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US5212343.Pdf |||||I|||||| USOO5212343A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,212,343 Brupbacher et al. 45) Date of Patent: May 18, 1993 54 WATER REACTIVE METHOD WITH 3,377,955 4/1968 Hodgson ............................. 102/102 DELAYED EXPLOSION 3,388,554 6/1968 Hodgson ............................... 60/217 3,986,909 10/1976 Macri....... ... 149/19.9 75) Inventors: John M. Brupbacher, Catonsville; 4,034,497 7/1977 Yanda ........... ... 42/1 G Leontios Christodoulou, Baltimore, 4,188,884 2/1980 White et al. 102/54 both of Md.; James M. Patton, 4,280,409 7/1981 Rozner et al. ... 02/364 Annandale, Va.; Russell N. Bennett, 4,331,080 5/1982 West et al..... ... 102/301 Baltimore, Md.; Alvin F. Bopp; Larry 4,432,818 2/1984 Givens .................................. 149/22 G. Boxall, both of Catonsville, Md.; Primary Examiner-Peter A. Nelson William M. Buchta, Ellicott City, Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Gay Chin; Bruce M. Md. Winchell; Alan G. Towner 73) Assignee: Martin Marietta Corporation, 57 ABSTRACT Bethesda, Md. Devices and methods are disclosed for contacting a hot (21) Appl. No.: 573,960 reaction mass with water to initiate an explosive reac ar. tion. The reaction mass comprises a ceramic or interme (22 Filed: Aug. 27, 1990 tallic material that is produced by exothermically react 51) Int. Cl........................... F42B3/00; F42B 13/14 ing a mixture of reactive elements. Suitable reaction 52 U.S. C. .................................... 102/323; 102/302; masses include borides and/or carbides that are formed 102/364; 149/22; 149/108.2; 42/1.14 by reacting a mixture comprising B and/or C in combi 58) Field of Search ................ 149/22, 108.2; 42/1.08, nation with an element selected from Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, 42/1.14; 102/364, 399, 302,323 Mo, Hf, Ta and W. Additional metals such as Al, Li, 8 Mg, Zn, Cu, Be, Na, K, Ca, Rb, Y, U and Cs may also (56) References Cited be present in the reactive mixture. In operation, the hot U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS reaction mass is contacted with water to initiate an H464 5/1988 Lee et al. .... ... 102/364 explosive water reaction and to produce large volumes 3, 11,439 11/1963 Brunauer. 19792 of hydrogen containing gas. 3,137,993 6/1964 Tyson, Jr. ... ... 60/35.4 3,353,349 11/1967 Percival .................................. 60/3 15 Claims, 4 Drawing Sheets U.S. Patent May 18, 1993 Sheet 1 of 4 5,212,343 ; U.S. Patent May 18, 1993 Sheet 2 of 4 5,212,343 NY sit 742-4-4-4-4ANS N SN 12 3 23NYez y 47 y F G. 5 U.S. Patent 5,212,343 ºNNNNNNN!! 1. 5,212,343 2 Preferably, the boron and reactive metal are provided WATER REACTIVE METHOD WITH DELAYED as granules or pellets which are mixed or encapsulated EXPLOSION within the conventional explosive material. In opera tion, the conventional explosive produces a blast or BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 5 shock wave and initiates an exothermic reaction of the This invention relates to devices and methods for boron and metal mixture to form a mass or cloud of hot contacting water with a hot reaction mass to produce an or molten intermetallic particles surrounding the explo explosive reaction. sion. Thus, the composite explosive embraces the de Conventional chemical explosives are frequently sen structive properties of the conventional explosive mate sitive to heat and impact, and when they burn inadver O rial and the thermal properties of the intermetallic parti tently, as in a fire, they generally yield toxic fumes. cles. West et al disclose that the intermetallic particles Consequently, these conventional explosives require may interact with the ambient environment to cause special handling and storage precautions. burning and cratering. However, the reference does not A phenomenon of considerable industrial importance teach the formation of large volumes of hydrogen con in recent years is the vapor explosion, often referred to 15 taining gas and, in fact, teaches that the formation of gas as a thermal or steam explosion. This phenomenon re is undesirable. sults from the extremely rapid heat transfer from hot U.S. Pat. No. 4,188,884 to White et al, which is liquid (e.g., molten metal) to cold liquid (e.g., water) hereby incorporated by reference, relates to an under when the two are contacted together. Sporadic explo water explosive device comprising a charge such as sions resulting from this phenomenon have been respon 20 lithium which explosively reacts with water, and a high sible for loss of life and property in industry for a num explosive material such as PETN placed in such a man ber of years, and efforts have been made to understand ner so as to disperse the lithium charge into the sur the extreme violence of these interactions. It is not pres rounding water. Upon detonation, molten lithium reacts ently known exactly how these explosions are initiated. with the surrounding water to produce a hydrogen gas However, resultant effects of these interactions are 25 bubble which acts to inflict damage upon underwater dramatic, and substantial amounts of energy are re structures. The lithium is not heated autogeneously by a leased during such explosions. chemical reaction, but rather is heated indirectly by the U.S. Pat. No. 4,280,409 to Rozner et al, which is high explosive. hereby incorporated by reference, discloses a steam or water vapor explosive device which comprises a metal 30 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION liner selected from aluminum, magnesium, copper, and brass enclosing a water chamber, with a pyrotechnic An object of this invention is to provide a new water material surrounding the liner. The pyrotechnic mate reactive device. rial is composed of a mixture of powders of nickel, Another object of this invention is to provide a water metal oxide, and an aluminum containing component 35 reactive explosive device which is relatively insensitive which may be from 50 to 100 weight percent of alumi to impact, friction, shock and elevated temperature, and num and from zero to 50 weight percent of another is less likely to prematurely explode than most organic metal selected from magnesium, zirconium, bismuth, chemical explosives. beryllium, boron, tantalum, copper, silver, niobium, or A further object of this invention is to provide an mixtures thereof. A steam or vapor explosion is initiated explosive device in which elements react exothermi by the flowing contact of the molten pyrotechnic reac cally to form a hot reaction mass which is contacted tion products and liner with water. with water to produce an explosion. The device com U.S. Statutory Invention Registration No. H464 to prises a container, a reactive mixture within the con Lee et al, which is hereby incorporated by reference, tainer, means for initiating an exothermic reaction of the relates to an explosive device comprising a liquid cham 45 mixture, and means for contacting the reacted mixture ber and a pyrotechnic material chamber separated from with water. Suitable reactive mixtures include elements each other by a fusible metal wall. The material con that are exothermically reactive to form ceramics or tained within the pyrotechnic chamber comprises a intermetallics. Preferred mixtures include boron and/or mixture of magnesium nickel alloy hydride and an oxi carbon in combination with metals that are reactive to dizer selected from CuO, Li2O2, and BaO2, while the 50 form borides and carbides such as titanium, vanadium, liquid preferably comprises water. In operation, the chromium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, hafnium, pyrotechnic material is ignited, destroying the fusible tantalum and tungsten. In addition, other metals such as metal wall and ejecting molten metal into the liquid aluminum, lithium, copper, zinc, magnesium, beryllium, chamber which results in a violent vapor explosion. sodium, potassium, calcium, rubidium, yttrium, uranium U.S. Pat. No. 4,331,080 to West etal, which is hereby 55 and cesium may be included. These additional metals incorporated by reference, discloses a composite explo are heated by the exothermic reaction to the molten or sive comprising conventional explosive material inti gaseous state and, upon contact with water, contribute mately mixed with a mixture of boron and another to the energy of the explosion. A major advantage of metal capable of exothermically reacting with boron. the present explosive device is that it is not necessary to The conventional explosive material preferably com carry one of the reactive components i.e., water, which prises 30 to 70 weight percent of said composite explo results in volume and weight savings. Thus, a high sive and may include trinitrotoluene (TNT), cyclotri energy of reaction per unit weight or volume is methylenetrinitramine (RDX), pentaerythritol tetrani achieved, since one of the reactants in the water reac trate (PETN), and/or cyclotetramethylenetetranitra tion may be taken from the environment. In addition, mine (HMX). The boron containing component in 65 safety is increased in storage and transportation of the cludes a metal such as lithium, titanium, hafnium, zirco devices because they do not become explosive unless nium, tantalum, or uranium which reacts exothermi the exothermic reaction is initiated and the subsequent cally with the boron to form intermetallic particles. reaction mass is contacted with water. The present 5,212,343 3 4. explosive device is also more efficient than prior art FIG. 4a shows a schematic axial cross-sectional view steam or vapor explosion devices in that substantially all of the water reactive device of FIG. 4. of the materials utilized react with water during the FIG. 5 shows a schematic side cross-sectional view of explosion, thereby increasing explosive force. Thus, the a water reactive device including explosion means for reactive elements such as boron and titanium exother- 5 dispersing reactive material into surrounding water.
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