Review Article Pharmacological Review of Flacourtia Sepiaria (Ruxb.)
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Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy (SAJP) ISSN 2320-4206 Sch. Acad. J. Pharm., 2013; 2(2):89-93 ©Scholars Academic and Scientific Publisher (An International Publisher for Academic and Scientific Resources) www.saspublisher.com Review Article Pharmacological Review of Flacourtia sepiaria (Ruxb.) Sanjeeb Kumar Patro1*, Padmacharan Behera1, Posa Mahesh Kumar1, D.Sasmal1 , Ranjan Kumar Padhy2, S. K. Dash2 1Department of pharmaceutical sciences, BIT, Mesra, Ranchi.835215 2College of pharmaceutical sciences, Bramhapur (Mohuda), Ganjam, Odisha.760002 *Corresponding author Sanjeeb Kumar Patro Email: [email protected] Abstract: The medicinal plants are widely used by the traditional medical practitioners for curing various diseases in their day to day practice. Flacourtia sepiaria (Flacourtiaceae) is the most useful traditional medicinal plant in India. Although there is no such Phytopharmacological activities has been carried out but, still it is considered as a valuable source of unique natural products for development of medicines and targeting against various diseases. Each part of its allied species i.e., (leaves, bark, stem, fruits, root and even whole plant) of the Flacourtia indica has demonstrated several pharmacological activities including Anti-Inflammatory, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Hepatoprotective, Antimalarial, Anti-Diabetic, Anti asthmatic and Antibacterial Activity. The present review highlights a literature on botanical and pharmacological discussion of Flacourtia sepiaria. Keywords: Flacourtia sepiaria, Flacourtia indica, Phytoconstituents, Phytopharmacology, Indigenous medicinal plant. INTRODUCTION: cholera [1, 3]. Previous Phytochemical investigation on A large proportion of the population in many its allied species of plant (F. indica) resulted in the developing countries relies on traditional herbal isolatation of β-sitosterol (a well-known phytosterol), β- practioners to meet their primary health care needs. sitosterol-β- Dglucopyranoside, ramontoside, Amidst wide range of availability of modern i.e. butyrolactone lignan disaccharide, flacourtin, coumarin synthetic medicines, herbal medicines more such as scoparone and aesculetin [3-5]. Thin layer appropriately the herbal drugs or herbals often retain chromatographic screening and isolation of their popularity for their intense historical and cultural phytochemicals from F. indica showed the presence of values. In view of the increasing demand of these herbal flavonoids, poly phenols and other compounds [3-6]. drugs, the issues regarding their safety, efficacy and quality maintenance in industrialized and developing PLANT DESCRIPTION: countries as well are cropped up. These herbals and their isolated compounds i.e. the bio-active principles, 1.1.1. Family : Salicaceae have demonstrated spectra of biological activities. 1.2. Taxonomy: Therapeutic data on such herbals are much Domain : Eukaryota comprehensive from the medico folk lore literatures of Kingdom : Plantae many regions as recorded from time to time. Subkingdom : Viridaeplantae Phylum : Tracheophyta Flacourtia sepiaria (Ruxb.), synonym of Subphylum : Euphyllophytina Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merr, Flacourtia ramontchi Infraphylum : Radiatopses L’Herit. (Family- Flacourtiaceae), commonly known as Class : Magnoliopsida ‘Tuturi’ or ‘Bainchi’ or ‘Katai’. It is an indigenous Subclass : Rosidae medicinal plant widely distributed in India and Superorder : Violanae Bangladesh [1]. This plant has been reported as an Order : Malpighiales answer for the treatment of functional disorders like Family : Salicaceae rheumatoid arthritis and gout. The areal part of plant Tribe : Flacourtieae i.e., its fruits are edible; the bark triturated in sesamum Genus : Flacourtia oil is used as aliniment in rheumatism. This tree yields Specific epithet : sepiaria - Roxb. an antidote to snake –bites from an infusion of the Botanical name : Flacourtia sepiaria Roxb. leaves and roots. In indo china, the liquid from the infusion the roosted or grilled leaves of Flacourtia Vernacular Names: sepiaria given to women after parturition [2]. The allied Hindi. : kondai species of the plant fruits are used as appetizing, Eng. : Governors Plum, Madaraskara Plum diuretic, and digestive, in jaundice and enlarged spleen. Ori. : Tuturi. Barks are used for the treatment of intermittent fever. Sansk. : kinkini. Roots are used in nephritic colic and gum is used in Guj. : Kankata 89 Sanjeeb Kumar Patro et al., Sch. Acad. J. Pharm., 2013; 2(2):81-88 Kan. : Llumanika, Dodda Gejjalakai Flacourtia mollipila Sleumer. Mal. : Conoron. Flacourtia mollis Hook.f. & Thomson Mar. : Kaker, Bhekal. Flacourtia montana Zipp. ex Span. Punj. : kingaro, sherwam Flacourtia nitida Benth. Tam. : Sottaikala, Kanru, Kattukala. Flacourtia nivea Moon Tel. : Conrew, Mulu Tiruman. Flacourtia obcordata Roxb. Flacourtia obtusa Hochst. ex Clos Related Species of F. sepiaria Flacourtia obtusata Hochst. ex A.Rich. Flacourtia afra Pic.Serm. Flacourtia occidentalis Blatt. Flacourtia amalotricha A.C.Sm. Flacourtia oppositifolia Gagnep. Flacourtia amara Span. Flacourtia ovata Gillespie Flacourtia aulakocarpa Hassk. Flacourtia papuana Pulle Flacourtia balansae Gagnep. Flacourtia parviflora Blanco Flacourtia benthamii Tul. Flacourtia parvifolia Merr. Flacourtia calophylla Benth. ex Eichl. Flacourtia peninsularis Elmer ex Merr. Flacourtia campbelliana Roxb. Flacourtia perrottetiana Clos. Flacourtia camptoceras Miq. Flacourtia prunifolia H.B. & K. Flacourtia cataphracta. Flacourtia quintuplinervis Turcz. Flacourtia cavaleriei H.Lév. Flacourtia racemosa Siebold & Zucc. Flacourtia celastrina H.B. & K. Flacourtia ramontchi Flacourtia cerasifera Zippel. ex Slooten. Flacourtia rhamnoides Burclt. ex DC. Flacourtia chinensis Clos. Flacourtia rindjanica Slooten. Flacourtia cinerea H.B. & K. ex Hemsl. Flacourtia rotundifolia Roxb. Flacourtia cordata H.B. & K. Flacourtia rukam. Flacourtia cordifolia Roxb. Flacourtia sapida Roxb. Flacourtia corollata Blanco. Flacourtia spiculifera Tul. Flacourtia crenata Wall. Flacourtia stigmarota Wall. Flacourtia cuphlebia Merr. Flacourtia subintegra A.C.Sm. Flacourtia degenori A.C.Sm. Flacourtia sulcata Elmer. Flacourtia digyna Benth. ex Eichl. Flacourtia sumatrana Planch. ex Hook.f. Flacourtia edulis Schumach. & Thonn. Flacourtia territorialis Airy Shaw. Flacourtia elegans Tul. Flacourtia thorelii Gagnep. Flacourtia elliptica Warb. Flacourtia timorensis Zipp. ex Span. Flacourtia euphlebia. Flacourtia tomentella Miq. Flacourtia ferox Wall. ex Voigt. Flacourtia tomentosa C.Presl. Flacourtia flavescens Willd. Flacourtia velutina Tul. Flacourtia flexuosa H.B. & K. Flacourtia vitiensis (Seem.) A.C.Sm. Flacourtia gambecola Clos. Flacourtia vogelii Hook.f. Flacourtia helferi Gamble ex Ridl. Flacourtia wightiana Wall. Flacourtia heterophylla Turcz. Flacourtia zippelii Slooten Flacourtia hilsenbergii C.Presl. Flacourtia hirtiuscula Oliv. Flacourtia indica. Flacourtia inermis. Flacourtia integrifolia Merr. F. sepiaria is a species found from the Punjab eastward to Bihar, the Deccan and the southern Flacourtia jangomas. Peninsula. This plant is an erect branched, more or less Flacourtia japonica Hort. ex Lavall. spiny busy shrub of small tree, growing to a height of 3 Flacourtia kelampagine Eeden. meters. Spins are slender and scattered, up to 2 cm long. Flacourtia kinabaluensis Sleumer. A small shrub bearing purplish, sweetish fruit about the Flacourtia kirkii Burtt Davy. size of a small cherry, and is edible. Fruit of the plant is Flacourtia lanceolata Slooten. red or brown, dark pinky when ripe. Again its fruit has Flacourtia latifolia T.Cooke. a pleasant, subacid flavor when perfectly ripe, but the Flacourtia lenis Craib. unripe fruit is extremely astringent. The bark of F. Flacourtia lucida Salisb. sepiaria is yellowish-red thin. This tree yields an Flacourtia ludiifolia H.Perrier. antidote to snake-bites from an infusion of the leaves Flacourtia magallanensis Elmer. and roots: the bark triturated in sesamum oil is used as a Flacourtia megaphylla Ridl. liniment in rheumatism. However its allied species i.e., 90 Sanjeeb Kumar Patro et al., Sch. Acad. J. Pharm., 2013; 2(2):81-88 F. indica are given in jaundice and enlarged spleen. Dried leaves are used in asthma, bronchitis After child birth among the poor the seeds are grind to and hepatic disorders. powder with turmeric and rubbed all over the body to prevent rheumatic pains from exposure to damp winds. Edible uses : In India, fruits consumed as Gum is administered along with other ingredients in food by local people. cholera [7]. Useful parts : Leaves, barks and roots. : Fruit is astringent. Trees or shrubs, deciduous or rarely evergreen, : Dried leaves considered dioecious, rarely polygamous. Leaves alternate, rarely carminative, tonic and astringent. subopposite, usually petiolate, simple; stipules Mode of application : External / Internal. persistent or caducous. Catkins erect or pendulous; each flower usually with a cupular disc or 1 or 2(or 3) nectariferous glands. Male flowers with 2-many stamens; filaments filiform, free or united; to connate; THERAPEUTIC USES: anthers 2(or 4) -loculed, dehiscing longitudinally. The leaves and barks of F. sepiaria are used as Female flowers with 1 pistil, sessile or stipitate; ovary various disorders like liver disorder, rheumatoid superior, 1- or 2-loculed; ovules several to many, arthritis and treatment of gout. However, its allied anatropous, with a 1 integument; style