations in Brentford 2.1.4 GUIDANCE DOCUMENTATION 09 Brentford: Gunnersbury Park Historic England produces guidance documents outlining advice Figure SA12.14 Gunnersbury – Allocation 09 Site map on the management of the historic environment. The following documents in particular have been referenced in the compilation of this report: Key information Allocation and justification District: Brentford Allocation: Heritage Asset Conservation Principles, Policies and Guidance, (2008). Address: Gunnersbury Park, London, Proposed This document sets out key guiding aims for the management of W3 8LQ use: the historic environment and sets out a methodology for assessing Restoration of core heritage parkland, refurbishment heritage significance (see section 5.1 for further information). of listed buildings including potential enabling development and creation of a sporting hub. The Setting of Heritage Assets: Historic Environment Good Practice Advice Source: Development Management Justification: Gunnersbury is of national in Planning :3 (March 2015) significance and is Grade II* putting it in the top 30 per cent of registered parks in the country. There This document provides guidance on how changes within the setting are also 22 listed buildings on the site. Several of a listed building, conservation area, scheduled monument, etc. can affect the significance of the asset itself. studies have shown Gunnersbury to be in major decline. English Heritage has named Gunnersbury Seeing History in the Views, (2011) and Revision Note (2012). within the top 12 ‘at risk’ properties in England due to the large amount of investment needed This looks specifically at the significance of group heritage assets from to restore and repair the Buildings and landscape. long range and short distance views, and sets out a methodology Heritage regeneration is required to protect and for assessment and for exploring the impact of change within an enhance the existing historic buildings and parklands. important view. PTAL: 1a-4 Phasing: 2015-30 Site area (ha): 72 Land ownership: Public Existing use: Context and constraints: Grade ll* English Heritage registered This site is within the Gunnersbury Park park, 22 listed buildings (including Conservation Area, MOL, SINC , a CDA and also Grade I), museum, sports facilities and includes Grade II, Grade II* and Locally Listed parkland. Buildings. It is a Historic Park and Garden.

1 Adopted Hounslow Local Plan’ (September 2015), https://hounslow.app.box.com/WorkingLP

10 Leisure Centre, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, October 2015 The overall layout of the Park in the present day is illustrated on the plan below

POPE’S LANE ENTRANCE

LIONEL ROAD NORTH ENTRANCE TEMPLE SMALL LAKE MANSION LARGE MANSION AREA PROPOSED FOR SPORTS ORANGERY PITCHES STABLES

Gunnersbury Park Boundary FORMER FARM BUILDINGS

PROPOSED SITE OF CAR PARK PROPOSED SPORTS POTOMAC LAKE PAVILION The Park in the modern day Buildings Concentrated Planting With key features labelled for orientation

WEST LODGE

2 Understanding 11 2.2 SITE LOCATION AND SETTING The proposed new leisure centre is situated towards the north-west of the park, west of the Temple Pond and former walled garden and north of the children’s playground. The site is divided from the open playing fields to the west by a tall evergreen tree line.

The proposed development site is currently occupied by a Bowling Green and associated club house to the north and disused green space to the south. The club house situated on the west side of the Bowling Green is of 20th century origin and is of common construction for its type. The interior of 1 2 the site is flat. The site is delineated by the evergreen treeline to the west and low hedge on all other sides and is encircled by a path to the east and south with a park car park to the north.

1 View Cross site towards Bowling Green pavilion 2 View looking south across development site from existing car park 3 View along western site boundary dividing the Bowling Green site from the playing fields to the west showing density of existing boundary

12 Leisure Centre, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, October 2015 4

4 View looking west towards proposed leisure centre site from existing sports pitches 5 5 View towards the proposed leisure centre site from parkland south of Temple Pond.

2 Understanding 13 East of the leisure centre site is the walled garden associated with the historic estate, this is currently in mixed commercial and educational use occupied by a series of modern buildings and structures associated with this occupation. The western portion of this area which forms part of the site is occupied by a large number of modern commercial greenhouses encircled by the Grade two listed kitchen garden wall.

1 View of the interior of the walled garden occupied by commercial greenhouses. Looking east. 2 View of Listed wall defining the southern boundary of the commercial 2 nursery site, east of the proposed leisure centre site. Looking north

14 Leisure Centre, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, October 2015 South and west of the site, the playing fields of Gunnersbury Park are demarked by goal posts and tree lined paths running south towards the former model farm buildings. The model farm is unlisted although historic (19th century in origin). Only part of the model farm buildings, the site of the complex was rebuilt upon in the late 20th century to provide changing accommodation for the sports pitches

1 2

3 4 1 View across the existing sports pitches west of the proposed leisure centre site. 2 View towards the proposed leisure centre from parkland south of the site. View obscured by perimeter tress and parkland planting. 3 View of surviving model farm, looking east. 4 View across playing fields towards site of proposed leisure centre, looking north-east

2 Understanding 15 2.3 HERITAGE CONTEXT 2.3.2 SITE SPECIFIC Grade II 1.2.2 Conservation Areas The following section provides an overview Part of the development site is bound by • Archway to Gunnersbury Park The Planning (Listed Buildings and of the heritage assets and statutory the Grade II Listed Kitchen garden wall with (west of east entrance lodge) Conservation Areas) Act 1990 also covers designations associated with or located within carved door and wrought iron gate. The conservation areas, requiring local the Park. • East Lodge majority of the listed buildings are situated planning authorities to designate areas of towards the east of the park, with the Grade • West Lodge special architectural or historic interest II* Listed Temple and the Grade II Listed 2.3.1 LISTED BUILDINGS • Gothic boathouse and pavilion on and to formulate policies to protect Fountain Site and Lamp Standards lining the Listed buildings are designated under the Potomac Lake and enhance them. Gunnersbury Park main drive within close proximity. With the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation • Gothic outbuildings east of Conservation Area covers the whole exception of the walled garden, none of the Areas) Act 1990 for their special architectural Gunnersbury House including park, plus Kingston Cemetery to the Listed Buildings within the Park are visible or historic interest. Listing gives them arcade grotto shelter and room south and a group of streets to the from the Pavilion site or the sports pitches. protection as alterations, additions or known as Princess Amelia’s north east. It was designated on the demolitions are controlled by Listed 20th November 1990. Bathhouse. 2.3.3 BUILDINGS OF LOCAL Building Consent, required by local planning TOWNSCAPE CHARACTER authorities when change is proposed. • Gothic ruins on border of former There are no buildings within the Park Japanese gardens boundary which appear on the London There are 4 Grade II* Listed Buildings and 17 • Gunnersbury House, Small 1.2.3 Registered Park and Garden Borough of Hounslow’s local list of Buildings Grade II Listed Buildings within Gunnersbury Mansion Gunnersbury Park Park. These are listed below and colour of Local Townscape Character. • North entrance gateway to Parks and Gardens of special historic coded on the plans on the following page. Gunnersbury Park interest in England are registered using a similar grading system to The location of these structures is plotted • North Lodge Listed Buildings, (i.e., Grade I, II* and overleaf. • Series of iron lamp standards in II). Registration means that a park is a front of Gunnersbury Park Mansion material consideration in the planning • Stone fountain near refreshment process and the impact of the proposed room development that could affect the Grade II* special character of the area should be • West Stables • Temple considered. • Boundary wall • Gunnersbury Park House (Large Gunnersbury Park is Registered Grade Mansion) • Kitchen Garden Wall II* and is summarised in the register entry as “An 18th century formal garden, • East Stables • Gateway near princess Amelia’s Bathhouse altered mid-18th century with some • Orangery (conservatory) involvement from William Kent. The • Archway East end of Gunnersbury grounds were developed in the later 18th Park mansion terrace century for Princess Amelia and extended • Archway west end of Gunnersbury in the mid-19th century by Baron Lionel Park Mansion terrace. de Rothschild. The site became a public park in 1925”.

16 Leisure Centre, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, October 2015 Inset Map

See Inset Map

Plans showing key designations within the vicinity of the proposed development site

KEY

Grade II* Listed Buildings Proposed Pavilion location

Grade II Listed Buildings

Grade II Listed Lamp Posts

Gunnersbury Conservation Area

Grade II* Registered Park and Garden

2 Understanding 17 2.3.4 HERITAGE AT RISK Historic England maintains a Heritage at Heritage Asset Designation Condition BAR Category Risk Register which identifies those buildings Gunnersbury Park House Grade II* Poor D or sites which are under threat and most at risk of being lost forever. Buildings are East Stables Grade II* Very bad C categorised on a scale related to the severity Gunnersbury Park Registered Park and Garden Grade II* Poor N/A of risk, ranging from A – F; these are outlined East Lodge Grade II Poor D below. Archway Near East lodge entrance Grade II Very bad B Eleven structures in addition to the Small Mansion Grade II Poor C Boundary wall of garden to original 17th century Registered Park and Garden and the Grade II Poor B Conservation Area within the Park are listed Gunnersbury House on the 2014 Heritage at Risk Register as Gothic Ruins Grade II Poor B itemised below. West Stables Grade II Very bad E Potomac Tower Grade II Poor D A. Immediate risk of further rapid West Lodge Grade II Fair E deterioration or loss of fabric, Gunnersbury Park Conservation Area Conservation Area Poor N/A no solution agreed. B. Immediate Risk of further rapid Heritage Assets included in categories A and B should be an immediate priority when considering change to and conservation of the park. deterioration or loss of fabric: solution agreed but not yet Change to the setting of an ‘at risk’ heritage asset can contribute to further demise of its historic value. Care must be taken when introducing implemented. new features into the setting of a heritage asset to enhance significance and make a positive contribution to reducing the ‘risk’ to which the asset C. Slow decay: no solution agreed is exposed. D. Slow decay; solution agreed but not yet implemented. The Conservation Area and Registered Park and Garden themselves are fragile environments and introduced development should seek to E. Under repair or in fair to good enhance historic cohesiveness. repair, but no user identified; or under threat of vacancy with no obvious new user (Applicable only to buildings capable of beneficial use). F. Repair scheme in progress and (Where applicable) end use of user identified; functionally redundant buildings with new use agreed but not yet implemented.

18 Leisure Centre, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, October 2015 Components of Gunnersbury Park which appear on the heritage at risk register 3 12 KEY

2 Gunnersbury Park Registered Park 4 1 and Garden (Grade II*) 5 2 East Lodge 6 1 3 Archway near East Lodge Entrance

7 4 Small Mansion Proposed Proposed Area Car Park 5 Large Mansion for Sports 8 Boundary wall of garden to original Pitches 9 6 (17th Century) Gunnersbury House

7 Gothic Ruins

8 West Stables

9 East Stables

10 Potomac Tower

11 West Lodge Gunnersbury Park 12 Conservation Area

10 12 Registered Park and Garden Boundary

Conservation Area Boundary

11 Proposed Development Site

2 Understanding 19 2.4 HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT This section gives an overview of the history of Gunnersbury Park. This is followed by a more detailed history which breaks down the development of the park into five main phases, with particular focus on the historical development of the proposal site itself.

SUMMARY TIMELINE

Medieval Era 1658-1663 Gunnersbury Park John Webb built a new, Palladian-style formed a part of the Gunnersbury House for John Maynard. The Manor of Fulham, owned Mansion was pioneering in its style. by the Bishop of London. A high-status manor house is documented at Gunnersbury although its location remains unknown.

20 Leisure Centre, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, October 2015 1739-1761 1761-1786 1800 1802 Accounts show that Princess Amelia, favourite John Webb’s house was Alexander Copeland William Kent received daughter of King George demolished and the Park bought 10 plots and built payment for a small II, took Gunnersbury as was divided into 13 plots Gunnersbury Park House. amount of unspecified her country residence. for private sale. Stephen Cosser bought landscaping work at The Park was extended the neighbouring plot to Gunnersbury. and re-landscaped to a the east, where he built more informal design Gunnersbury House. and William Chambers is thought to have designed several garden buildings.

2 Understanding 21 1835 1836 1837-40 1889 1900 The Rothschild family Gunnersbury Park House W.F. Pocock designed The Rothschild The Japanese bought Gunnersbury was extended and remodelled an extension to family purchased Gardens were Park House by Sidney Smirke. The orangery, Gunnersbury House Gunnersbury House landscaped. stables and North Lodge portico (the Small Mansion) reuniting the estate were also constructed at this and built the aviary as a single entity. time to Smirke’s designs. and Gothic Ruins in the grounds.

1917 1925 1926 Rothschild interest Gunnersbury Park was Gunnersbury Park was officially opened to the in the Gunnersbury sold to the former public by Sir Neville Chamberlain in a grand Park estate waned London Boroughs of opening ceremony. and it was eventually Acton and Ealing with put up for sale. stipulations that it was to provide public leisure space and with small areas sold for development.

22 Leisure Centre, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, October 2015 1928 1939 1965 1972 1975 Gunnersbury Anti-aircraft London’s boroughs The Dairy, close The Temple Museum opened in weapons were were reorganised. to the site of the was restored. Gunnersbury Park placed in the Park Gunnersbury was proposed café, House. during World now owned by was partially War II. Ealing and Hounslow demolished due Borough Councils, to an extended the latter carrying out period of neglect. administrative work.

1981 1993 2000s 2014 The Friends of The Gunnersbury Park Gunnersbury Park was awarded The park is awarded HLF Gunnersbury Park was Development Group was funding from the Heritage Lottery funding for the restoration formed. In 1985 the set up following concerns Fund. This included the restoration and conservation of group refurbished the over the deteriorating of the Bathhouse and Italian the Large Mansion, Park Pavilion and established condition of the Park. Gardens in 2001 Structures and Park a new café there. Landscape

2 Understanding 23 2.5 DEVELOPMENT PHASES Gunnersbury Park is an important historical landscape which contains a collection of structures, spaces, and planting dating from the 17th to the 20th centuries. Its story is complex, and most clearly explained by dividing it into a number of phases – although in reality features from one period were usually retained, re-used and adapted across the history of the Park, meaning that all of the phases are interlinked.

Since the early 19th century the landscape has been the setting for two separate mansions – Gunnersbury House (the Small Mansion) and Gunnersbury Park House (the Large Mansion). In origin it was the setting for a single high-status residence, Webb’s Palladian Mansion and the landscape setting has evolved from this phase of occupation.

• PHASE 1 – Maynard and the Geometric Period (c.1650 – 1740) • PHASE 2 – Princess Amelia and the Landscape Style (1740 – 1800) • PHASE 3 – Gunnersbury Divided (1800 – 1835) • PHASE 4 – Gunnersbury Reunited (1889 – 1925) • PHASE 5 – The Public Park (1925 – Present)

Inset Map see overleaf

24 Leisure Centre, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, October 2015 The colour of features represented on this map correspond to the historic phase during which they were established

Proposed • PHASE 1 – Maynard and the Geometric Period (c.1650 – 1740) Development Site • PHASE 2 – Princess Amelia and the Landscape Style (1740 – 1800) • PHASE 3 – Gunnersbury Divided (1800 – 1835) • PHASE 4 – Gunnersbury Reunited (1889 – 1925) • PHASE 5 – The Public Park (1925 – Present)

2 Understanding 25 2.6 THE EVOLUTION OF THE SITE BY DEVELOPMENTAL PHASES In order to aid our understanding of the development of the park and the proposal site, the history of the site has been broken down and presented in five specific phases.

PHASE 1 – MAYNARD AND THE GEOMETRIC PERIOD (C.1650 – 1740)

Overview During this period extensive gardens were laid out to accompany a Palladian villa which was erected at Gunnersbury in the late 1650s and early 1660s by Sir John Maynard. This original villa has been lost, but the remains of the western wall of its associated gardens still survive. The formal gardens ranged either side of a central axis and were flanked toward their south end by two linear canals, which were later converted into the feature known as the ‘horseshoe pond’.

Development Area specific There is little physical evidence of this initial phase of development remaining in the park. Maynard’s Palladian villa has been lost, but the substantial terrace on which the current houses stand was constructed during this period. On John Rocque’s map of 1746 the proposed development site is shown as a series of open fields, divided from the formally planted gardens and house to the east by a road. Whilst the majority of the surrounding fields are filled with dotted lines, denoting ploughing, the fields in question are filled with another symbol, perhaps denoting pasture or quarrying. The projected location is shown on Rocque’s plan on this page.

Approximate location of the proposal site, 1746 Rocque Map

26 Leisure Centre, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, October 2015 PHASE 2 – PRINCESS AMELIA AND THE LANDSCAPE STYLE (1740-1800)

Overview In the four and a half decades between 1740 and 1785 a small park was laid out to the south and west of the walled gardens at Gunnersbury and the gardens themselves became less formal and geometric in character, although some of their walls survive. The Horseshoe Pond was created, probably from earlier geometric canals; and the Round Pond was established – both changes probably made between 1756 and 1777. A number of garden buildings were also erected, of which the Temple and the Bath House are the only survivors. The designer William Kent and the architect William Chambers both worked at Gunnersbury during this phase, although their precise contributions remain unclear.

Site specific Two of the main features within the vicinity of the proposal site were created during this period – the Grade II* listed Temple and the Temple Pond. These features to the west of the site were most likely designed by Sir William Chambers for Princess Amelia, and their setting and views are considered significant. There are no records of changes taking place to the Large Mansion during this period.

The site of the proposed sports pavilion is marked on a section of the 1777 map of Ealing on this page. The western half of the proposals site lies outside of the estate boundary at this time within open fields. Within the park, the newly- constructed temple and temple pond can be seen to the right of the marked area.

Approximate location of the proposal site, 1777 Map of Ealing

2 Understanding 27 PHASE 3 – GUNNERSBURY DIVIDED (1800-1889)

Overview Site specific The early 19th century saw the Palladian mansion demolished and A number of major changes to the east of the site 2014 pp37-38. Quotation courtesy Massachusetts Gunnersbury divided into the separate ownership of Copeland and its surrounding heritage assets occurred during Historical Society). The kitchen garden was extended and Cosser. In 1800 the grounds of the two separate properties this period. The Palladian Gunnersbury Park House, to westwards to establish the present extent by 1839. continued to develop. Those of Gunnersbury Park House, the larger the south-east of the proposal site, was demolished By the later 1840s it had a complex layout of beds of the two new mansions, now acquired a number of key features and the present-day Grade II* listed Large Mansion and paths with various structures in the original including the Orangery, the stables, the Potomac Lake and the constructed in its place. Around the same time the eastern half, including a wash house and ‘habitation’, Gothic boathouse beside it, and a model farm. But the grounds of Grade II listed Small Mansion, Gunnersbury House, two buildings labelled ‘Green House’, and a ‘Hot Bed’ Gunnersbury House also saw significant additions, most notably the was also constructed – probably in around 1802. as shown on the Krestschmar plan on this page. A Gothic screen and walls to the north of Smirke’s stables. long narrow green house ran west to east across the The site itself was still vacant at thsi time. The brick- centre of the east half, being a lean-to against narrow walled productive garden to the east of the site was back sheds to the north. Both halves were surrounded probably established in the 1810s after the estate by a boundary wall, and divided north to south by was divided as part of the rebuilding of the Large a further brick wall with a roughly central gateway Mansion (Gunnersbury Park estate). Copeland’s linking the two. The Temple can also be seen on the memo book (p71) states that the “grape house in the north bank of the Round Pond (here marked ‘Upper upper garden” was built in 1756, the wall round the Lake’) with formally arranged gardens to the north. kitchen garden was built 1759 and that the nursery Half of the proposals site remains outside the park gardener Poupart, took over the kitchen garden in boundary. By the 1860s (OS) the buildings had largely 1809. However, it is unclear whether the 18th century changed, with the exception of a lean-to greenhouse garden occupied the site of the present one. Poupart still on the site of the main ‘green house’. Frames were probably worked in the present one. In 1816 ‘The established in the west half. A large square greenhouse kitchen garden, fruit garden and hot house are upon a in the east half was probably the main display very extensive scale, and kept in the highest perfection’ greenhouse.

(An American President in Ealing The John Quincy In 1836 Nathan Meyer Rothschild died and the estate Adams Diaries 1815-1817 Little Ealing History Group passed to his widow , Hannah who increased the size of the estate.

28 Leisure Centre, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, October 2015 Approximate location of the proposal site, 1847 Kertschmar Map

2 Understanding 29 PHASE 4 – GUNNERSBURY REUNITED (1889-1925)

Overview This phase of Gunnersbury’s history is relatively brief, and there were limited changes to the designed landscape. The only major surviving addition to the landscape was the Japanese Garden to the north of the stables, which survives in only fragmentary form.

Site specific The 1915 Ordnance Survey map shows the proposed development site to be vacant. The layout of glasshouses within the walled garden to the east has altered, to the south of the site of the current children’s playground, an orchard is laid out.

South of the proposed development site, the model farm is shown on the map occupying a U-shaped footprint. Half of the model farm buildings have been lost to fire and replaced with a changing room block servicing the open playing fields to the west during the 1950s.

Approximate location of the proposal site, 1915 Ordnance Survey

30 Leisure Centre, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, October 2015 PHASE 5 – THE PUBLIC PARK (1925-PRESENT)

Overview Gunnersbury has seen major changes in the 20th century due to its conversion to a public park, including tennis courts, sports pitches, the pitch and putt course and modern structures such as the café and a number of park shelters. Despite this municipalisation of the landscape, a great deal remains intact from earlier periods.

Site specific By 1935, the site was occupied by the sports pavilion and associated lawns as in the present day. To the east within the walled garden, a commercial nursery was established later in the twentieth century with extensive glass ranges in the west half with the back buildings of the old ’green house’ surviving.

As part of the municipalisation in the twentieth century, the boundary of the public park is extended to the west. Along with other additions such as the tennis courts, sports pitches and café, the existing bowls greens were built to the west of the kitchen garden.

In 1939, at the beginning of WWII, a heavy anti-aircraft artillery site was constructed to the west of the site. Associated barracks and stores buildings were located to the east. Based on mapping carried out by ‘Bomb Sight’,the park appears to have sustained considerable bombing during the Blitz with circa 30 bombs dropped in the park. These were mainly concentrated within the former estate and ornamental Approximate location of the proposal parkland in the eastern part of the park, and immediately to site, 1935 map the north and east of the Potomac Lake, in the south-western corner of the park. The extent of post-Blitz WWII bombing of the site (and subsequent bomb clearance) is not currently known.

2 Understanding 31 2.7 VIEWS 2.7.1 CMP KEY VIEWS The following section introduces key views identified in the Conservation Management Plan for the Park which may be impacted by the proposals.

A further visual impact assessment prepared by the project architects is included as Appendix C.

View 11 (Not included in 2008 CMP) The Playing Fields from the Lionel Road Entrance Date View Originated: 1920s The view is important in terms of the design and experience of the municipal parkland landscape created in the 1920s and 1930s.

Historical Significance: • In the 17th and 18th centuries, this viewpoint lay outside the Park and would have included the open and enclosed fields suggested by contemporary historic maps. • This area was incorporated into the Rothschilds park in the late 1860s when the Potomac Lake and Tower were also created. It does not appear to have been planted as ornamental parkland, and was used as a polo stud by Lionel Rothschild. • In the 1920s this area of the Park was devoted to playing fields – the view incorporates the hedge around the bowling greens and Pavilion and municipal planting around the Model Farm.

The view is of Medium Historical Significance in terms of its history as a good municipal parkland landscape of the early 20th century, and has an important communal significance for its history of common use.

SIGNIFICANCE RATING B/C

Condition: The view is in very good condition, with clear views across the playing fields towards the Model Farm and the southern edge of the Park. There are some intrusive high-rise buildings within the view, but the planting does screen out other development. Although the planting visible within the view mainly dates from the 20th century, the current view gives a fair impression of the appearance of this part of the Park in the late 19th century.

CONDITION RATING 1 View 11 RECOVERABLE.

Visibility of proposed Sports Pavilion The proposed Pavilion would largely by screened from view from this location by the existing line of evergreen trees. The proposed pitches would be visible from this new point at ground level. Site Boundary

32 Leisure Centre, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, October 2015 View 12 (View 1 in 2008 CMP) The Viewing Platform at end of Terrace, looking across Parkland Date View Originated: 1650/early 19th century This view looks over the end of the earthwork terrace associated with the earlier house and gardens, towards the open parkland created in the 18th century. Viewshed analysis of the potential views from the terrace reveals an expansive view across the Thames Valley, taking in Kew, Richmond and Chiswick, however this viewpoint is currently almost wholly obscured by 19th century tree planting on the end of the terrace itself. See views 24 and 25 for context.

Historical Significance: • A key viewpoint from the terrace outside the mid-17th century mansion overlooking the formal garden shown on Rocque’s map. Virtually nothing from this period survives within the view. • In the 18th century this point provided a view over the Horseshoe Pond and the rest of the formal gardens. The view probably also afforded views out into the parkland beyond the garden walls (dense planting is not shown in the garden on the 1777 map suggesting a more open prospect). • During the 19th century this point allowed views across the Rothschilds gardens, up to the boundary with the Small Mansion which was disguised with tree planting. It also allowed views across the open parkland now the pitch and putt course. 19th century Ordnance Survey maps show the area to the south as being planted with trees, which may have restricted more expansive views from the terrace.

Overall the view is of High Historical and Aesthetic Value.

SIGNIFICANCE RATING A Recoverable view.

Condition: As a 17th or 18th century view, the present view is in poor condition with few visible features from either period and with a restricted view due to 19th and 20th century planting.

As a 19th and early 20th century view associated with the Rothschild mansion, however, the view is in fair condition, although the density of the later planting means that the view is probably more restricted than it was in the 19th century.

The view across the rose baskets and into the Park is believed to be recoverable. The Model Farm may have been visible from this location. Site Boundary

CONDITION RATING 4 View 12 RECOVERABLE VIEW.

Visibility of proposed Sports Pavilion In the current landscape the proposed sports pavilion would not be visible from this location.

2 Understanding 33 3.1 ASSESSING SIGNIFICANCE Significance can be defined as the sum of the cultural values High: 3 which make a building or landscape important to society. As well A theme, feature or space which is important at national or international level, such as highly graded Listed Buildings and landscapes. SIGNIFICANCE as the physical fabric, age and aesthetic value, more intangible qualities such as communal value, association with historic It will have high cultural value and form an essential piece of the history of a building or site, while greatly contributing towards its character and people, events and former uses are all important in defining the appearance. Large scale alteration or removal of features of this level is significance of a place. The following assessment is based on likely to be strongly resisted, the values outlined in English Heritage’s Conservation Principles, Policies and Guidance (2008) which recommends making assessments under the following categories: Medium: Evidential Value Themes, features or spaces which are important at regional level or The potential of a place to yield evidence about past human sometimes higher. They will have some cultural importance and play an important role in defining the character and appearance of the building activity. or site. Efforts should be made to retain features of this level, though a greater degree of flexibility in terms of alteration would be possible than Historical Value for those items of high significance. The ways in which past people, events and aspects of life can be connected through a place to the present.

Aesthetic Value Low: The ways in which people draw sensory and intellectual Themes, features or spaces which are usually of local value only but stimulation from a place. possibly of regional significance for group or other value. Items have minor cultural importance and add something to the character or Communal Value appearance of the buildings or site. A greater degree of alteration or This derives from the meanings of a place for the people removal would be possible than for items of high or medium significance, who relate to it, or for whom it figures in their collective though a low value does not necessarily mean a feature is expendable. experience or memory. Communal values are closely bound up with historical (particularly associative) and aesthetic values, but tend to have additional and specific aspects, It can be Neutral: commemorative, symbolic or spiritual. These themes, spaces or features have little or no cultural value but do not detract from the character or appearance of the building or These categories will be broken down further into more specific site. Alteration is likely to be possible. assessments including archaeological and ecological value. The assessment also takes into account guidance contained within the HLF’s Conservation Management Planning. Intrusive: Themes, features or spaces which actually detract from the values of the site and its character and appearance. Efforts should be made to remove these features.

34 The significance of Gunnersbury Park is SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANCE It presents a long, impressive unbroken run 3.3 EVIDENTIAL VALUE assessed using a number of significance approximately 3-4 metres high, of header/ The proposals site covers four historically The evidential value of the Park lies in its ratings which are described below: stretcher bond, its upper level differentiated distinct areas; the western section of the potential to provide further information on by a line of headers at approximately 2.5m walled kitchen garden (for car parking), the the evolution of the Park which may enhance 3.2 STATUTORY AND LOCAL height. This section marks the north boundary driveway to the north of this, the disused understanding of the Park and contribute to DESIGNATIONS of the original, east half of the kitchen garden. bowls area, and the wider playing fields to the its heritage significance. South west of this, along the west garden’s The Gunnersbury Park Conservation north west of the park. north boundary, there is no wall remaining Area, the Listed Structures within it and Previous and ongoing archaeological however it is likely it was walled when laid the Registered Park and Garden area all The earliest map consulted which investigations within the Park have identified out. The wall resumes along the 130m long afforded protection through the statutory clearly defines the kitchen garden area is a high potential for the recovery of buried west boundary before returning north-east and local government planning systems. Kretschmar’s map of 1847, noting it as the archaeological evidence. Such evidence for approximately 190m as the east boundary While there are other parks in the UK that kitchen garden area for the estate. The area has the potential to reveal more about alongside the Round Pond and Italian Garden. contain several heritage assets, the high continued to be used as kitchen gardens those elements of the park’s history which number of listed structures as well as the and allotments from the mid-nineteenth are perhaps less well covered by the The outer side of the east boundary wall is link to the conservation area and recognition to the late-twentiethth century. It is documentary record, these include: divided into panels by brick pillars and has of the importance of the Park through its currently privately owned and run by Capel two ornamental gateways in similar style, status as a Registered Park and Garden are Manor College and is occupied by various • Establishing the location, nature, survival with brick arches and iron gates, and knapped unique and notable at Gunnersbury. These greenhouses and other structures used for and significance of buildings and flint banding. Their origin is unclear, probably designations are official recognition of the fruit and vegetable cultivation. The majority associated features shown on historic early-mid-nineteenth century; gateways are high heritage significance of the Park. The of the zone to the west is covered in tarmac maps from the mid-nineteenth century, seemingly shown in these positions by 1847 parks designation as Metropolitan Open hardstanding and contains large greenhouses, in particular the kitchen garden buildings (Kretschmar map). The southern one retains Land; and as a Site of Borough Importance, sheds, portacabins used as offices, and and garden features. an iron gate and apparently aligns on the Grade II for Nature Conservation also add to designated parking areas.1 The brick boundary apple walk beyond which formerly led to the • Locating the site of the medieval manor its cumulative significance. wall enclosing the whole area is intact except large square greenhouse (now the site of the house and associated features, along for a section in the north-west corner house). The northern gateway is boarded with the nature, extent, survival and near the bowling greens. The 150m long up; this gave immediate access to the central significance of the remains. stretch along the lane to the north-west lean-to display greenhouse. These two were incorporates brickwork of apparently early • Determining the presence, nature and the prestigious family and visitor access to the nineteenth century origin and runs seamlessly extent of prehistoric, Roman and early kitchen gardens and the main display green into the garden wall of the Italian Garden and medieval (Saxon) activity. houses which stood in the east section. The garden boundary wall with Pope’s Lane to main working approach to the kitchen garden The kitchen garden area is highlighted as the north. by the later nineteenth century was via the having high potential for post-medieval lane along the north-west side. The 110m remains of buildings shown on historic maps long brick cross wall survives and still links the from the mid-nineteenth century onwards, two halves. along with garden features and planting beds. Such remains would be of low to 1 Gunnersbury Park London W3: Historic medium heritage significance, depending on Environment Assessment, Museum of London Archaeology 2013

3 Significance 35 whether these significantly contributed to the in some of the least understood or well estate, as well as the Rothschild’s other 3.5 AESTHETIC VALUE collective group value of the other buildings documented buildings in the park. Whilst London estates, into the twentieth century. The aesthetic value of the Park lies in and features on the nineteenth century the former layout of the western part of Whilst the majority of the historic features the architectural and landscape quality of estate. the kitchen garden and the majority of the have been lost in the western area of the individual components and their integrity as a greenhouses have now gone, the kitchen kitchen garden, the boundary wall acts as cohesive group. Much of the northern field has seen garden retains considerable historic fabric and a reminder of the scale and design of the development associated with Second World evidence for the historic layout which adds to garden during this phase of the estate’s Given the various owners and architects War use. Whilst the works are unlikely to the evidential value of this area of the site. history. associated with the Park, there is a clear have entailed major ground excavations demonstration of fashions in design, or extensive or deep foundations, this will The overall evidential value of the sites are The late nineteenth century entrance drive popularity of garden buildings and follies, have partially or completely removed any deemed as medium. situated to the north of the proposal site, and the architectural styles which were prehistoric or Roman archaeological remains running parallel alongside the kitchen garden used at various points in history. This results locally. Cut features might however survive wall, follows the alignment of an earlier path 3.4 HISTORIC VALUE in a rich and varied heritage landscape. beneath areas of hardstanding and beneath shown on Rocque’s map of 1746, as such it The buildings and garden landscaping were temporary structures. The north playing fields The historic value of the Park lies holds historic value as a reminder of the early influenced by a number of 18th and 19th have high potential for post-medieval remains predominantly in its far reaching historic estate landscape. Although now covered century architectural styles and landscaping as air photographs dated to the 1940s show associations and its documented past. There with a modern tarmac surface the drive has genres including classical, gothick, Gothic a WWII anti-aircraft gun emplacement and have been several prominent ownerships of low historic value in illustrating another point and landscape style. In this way, the Park barracks across this part of the site. Although the estate throughout its history, including the of access to the late nineteenth century acts as a visual reference scale for changing no above ground remains are visible, there division and re-unification of some areas of parkland. design tastes. The aesthetic quality of the are extensive parchmarks noted on the site land. This has led to a complexity of historical Park is diverse reflecting many phases of use walkover inspection, where the grass growth development as well as associations with During WWII Gunnersbury Park was used as and style, the aesthetic value of the Park is is stunted, suggesting that subsurface features numerous important architects and owners a heavy anti-aircraft artillery site, situated in considered to be high. such as hardstanding and slab/raft footings which are comprehensively detailed in the the north western park of the playing fields. for temporary structures are still present, CMP. The site’s significance is enhanced by Photographic and cartographic evidence are Whilst the surviving garden walls are of immediately beneath the topsoil. WWII events held at the estate such as parties key reminders of this significant part of the aesthetic value, the majority of the west area remains would potentially be of medium thrown by the Rothschild’s, the well Park’s history. of the kitchen garden is covered in tarmac significance if extensive and if enhanced with documented opening ceremony of the public hardstanding and contains large greenhouses, oral history accounts from local people. This park during the 1920s and the modern day The area of the proposed sports pavilion sheds, portacabins used as offices, and would be derived from the evidential, historic London Mela which celebrates Asian culture building to the west of the kitchen garden designated parking areas. These are of neutral and possibly communal value of the remains. and art. The historical value of the Park and lay outside of the park boundary until aesthetic value as are the disused bowls its buildings – particularly through association the mid-nineteenth century. During the greens and pavilion. A number of the extant park buildings have with John Webb and his palladian mansion municipalisation of the park in the twentieth the potential to tell us more about their Sidney Smirke and the Rothschild family is century the existing bowls greens and former layout and construction through considered to be very high. pavilion were built in this area, and still remain analysis of their surviving fabric. This is in situ. The bowls area is too recent to be particularly true of the two mansions. This Established in the early nineteenth century, of much historic value. Its historic value is potential remains to be exploited across the the kitchen gardens continued to provide therefore deemed as neutral. Park and may be particularly informative fruit and vegetables for the Gunnersbury

36 Leisure Centre, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, October 2015 3.6 COMMUNAL VALUE Conservation Management Plan Policies 6.5 ACCESS AND PUBLIC The policies below and contained within the ENJOYMENT The communal value of the Park is CMP are adhered to through the proposed exceptional. The Park is used by a wide cross Accessibility to and around the Park is development. section of the local and regional community currently restricted by the poor state of for a number of uses. While heritage is repair of the Park paths and inadequate CMP perhaps not the main motivator for drawing 6.2 RETAINING AND ENHANCING parking facilities. people to the Park, it is recognised by visitors HERITAGE VALUE as a key definer of the Park’s character. A number of key historic areas and buildings Development of areas with lower levels of are currently fenced off or inaccessible to There is communal value in the continuous historic significance can serve to take away the public for reasons of health and safety use of the estate and later the Park as a place the pressure of development or change on and because they are in private use. Areas of for entertainment and leisure activity. When more significant elements of the Park. particular note are the Potomac and Temple in use as a private estate, numerous people Lakes which are fenced off, the interior of the would have used its pleasure grounds, with The Park is also capable of absorbing discreet walled garden currently in private use and the follies and buildings within it serving all and well-designed modern structures which buildings in poor repair such as the Stables. manner of entertainment purposes. Though do not detract from the heritage significance Occasional tours or open days to currently the land is now a public park this function still of the place and avoid historical pastiche. This private areas would improve accessibility at exists, with many of the buildings currently is demonstrated by the modern toilet block the same time as enhancing understanding of used periodically as a venue for functions north-west of the Large Mansion constructed the historic development of the Park which is and events. The provision of a sports pavilion using filled gambion baskets. Further masked in the present day by current use. within the park will draw visitors and opportunities to enhance the historic setting perpetuate the historic use of the park for through the remodelling or replacement of Character Area 3 The Working Estate private and public leisure activity. The use less historically sympathetic buildings Condition and ongoing maintenance of of the public park in the twentieth century kitchen gardens walls – will work seek to is of particularly high communal value. It is 6.4 CURRENT USE repair the walls? an important space for the general public Use of the Park buildings in the evening could and is of particular interest to residents of contribute to an increased presence in the Lack of public access to interior of former the two boroughs, as demonstrated by the Park during the hours of darkness. Office kitchen garden. existence of the Friends of Gunnersbury Park use during early evenings in winter?Floodlit & Museum. Character Area 5 Historic Enclosure/Playing pitches? Fields

The communal significance of the Park Lack of legibility of World War II history and the sports pavilion (conceptually) is within the landscape. considered to be high.

3 Significance 37 4 IMPACT ASSESSMENT

4.1 SUMMARY OF PROPOSALS The proposals comprise the construction of a Sports Pavilion on the southern portion of the existing bowls pitch with tennis courts to the north. To the north west, west and south west a mix of grass and artificial pitches will be laid out. Additional parking will be provided within the Grade II garden walls to the east. The walls will be topped with reversible security wire as part of this process. The existing planting around the new Pavilion will be retained and supplemented to limit views of the Pavilion from the wider parkscape. The sports pitches will require some ground modification in the form of cut and fill to level the existing ground cartons. The following plans show the Pavilion and associated components in context.

38 NOTE

Y BA ACH CO ED PROPOS TION SUBSTA

Proposed car parking

CYCLE AND BIN STORE

S AND ST LE S YC SPORT C STORE

S D N A T S E

YCL C Proposed pavilion

EXTISTING TREES NEW TREES

. Revision Date Description By/Ch

0 10 20 30 40 50

Scale in Meters

CLIENT HOUNSLOW COUNCIL EALING COUNCIL

LONDON MANCHESTER BIRMINGHAM GLASGOW

AFLS+P ARCHITECTS T +44 (0) 20 7831 8877 THE CORNERHOUSE 91-93 FARRINGDON ROAD F +44 (0) 20 3116 6890 LONDON E [email protected] EC1M 3LN W www.aflsp.com

STATUS PLANNING ISSUE

PROJECT GUNNERSBURY PARK

DRAWING SITE PLAN - 01

SCALE As indicatedSHEET SIZE A1 DRAWN BY Author CHECKED BY CheckerDATE 09/16/15 PROJECT NO. DRAWING NO. REVISION 3399 (08)003

This drawing must not be reproduced in whole or part without written consent. Do not scale this drawing. All dimensions in millimetres. Written dimensions to be checked on site. Electronic issue to be confirmed by paper copy only. c 2013 AFLSP Limited. All Rights Reserved.

4 Impact Assessment 39 EAST AND SOUTH ELEVATIONS - PROPOSED SPORTS PAVILION

NOTE 1 7 4 1 2

East Elevation 1 : 100

8 5 4 3 1 7 2

. Revision Date Description By/Ch

0 1 5 10

Scale in Meters

CLIENT HOUNSLOW COUNCIL South Elevation EALING COUNCIL 1 : 100

1 Timber cladding E STATUS PLANNING ISSUE 2 Gabion wall PROJECT 3 Metal cladding 4 Perforated metal cladding GUNNERSBURY PARK 5 Pre-cast concrete 6 Louvre DRAWING 7. Cycle stand EAST AND SOUTH ELEVATIONS 8. Sports store

SCALE As indicatedSHEET SIZE A1 DRAWN BY VG CHECKED BY AC DATE 16/09/15 PROJECT NO. DRAWING NO. REVISION S 3399 (08)012

40 Leisure Centre, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, October 2015 WEST AND NORTH ELEVATIONS - PROPOSED SPORTS PAVILION

NOTE 5 1 3 4 8 2 7 9

West Elevation 1 : 100

2 4 7 6 8

. Revision Date Description By/Ch

0 1 5 10

Scale in Meters

CLIENT North Elevation HOUNSLOW COUNCIL 1 : 100 EALING COUNCIL

LONDON MANCHESTER BIRMINGHAM GLASGOW Materials AFLS+P ARCHITECTS T +44 (0) 20 7831 8877 Existing level THE CORNERHOUSE Material: Mark Material: Comments 91-93 FARRINGDON ROAD F +44 (0) 20 3116 6890 LONDON E [email protected] EC1M 3LN W www.aflsp.com 1 Timber cladding STATUS PLANNING ISSUE 2 Gabion wall PROJECT 3 Metal cladding GUNNERSBURY PARK 4 Perforated metal cladding W 5 Pre-cast concrete 6 Louvre DRAWING 7. Flue WEST AND NORTH ELEVATIONS 8. Sports store 9. Bench

SCALE As indicatedSHEET SIZE A1 DRAWN BY VG CHECKED BY AC DATE 16/09/15 PROJECT NO. DRAWING NO. REVISION 3399 (08)013

4 Impact Assessment 41 GUNNERSBURY PARK LEISURE DEVELOPMENT INCLUDING PROPOSED PITCH LAYOUT

42 Leisure Centre, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, October 2015 PROPOSED LANDSCAPE MASTERPLAN

4 Impact Assessment 43 4.2 ASSESSMENT CRITERIA The impact will be assessed based on the following criteria: The following section will assess the impact of the proposed development on the heritage value of Gunnersbury Park and its component parts. LEVEL OF CHANGE DESCRIPTION This assessment is carried out in line with The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) and has been based on the proposal drawings shown Major Change Results in a substantial visual or physical change (i.e. loss of historic fabric) to the on the preceding pages. form, appearance or context of a heritage asset.

In order to more fully understand the effect of the impact of Moderate Change Results in a significant visual or physical change (i.e. loss of historic fabric) to the development on the heritage context, we have used criteria based on form, appearance or context of a heritage asset. that recommended by ICOMOS. This is a clear way of understanding not just the impact of change but how levels of impact vary according to the Minor Change Results in some visual or physical change (i.e. loss of historic fabric) to the form, value of the heritage asset. It defines the ‘Level of Change’ proposed and appearance or context of a heritage asset. secondly, the ‘Effect of Overall Impact’. The latter is in the form of a matrix which sets the ‘Level of Change’ against ‘Heritage Value’ to determine the Negligible Change Results in a negligible visual or physical change to the form , appearance or context subsequent ‘Effect of Overall Impact’ which ranges from ‘Neutral ‘to ‘Very of a heritage asset. Large’. No Change No visual or physical change to the heritage asset.

HERITAGE VALUE LEVEL OF OVERALL (SIGNIFICANCE) +CHANGE = IMPACT

The overall level of impact is judged as being either ‘beneficial’ or ‘adverse’, LEVEL OF CHANGE (Adverse or Beneficial) in line with ICOMOS terminology. As implied, a ‘beneficial’ impact refers HERITAGE No Change Negligible Minor Moderate Major to interventions that may have a positive effect on the asset, such as VALUE conservation of a feature. An ‘adverse’ impact refers to interventions that EFFECT OF OVERALL IMPACT may have a more negative impact, such as the removal of original fabric. Large/ Very Very High Neutral Slight Moderate/ Large Very Large The definition of the various impacts is set out in the table below. It is Large important to consider that ‘adverse’ impacts may not be impermissible, just that their effect needs to be considered within the wider context and Large/ Very High Neutral Slight Moderate/ Large Very Large any beneficial impacts that may contribute as mitigating factors. Large

The following section is intended to assess the impact of the proposals on the heritage value of the park. This assessment is based on the Medium Neutral Neutral/ Slight Slight Moderate Moderate/ Large observations made while on site, an understanding of the development of the park and what makes it special and a review of the design proposals. Low Neutral Neutral/ Slight Neutral/ Slight Slight Slight/ Moderate The level of impact will take into account the significance of the heritage asset and the surrounding buildings and spaces, in order to weigh this against the level of change and conclude with a level of impact. The Negligible Neutral Neutral Neutral/ Slight Neutral/ Slight Slight impact on above and below ground heritage assets is considered.

44 Leisure Centre, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, October 2015 4.3 IMPACT ASSESSMENT

VALUE HERITAGE VALUE DESCRIPTION AND LEVEL OF CHANGE OVERALL IMPACT Gunnersbury HIGH Immediate context of Sports Pavilion- Sports Pavilion Park Conservation Minor Change wider setting within park Moderate Change Wider Setting Area and immediate setting Registered Park Long distance views across the park and towards the site of and Garden The sports pavilion is proposed at a relatively discreet location within the the proposed sports pavilion will be largely unaffected by its incorporating key park sheltered from the more formal elements of the park landscaping introduction, largely as a result of intervening park planting. views identified in and built fabric west of the Temple Pond and Walled Gardens. In its the CMP predeveloped state, the site is screened from long distance views by Immediate setting an evergreen tree line to the west and lower level hedgerows on the Large/very large adverse. This adverse impact is reduced to remaining sides. Views of the site from the open parkland to the south and minor as a result of the existing and proposed supplementation of south west are impeded by intervening parkland trees and the Children’s screening around the proposed development site playground. The scale and massing of the building has been developed to ‘nestle’ within its immediate context Walled Garden/Car Park Area Slight adverse impact Aesthetic value of walled garden when viewed from wider Park With the exception of the security fencing, views of the Listed Negligible Change walls will remain largely unchanged as a result of the proposed The area within the walled garden will be reused to accommodate leisure development. The change remains adverse as the use of the former centre associated parking. None of the structures proposed for removal kitchen gardens will be altered from its historic horticultural use to a within the walled garden hold any heritage value. The appearance of the wholly associated use as a car park encircling Listed walls will remain as today retaining the sense of enclose associated with the walled garden and its distinct separation from the wider Open Parkland estate and from the site of the sports pavilion and proposed sports pitches. Aesthetic quality of Open Parkland Slight adverse/neutral impact. The re landscaping of the parkland Open Parkland west of the sports pavilion will retain the existing and municipal Negligible Change/no change use of this open area of the park. It will however result in some The area of open green field west and south-west of the proposed sports small scale alteration to the topography of the site from existing. It pavilion is currently occupied by sports pitches delineated by goal posts. should be noted however that this area of the park is likely to have The proposals seek to re-landscape this area to provide more formal sports undergone landscaping to provide the existing sports pitches around pitches, this will be achieved through land levelling. 1925.

4 Impact Assessment 45 VALUE HERITAGE VALUE DESCRIPTION AND LEVEL OF CHANGE OVERALL IMPACT Grade II Listed HIGH Negligible The slight adverse impact resulting from alteration to the physical garden walls From an exterior vantage point the Listed Garden walls will largely remain appearance of the Listed wall as a result of security interventions will as in the present day following the development of the interior car park. be mitigated through design detailing. The walls will be topped with minimal intervention security fencing which will be largely invisible from middle and long distance views. Other Listed HIGH Listed Building fabric There would be a neutral impact on the fabric and local context Buildings within No change of all other Listed Buildings within the Park. The proposed the Park Listed Building context development would not be visible from any vantage points across Minor Change the park allowing their historic curtilage to remain unaffected. Beyond the Listed garden walls, no other Listed Buildings are located in the immediate context of the proposed sports pavilion or sports pitches. Historic and municipal park planting south east of the site as well as the intervening development within the former walled gardens acts as a visual barrier dividing the proposed development site from the formal Listed Buildings and structures to the east. Buried MEDIUM Moderate Potential Moderate adverse on buried archaeological deposit Archaeology (POTENTIAL) Landscaping works associated with proposed MUGA and sports pitches should they exist within the footprint of proposed landscaping. comprise ground cut and fill and as such have the potential to impact on Archaeological evidence suggests that archaeological deposits any buried archaeological deposits. associated with WWII structures exists north and north-west of the existing bowling green in the area proposed for re-landscaping This risk is of particular note to the north of the proposed sports pavilion to accommodate sports pitches. The adverse effects of this ground at the site of the known World War II military defences. Ground works intrusion could be mitigated by ‘preservation by record’ through across this area largely comprise cut rather than fill. archaeological investigation.

46 Leisure Centre, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, October 2015 4.4 DISCUSSION Furthermore, Paragraph 131 of the NPPF When considering the proposals within States: the park landscape as a whole, they are Gunnersbury Park is allocated within the believed to result in ‘less than substantial Local Plan for restoration. This restoration In determining planning applications, local harm’ on the overall heritage value of the includes ‘potential enabling development planning authorities should take account of: park. Paragraph 134 of the NPPF states that and creation of a sporting hub’. The Park ‘Where a development proposal will lead to and a number of features within it are on • the desirability of sustaining and less than substantial harm to the significance of the Heritage at Risk Register and are noted enhancing the significance of heritage a designated heritage asset, this harm should within the top 12 risk properties in England assets and putting them to viable uses be weighed against the public benefits of the by Historic England. It is recognised that consistent with their conservation; proposal, including securing its optimum viable significant investment is needed to restore use’. and repair the buildings and landscape and • the positive contribution that part of this process is to include regeneration conservation of heritage assets can make The proposed development seeks to to protect and enhance what is most to sustainable communities including their perpetuate the use of the municipal park important about this special place. economic vitality; and encouraging visitors and bringing in revenue • the desirability of new development that will help support the regeneration of the While some minor adverse impacts resulting making a positive contribution to local park as a whole without impacting the key from the proposals have been drawn out character and distinctiveness. heritage values of the park. in the above table, this impact has been minimised where possible through the discreet placement of the new sports The development proposals seek to adhere pavilion, careful design treatment of the park to this policy, looking to protect what is most fronting elevations and the optimisation of important about Gunnersbury Park through existing and supplementary screening around considered intervention and through the its curtilage. use of new build development to reflect the qualities of an active park environment and to This aside, this low level adverse impact must encourage and support regeneration across be weighed up against the overall public the more historically important areas of the benefit of the proposals which will result in park. the revitalisation of the park and will enable through revenue generation the regeneration of the park and its component parts, a key objective of both the Local Plan, the English Heritage at Risk Register and the Park wide Conservation Management Plan (Purcell 2015, unadopted currently being updated).

4 Impact Assessment 47 APPENDICES

APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX B: VIEWS IMPACT ASSESSMENT

48 Leisure Centre, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, October 2015 APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHY Please refer to the previous CMP for additional sources which have not been referenced in this updated document.

Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable) Maps Plan of Gunnersbury Park Driver, E 1835 Printed sale plan of Gunnersbury Park as developed by Copland since c.1801. & Mansion ... Rothchild Archive, New Court. Greenwood 1819 Plan of Middlesex British Library Maps BL Maps A detailed plan, which Copy in GPM Plan Chest 84.99; Map of Gunnersbury Park also includes two ‘Geological Sections’ The Royal Collection; Royal Kretschmar, E. 1847 further copy at Rothchild Archive, with vignette views through the park and a series of sketches of Archives, Windsor New Court. scenes and buildings within the park. Map of the Parish of Ealing by William Nichols of Brentford. Shows Pleasure Gardens enlarged to include land Nichols, William (of AA Report see GPM: FC3 1777 Map of the Parish of Ealing to south and west. House enlarged. Ealing Library Brentford) 82.33/1a‐4a Gardens still enclosed by a wall. Horseshoe Pond, Round Pond, Temple, two gothic buildings and ?2 further buildings. Map of the Parish of Ealing by William Nichols of Brentford. By the 1822 edition the two gothic buildings were not shown. One of the buildings, a tall spire, in the SW corner of the park, is shown in an C18 Nichols, William (of 1777 (revised AA Report see GPM: FC3 Map of the Parish of Ealing watercolour. The other, which looks like a Ealing Library Brentford) 1822) 82.33/1a‐4a church, resembles the gothic Priory of St Hubert, built by Richard Bentley for Henrietta Howard at Marble Hill. The ‘Priory’ functioned as a barn for the Marble Hill Farm. Ordnance Survey 1807‐1808 Surveyors Notebook Surveyors Notebook Drawings Sheet 152 British Library Card 210 Ordnance Survey 1865 OS Map 1st edition Ordnance Survey 25” series surveyed 1865, published 1880. British Library Maps Mddx sheet XVI.13 & XXI.1 1st edition Ordnance Survey 25” series surveyed 1865, published 1880. Ordnance Survey 1865 OS Map Coloured and annotated in red ink with Tithe details. Rothchild Archive, New Court. Mddx sheet XVI.13 & XXI.1 Ordnance Survey 1865 OS Map 1st edition Ordnance Survey 6” series surveyed 1865, published 1874. National Library of Scotland Mddx sheet XVI & XXI 2nd edition Ordnance Survey 25” series surveyed 1891‐93, published 1894‐ Ordnance Survey 1891‐93 OS Map 96. British Library Maps Mddx sheet XVI.13 & XXI.1 Ordnance Survey 1891‐93 OS Map 2nd edition Ordnance Survey 6” series surveyed 1891‐93, published 1894‐96. British Library Maps Mddx sheet XVI & XXI Ordnance Survey 1915 OS Map Ordnance Survey 25” scale 3rd edition British Library Maps Mddx sheet XVI.13 & XXI.1 Ordnance Survey 1915 OS Map Ordnance Survey 6” scale 3rd edition British Library Maps Mddx sheet XVI & XXI Ordnance Survey 1935 OS Map Ordnance Survey 25” scale revised edition British Library Maps Mddx sheet XVI.13 & XXI.1 Ordnance Survey 1965 OS Map Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 scale British Library Maps Mddx sheet XVI.13 & XXI.1 Ordnance Survey 1960 1960 OS Map Ordnance Survey Map ‐ First edition National Grid 1:2500 series British Library Maps

Appendix A: Bibliography 49 APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY

Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable)

A Plan of the Cities of London & Westminster, and Borough of Southwark. Roque, Plan of London… Showing a formal garden, enclosed by walls. The rest of the estate Rocque, John 1746 and the County Near Ten AA Report Copy in GPM Plan Chest was laid out as orchards and as parkland, Miles Round with an avenue (surveyed 1741). Plan of Gunnersbury Park showing ‘Polo Field’ of 17 acres to the west of the Unknown nd Plan showing polo field Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM85.98/15b. (Ealing) park. Plan of Gunnersbury Shows leasehold and freehold areas and environs of mansion including Unknown 1784 GPM Estate walled garden to south & terrace; no ponds shown

Plan of the Gunnersbury Estate, the property of Mr Estate divided into 9 lots with acreage of each, shows Round Pond and 'Dairy Unknown 1800 Morley, as allotted for safe Soane Museum Drawer 30. Set 3. Item 2, held with House' (Temple). d: July 22nd 1800 material on Pitzhanger Manor estate that Soane eventually bought. Indenture including a plan of the garden. GPM: Plan Chest Plan showing division of Shows the ‘Dairy House’ (Temple) by the 85.98/1 (Plan) GPM: Unknown 1801 or 1802 Gunnersbury Park Museum estate Round Pond and the division of land into Box File 1 13 plots (transcript) Plan of Gunnersbury Park Unknown 1835 Plan of Gunnersbury Park House and Grounds, part of deeds House and Grounds LMA? Copy GPM Plan of Gunnersbury 1836 in corner of a deed showing paths, Italian Gardens, GPM: FC3 85.130/3 (plan) GPM: building locations (prob. The alcove in southern belt, gothic buildings in west Unknown 1836 Plan of Gunnersbury 1836 Ealing Library Box File 1 (transcript of deed) belt and Dairy [Temple] by Round Pond), and tree types. Deed gives further (Ealing Library) details Plan of Gunnersbury Park Plan of Gunnersbury Park showing purchase of additional land in 1861 (331 Ealing Library: C‐W (illustration) Unknown 1861 showing purchase of acres) including Coles Hole, a former clay pit, which became the Potomac Copy at GPM additional land in 1861 Lake. The Tile Kiln was converted into the Boathouse and folly tower.

Unknown 1839 Ealing Parish Tithe Map Tithe Map London Metropolitan Archives LMA TA/EAL; Copy GPM

Unknown 1839 Tithe Map of Ealing Tithe Map of Ealing London Metropolitan Archives LMA TA/EAL

Unknown 1855 Plan of Gunnersbury 1855 Plan of Gunnersbury Park showing the Bishop of London’s leasehold lands. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Plan Chest 85.98/11b

Plan as part of Indenture GPM: Plan Chest 85.98/12a (plan) Unknown 1862 with land to east marked Plan as part of Indenture with land to east marked ‘late Thomas Farmer Esq’. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 (transcript) ‘late Thomas Farmer Esq’. Sketch plan of water Unknown 1884 Sketch plan of Water Supply and Fire Service at Gunnersbury Park Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Plan Chest 81.100/1 supply Artillery placement within Unknown 1981 Map showing WWII artillery placements within Gunnersbury Park Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Plan Chest Gunnersbury Park

50 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY

Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable) Plan of Gunnersbury Park showing the ‘Polo Field’ of 17 acres in the west of GPM: Plan Chest 85.98/15b Unknown Early C20 Plan showing polo field Ealing Library the park. (Ealing) Architectural Drawings Elevation of John Webb's Engraving of north front of Webb house GPM: Green Box Green, B. (after S. Wale) c.1761 Gunnersbury Park Museum House with scalloped forecourt walls. T610/0‐1 & 60.68 Plans & front elevation of Engraving of Gunnersbury House, Vitruvius Brit. Vol 1 Jones, Inigo c. 1715 John Webb's house from attributed by Colen Campbell to Inigo RIBA 1715 p117‐118 Vitruvius Britannicus Jones

James Pulham’s initial Pulham, J. W. C19th design for the boathouse Sketch design of Potomac Lake boat house Gunnersbury Park Museum Rothschild Archive on Potomac lake. Plan of Small Mansion Plan of Small Mansion ground floor ‘as proposed to be altered’ by Sydney Smirke, Sydney c.1835 RIBA ground floor Smirke c. 1835 Plan of Small Mansion Smirke, Sydney c.1835 Drawing of proposed Conservatory by Smirke. Rothschild Archive GPM: FC3 81.17/13 conservatory Smirke’s design for the Smirke, Sydney c.1835 Design for Small Mansion doors RIBA new doors South elevation drawn by Smirke, Sydney c.1835 South elevation of Small Mansion RIBA Smirke Ground floor plan is Smirke, Sydney c.1835 Plan of Small Mansion ground floor as altered by Smirke RIBA altered by Smirke Drawing of proposed Smirke, Sydney 1835 Drawing of proposed Conservatory by Smirke. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: FC3 81.17/13 Conservatory by Smirke.

Ground Plan of Ground plan of the Gunnersbury Park House ‘as proposed to be altered’ by Smirke, Sydney 1835 Rothschild Archive GPM: Plan Chest (Rothschild) Gunnerbury Park 1835 Sydney Smirke dated September 2 1835. Shows the Carriage Drive approach.

Plan by Sydney Smirke showing the drainage between the two parts of Plan of drainage by S Smirke, Sydney 1838 Horseshoe pond and showing divisions between the ponds. Refers to the Ealing Library GPM: Plan Chest 85.98/76 (Ealing) Smirke fountain in Mr Farmer’s pond. Drawing of the south Drawing of the south elevation of Gunnersbury Park House, by Sydney Smirke Smirke, Sydney 1835 Gunnersbury Park Museum Rothschild; CPM: FC3 81.17/11b elevation 1835, showing the exterior before Smirke’s alterations. Sydney Smirke’s Smirke, Sydney 1836‐1847 Sydney Smirke’s Scrapbook, including designs for Gunnersbury Scrapbook Elevation of East Stable Smirke, Sydney c.1836 Sydney Smirke’s elevation for the East Stable Block block Watercolour of Smirk’s Watercolour of Smirk’s Orangery (built c1836‐38) Shows its immediate Unknown Post 1843 Rothschild Archive, New Court. Collett‐White (illustration). Orangery setting on the west side of Horseshoe pond.

Appendix A: Bibliography 51 APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY

Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable)

Drawing of a garden building ‘In the Gardens at Gunnersbury’. Possibly by Drawing of a garden William Chambers Shown in Payne view of 1792 and probably demolished Unknown Pre‐1792 building ‘In the Gardens at GPM: FC3 60.115 (Chiswick) c1800. The Bath house is now located very near the site of this building and Gunnersbury’. the two are therefore unlikely to have co‐existed. Plan and elevation of the GPM: FC3 81.17/14 (Rothschild Unknown Mid C19 lodge showing the new Plan and elevation of the lodge showing the new porch Gunnersbury Park Museum Scrap). porch Unknown 1928 Ground floor plan, 1928 Ground floor plan of Large Mansion Gunnersbury Park Museum John Webb, public and son‐in‐law (?) of Inigo Jones, built Gunnersbury House for John Maynard. Designs by Webb at RIBA. Webb was assisted by Edward Webb, J. c.1658 Designs by J. Webb RIBA Marshall and Inigo Jones may have been involved in the design of the house, which was completed in 1663 Books & Other Publications Angus described Gunnersbury in 1787. The Seats of the Nobility The Gardens had been ‘greatly improved by Angus, W. 1787 and Gentry in Great her Royal Highness, to which many N/A N/A Britain and Wales Additions were made by Plantations, additional Grounds and elegant erections’. The Victoria History of the Counties of England: A History of Middlesex, pp. Baker, T. F. T. 1982 A History of Middlesex 125‐6. Middlesex Monthly , 2 Blumstein, M. H. 1953 ‘Historic houses of the County: Gunnersbury Park’. Apr., pp. 28‐32. Fete at Gunnersbury July 1838. Described Victoria, Albert and Mrs GPM: Plan Chest Boyken, E. (ed.) 1958 in Victoria, Albert and Mrs Stevenson Ed. Gunnersbury Park Museum Stevenson 86.103/1 E Boykin 1958 Description of an 1838 Fete at Gunnersbury July 1838. Described in Victoria, Albert and Mrs Boykin, E. 1958 Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Plan Chest 86.103/1 fete at Gunnersbury Stevenson Ed. E Boykin 1958 Gunhilda's Graceful Bradley‐Hole, K 2004 Grounds', Country Life , 22 Article on grounds using historic CL images. July, pp. 56‐59. Journal of the Japanese M. Bushy, ‘The lost Japanese garden of Gunnersbury Park, West Bushy, M 1997 Garden SocietySummer London’,Shakkeipp. 62‐65. 1997 Campbell, C. 1715 Vitruvius Britannicus Engraving of Gunnersbury House, attributed by Colen Campbell to Inigo Jones RIBA (also available online) Vitruvius Brit. Vol 1 1715 p117‐118 Gunnersbury Park and The Booklet containing the history of the park between Heritage Publications, Collett‐White, A. 1993 Rothschilds 1835 and 1926, with some details on the earlier and later history London Borough of Hounslow. Gunnersbury Park and the Rothschilds. Heritage Publications, London Gunnersbury Park and the Borough of Hounslow. Booklet containing the history of the park between Collett‐White, A. and J. 1993 Rothschilds 1835 and 1926, with some details on the earlier and later history & repro of some 1910‐12 Autochromes. Ripley with a Ruler', The Corner, G. R. 1851 Builder , 9, p. 3.

52 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY

Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable) Gardener's Magazine 28 Curtis, C.A. 1906 C.A. Curtis, ‘Gunnersbury Park, Acton’. Gunnersbury Park Museum GM 28 July 1906 GPM: Box File 1 July, pp. 496‐8. A Tour Through the Whole Daniel Defoe described Gunnersbury in his Tour. The Island of Great Britain 3 description refers to the Terrace, steps Defoe, D. 1742 Defoe Tour … Vol 3 (3rd Ed.) pp.290‐291 down to the garden, which was ‘too plain’ within appendix) and enclosed by walls. William Kent; Landscape Dixon‐Hunt, J. 1978 William Kent, Landscape Designer, by John Dixon Hunt Designer ‘Gunnersbury House near R. & J. Dodsley, ‘Gunnersbury House near Ealing’ inLondon and its Environs Dodsley, R and Dodsley, J. 1761 Ealing’ inLondon and its Described3pp. 110‐111. Description of Gunnersbury in London and its Gunnersbury Park Museum Vol. 3 1761 GPM: Box File 1 Environs Described Environs Described – very similar to Defoe Elliot, B. 1986 Victorian Gardens Victorian Gardens Batsford. Elliot, B. 1992 The GardenDec 1992 B. Elliott, ‘Note on H.J. Farmer’ p. 594. Elliot, B. 1992 The GardenMarch 1992 B. Elliott, ‘Top marks for James Hudson’ pp. 118‐119. Rest garden where a Article by E.T. & B.D., ‘Rest garden where a princess bathed’ in Acton Gazette Acton Gazette and West London E.T. & B.D. 1951 princess bathed and West London Post Post March 30 1951 An account of a period in horticultural history, which looks at the revolution Elliot, B. 1986 Victorian Gardens in aesthetics, the rise of the head gardener, the high Victorian garden and Gunnersbury Park Museum 1986.35 history and horticulture. Morison’s widow, Jane, Countess of Carnwarth, sold Gunnersbury House and grounds to Thomas Farmer in 1828. Sale advertised in The Morning Chronicle T. Faulkner ‐ Brentford, Ealing & 23 July 1828 as a ‘beautiful freehold estate forming the East End of Faulkner, T. 1828 The Morning Chronicle Gunnersbury Park Museum Chiswick 1845 GPM: Box File 1 Gunnersbury Park. Refers to ‘commanding terrace walk’ ‘elegant (copy) Conservator’ ‘lawn and pleasure ground’ and an ‘ornamental dairy in the gothic style and cold bath’. The History and Faulkner, T. 1845 Antiquities of Brentford, Ealing and Chiswick , p.257

Festing, S. 1997 Article S. Festing, ‘Recent discoveries and restoration of Pulham sites’ pp. 235‐237. Garden History 25‐1997 The Gardeners’ G. Gordon, ‘A Japanese Garden in England’ illustration of the Japanese Gordon, G. 1902 Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 Magazine45Mar. 15 Garden, pp. 160‐161. Gunnersbury Park 1984 Gunnersbury Park guidebook Gunnersbury Park Museum Museum A Japanese Garden in Hudson, J. 1907 Journal of the Royal Horticultural Societ y, pp. 1‐10 England' The Garden, 01 Mar, pp. Hudson, J. 1902 J. Hudson, ‘Wall gardening at Gunnersbury’. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 140‐141. Journal of Horticulture 25 J. Hudson, ‘Hardy Nymphaeas’, Notes of the Waterlily collection pp. 139‐141 J.Hortand Cottage Gardener25 Aug Hudson, J. 1898 Gunnersbury Park Museum Aug & 8 Sept continued Sept 8 p. 188, 189. & 8 Sept 1898 Journal of the Royal Hudson, J. 1907 J. Hudson, ‘A Japanese garden in England’ Horticultural Society

Appendix A: Bibliography 53 APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY

Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable)

GC & Agricultural Gazette Unknown 1853 ‘Garden memoranda. Gunnersbury Park, the seat of Baron de Rothschild’ . Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: 85.103/1D 27 Aug, pp. 550‐1. GC & Agricultural Gazette , Unknown 1854 ‘Garden memoranda. Gunnersbury’, effects of frost Gardeners’ . Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: 85.103/1E 6 May, p. 287 The Gardeners’ Chronicle Unknown 1855 and Agricultural Gazette, ‘Gunnersbury Park, the seat of Baron de Rothschild’. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: 85.103/1F 18 Aug, pp. 551‐2.

The Gardeners’ Chronicle ‘Garden memoranda. Gunnersbury Park’. Reference to fine conifers of rarer Unknown 1856 and Agricultural Gazette , Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: 85.103/1G and better kinds. 2 Aug, pp. 519‐520. Cottage Gardener and Unknown 1857 Country Gentleman’s Article on Gunnersbury Park Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM:Box File 1 Companion , 24 March. The Gardeners’ Chronicle Unknown 1862 and Agricultural Gazette , ‘Gunnersbury Park, Ealing’. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: 85.103/1H p. 383.

The Gardeners’ Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette, Unknown 1871 ‘Garden memoranda’. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 pp. 486, 516, 565, 582, 598, 614.

The Gardeners’ Chronicle Unknown 1873 and Agricultural Gazette, ‘Tree ferns at Gunnersbury’ . Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 19 April, pp. 544‐5. Gardeners Chronicle, 16 Unknown 1881 ‘Gunnersbury House’. GC6ii July 161881 July, pp. 72‐3. ‘Country Seats and Gardens of Great Britain: Gunnersbury Park, Acton’ . Garden, 19, 26 Feb, pp. Unknown 1881 Separate illustration of the cedar grove without text p. 2. Description of the Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 227‐230 newly created Potomac Lake. The Garden, 23, Nov 3, Unknown 1883 ‘Gunnersbury Park’. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 2 pp. 384‐385 Journal of Horticulture 9 Journal of Horticulture & CG 9 July Unknown 1885 ‘Gunnersbury House’ by 'A caller' Gunnersbury Park Museum July, pp. 18‐19 1885 GPM: Box File 1 The Gardeners’ Chronicle, Unknown 1891 ‘Garden memoranda. The new vineries at Gunnersbury’. 29, 17 April, pp. 486, 516. Gardeners Chronicle, 9 Unknown 1891 View of the Magnolia conspicua . GC I 1891 p 591 May, p.591. Gardening World , 20 June, Unknown 1891 ‘Gunnersbury Park’. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: 85.103/18A p.666

54 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY

Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable) Gardeners' Chronicle , 14 Unknown 1893 ‘Jottings from Gunnersbury Park’. Gunnersbury Park Museum GC1414 Oct 1893 GPM: Box File 1 October, pp. 467‐68. Gardeners' Chronicle, 07 Unknown 1893 ‘Notes from Gunnersbury House’. Gunnersbury Park Museum GC1427 Oct 1893 GPM: Box File 1 October, pp.26‐27. The Gardeners’ Chronicle , Unknown 1898 Illustration of a Dendrobium Formosum Giganteum at Gunnersbury House Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 31 Dec Journal of Horticulture, J.Hort CG 8 Aug 1901 GPM: Box Unknown 1901 Cottage Gardener, 8 Aug, ‘Gunnersbury House’ Article on the Japanese Gardens. Gunnersbury Park Museum File 1 p. 132. The Gardeners’ Chronicle , Unknown 1906 Description of Gunnersbury Park. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 18 Aug Country Life , 24 Nov., pp. Unknown 1900 Gunnersbury Park & House gardens. Chiswick Library CL Nov 24 1900 pp656‐663 656‐63. Gardener's Magazine, 15 Unknown 1902 The Japanese Garden Gunnersbury Park Museum GM 15 Mar 1902 GPM: Box File 1 March. The Gardeners’ Chronicle , Unknown 1902 Illustration of, and short article on the Japanese Garden Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 5 April. The Gardeners’ Chronicle , ‘The Japanese Garden, Gunnersbury House, Acton (Supplementary Unknown 1902 Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 April 5, pp. 228‐9 . illustration)’ .

The Gardeners’ Chronicle , Unknown 1902 ‘View of the Japanese Garden Gunnersbury House, Acton’ . 31, 10 May, pp. 308‐9.

The Gardeners’ Chronicle, Unknown 1902 ‘Japanese Garden at Gunnersbury House, Acton' (supplementary illustration). 32, 12 July, pp. 20‐21. The Car, No. XI, 20 Aug, Unknown 1902 ‘Cars and country houses no. XI, Gunnersbury Park’ Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 pp. 445‐48. The Gardeners’ Chronicle , Unknown 1905 ‘Gunnersbury House Gardens’, specially Japanese and Bamboo Gardens. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 34, 2 Dec, p.388

The Gardeners’ Chronicle , Unknown 1906 ‘Gunnersbury Park’. 40, 13 Aug, pp. 121‐3, 133. Journal of Horticulture, 10 Unknown 1906 ‘Gunnersbury in May’ Gunnersbury Park Museum J.Hort.HF 10 May GPM: Box File 1 May, pp.412‐414. Journal of Horticulture , 31 Unknown 1906 View of Gunnersbury House and lake Gunnersbury Park Museum J.HortHF 31 May GPM: Box File 1 May. Gardeners' Chronicle , 11 Gunnersbury House especially Swiss, Japanese, Ivy and Heath Gardens. P. Unknown 1906 Gunnersbury Park Museum GC4011 Aug 1906 GPM: Box File 1 August, pp. 101‐05. 105 has photo of Hudson. Gardener's Magazine, 28 Unknown 1908 Photograph of the basket beds GM 28 July 1908 July. The Gardeners’ Chronicle , Unknown 1910 ‘The Gunnersbury Gardens’. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: 85.103/13 15 Oct, pp. 276‐7.

Appendix A: Bibliography 55 APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY

Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable) Gardeners' Chronicle , June Unknown 1917 Leopold de Rothschild obituary Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: 85.103/14 1917, pp.227‐28. The Gardeners’ Chronicle , Unknown 1919 ‘Retirement of James Hudson'. 63, April 19, p.144. Country Life , 11 April, Unknown 1925 Description of the gardens. Chiswick Library CL April 11 1925 pp562‐563 pp.562‐563. Some Historical Notes on In form of guide book General history from the C11 up to 1926. Includes Unknown 1930 National Monument Record Copy at GPM Gunnersbury Park. current photos. Published by Gunnersbury Park Joint Committee? Unknown c.1951 Guidebook Old guide book Chiswick Library Brentford and Chiswick Unknown 1962 Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Plan Chest Times, 9 Nov. London and its Vicinity , Refers to an alcove seat with a fountain and a statue to Eve. The Temple was GPM: Box File 1 Weale, J. 1851 Gunnersbury Park Museum pp. 520‐2. at this time used as a billiards room (copy) ‘As Finely Finished as CL Nov 11 1982 White, R. 1982 Anything’, Country Life , 11 General history including C17 and C18 Gunnersbury Park Museum pp1480‐1482 GPM: Nov, pp.? Box File 1 Brentford and Chiswick Brentford and Chiswick Local Wisdon, J. 1982 'The Gunnersbury Park Estate', N/A Local History Journal , 3 History Society Journal of Horticulture , 27 J Hort CG 27 July 1899 GPM: Box Wright, H. J. 1899 ‘Gunnersbury House’ . Gunnersbury Park Museum July, pp. 80‐82 File 1 Gardeners' Chronicle , 27 Wythes, G. 1899 ‘Gunnersbury Park and House’. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM:Box File 2 May, p.333

56 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY

Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable) Unpublished Reports & Other Material A Bibliography of Auvache, J. nd Gunnersbury Park Estate A Bibliography of Gunnersbury Park Estate by Jan Auvache (unpublished). Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM Box File 1 by Jan Auvache Ash, H.J. et al. 1992 Flowers in the Grass H. J. Ash, R. Bennett and R. Scott,Flowers in the Grass. English Nature. C. Beresford, Report to London Borough of Hounslow including references list used in Beresford, C. 1994 ‘Gunnersbury Park Garden London Borough of Hounslow Blandford 2008. Archives’. Unpub. Ph. D. thesis. Univ. Reading Extract J. Bold, ‘John Webb’. Sept 1979, pages 159‐171 headed ‘Gunnersbury House; Bold, J. 1979 Department of History of notes 1‐39 on pps348‐352, Appendix VIII headed ‘Gunnersbury Temple – Art from manuscript for pps317‐323, notes 1‐42 on pps 374, 375) PhD

Student report for the Architectural Association J. Butcher, V. Hinze, S. Wood and Y. Young, ‘Gunnersbury Park, Aspects of Butcher, J. et al 1993 Conservation Of Historic Conservation’. Landscapes course.

Cherry, B. (Dr) nd Notes by Dr. B. Cherry Notes on Gunnersbury by Dr Bridget Cherry Gunnersbury Park Museum The Gunnersbury Park Chris Blandford Associates 2008 Estate, Conservation Management Plan Collett‐White, James and nd, c. early Analysis of horticultural Analysis of horticultural magazines Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM Box File 1 Anne 1990s magazines Working papers of J. Collett‐White, J. nd Working papers of J. Collett‐White Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM Box File 1 Collett‐White Notes on Rothschild Box Files at Ealing Library (mostly Ref.DP119) made by Collett‐White, J. 1984 Guidebook notes Gunnersbury Park Museum GMP Box File 1 James C‐W 1984 Incls. Transcripts of the C19 deeds. The Landscape Group, 2013 Heritage Tree Survey University of East Anglia

Unpub. B.A. thesis Dept. R. Leveridge, ‘The Rothschild Style: Aspects of the Patronage and Collecting Leveridge, R. 1984 History of Art, Sheffield Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 2 of the Rothschild Family in England in the Nineteenth Century’. City Polytechnic

R. Nicholson, Unpub. Notes made at the Rothschild Archives. xtensive notes ‘The Management of the plus a short report on ‘The Management of the Gunnersbury Park Estate by Nicholson, R. 1988 Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM uncatalogued. Gunnersbury Park Estate’ Rosy Nicholson (research at Rothschild Archives 1988). Includes photocopies of nursery bills from the Lees’ nursery. 1859‐1861

Gunnersbury Park Sarah Couch Historic 2012 Landscape Conservation Landscapes Statement

Appendix A: Bibliography 57 APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY

Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable) Notes on Pulhamite Notes on Pulhamite Survey by Michael Wingate for Swann and Associates. Wingate, M. 1999 Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM Box File 1 Survey Report dated 29thFeb. 1999. Working papers of R. White, R. nd, c. 1980s Working papers of R. White Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM. Box File 1 White Images Engraving of the south Engraving by W Angus after E Dayes: ‘The Seat of Walter Stirling Esq’ 1797 GPM: Plan Chest GPM: Green Box Angus, W. 1797 Gunnersbury Park Museum front South front GPM: FC3

North front of the large From Car magazine, National Car Magazine 1902 Photograph of the north front of the Large Mansion Mansion Motor Museum

23 Country Life photographs of the gardens taken for the CL article in National Monument Record, Country Life 1900 Country Life Photographs GPM: 85.103/28‐34 and 59‐60 November 1900 Swindon Dayes, E. (engraved by John Webb's House in 1797 Engraving of John Webb's house included in Lysons' Environs of London London Metropolitan Archives William Angus) Lyons Environs of London Series of early colour glass plates of Gunnersbury gardens taken by Lionel de Copies at GPM: 85.103/43‐58 and de Rothschild, L. c1910‐12 Early colour glass plates Mr Edmund de Rothschild Rothschild (1882‐1942) in Collett‐White, 1993. Opening of the Gunnersbury Park opened to the public by Neville Chamberlain on 21 May GPM 1926 Gunnersbury Park 1926. A cine film of the opening and invitations etc are in the Gunnersbury Gunnersbury Park Museum Museum Museum. Engraving of north front of Engraving of north front of Webb house with scalloped forecourt walls. B Green, B. nd c.1761 Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Green Box T610/0‐1 & 60.68 Webb house Green after S Wale. Green, G. 1947 G. Green 33/NBR 9/9/1947 Boathouse. National Monument Record NMR BB 47/1362 Green, G. 1947 G. Green 332 NBR 9/9/947 Orangery. National Monument Record NMR BB 47/1363 Green, G. 1947 G. Green 333 NBR 9/9/1947 Coachouse. National Monument Record NMR BB 47/1364 Green, G. 1947 G. Green NBR 9/9/1947 ‘view from gate to mansion’. National Monument Record NMR BB 47/1365 Green, G. 1947 G. Green 335 NBR 9/9/2947 Temple very similar to today. National Monument Record NMR BB 47/1366 Green, G. 1947 G. Green 336 NBR 9/9/1947 Princess Amelia’s Bath House. National Monument Record NMR BB 47/1367 c. 18th Oldfield, H.G. watercolour Watercolour of house by H. G. Oldfield Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM 87.160/2. century Oldfield, H.G. nd (C18) Watercolour Watercolour by HG Oldfield of the Webb House Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Green Box 87.160/2 Painting of Lionel de Painting of Lionel de Rothschild by M Oppenheim in 1835. Shows a garden in Oppenheim, M 1835 National Portrait Gallery National Portrait Gallery C‐W Rothschild the background, with pavilion, pond and fountain ‐ ? Gunnersbury Painting of Lionel de Oppenheim, M. nd Lionel de Rothschild by Mr. Oppenheim. National Trust Reproduced in C‐W Rothschild Five watercolours by William Payne, 1792, commissioned by Walter Stirling. GPM Green Box GPM: FC3 1760 & Payne, W. 1792 watercolours They show the house from the S; the house from SSE; a view of the Temple Gunnersbury Park Museum 2007‐2011 and lake; looking E from the S front; and the house from the N with stables One of a series of five watercolours commissioned by Sir Walter Stirling They show the house from the S; the house from SSE; a view of the Temple and GPM Green Box Painting of Gunnersbury Payne, W. 1792 lake; Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: FC3 1760 & House looking E from the S front; and the house 2007‐2011 from the N with stables

58 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY

Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable) Rothschild Archive, New 1870‐90 Photographs interiors & exteriors Rothschild Archive, New Court 000/924/8/1 Court Rothschild Archive, New Late C19/early Photographs Large mounted photos, loose, several of garden. Rothschild Archive, New Court 000/924/9/1 Court C20 Rothschild Archive, New Large album including photos by Julia Margaret Cameron (not of Late C19 Photographs Rothschild Archive, New Court 000/924/21 Court Gunnersbury) Small Mansion One of a series of early colour glass plates of Mr Edmund de Rothschild Archive Rothschild, Lionel de c.1912 photographed from Gunnersbury gardens taken by Lionel de Rothschild GPM: (Gunnersbury Park Museum) Horseshoe Pond Rothschild (1882‐1942) 85.103/43‐58 A. F. Rushing 17/9/1953 view across lake to Gunnersbury Park House. Lake Postcard showing view Rushing, A.F. 1953 drained. Postcard received 23/3/1953 similar view to above. Another H6636 with lake drained showing Gunnersbury House. Postcard Gunnersbury Schearboom 1957 Schearboom. Postcard received 7/3/1957. Gunnersbury Park House. J 7505 J Park House 1957 Undated photo of the old Unknown nd Undated photograph of ‘The old pond’ MP 04/223. pond Unknown nd Drawing ‘In the gardens at Gunnersbury’ (drawing of an alcove). Chiswick Library ME 942.114/728.3G. Undated photo of Undated photograph of Horseshoe Pond within bamboo and pampas grass at Unknown nd ME 8209. 728.3 Horseshoe pond edge. Four views of Gunnersbury: Gunnersbury House; The Chapel in the Gardens; Pavilion in the Gardens (a Gothic spire); and Pavilion in the Gardens (an alcove seat). The location fro the above is seen on the southern edge of the Unknown C18 Four views of Gunnersbury park in the 1777 and 1847 plans. The gothic spire can be seen in the SW Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: FC3 82.33/1a‐4a corner of the park on the 1777 plan. The Chapel was built for Princess Amelia and these two garden buildings are also likely to have been built for her by John Oldfield (see Princess Amelia’s Will 1786). Copies of eighteenth century watercolours including 1a. House; 1b. Chapel; Sketch of lost garden 1c. Pavilion in the Unknown Early C19th Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM 82.33. pavilion gardens ‐ Gothic spire; 1d. Pavilion in the gardens ‐ alcove seat. Watercolour of Watercolour showing Gunnersbury Park House from the south during National Trust Waddesdon Manor; Unknown Late 1830s Gunnersbury Pakr House Hannah de Rothschild’s ownership. Sows the terrace and the trees, path and National Trust C‐W (illustration) in the snow shrubberies around. Photographs of plants and Various photographs of plants and trees in the gardens at Gunnersbury, Unknown 1873‐1905 Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: 85.103/36‐41 trees extracted from gardening magazines CC 56/25 CC 56/26 CC 56/27 CC Unknown 1890‐1902 Undated Photographs National Monument Record 56/28 CC 56/29 CC 56/30 Unknown Early C20th The West Terrace Arch Postcard photograph looking east through the West Terrace Archway Gunnersbury Park Museum Bridge over Horseshoe c.1920s Unknown Pond Photograph of the bridge over Horseshoe Pond Gunnersbury Park Museum late Unknown Temple across the Round Pond. May be quite late 1940s/50s? National Monument Record CC 73/2497 CPS 1083 1940s/50s?

Appendix A: Bibliography 59 APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY

Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable) late Photograph showing Four photographs of dairy (now demolished) and one of north from the 74/5593‐5597 or MHLG Unknown 1950s/early demolished dairy house showing newly‐planted lime and Edwardian lamp standards. 30/10/1958 1960s Engraving of Gunnersbury Engraving of Gunnersbury Park by Walker after Evans. The Seat of Princess Walker 1787/1796 Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Green Box 59.207.5 Park by Walker after Evans Amelia. View from the south.

60 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY

Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable) Other Material Including Archival Unknown 1380 Regrant of Manor of Gunnersbury (Gouyldesbury) by Richard II in 1380 British Library BL Add Ms 38810

C Hoare & Co. 1723‐57 Bank account Bank Account of Henry Furness – C Hoare & Co. Hoare & Co. Archive ledge begins: 25/121, ends: 58/27 Act for the Sale of the Act for the Sale of the Capital Messuage of Gunnersbury – no details on Unknown 1736‐1737 Capital Messuage of Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 (Copy) landscape Gunnersbury The Royal Bank of Scotland Unknown 1754 Bank account Bank Account of Lancelot Brown – Drumonds DR/427/33, 127, 408, c/f137 Archive Unknown 1761 Elizabeth Pearce sold Gunnersbury to Princess Amelia, daughter of George II Greater London Record Office GLRO DRO 37/B2/4 & Acc 1281/2 Act for the Sale of the Act of parliament to allow the dissolution of the trust set up by Sir John Capital Messuage of Maynard for his 4th wife Mary and permit her successors to sell the estate Unknown c.1761 Gunnersbury, Late Estate Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM:Box File 1 after her death in 1721. The principal reason given for seeking the final Act of of Sir John Maynard Parliament was the cost of repairs to the run down and neglected estate. Knight Deed of 1763, Unknown 1763 The Abstract of Title of Executors of Will – ref: Deed of 1763, Gunnersbury Gunnersbury Park Museum (transcript), GM: Box File 1 Gunnersbury ‘Report of Estate of H ‘Report of Estate of H Furness and his sister Elizabeth Pierce’, includes Unknown 1765 Furness and his sister references to: a Temple, which contained a plaister statue of a dancing faun; Ealing Library GPM Box File 1 (Ealing Library) Elizabeth Pierce’, orange trees; orange tubs; goldfish; and a swan. Unknown 1767‐68 Highway Trustees Bank Highway Trustees Bank London Metropolitan Archives LMA F73

References in Lady Mary Coke’s letters to visits to Gunnersbury. She mentions the new chapel in 1767 but not completed until 1768; a roller, with Lady Mary Coke Letters Unknown 1767‐68 seats, that Princess Amelia had had made up, to carry her friends who could and Journals 1889 – 1896 or would not walk about the gardens; drinking tea in the ‘building by the Water; the Terrace; three kitchen gardens; and to Princess Amelia’s farm. The Highways Trustees Book for 1767 to 1788 refers to 482 loads of gravel Unknown 1768 Highway Trustees Book Greater London Record Office GLRO F73 carried by Princess Amelia’s team in 1768. London Metropolitan ArchivesAcc Unknown 1784 Lease to Princess Amelia Lease by William Vatchells and Charles Townsend to Princess Amelia London Metropolitan Archives 26/12 Sale Catalogue for lands at Unknown 1785 Sale Catalogue for lands at Gunnersbury which Princess Amelia purchased. Ealing Library Gunnersbury Deposition from the gardener concerning lead stolen from the pillars of the GPM: Box File 1 (Roger White’s Unknown 1786 Notes ‐ lead theft Gunnersbury Park Museum gothic temple in the pleasure grounds within the notes) Unknown 1786 Release and reassignments Release and reassignments of Gunnersbury Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Plan Chest 627/1‐3 A note in Lord Pelham’s (the executor’s) papers, states that the estate was put up to auction on May 7 1787 and was bought in at £16,500 and the sale Unknown 1787 British Library BL Add Ms 33135 ff69 and 77 of furniture stopped. Another note of February 1788 shows that Gunnersbury had still not been sold

Appendix A: Bibliography 61 APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY

Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable)

Sale Particulars of the Gunnersbury estate following the death of Princes Sale Particulars of the Amelia, refers to the Chapel; Forecourts; Gardens; Terrace Walk; Lawns and 7283.GUN MP7851 Sales Gunnersbury estate Pleasure Grounds; Green House; Pinery; Hot House; Ice House; Shrubbery Unknown 1787 Chiswick Library Particulars 7/5/1787 GPM: Box File following the death of Walk; Paddock surrounded by a very agreeable walk, with pavilions and 1 (Copy) Princes Amelia summer houses properly placed: Dairy, judiciously placed n the Garden; two lodges; and Temple at the East End, fronting the lane leading to Kew.

Papers relating to Princess Amelia. Includes her Will (ff8‐33) and various Particulars, descriptions and valuations of her estate, including Gunnersbury house and park. The Will includes £200 for John Oldfield Princess Amelia’s surveyor, who was ‘responsible for all buildings erected during her BL ADD Ms 33135 ff8‐33, 48‐49, 50‐ Unknown 1786‐1788 ownership’. Lord Pelham’s papers refer to the Circular Water, Ornamental British Library 51, 52‐53, 54, 69 and 77 Buildings, Dairy, Shrubberies around the Paddock, Orange Grove, Horse Shoe Pond. Pleasure Ground with ‘shrubs in full perfection’, meadowland, and kitchen garden with Pineries. The property was surrounded by a substantial brick wall. Correspondence relating to Princess Amelia’s last illness, her death, and the Unknown 1786‐1791 British Library BL Add Ms 33134 disposal of her estate. Crawford sold 83 acres of Gunnersbury Park to John Morley, a floor cloth Notes ‐ sale to John Unknown 1799 manufacturer. He demolished the house and divided the estate into 13 lots – Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 (Notes) Morley Indentures of Lease and Release February 1802 Unknown C18th Bank account details of Henry Furnese Hoare & Co. Archives Unknown c.1800 Plan c. 1800 Plan c.1800 with plots 3 and 4 marked up Ealing Library GPM: Plan Chest 85.98/3 Engraving of Gunnersbury Unknown Late C18th Engraving of Gunnersbury Park (similar to Dayes) Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Plan Chest 83.37 Park White, R. (transcribed by) Late C18th Letters of Lady Mary Coke Letter of Lady Mary Coke transcribed by R White Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM:Box File 1

The original documents is in the private collection of Memoranda relating to Gunnersbury Estate – 168 page notebook written by Copland, A. early C19 the Copland‐Griffiths. Alexander Copland titled Chronological Memoranda (entries specifically Transcription by V Bott & V Foster. Papers Relating to Princess relating to Gunnersbury are on pps 70‐77) Amelia. Indenture including a plan of the garden. GPM: Plan Chest 13‐14 January Indenture of lease and Shows the ‘Dairy House’ (Temple) by the 85.98/1 (Plan) GPM: Unknown Gunnersbury Park Museum 1801 release Round Pond and the division of land into Box File 1 13 plots (transcript) Certificate of Redemption Certificate of Redemption of Land Tax: 55 acres in the occupation John Unknown 1801 Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 of Land Tax Morley and 29 acres in the occupation of James Steward Indenture including a plan Indenture including a plan of the garden. Shows the ‘Dairy House’ (Temple) GPM: Plan Chest 85.98/1 (Plan) Unknown 1801 Gunnersbury Park Museum of the garden by the Round Pond and the division of land into 13 plots GPM: Box File 1 (transcript) The Royal Bank of Scotland begins; DR/427/172 ends: Unknown 1802‐1835 Bank account Bank Account (private) of Alexander Copland – Drummond’s Archive DR/427/288

62 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY

Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable) Regarding the acquisition of the water supply and horseshoe pond; DP119 (R) (Ealing Legal Dept Ealing Council Legal Dept 1807 Agreement with sketch agreement with sketch between the son of the builder of the Small Mansion Ealing Council Legal Dept records) Copies with Val Bott and Copland at the Large Mansion Rothschild Archive, New Papers relating to Sale particulars, inc. plan, catalogue of furniture etc including sculpture, 1835 Rothschild Archive, New Court 000/848/34/2 Court purchase in 1835 letter confirming acceptance of offer of £17k from Rothschild Report ‐ improving the Report relating to scheme by JC Loudon for improving the approach to Unknown 1835 Rothschild Archive, New Court GPM: Box File 1 (Rothschild Scrap.) approach Gunnersbury House. Copland died – The Abstract of Title of Executors of Will refers to a deed of GPM: Box File 1 (transcript) Transcript ‐ death of 1763 for Gunnersbury House, including the Great Court Yard, Orangery, Unknown 1835 Gunnersbury Park Museum Chiswick: 728.3.GUN Sales Copeland Orchard, Terrace, Lawns and Gardens (15 acres) plus 35 acres of freehold particulars 30/6/1835 land, laid out as ‘paddock or park’. Conveyance of Gunnersbury House and freehold land in the park from Conveyance of members of the Drummond family and Trustees of A Copland (incl. Edward GPM: Plan Chest 85.98/5 (plan) Unknown 1835 Gunnerbury House and Smirke) to Nathan M Rothschild. Includes a plan which shows the Bishop of Ealing Library GPM: Box File 1 (transcript) (Ealing freehold land 1835 London’s leasehold lands, Thomas Farmer’s lands at Gunnersbury House (no Library) detail) and Gunnersbury Park lands (good detail – paths, trees, buildings etc). Nathan’s widow, Hannah, and their son, Lionel, took up residence at Rothschild GPM: FC3 81.17/9‐10, Unknown 1836 Gunnersbury again calling in Sydney Smirke to carry out alterations and to Gunnersbury Park Museum 13 and 18 build the stables and Later Horseshoe Pond DP119 (R) (Ealing Legal Dept Ealing Council Legal Dept 1838 Ealing Council Legal Dept notes Regarding the acquisition of the water supply and horseshoe pond; the sa records) Copies with Val Bott Sale Catalogue of Ealing Sale Catalogue of Ealing 1843. This was for Heathfiled Lodge which was Ealing Library PRO MAF 20/2/22 Unknown 1843 1843. purchased with East Lodge by Baron Lionel de Rothschild. (Acton Manor) Sale Particulars for Unknown 1845 Sale Particulars for Gunnersbury Lodge Gunnersbury Park Museum GMP: Plan Chest 85.98/10 (Ealing) Gunnersbury Lodge Unknown 1867 Will of S Farmer Will of Sarah Farmer 13/5/1867 London Metropolitan Archives LMA Acc 1325/21 R. D. 1880 R.D. Gunnersbury Park R. D. ‘Gunnersbury Park’ pp. 145, 147. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 1 Scrap book of articles, plans (inc. 1877/1822 map of Ealing, Kretschmar, Rothschild Archive, New C19 Gunnersbury Guard book 1847), drawings, engravings, elevations (including by Pulham & Smirke), Rothschild Archive, New Court 000/200 Court reports (including by Loudon on approach to house). Correspondence and Royal Botanic Gardens, Late C19/early records of plants in S Rutherford obtained scans September 2014 from Kew. Kew C20 Inbooks & Outbooks Rothschild Archive, New early C20 Assorted papers historical souvenir of GP 1920s Rothschild Archive, New Court 000/924/20/7 Court Unknown 1917 List of properties 1917 List of properties held by the Rothschild’s on Leopold’s death. Ealing Library GPM: Plan Chest 85.98/16a (Ealing) Unknown 1958 E. Boykin,Victoria, Albert and Mrs Stevenson(1958). Gunnersbury Park Museum GMP plan chest 86.103.1 Lease of Lands by A. Lease of lands by A. Copland from the Bishop of London 1819‐1827 – outlying GPM: Box File 1 (notes from deeds Unknown 1819‐1827 Gunnersbury Park Museum Copeland portions of the park. The four deeds dated 13 July 1827 have plans. at Ealing Library)

Appendix A: Bibliography 63 APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY

Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable) Rothschild Archive, New 1893‐99 Notebook Gardener's notebook of glasshouse work. Thomas Hobbs, gardener. Rothschild Archive, New Court 000/296 Court Rothschild Archive, New Mid to Late Rothschild GPM: Plan Chest 85.102/35‐36 Rothschild correspondence incl. Notes on payments to Smirke. Gunnersbury Park Museum Court C19 correspondence (Rothschild) Lists of plants for Leopold Several lists of plants supplied to Gunnersbury for Leopold Rothschild, incl, GPM: Plan Chest 85.102 (Ealing Unknown 1900‐1910s Gunnersbury Park Museum Rothschild stonework for vases and Rothschild) Rothschild Archive, New Balance sheets and 1919‐24 Rothschild Archive, New Court 000/924/22/2 Court accounts Rothschild Archive, New 1919‐28 Correspondence Relating to the sale of Gunnersbury Park by Rothschilds Rothschild Archive, New Court 000/288 Court Transcript of conveyance Gunnersbury Park put up for sale. Sold to Ealing and Chiswick Boroughs, GPM: Box File 1 (Transcript of Unknown 1920s to Ealing and Chiswick helped by Middlesex CC, including the houses with 86 acres of parkland and Gunnersbury Park Museum Conveyance) 85.104/24‐34 Boroughs 13 acres for housing. Papers relating to Gunnersbury as a public Papers relating to Gunnersbury as a public park – original documents – Unknown 1920s‐50s Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 7 park – original documents agreements etc – agreements etc Unknown 1940s NMR CPS 1084 Probably late, possibly 1940s. National Monument Record CC 73/2498 Original documents Unknown 1960s on relating to Gunnersbury Original documents relating to Gunnersbury Park and Museum Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Box File 8 Park and Museum

Correspondence concerning last illness of Princess Amelia, death and Unknown nd British Library Add MS 33134 dispersal of her estate by Lord Pelham and the Earl of Bessborough. Unknown nd Princess Amelia’s will, inventories and particulars of her estate. British Library Add Ms 33135 ‘In the gardens at Gunnersbury’ (Drawing of a rotunda) from Greenwich Unknown nd Chiswick Library ME 942.114/278.3 Library Rothschild and Unknown nd Gunnersbury Park deeds Rothschild and Gunnersbury Park deeds and other papers. Ealing Town Hall DP 119. and other papers.

Notes of Gunnersbury Unknown nd Notes of Gunnersbury Park compiled 1940s‐50s Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM Box File 1 Park compiled 1940s‐50s Unknown nd proposed conservatory Proposed conservatory (FC3). Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM81.17/13 Unknown nd Watercolours Copies of eighteenth century watercolours. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM82.33. Lists of plants for Leopold Unknown nd Several lists of plants supplied to Gunnersbury for Leopold de Rothschild. Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM85.12. (Ealing and Rothschild) Rothschild 1927 Notes on Unknown nd Some Historical Notes on Gunnersbury Park written c.1927 Gunnersbury Park Museum Gunnersbury Park Museum Gunnersbury Notes from the Rothschild Gunnersbury Park Museum (Plan Unknown nd Notes from the Rothschild Archives Gunnersbury Park Museum Archives Chest: 85.102/102 and 37) Unknown nd Red Box on open shelves at NMR London. Negatives at NMR Swindon. National Monument Record NMR

64 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY

Author (if relevant) Date Title Description Repository (if known) Archive Ref. (if applicable)

Reference in AA and Beresford, but Unknown nd William Fuller Pocock employed to build Gothic Ruins. London Metropolitan Archives not traced at LMA PR240/13. The Gunnersbury Album, which includes many of the original maps and Rothschild Archives, New Court Unknown nd The Gunnersbury Album Gunnersbury Park Museum paintings (copies at GPM) ‘Catalogue of Orchids Grown at Gunnersbury ‘Catalogue of Orchids Grown at Gunnersbury Park’ by Baroness de Rothschild Unknown nd Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM: Plan Chest 60.6 Park’ by Baroness de (d1884) Rothschild (d1884) Websites National Heritage List: http://www.english‐ September Listed Building Register heritage.org.uk/professional/protection/process/national‐heritage‐list‐for‐ 2013 entries england/ August 2013 British History Online British History Online: http://www.british‐history.ac.uk/ September COLLAGE: 2013 http://collage.cityoflondon.gov.uk/collage/app?service=page/Search August 2013 Maps Promap: http://www.promap.co.uk/ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: August 2013 Biographies http://www.oxforddnb.com/public/index.html December Historic Environment Greater London Historic Environment Record: www.heritagegateway.org.uk 2013 Record Guidance Documentation and Planning Policy The Development Strategy 2026 (also known as the Core Strategy DPD) sets Adopted Development (or out a vision for the future development of the borough and covers a 15‐year Available for download from the Ealing Borough Council 2012 Core) Strategy plan period up to 2026. It covers both new development and the protection Ealing Council website of heritatge and green space. Conservation Principles' sets out a method for thinking systematically and consistently about the heritage values that can be ascribed to a place. The guidance contained in the document also includes a recommended approach Conservation Principles, Available for download from the English Heritage 2008 to assessing significance, advice on how to apply the principles and policies in Policies and Guidance English Heritage website practice and detailed interpretation of policies on repair, on intervention for research, on restoration, on new work and alteration and on enabling development. Listed Building Register English Heritage nd Entries from Register of Historic Buildings Gunnersbury Park Museum GPM Box File 1 entries Sites and Monuments English Heritage nd Sites and Monuments Record print out for Gunnersbury* SMR, English Heritage Record

The Unitary Development Plan (UDP) is part of the development plan for the borough. London Borough of Available for download from the London Borough of The UDP contains a wide range of policies on housing, the environment, 2003 Hounslow Unitary London Borough of Hounslow's Hounslow Council transport, leisure, retail and community uses. Along with other development Development Plan website plan documents and council strategies, the UDP aims to improve and create a better borough for those who live, work and visit.

Appendix A: Bibliography 65 APPENDIX B: VIEWS IMPACT ASSESSMENT

G U N N E R S B U R Y P A R K V I S U A L I M P A C T A S S E S S M E N T

66 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 APPENDIX B: VIEWS IMPACT ASSESSMENT

English Heritage and Historic England have been integral to the team involved in the Boroughs’ application for NOTE Heritage Lottery Funding and most recently with the specific conservation works currently being undertaken so were already very familiar with the park buildings and wider landscape.

Consultation with Historic England in respect of these proposals established the need to protect ‘heritage views’ seen from the main buildings in the park and notably from the south terraces of the Small and Large Mansions

which enjoy far reaching views across the park to the south, southwest and west. january morning january midday january afternoon august morning august midday august afternoon 1 : 2000 1 : 2000 1 : 2000 1 : 2000 1 : 2000 1 : 2000

The initial objective established by Historic England was to ensure that any new sports hub building and associated outdoor or floodlit facilities be outside of the heritage views.

To consider the impact of our proposals we created a number of views within the park to assist us. These initial and rudimentary computer generated images helped us to refine our proposals in terms of height, mass and scale and subsequently in selecting the external facing materials. february morning february midday february afternoon september morning september midday september afternoon 1 : 2000 1 : 2000 1 : 2000 1 : 2000 1 : 2000 1 : 2000 We used these views when consulting with Historic England and the planning and conservation department at Hounslow Council.

Of the following park views No.’s 1 - 4 (incl.) represent the views we have previously consulted with English Heritage and Historic England. These views have been developed by inclusion and incorporation of the relvant site photopraphs. march morning march midday march afternoon october morning october midday october afternoon 1 : 2000 1 : 2000 1 : 2000 1 : 2000 1 : 2000 1 : 2000 The remaining views (No.’s 5-11 incl.) have been prepared to consider the impact of the of the development on views within the playing fields

april morning april midday april afternoon november morning november midday november afternoon 1 : 2000 1 : 2000 1 : 2000 1 : 2000 1 : 2000 1 : 2000

may morning may midday may afternoon december morning december midday december afternoon 1 : 2000 1 : 2000 1 : 2000 1 : 2000 1 : 2000 1 : 2000 . Revision Date Description By/Ch

CLIENT EALING COUNCIL

june morning june midday june afternoon LONDON MANCHESTER BIRMINGHAM GLASGOW 1 : 2000 1 : 2000 1 : 2000

AFLS+P ARCHITECTS T +44 (0) 20 7831 8877 THE CORNERHOUSE 91-93 FARRINGDON ROAD F +44 (0) 20 3116 6890 LONDON E [email protected] EC1M 3LN W www.aflsp.com

STATUS PRELIMINARY

PROJECT GUNNERSBURY PARK

DRAWING SUN STUDY

SCALE 1 : 2000SHEET SIZE A1 DRAWN BY VG CHECKED BY AC DATE 23/01/15 PROJECT NO. DRAWING NO. REVISION 3399 (03)010

This drawing must not be reproduced in whole or part without written consent. Do not scale this drawing. All dimensions in millimetres. july morning july midday july afternoon Written dimensions to be checked on site. Electronic issue to be confirmed by paper copy only. c 2013 AFLSP Limited. All Rights Reserved. 1 : 2000 1 : 2000 1 : 2000 Sun path study illustrates the building has minimal impact on the bowls green during the playing season

A F L S + P A R C H I T E C T S / E A L I N G B O R O U G H C O U N C I L & H O U N S L O W B O R O U G H C O U N C I L / G U N N E R S B U R Y P A R K / V I S U A L I M P A C T A S S E S S M E N T

Appendix B: Views Impact Assessment 67 APPENDIX B: VIEWS IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Proposed view with pavilion (view 1)

Existing view looking north with playing fields and children’s playground Proposed view with pavilion and full building outline added

A F L S + P A R C H I T E C T S / E A L I N G B O R O U G H C O U N C I L & H O U N S L O W B O R O U G H C O U N C I L / G U N N E R S B U R Y P A R K / V IS U A L I M P A C T A S S E S S M E N T

68 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 APPENDIX B: VIEWS IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Proposed view with pavilion (view 2)

Existing view looking west from Orangery looking across golf course Proposed view with pavilion and full building outline added

A F L S + P A R C H I T E C T S / E A L I N G B O R O U G H C O U N C I L & H O U N S L O W B O R O U G H C O U N C I L / G U N N E R S B U R Y P A R K / V I S U A L I M P A C T A S S E S S M E N T

Appendix B: Views Impact Assessment 69 APPENDIX B: VIEWS IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Proposed view with pavilion (view 3)

Existing view looking southwest from cafe looking towards boating lake Proposed view with pavilion and full building outline added

A F L S + P A R C H I T E C T S / E A L I N G B O R O U G H C O U N C I L & H O U N S L O W B O R O U G H C O U N C I L / G U N N E R S B U R Y P A R K / V IS U A L I M P A C T A S S E S S M E N T

70 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 APPENDIX B: VIEWS IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Proposed view with pavilion (view 4)

Existing view looking south along footpath with car park and depot site Proposed view with pavilion and full building outline added

A F L S + P A R C H I T E C T S / E A L I N G B O R O U G H C O U N C I L & H O U N S L O W B O R O U G H C O U N C I L / G U N N E R S B U R Y P A R K / V I S U A L I M P A C T A S S E S S M E N T

Appendix B: Views Impact Assessment 71 APPENDIX B: VIEWS IMPACT ASSESSMENT

tennis courts car park bowls green pavilion

Eye level view looking south east towards the car park abd bowls green with the pavilion and cricket pitch in the distance (view 5)

1 (08)003

A 222370 m2

A F L S + P A R C H I T E C T S / E A L I N G B O R O U G H C O U N C I L & H O U N S L O W B O R O U G H C O U N C I L / G U N N E R S B U R Y P A R K / V IS U A L I M P A C T A S S E S S M E N T

72 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 APPENDIX B: VIEWS IMPACT ASSESSMENT

car park pavilion AGP pitches

Aerial view over the tennis courts in the foreground looking south towards the pavilion and AGP’s in the dstance (view 6)

1 (08)003

A 222370 m2

A F L S + P A R C H I T E C T S / E A L I N G B O R O U G H C O U N C I L & H O U N S L O W B O R O U G H C O U N C I L / G U N N E R S B U R Y P A R K / V I S U A L I M P A C T A S S E S S M E N T

Appendix B: Views Impact Assessment 73 APPENDIX B: VIEWS IMPACT ASSESSMENT

AGP pitches pavilion proposed car park

Eye level view looking north from the children’s playground towards the pavilion with the proposed AGP to the west and car park with bin and cycle store to the east (view 7)

1 (08)003

A 222370 m2

A F L S + P A R C H I T E C T S / E A L I N G B O R O U G H C O U N C I L & H O U N S L O W B O R O U G H C O U N C I L / G U N N E R S B U R Y P A R K / V IS U A L I M P A C T A S S E S S M E N T

74 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 APPENDIX B: VIEWS IMPACT ASSESSMENT

tennis courts pavilion AGP pitches

Eye level view looking east towards the pavilion tennis courts and AGP’s from the playing fields boundary with the rear of residential properties along Lionel Road North (view 8)

1 (08)003

A 222370 m2

A F L S + P A R C H I T E C T S / E A L I N G B O R O U G H C O U N C I L & H O U N S L O W B O R O U G H C O U N C I L / G U N N E R S B U R Y P A R K / V I S U A L I M P A C T A S S E S S M E N T

Appendix B: Views Impact Assessment 75 APPENDIX B: VIEWS IMPACT ASSESSMENT

tennis courts pavilion AGP pitches

Eye level view of the pavilion, tennis courts and AGP’s from the playing fields looking southeast (view 9)

1 (08)003

A 222370 m2

A F L S + P A R C H I T E C T S / E A L I N G B O R O U G H C O U N C I L & H O U N S L O W B O R O U G H C O U N C I L / G U N N E R S B U R Y P A R K / V IS U A L I M P A C T A S S E S S M E N T

76 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 APPENDIX B: VIEWS IMPACT ASSESSMENT

tennis courts pavilion proposed car park

Eye level view looking northeast across the playing fields towards the pavilion and children’s playground (view 10)

1 (08)003

222370 m2

A F L S + P A R C H I T E C T S / E A L I N G B O R O U G H C O U N C I L & H O U N S L O W B O R O U G H C O U N C I L / G U N N E R S B U R Y P A R K / V I S U A L I M P A C T A S S E S S M E N T

Appendix B: Views Impact Assessment 77 APPENDIX B: VIEWS IMPACT ASSESSMENT

tennis courts bowls green pavilion

Eye level view looking east towards the pavilion from the playing fields with the tennis courts, car park and bowls green to the north and children’s playground to the south (view 11)

1 (08)003(08)0)0003

AREA 222370 m2

A F L S + P A R C H I T E C T S / E A L I N G B O R O U G H C O U N C I L & H O U N S L O W B O R O U G H C O U N C I L / G U N N E R S B U R Y P A R K / V IS U A L I M P A C T A S S E S S M E N T

78 Proposed Café and Carriage Display, Gunnersbury Park, Heritage Impact Assessment, January 2015 [THIS PAGE HAS BEEN LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK] LEISURE CENTRE, GUNNERSBURY PARK, HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT, OCTOBER 2015