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Literature and Architecture in Early Modern England Myers, Anne M Literature and Architecture in Early Modern England Myers, Anne M. Published by Johns Hopkins University Press Myers, Anne M. Literature and Architecture in Early Modern England. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012. Project MUSE. doi:10.1353/book.20565. https://muse.jhu.edu/. For additional information about this book https://muse.jhu.edu/book/20565 [ Access provided at 26 Sep 2021 14:14 GMT with no institutional affiliation ] This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Literature and Architecture in Early Modern England This page intentionally left blank Literature and Architecture in Early Modern England anne m. myers The Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore © 2013 The Johns Hopkins University Press All rights reserved. Published 2013 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 2 4 6 8 9 7 5 3 1 The Johns Hopkins University Press 2715 North Charles Street Baltimore, Maryland 21218-4363 www.press.jhu.edu Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Myers, Anne M. Literature and architecture in early modern England / Anne M. Myers. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4214-0722-7 (hdbk. : acid-free paper) — ISBN 978-1-4214-0800-2 (electronic) — ISBN 1-4214-0722-1 (hdbk. : acid-free paper) — ISBN 1-4214-0800-7 (electronic) 1. English literature—Early modern, 1500–1700—History and criticism. 2. Architecture and literature—History—16th century. 3. Architecture and literature—History—17th century. I. Title. PR408.A66M94 2013 820.9'357—dc23 2012012207 A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. The illustrations in Chapter 6 are reproduced by permission of the Huntington Library, San Marino, California, from Parallel of the Antient Architecture with the Modern, by Roland Fréart, translated by John Evelyn (London, 1664, pp. 17, 34, 43, 93, 45, and 47, resp.). All photographs are by the author. Special discounts are available for bulk purchases of this book. For more information, please contact Special Sales at 410-516-6936 or [email protected]. The Johns Hopkins University Press uses environmentally friendly book materials, including recycled text paper that is composed of at least 30 percent post-consumer waste, whenever possible. Contents List of Illustrations vii Acknowledgments ix Introduction: Building Stories: Writing about Architecture in Post-Reformation England 1 1 Loss and Foundations: Camden’s Britannia and the Histories of English Architecture 23 2 Aristocrats and Architects: Henry Wotton and the Country House Poem 50 3 Strange Anthologies: The Alchemist in the London of John Stow 77 4 Restoring “The Church-porch”: George Herbert’s Architectural History 105 5 Construction Sites: The Architecture of Anne Cliff ord’s Diaries 132 6 Recollections: John Evelyn and the Histories of Restoration Architecture 160 Coda: St. Helen’s Bishopsgate: Antiquarianism and Aesthetics in Modern London 191 Notes 205 Bibliography 229 Index 245 This page intentionally left blank Illustrations Two-story porch at St. Nicholas, King’s Lynn, Norfolk 112 Three-story porch at St. John the Baptist, Cirencester, Gloucestershire 113 North porch at St. Mary Redcliff e, Bristol, Gloucestershire 114 Porch at St. Peter and St. Paul, Eye, Suff olk 129 Dole table in porch of St. Peter and St. Paul, Eye, Suff olk 129 Inscription on porch of Mallerstang Chapel, Cumbria 139 Motto on gatehouse of Skipton Castle, Yorkshire 140 Inscription on Anne Cliff ord’s tomb, St. Lawrence Church, Appleby, Cumbria 145 Plaque above gatehouse of Brougham Castle, Cumbria 148 Illustration of Doric order from Roland Fréart’s Parallel of the Antient Architecture with the Modern, tr. John Evelyn (London, 1664) 166 Illustration of Doric order on Sepulcher near Terracina, from Fréart’s Parallel of the Antient Architecture with the Modern, tr. Evelyn (London, 1664) 167 Illustration of Ionic order, Baths of Diocletian, from Fréart’s Parallel of the Antient Architecture with the Modern, tr. Evelyn (London, 1664) 181 Illustration of Trajan’s Column, from Fréart’s Parallel of the Antient Architecture with the Modern, tr. Evelyn (London, 1664) 182 Palladio and Scamozzi on the Ionic order, from Fréart’s Parallel of the Antient Architecture with the Modern, tr. Evelyn (London, 1664) 184 Serlio and Vignola on the Ionic order, from Fréart’s Parallel of the Antient Architecture with the Modern, tr. Evelyn (London, 1664) 185 Redesigned interior of St. Helen’s Bishopsgate, London, looking east 193 Redesigned interior of St. Helen’s Bishopsgate, looking west 194 Redesigned interior of St. Helen’s Bishopsgate, northeast corner of nave 195 Redesigned interior of St. Helen’s Bishopsgate, from the south transept 196 This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgments I could not have completed this book alone, and I am glad to have this oppor- tunity to acknowledge a few of the many institutions and individuals that have supported the project. First, the book has benefi ted from several sources of fi - nancial assistance. I am grateful to the University of California, Los Angeles, for the dissertation and travel fellowships that enabled its early stages, and to the University of Missouri for the teaching leave and summer research grants that allowed for its completion. I am equally indebted to the Huntington Library for a short-term Francis Bacon fellowship and to the Newberry Library and British Academy for an exchange fellowship. One of the most exhilarating aspects of my interdisciplinary research has been the variety of invaluable collections to which it has led me. I would like to thank the staff of the British Library, the Huntington Library, the Newberry Library, the Guildhall Manuscripts Library, the Folger Shakespeare Library, the Getty Research Institute, and the Cumbria Archive Centre in Kendal for their assistance in locating materials and for access to these incomparable resources. Special thanks, as well, are due to Anne Willoughby, who graciously made spe- cial arrangements for me to see and photograph the church porch and dole table at St. Peter and St. Paul, Eye. Quotations from Anne Cliff ord’s Great Books, ap- pearing in Chapter 5, are reproduced with the kind permission of the Cumbria Archive Centre, while quotations related to the Consistory Court hearings con- cerning St. Helen’s Bishopsgate appearing in the Coda are included by the joint permission of the London Metropolitan Archives and the Registry of the Church of England Diocese of London. Reproductions from Roland Fréart’s Parallel of the Antient Architecture with the Modern appearing in Chapter 6 were supplied by the Huntington Library and are reprinted here by their permission. An earlier and considerably shorter version of Chapter 5 appeared in ELH 73 (2006): 581–600, and a version of Chapter 4 appeared in ELR 40 (2010): 427–457. x acknowledgments I am grateful to the Johns Hopkins University Press and ELR, respectively, for allowing me to include some of this previously published material here. It is with pleasure and deep gratitude that I refl ect on the many colleagues, friends, and mentors who have off ered their encouragement, expertise, and guid- ance and who have all, in their separate ways, made it possible for me to see the book through to its conclusion. I am particularly grateful to A. R. Braunmuller and Devoney Looser for graciously sharing their expertise and insight at every stage of the writing and publishing process. My scholarship and research will al- ways remain indebted to the training and generous attention of my long-time friends and advisors from UCLA, A. R. Braunmuller, Jonathan Post, Robert N. Watson, and Debora Shuger, who taught me both to love research and to do it well. For fruitful, stimulating conversation as well as incisive criticism and feed- back, I am especially grateful to Sean Silver. I will always remember our long talks in the paradisiacal surroundings of the Getty Research Institute and, later, dur- ing summers at the British Library. For her constructive suggestions and unfail- ing encouragement, I thank Melissa Sodeman. Thanks are due to other readers as well, including Patricia Fumerton, Holly Crawford Pickett, Devoney Looser, and the anonymous reviewer for the Johns Hopkins University Press. The fi nal stages of this project benefi ted greatly from the rigorous standards of Frances Dickey and Alexandra Socarides, who managed to balance candid criticism and motivational encouragement in an intensely helpful way. Special mention is due to my department chair at the University of Missouri, Patricia Okker, for taking up my cause with a vigorous and successful campaign to fund our campus’s ac- cess to Early English Books Online. I would also like to acknowledge my research assistant, Ruth Knezevich, who helped me with the tedious tasks of fact and quote checking with effi ciency, meticulousness and good humor. I am grateful to my editor at the Johns Hopkins University Press, Matt McAdam, for his inter- est in my work, for seeing the project through the approval process, and for his patient answers to my numerous queries. This book has also benefi ted from the careful attention and helpful suggestions of copy editor Anne Whitmore. Finally, I must thank my parents, Linda and David Myers, who have never questioned the value of my work and who, in an act of true dedication, helped me to proofread the entire manuscript. I will always be thankful for the many opportunities that have enabled the completion of this book, and my collabora- tion and conversation with fellow scholars and mentors have proven among the project’s greatest pleasures. Literature and Architecture in Early Modern England This page intentionally left blank introduction Building Stories Writing about Architecture in Post-Reformation England In approximately 1536, John Leland began the fi rst of several journeys around various parts of England with the goal of rescuing English history.
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