Schriften Des Historischen Kollegs
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Crusaders and Georgia: a Critical Approach to Georgian Historiography1
David Tinikashvili Ilia State University Ioane Kazaryan Unaffiliated researcher Crusaders and Georgia: A Critical Approach to Georgian Historiography1 Keywords: Georgia, Iberia, Crusades, David the Builder (King of Georgia), Jerusalem, Antioch, Roman Church, Pope I. Introduction In the present article we consider military relations between Latins and Georgians (Iberians) in the period of the Crusades. The research draws on Georgian and non-Georgian medieval sources as well as relevant secondary historical publications and reassesses some of the opinions expressed in the works by Georgian researchers. One of the first mentions of Georgians (Iberians2) in the Medieval Latin sources is a letter of a 12th century Latin clergyman, Ansellus, the Cantor of the Holy Sepulchre, addressed to Gallon the Bishop of Paris [Ansellus 1902: 729-732]. However, the major source of information about the Georgians is Historia Orientalis by Jacques de Vitry, bishop of Acre (†1240) [Jacques de Vitry 2008]. The chronicle was written at the time of the Fifth Crusade. Since then Georgians become widely known to Latin authors, who portrayed them 1 The authors are grateful to Dr Peter Halfter for his helpful comments on the article. 2 In this period “Iberia” and “Georgia” were synonyms [Skylitzae 1973: 339, 74-80; 340]. It should be mentioned that when Emperor Basilius arrived in Georgia, it was not eastern but south-western Georgia, which Skylitzae likewise calls Iberia. Besides, under the reign of David the Builder and King Thamar, Georgia (Saqartvelo) was a single kingdom called by the Latins Iberia in the 12th-13th centuries; e.g. crusader G. De Boys writes: “quodde Hiberia quidam Christiani” (“Christians from Iberia”). -
Veda Publishing House of the Slovak Academy of Sciences Slovak Academy of Sciences
VEDA PUBLISHING HOUSE OF THE SLOVAK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES SLOVAK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INSTITUTE OF LITERARY SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF ORIENTAL STUDIES Editors JOZEF GENZOR VIKTOR KRUPA ASIAN AND AFRICAN STUDIES SLOVAK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES BRATISLAVA INSTITUTE OF LITERARY SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF ORIENTAL STUDIES XXIV 1988 1989 VEDA, PUBLISHING HOUSE OF THE SLOVAK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES • BRATISLAVA CURZON PRESS • LONDON PUBLISHED OUTSIDE THE SOCIALIST COUNTRIES SOLELY BY CURZON PRESS LTD • LONDON ISBN 0 7007 0220 2 ISSN 0571 2742 © VEDA, VYDAVATEĽSTVO SLOVENSKEJ AKADÉMIE VIED, 1989 ISBN 80-224-0196-X (Series) ISBN 80-224-0065-3 (Vol. 24) CONTENTS A r tic le s K řupa, Viktor: Remarks on Creativity in Language ............................................................... 11 Rácová, Anna: Analogical Nomination in B en gali........................................................... 19 D r o z d ik , Ladislav: Word-Class Shifts of Multiword Units in the Lexicon of Modern Written A rabic ............................................................................................................................... 27 G á lik , Marián: Studies in Modern Chinese Intellectual History: V. Young Wang Guowei (1901—1911)................................................................................' ................................................ 37 G á lik , Marián: Interliterary Aspects o f the Short Stories by Lu Xun: Changming Deng (The Eternal Lamp) and V. M. Garshin: Krasnyi Tsvetok (The Red Flower) .... 67 Kut’ka, Karol: Some Reflections on Yukio Mishimas -
The Chronicle of Matthew of Edessa Translated Below Is a Valuable Source for the History of the Middle East in the 10Th-12Th Centuries
Matthew of Edessa's Chronicle Translated from Classical Armenian by Robert Bedrosian To the memory of Matti Moosa, visionary historian Sources of the Armenian Tradition (Long Branch, N.J., 2017) This translation is in the public domain. It may be copied and distributed freely. Maps: Two collections of maps appear as attachments to this document. Cartographers include: Robert H. Hewsen, B. H. Harut'yunyan, William R. Shepherd, Ramsey Muir, and H. W. Hazard. Translator's Preface Matthew of Edessa's Chronicle Part 1 The following Table of Contents was created for the convenience of readers and is not part of the Armenian text. 952-960 The famine of 952 in Mesopotamia; the Arabs assemble troops in Edessa and capture Samosata in 958; Emperor Romanus of Byzantium seizes Crete in 959. 961-970 The Arabs capture Anazarba and Aleppo in 961; royalty gathers at Ani for a coronation, also in 961; death of Emperor Romanus and the reign of Nicephorus II, Phocas 963-969 beginning in 963; how John Tzimisces became emperor, in 969. 971-980 Events in the Armenian city of Ani in 971 and thereafter; invasion of the Daylamites (Delmunk'); Vasak Pahlawuni's single-combat with a Qipchaq warrior named Seven Wolves; subsequent death of Vasak; the Byzantine general Mleh arrives at Melitene and forces the city to surrender, in 972; Mleh's subsequent defeat near Amida; Mleh's letter to Emperor Tzimisces; Tzimisces takes his troops to the East in 972 and is met by a large, watchful Armenian army; Tzimisces and the Armenian King Ashot make peace and Ashot agrees to provide auxiliaries. -
'The Conquest of the Holy Land by Saladin'
‘The Conquest of the Holy Land by Saladin’ This account of Saladin’s conquest of the Holy Land has come down to us in association with the Chronicon Anglicanum of Ralph of Coggeshall, a Cistercian from Essex who was one of the most important historians of early thirteenth-century England. However, while the author who compiled the tract may have been English, Ralph himself was not the person responsible. The particular value of this tract is that while in its present form it probably dates from c. 1220, it incorporates an earlier eye-witness account from a soldier who took part in the defence of Jerusalem and was wounded during the siege. The later compiler expanded this, adding details concerning the holy sites taken by the Muslims, quite possibly taken from a contemporary pilgrim guide, a brief account of the subsequent Third Crusade, which seems to have been taken from the much longer ‘Itinerary of King Richard’ by Richard de Templo, 1 and various passages of lamentation and moralising over the supposed iniquities of the Christians that had led God to allow the Muslims to succeed. The text has been translated from the De Expugnatione Terra Sanctae per Saladinum, in Ralph of Coggeshall, Chronicon Anglicanum, ed. J. Stevenson (Rolls Series, London 1875), 209-62. Use has been made of a previous translation of some passages from this tract by James Brundage, The Crusades: A Documentary History, (Milwaukee, 1962), 153-159, although the version here, which is a complete translation, and thus much fuller than the extracts used by Brundage, has been made afresh from the Latin text. -
Commune De Lusigny Sur Barse
République Française Département Aube Commune de Lusigny sur Barse SEANCE DU 23 Septembre 2016 Nombre de membres afférents au Conseil Municipal : 19 Présents : 13 Ayant pris part au vote : 19 Date de la Convocation : 16/09/2016 Date d’affichage : 16/09/2016 ORDRE DU JOUR : ••• Plan Particulier d'intervention (PPI) du barrage-réservoir Seine (lac d'Orient) - 2016/039 ••• ACCUEIL ENFANCE JEUNESSE - Mutualisation des services extrascolaires - 2016/040 ••• ACCUEIL ENFANCE JEUNESSE - Accueil extrascolaire des enfants de 13 à 17 ans - 2016/041 ••• ACCUEIL ENFANCE JEUNESSE - Renouvellement du Contrat Enfance Jeunesse de la CAF - 2016/042 ••• AMENAGEMENT DU TERRITOIRE - projet d'harmonisation de la Signalisation d'Information Locale - 2016/043 ••• PERSONNEL COMMUNAL - chèques CADO - 2016/044 ••• PERSONNEL COMMUNAL - assurance statutaire ••• - 2016/045 ••• SPL X-DEMAT - Rapport de gestion du Conseil d'Administration et proposition d'augmentation du capital - 2016/046 L’an 2016 , le 23 Septembre à 19 heures , le Conseil Municipal, régulièrement convoqué, s’est réuni au lieu habituel de ses séances, sous la présidence de Christian BRANLE, Maire, Vice-Président du Conseil Départemental. PRESENTS : BRANLE Christian TRESSOU M.-Hélène ECHIVARD M.-Claude CARILLON Pascal FABRE Nathalie LEBLANC Michèle PESENTI Daniel CHARVOT Catherine GNAEGI Éric BORDELOT J.-Pierre DUVAL Francelise ETIENNE Eric ROGER Anne ABSENTS : LAUNOY Alain, excusé ayant donné pouvoir à TRESSOU Marie-Hélène FROBERT J.-Claude, excusé ayant donné pouvoir à CARILLON Pascal DURAND Jacqueline, -
A Political History of the Kingdom of Jerusalem 1099 to 1187 C.E
Western Washington University Western CEDAR WWU Honors Program Senior Projects WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship Spring 2014 A Political History of the Kingdom of Jerusalem 1099 to 1187 C.E. Tobias Osterhaug Western Washington University Follow this and additional works at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwu_honors Part of the Higher Education Commons, and the History Commons Recommended Citation Osterhaug, Tobias, "A Political History of the Kingdom of Jerusalem 1099 to 1187 C.E." (2014). WWU Honors Program Senior Projects. 25. https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwu_honors/25 This Project is brought to you for free and open access by the WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship at Western CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in WWU Honors Program Senior Projects by an authorized administrator of Western CEDAR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 Tobias Osterhaug History 499/Honors 402 A Political History of the Kingdom of Jerusalem 1099 to 1187 C.E. Introduction: The first Crusade, a massive and unprecedented undertaking in the western world, differed from the majority of subsequent crusades into the Holy Land in an important way: it contained no royalty and was undertaken with very little direct support from the ruling families of Western Europe. This aspect of the crusade led to the development of sophisticated hierarchies and vassalages among the knights who led the crusade. These relationships culminated in the formation of the Crusader States, Latin outposts in the Levant surrounded by Muslim states, and populated primarily by non-Catholic or non-Christian peoples. Despite the difficulties engendered by this situation, the Crusader States managed to maintain control over the Holy Land for much of the twelfth century, and, to a lesser degree, for several decades after the Fall of Jerusalem in 1187 to Saladin. -
The Ottomans | Turkish-Islamic Art in Pre-Ottoman Anatolia
The Ottomans | Turkish-Islamic Art in Pre-Ottoman Anatolia ‘Following the Battle of Manzikert, Anatolia saw a new political, religious and social formation.’ Following the Battle of Manzikert in 463 / 1071, Anatolia saw the rise of a new political, religious and social formation next to the centuries-old Byzantine Empire. This was the Turks, who had started their journey from the Steppes of Asia, founded the Great Seljuq Empire in Iran, and then settled in Anatolia. Name: Star tiles Dynasty: During the reign of Sultan Alaaddin ('Ala al-Din) Keykubad I (r. hegira 616–35 / AD 1220–37) Anatolian Seljuq Details: Karatay Madrasa Tile Museum Konya, Turkey Justification: The double-headed eagle bears a cartouche inscription representing Sultan Alaaddin Keykubad, symbolising his power. Name: Great Mosque (Ulu Cami) Dynasty: Hegira first half of the 5th century / AD 11th century Anatolian Seljuq / Artuqid Details: Diyarbak#r, Turkey Justification: One of the oldest mosques in Anatolia built by Turks, it mirrors the layout of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus. Name: Coin (dirham) Dynasty: Hegira 646–7 / AD 1248–9 Anatolian Seljuq Details: The British Museum London, England, United Kingdom Justification: Important documentation for the legitimacy of the sultanate of the Seljuq sultans. Name: Alaaddin Mosque Dynasty: Construction began during the reign of Sultan Mesud [Mas'ud] I (hegira 510 / AD 1116) and was completed during the reign of Sultan Alaaddin Keykubad ['Ala al- Din Kay Qubadh] I (hegira 635 / AD 1237) Anatolian Seljuq Details: Konya, Turkey Justification: This royal mosque in Konya, the capital of the Anatolian Seljuqs, employs numerous re-used columns.. -
Phd 15.04.27 Versie 3
Promotor Prof. dr. Jan Dumolyn Vakgroep Geschiedenis Decaan Prof. dr. Marc Boone Rector Prof. dr. Anne De Paepe Nederlandse vertaling: Een Spiegel voor de Sultan. Staatsideologie in de Vroeg Osmaanse Kronieken, 1300-1453 Kaftinformatie: Miniature of Sultan Orhan Gazi in conversation with the scholar Molla Alâeddin. In: the Şakayıku’n-Nu’mâniyye, by Taşköprülüzâde. Source: Topkapı Palace Museum, H1263, folio 12b. Faculteit Letteren & Wijsbegeerte Hilmi Kaçar A Mirror for the Sultan State Ideology in the Early Ottoman Chronicles, 1300- 1453 Proefschrift voorgelegd tot het behalen van de graad van Doctor in de Geschiedenis 2015 Acknowledgements This PhD thesis is a dream come true for me. Ottoman history is not only the field of my research. It became a passion. I am indebted to Prof. Dr. Jan Dumolyn, my supervisor, who has given me the opportunity to take on this extremely interesting journey. And not only that. He has also given me moral support and methodological guidance throughout the whole process. The frequent meetings to discuss the thesis were at times somewhat like a wrestling match, but they have always been inspiring and stimulating. I also want to thank Prof. Dr. Suraiya Faroqhi and Prof. Dr. Jo Vansteenbergen, for their expert suggestions. My colleagues of the History Department have also been supportive by letting me share my ideas in development during research meetings at the department, lunches and visits to the pub. I would also like to sincerely thank the scholars who shared their ideas and expertise with me: Dimitris Kastritsis, Feridun Emecen, David Wrisley, Güneş Işıksel, Deborah Boucayannis, Kadir Dede, Kristof d’Hulster, Xavier Baecke and many others. -
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ILLUSTRATIONS, FIGURES AND MAPS illustrations 1. Kneeling crusader with his horse behind him, from the Westminster Psalter, c. 1250. xxii © British Library Board. All Rights Reserved / Bridgeman Images. 2. Eichstätt model of the Edicule, twelfth century. Bildarchiv Monheim GmbH / xxiv Alamy Stock Photo. 3. Aerial view of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem. Photo © Zev Radovan / xxv Bridgeman Images. 4. Croix de chevalier from the First Crusade. Photo Josse / Scala, Florence. 4 5. Giving the cross, from J. Riley-Smith (ed.), The Oxford Illustraded History of 7 the Crusades (Oxford 1995). 6. Women at a siege, from Histoire ancienne jusqu’à César, late thirteenth century. 11 © The British Library Board (MS 15268, fol. 101v). 7. Stone carving of Roland (right) on the exterior of the royal palace at Navarre, 13 twelfth century. Granger / Bridgeman Images. 8. ‘The Rider on the white horse and his followers’, from Apocalypse (‘The Queen 16 Mary Apocalypse’), early fourteenth century. © The British Library Board (Royal 19 B. XV, fol. 37r). All rights reserved / Bridgeman Images. 9. Godfrey of Bouillon and his train setting out on horseback, from William of Tyre, 22 Histoire d’Outremer, 1232–61. © British Library Board. All Rights Reserved / Bridgeman Images. 10. Richard I jousts with Saladin during the crusade of 1191. Encaustic tiles from 29 Chertsey Abbey, c. 1250. Universal History Archive/UIG / Bridgeman Images. 11. The Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem. Lori Epstein / National Geographic 32 Image Collection / Bridgeman Images. 12. Ivory casket with figural and ornamental decoration including hunting scenes, southern 33 Italy or Sicily, eleventh–twelfth centuries. -
Military Orders (Helen Nicholson) Alan V. Murray, Ed. the Crusades
Military Orders (Helen Nicholson) activities such as prayer and attending church services. Members were admitted in a formal religious ceremony. They wore a religious habit, but did not follow a fully enclosed lifestyle. Lay members Alan V. Murray, ed. The Crusades. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2006, pp. 825–829. predominated over priests in the early years, while the orders were still active in military affairs. The military order was a form of religious order first established in the first quarter of the twelfth The military orders were part of a religious trend of the late eleventh and early twelfth century toward century with the function of defending Christians, as well as observing the three monastic vows of wider participation in the religious life and more emphasis on action as against contemplation. The poverty, chastity, and obedience. The first military order was the Order of the Temple, formally Cistercian Order, founded at the end of the eleventh century, allowed laity from nonnoble families to established in the kingdom of Jerusalem in January 1120, while the Order of the Hospital (or Order of enter their order to perform manual tasks; orders of canons, founded in the late eleventh and early St. John of Jerusalem) began in the eleventh century as a hospice for pilgrims in Jerusalem and later twelfth centuries, could play an active role in society as priests working in the community, unlike on developed military responsibilities, perhaps as early as the mid-1120s. The Templars and traditional monks who lived enclosed lives in their monasteries. In the same way, the military orders Hospitallers became supranational religious orders, whose operations on the frontiers of Christendom did not follow a fully enclosed lifestyle, followed an active vocation, and were composed largely of laity: were supported by donations of land, money, and privileges from across Latin Christendom. -
The Latin Principality of Antioch and Its Relationship with the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, 1188-1268 Samuel James Wilson
The Latin Principality of Antioch and Its Relationship with the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, 1188-1268 Samuel James Wilson A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Nottingham Trent University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy March 2016 1 Copyright Statement This work is the intellectual property of the author. You may copy up to 5% of this work for private study, or personal, non-commercial research. Any re-use of the information contained within this document should be fully referenced, quoting the author, title, university, degree level and pagination. Queries or requests for any other use, or if a more substantial copy is required, should be directed to the owner of the Intellectual Property Rights. 2 Abstract The Latin principality of Antioch was founded during the First Crusade (1095-1099), and survived for 170 years until its destruction by the Mamluks in 1268. This thesis offers the first full assessment of the thirteenth century principality of Antioch since the publication of Claude Cahen’s La Syrie du nord à l’époque des croisades et la principauté franque d’Antioche in 1940. It examines the Latin principality from its devastation by Saladin in 1188 until the fall of Antioch eighty years later, with a particular focus on its relationship with the Armenian kingdom of Cilicia. This thesis shows how the fate of the two states was closely intertwined for much of this period. The failure of the principality to recover from the major territorial losses it suffered in 1188 can be partly explained by the threat posed by the Cilician Armenians in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries. -
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TH E l LLUSTRlOUil O RDER O F H OEBPI’PA LEM A N D K N I G H T S O F T . O H N O F E R L E M S J J US A . P ET ER G ERA RD T H E F O UND E R , , A N D T H E TH RE E GRE AT G R A N D MASTE RS OF T H E I L L U S N J E T R I U S O R D E R O S T . O O O F J H F R U S A L E M . r a n d In s el ec tin g th e thre e g m asters of th e Hospitalers , who . for their ability to organize and c om m and in battle . to assau lt or defend a fortre ss or city , or rule and govern so mix ed a body of m en of so m any langu ages as c onstit u te d The Illustrious Knights of S t . J ohn , of Palestine , Rhodes , and M alta , from their organi za A 9 A D D . 1 7 8 . tion 1 1 0 0 . to , and p articularly th e thre e to whom in ou r j ud gment the honor belongs for m uc h of the glory whic h a t a t ac hes to th e Order of the Kni ghts of M alt . we c annot be far “ du wrong w hen we nam e Raym ond Puy , Phi lip Villi ers de L Isl e Adam , and John de la Vale tte .