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The Fourth Paradigm
ABOUT THE FOURTH PARADIGM This book presents the first broad look at the rapidly emerging field of data- THE FOUR intensive science, with the goal of influencing the worldwide scientific and com- puting research communities and inspiring the next generation of scientists. Increasingly, scientific breakthroughs will be powered by advanced computing capabilities that help researchers manipulate and explore massive datasets. The speed at which any given scientific discipline advances will depend on how well its researchers collaborate with one another, and with technologists, in areas of eScience such as databases, workflow management, visualization, and cloud- computing technologies. This collection of essays expands on the vision of pio- T neering computer scientist Jim Gray for a new, fourth paradigm of discovery based H PARADIGM on data-intensive science and offers insights into how it can be fully realized. “The impact of Jim Gray’s thinking is continuing to get people to think in a new way about how data and software are redefining what it means to do science.” —Bill GaTES “I often tell people working in eScience that they aren’t in this field because they are visionaries or super-intelligent—it’s because they care about science The and they are alive now. It is about technology changing the world, and science taking advantage of it, to do more and do better.” —RhyS FRANCIS, AUSTRALIAN eRESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE COUNCIL F OURTH “One of the greatest challenges for 21st-century science is how we respond to this new era of data-intensive -
Volker Sellin European Monarchies from 1814 to 1906
Volker Sellin European Monarchies from 1814 to 1906 Volker Sellin European Monarchies from 1814 to 1906 A Century of Restorations Originally published as Das Jahrhundert der Restaurationen, 1814 bis 1906, Munich: De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 2014. Translated by Volker Sellin An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License, as of February 23, 2017. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. ISBN 978-3-11-052177-1 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-052453-6 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-052209-9 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Cover Image: Louis-Philippe Crépin (1772–1851): Allégorie du retour des Bourbons le 24 avril 1814: Louis XVIII relevant la France de ses ruines. Musée national du Château de Versailles. bpk / RMN - Grand Palais / Christophe Fouin. Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck ♾ Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Contents Introduction 1 France1814 8 Poland 1815 26 Germany 1818 –1848 44 Spain 1834 63 Italy 1848 83 Russia 1906 102 Conclusion 122 Bibliography 126 Index 139 Introduction In 1989,the world commemorated the outbreak of the French Revolution two hundred years earlier.The event was celebratedasthe breakthrough of popular sovereignty and modernconstitutionalism. -
État Sommaire Des Fonds D'archives Privées Série AP
AVERTISSEMENT TRÈS IMPORTANT Pour approfondir votre recherche, pour remplir une demande de consultation de documents dont l’accès est soumis à une autorisation ou à une dérogation, la consultation de l’État sommaire n’est pas suffisante. Il est indispensable que vous consultiez aussi au préalable les inventaires et répertoires plus détaillés. Ils sont consultables soit en ligne (voir la rubrique « Inventaires et répertoires en ligne »), soit en salle des inventaires des Archives nationales (site de Paris). Les demandes de consultation rédigées uniquement à partir de l’État sommaire risquent de vous être retournées, afin que vous précisiez votre recherche. ÉTAT SOMMAIRE DES FONDS D’ARCHIVES PRIVÉES SÉRIE AP (1 à 680 AP) État revu et mis à jour à la date du 20 juin 2011 Archives nationales (site de Paris) Section des Archives privées AVERTISSEMENT AU LECTEUR Chaque notice de fonds comprend : – la cote du fonds dans la série AP (archives personnelles et familiales), AB XIX (fonds d’érudits et collections d’autographes) ou Mi (microfilm) ; – l’intitulé du fonds ou de la collection : titre que porte le fonds de toute ancienneté (chartrier de Tournon) ou titre forgé sur le nom de son producteur. On a distingué les fonds organiquement constitués, résultant de l’activité d’une personne physique ou morale dans l’exercice de ses activités, des collections de pièces diverses rassemblées par des érudits ou des amateurs d’autographes (collection de Coppet, par exemple). Dans le cas d’un individu isolé, le fonds a reçu pour appellation le prénom et le nom du producteur (fonds Alexandre Millerand) ; dans le cas d’une famille, seul a été retenu le patronyme. -
The Diversity of Data and Tasks in Event Analytics
The Diversity of Data and Tasks in Event Analytics Catherine Plaisant, Ben Shneiderman Abstract— The growing interest in event analytics has resulted in an array of tools and applications using visual analytics techniques. As we start to compare and contrast approaches, tools and applications it will be essential to develop a common language to describe the data characteristics and diverse tasks. We propose a characterisation of event data along 3 dimensions (temporal characteristics, attributes and scale) and propose 8 high-level user tasks. We look forward to refining the lists based on the feedback of workshop attendees. KEYWORDS having the same time stamp, medical data are often Temporal analysis, pattern analysis, task analysis, taxonomy, big recorded in batches after the fact. data, temporal visualization o The relevant time scale may vary (from milliseconds to years), and may be homogeneous or not. INTRODUCTION o Data may represent changes over time of a status The growing interest in event analytics (e.g. Aigner et al, 2011; indicator, e.g. changes of cancer stages, student status or Shneiderman and Plaisant, 2016) has resulted in an array of novel physical presence in various hospital services, or may tools and applications using visual analytics techniques. As represent a set of events or actions that are not exclusive researchers compare and contrast approaches it will be helpful to from one another, e.g. actions in a computer log or series develop a common language to describe the diverse tasks and data of symptoms and medical tests. characteristics analysts encounter. o Patterns may be very cyclical or not, and this may vary The methodology of design studies - which primarily focus on over time. -
Statecraft and Insect Oeconomies in the Global French Enlightenment (1670-1815)
Statecraft and Insect Oeconomies in the Global French Enlightenment (1670-1815) Pierre-Etienne Stockland Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2018 © 2017 Etienne Stockland All rights reserved ABSTRACT Statecraft and Insect Oeconomies in the Global French Enlightenment (1670-1815) Pierre-Etienne Stockland Naturalists, state administrators and farmers in France and its colonies developed a myriad set of techniques over the course of the long eighteenth century to manage the circulation of useful and harmful insects. The development of normative protocols for classifying, depicting and observing insects provided a set of common tools and techniques for identifying and tracking useful and harmful insects across great distances. Administrative techniques for containing the movement of harmful insects such as quarantine, grain processing and fumigation developed at the intersection of science and statecraft, through the collaborative efforts of diplomats, state administrators, naturalists and chemical practitioners. The introduction of insectivorous animals into French colonies besieged by harmful insects was envisioned as strategy for restoring providential balance within environments suffering from human-induced disequilibria. Naturalists, administrators, and agricultural improvers also collaborated in projects to maximize the production of useful substances secreted by insects, namely silk, dyes and medicines. A study of -
LA SAUVEGARDE DU PATRIMOINE RELIGIEUX DIJONNAIS a LA FIN DU Xviiie SIECLE
Katherin LANDAIS Université de Bourgogne à Dijon Sous la direction d’Olivier BONFAIT et le tutorat de Michaël VOTTERO Rapport pour l’Allocation de formation et de recherche pour l’année 2014 Département du Pilotage de la Recherche et de la Politique Scientifique Médiathèque de l’Architecture et du Patrimoine L’ELABORATION DE L’INVENTAIRE DEVOSGE ET LA SAUVEGARDE DU PATRIMOINE RELIGIEUX DIJONNAIS A LA FIN DU XVIIIe SIECLE Pierre-Paul Prud’hon, Portrait de François Devosge , XVIIIe siècle, M.B.A. Dijon 1 « Dans le siècle de la raison, sous un gouvernement républicain souffrirait-on de tels excès ? Je ne puis le penser. » François Devosge dénonçant le vandalisme sur les monuments dijonnais, dans sa Lettre du 30 janvier 1794. 2 Avertissement L’élaboration de l’inventaire Devosge et la sauvegarde du patrimoine religieux dijonnais au XVIIIe siècle est un travail qui complète un mémoire de Master 2 porté sur la sauvegarde du patrimoine par cet inventaire à la période révolutionnaire avec l’étude des peintures des émigrés conservées au Musée des Beaux-Arts de Dijon. Dans le cadre de mes recherches et à destination de la Médiathèque de l’Architecture et du Patrimoine, nous avons étudié la protection et la conservation des saisies faites dans les établissements religieux. L’étude de l’inventaire de François Devosge et des peintures conservées au Musée des Beaux-Arts se fonde principalement sur l’analyse du manuscrit conservé aux Archives Municipales de Dijon. La transcription de l’inventaire a été permise grâce à la base de données 4D qui servira à sa future mise en ligne. -
Notice Historique
ERNEST DELAMONT NOTICE HISTORIQUE SI R 1, \ LA POSTE AUX PIGEONS Xrfi G » I V ■ " İ.A post" «át la çuns.’aü'oii de la ме. - ViftiTAIRIs. ■> I KJ DK LITÍ: u EXA otiti: IlE c í x è r i t í : BORDEAUX IMPRIMERIE - T fPQG R A PH IQ U Е Л, PÉRKY 43, It UE ГОНТЕ BU EAUX, 43, Л B7A NOTICE HISTORIQUE sun LA POSTE AUX LETTRES NOTICE HISTORIQUE SÜR LA POSTE AUX LETTRES DANS L'ANTIQUITÉ ET EN FRANCE p»r E r n e s t DELAMONT Quod potui, non çuod voluerim. FIDÉLITÉ EXACTITUDE CÉLÉRITÉ BORDEAUX IMPRIMERIE-TYPOGRAPHIQUE A. PÉREY 43, RUE PORTE-DÏJEAUX, 43 Л 8 7 0 La République frauçaise n'a pas besoin d’être reconnue elle est comme le soleil sur l’horizon : aveugle qui ne le ooit pas, avail répondu le général Bonaparte au comte do Merfeld et au marquis del Gallo lors des préliminaires de Leoben qui furent suivis du traité de Campo-Formio. Autant en dirons-nous de Futilité de la Poste aux lettres; aussi n’es- saicrons-nous pas de démontrer les avantages immenses de cette institution. Certes, si l’intelligence humaine devait adresser des remerciements à ce qui a le plus contribué à son élévation cl à son développement, sans contredit ses hom mages devraient en première ligne s'adresser à la Poste; pat elle la civilisation s’est étendue, le commerce tient tout le globe, la pensée ne connaît pas d’obstacles, les liens de la famille cl de l’amitié sont resserrés, la Patrie même est rendue aux absents. -
The Pitiful King: Tears, Blood, and Family in Revolutionary Royalism
The Pitiful King: Tears, Blood, and Family in Revolutionary Royalism Victoria Murano Submitted to Professors Lisa Jane Graham and Linda Gerstein In partial fulfillment of the requirement of History 400: Senior Thesis Seminar Murano 1 Abstract When the French Revolution erupted in 1789, revolutionaries strove to foster a sense of freedom of expression, guaranteeing a brief freedom of the press. The eleventh article of the 1791 Declaration of the Rights of Man asserts that “The free communication of thoughts and opinions is one of man’s most precious rights; all citizens may therefore speak, write, print freely, except to answer for the abuse of this liberty in cases determined by law.” However, as France became further embroiled in the Revolution, it abandoned its allegiance to the universality of these rights, propagating pro-republican thought, and persecuting anyone who did not share these views. The royalist press was a major concern to the new republican government, because it continued to speak out in support of the king and criticize the Revolution. The existence of royalist journalists and writers thus posed a problem for revolutionaries who wanted to establish a monolithically-minded republic. Therefore, over time, they enacted repressive censorship and punishment to crack down on royalist sympathizers. Although they sent many royalist writers to prison or the guillotine, the revolutionaries ultimately failed to silence their political enemies. This thesis uses newspapers, images, and other printed media to explore royalist coverage of three events that diminished royal power: Louis XVI’s flight to Varennes in June 1791, his execution in January 1793, and the death of his nine-year-old son and heir, Louis XVII, in June 1795. -
Quantitative Literacy to New Quantitative Literacies
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319160466 Quantitative Literacy to New Quantitative Literacies Chapter · May 2017 CITATIONS READS 0 39 3 authors, including: Rohit Mehta James P. Howard California State University, Fresno Johns Hopkins University 32 PUBLICATIONS 42 CITATIONS 13 PUBLICATIONS 0 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: MSU-Wipro STEM & Leadership View project I Wonder: Research To Practice View project All content following this page was uploaded by Rohit Mehta on 18 October 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. 5 Quantitative Literacy to New Quantitative Literacies Jeffrey Craig, Rohit Mehta; James P. Howard II Michigan State University; University of Maryland University College 5.1 Introduction Steen and colleagues [42] made their Case for Quantitative Literacy based on the premise that the 21st-century, pri- marily due to technology changes, is a significantly more quantitative environment than any previous time in history. The design team who wrote the case made rhetorical observations about the increasing prevalence of numbers in society in the United States; phrases like [a] world awash in numbers [42] precede nearly every piece of literature regarding quantitative literacy (or numeracy). The authors used this rhetoric to position people relative to the demands of social systems in the world. Specifically, numeracy has emerged as a partner to literacy because the social world is being integrated with numbers due to recent technological advances. Steen argued that as the printing press gave the power of letters to the masses, so the computer gives the power of number to ordinary citizens [40, p. -
Mitteilungen Der Residenzen-Kommission Der
__________________________________________________ MITTEILUNGEN DER RESIDENZEN-KOMMISSION DER AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN ZU GÖTTINGEN JAHRGANG 11 (2001) NR. 1 MITTEILUNGEN DER RESIDENZEN-KOMMISSION DER AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN ZU GÖTTINGEN JAHRGANG 11 (2001) NR. 1 RESIDENZEN-KOMMISSION ARBEITSSTELLE KIEL ISSN 0941-0937 Herstellung: Vervielfältigungsstelle der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Auflage: 750 Titelvignette: NIELSEN, Kay: Danmarks Konger og Dronninger, Kopenhagen 1991, S. 47. Detail eines Ölgemäldes aus dem 18. Jh. der Herzogin Anna von Brandenburg (1487-1514) INHALT Vorwort ................................................................................................................................ 7 8. Symposium der Residenzen-Kommission.......................................................................... 9 Aus der Arbeit der Kommission...........................................................................................18 Die Arbeit der anderen.........................................................................................................19 Fräulein und Gnädige Frau – Anna von Brandenburg (1487-1514), von Gerhard Fouquet, Kiel...............................................................................................19 „Pouvez-vous trop donner pour une chose si essentielle?“ Eine prosopographische Studie der obersten Chargen am Hof von Versailles, von Leonhard Horowski, Berlin .......................................................................................32 Kolloquiumsberichte............................................................................................................54 -
HOTELS ET CHATEAUX LOUIS Xin
HOTELS ET CHATEAUX LOUIS Xin Bien que huguenots l'un et l'autre, Abraham Bosse, le gra veur, et Gédéon Tallemant des Réaux, l'auteur des Historiettes, ne sont point gens de même farine. Dix-sept années d'ailleurs les séparaient, Bosse étant né en 1602 et Tallemant'des Réaux en 1619. Maniant sa pointe avec soin et habileté mais sans grande imagination, assez gourmé et pesant, Bosse relève plutôt de la petite bourgeoisie des Caquets de l'Accouchée. Ce freluquet de Tallemant fréquente aine société plus relevée, qui se pique de lettres. Il n'a plus la lourdeur du bonhomme L'Estoile, bien qu'il appartienne comme lui à une famille de robe, moindre probablement, en dépit des apparences, que celle de son ancien. Il fait débauche avec les élégants, court les ruelles, écrit de petits vers, hante l'hôtel de Rambouillet. Il a décrit, avec beau coup plus de véracité qu'on ne l'a cru longtemps, un monde haut en couleurs, pittoresque, assez faisandé en somme. En tous les milieux de tous les temps, il y a toujours eu, pour em ployer l'expression de notre auteur, beaucoup « d'honnêtes femmes qui se gouvernent mal ». Mais enfin, la marquise de Rambouillet, qui est inattaquable, donne la faveur de son amitié à Mlle Paulet, la « lionne », qui sort d'assez bas lieu et qui n'est après tout que ce que nos aïeuls appelaient un « demi-castor ». La considération relative dont jouit Marion Delorme, qui ne cache pas son métier, nous surprend, et plus encore l'intimité HOTELS ET CHATEAUX LOUIS XIII 655 de celle qui sera plus tard Mme de Maintenon avec Ninon de L'Enclos. -
Surfacing Visualization Mirages
Surfacing Visualization Mirages Andrew McNutt Gordon Kindlmann Michael Correll University of Chicago University of Chicago Tableau Research Chicago, IL Chicago, IL Seattle, WA [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT In this paper, we present a conceptual model of these visual- Dirty data and deceptive design practices can undermine, in- ization mirages and show how users’ choices can cause errors vert, or invalidate the purported messages of charts and graphs. in all stages of the visual analytics (VA) process that can lead These failures can arise silently: a conclusion derived from to untrue or unwarranted conclusions from data. Using our a particular visualization may look plausible unless the an- model we observe a gap in automatic techniques for validating alyst looks closer and discovers an issue with the backing visualizations, specifically in the relationship between data data, visual specification, or their own assumptions. We term and chart specification. We address this gap by developing a such silent but significant failures visualization mirages. We theory of metamorphic testing for visualization which synthe- describe a conceptual model of mirages and show how they sizes prior work on metamorphic testing [92] and algebraic can be generated at every stage of the visual analytics process. visualization errors [54]. Through this combination we seek to We adapt a methodology from software testing, metamorphic alert viewers to situations where minor changes to the visual- testing, as a way of automatically surfacing potential mirages ization design or backing data have large (but illusory) effects at the visual encoding stage of analysis through modifications on the resulting visualization, or where potentially important to the underlying data and chart specification.