2021

A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTAL, GREEN MANURE, GAME COVER AND FORAGE SEEDS

www.openfield.co.uk Welcome 02 YOUR COUNTRYSIDE 2021 Contents NEW FOR 2021 A warm welcome to all RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT THE LATEST PRODUCTS Supporting who regularly receive All the species marketed by DLF Seeds Ltd. are trialled at our NEW UPDATES, VARIETIES & MIXTURES farmers to Gloucestershire site. In consultation with many of our customers, help their our spring catalogue we trial and evaluate many different types of products and and to those who are mixture prescriptions. We believe this is the most important Chemical Charts 24 & 25 local wildlife part of the process as we procure seed from more than a dozen NEW reading it for the first countries, so testing and evaluating performance under UK RECIPE Farm Wildlife provides farmers and advisers with conditions is vital. Our customers may rest assured that they best practice guidance on helping wildlife on their time, we hope you find Forage Maize 26 farms and inspiring them to take action. Farm Wildlife are dealing with a forward thinking company which invests guidance has been produced by a partnership of some it informative. heavily in R&D, majoring in forage crops but also focusing on 2021 of the UK’s leading conservation organisations and the many other crop species. Our Product, Species and Mixture of Colour Boost Mixtures 05 farmers they work with. Each year brings its own challenges the year have been carefully selected using customer feedback. to growers and this year has been no The 6 point plan to manage arable farms for wildlife Our main goal is to ensure that our customers receive the best provides advice on how to enhance: exception. After a difficult start to the possible product portfolio we can supply for the stewardship Legume Fallow Mixture Flower Rich 07 1. Existing habitats 2. Field boundaries year accompanied by increased pest schemes and the Your Countryside catalogue continues to offer pressures, growers are now faced with valuable technical information and advice on a diverse range 3. Flower-rich habitats 4. Wet features new further challenges due to Brexit. Our of game cover, environmental stewardship mixtures, root crops HerbMax Mixtures 08 5. Seed-rich habitats 6. Farmed areas diverse range of species and choice of and cover crops products. specialist mixtures can be found in our However, if you are unable to find exactly what you are looking comprehensive catalogue, which brings for within this catalogue, please contact your local technical Anglian Gold Kale 28 together Game Cover, Environmental expert who will be able to assist and advise you on your Stewardship, Roots and Cover Crops. specialist mixture. We hope you find Your Countryside Proteor 42 2021 a useful and informative guide. We gratefully acknowledge all photographic contributions.

WE WORK CLOSELY WITH: Natural England, RSPB, Campaign for the Farmed Promoting the restoration of wild plants and habitats for biodiversity, Environment, Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust, landscapes and people Bumblebee Conservation Trust and Floral Locale. www.floralocale.org For more information go to www.farmwildlife.info Welcome YOUR COUNTRYSIDE 2021 Contents 03

ENVIRONMENTAL GAME COVER CROPS FORAGE CROPS TAND TS IN U G O Countryside Stewardship Selector 04 Game Cover Selector 20 Forage Crop Selector 37 ★ ★ 2020 Nectar Rich Mixtures 05 Establishing Game Cover Crops 22 Turnips 38 PRODUCT Forage Rape 39 OF THE YEAR Solar Mixtures 05 Pests & Diseases in Brassicas and Maize 23 Flower Rich Margins 06 Fodder Beet 40 Game Cover Chemicals 24 Buffer Strip Mixtures 07 Swedes 41 Legume & Herb Rich Mixtures 08 Maize Herbicides 25 Kale 42 LEGUME FALLOW MIXTURE WITH GRASS (AB15) SEE PAGE 07 Fallow Mixtures 08 Forage Maize 26 Root Mixtures & Arable Silage 43 Herb & Legumes 09 Game Maize 27 Wild Bird Seed Mixtures 10 Kale 28 ORGANIC SEEDS TAND TS IN U G Scottish Rural Development Programme 12 Nectar Rich Mixtures 05 O Brassicas 29 ★ Basic Payment Scheme - Scotland 13 Wild Bird Seed Mixtures 10 ★ 2020 Sorghums 30 PRODUCT Glastir Welsh Environmental Scheme 14 Green Manuring Crops 17 OF THE YEAR Millets 31 Game Cover Selector 20 Game Cover Crops 32 Game Cover Crops 32 BIOGAS Game Cover Mixtures 35 Arable Silage 43 WBS 4 1 YEAR SPRING SOWN (AB9) Biogas Crops 15 SEE PAGE 10 ICON GUIDE

GREEN MANURING TAND TS IN U G O Green Manuring 16 ★ ★ 2020 Green Manuring Selector 17 PRODUCT Green Manuring Crops 18 COVER FEED NECTAR LIFTING CATTLE GRAZING SHEEP GRAZING CULINARY USE OF THE YEAR Green Manuring Mixtures 19 DISCLAIMER Any information provided in this catalogue is given in good faith and to the best of our existing knowledge. Any advice should therefore be taken as a general guide only and not relied upon for all conditions and circumstances. We cannot accept any legal liability for information given in this guide. In any instance where there are shortages of BANGOR FODDER BEET specified species we reserve the right to substitute equivalent species. SEE PAGE 40 STEWARDSHIP SELECTOR 04 under Higher Level Stewardship Scheme and Countryside StewardshipScheme. under HigherLevelStewardshipSchemeandCountryside arealsoavailable LevelStewardshipselectorwithoptionsthat Entry Countryside StewardshipSelector Countryside Options for grassland outside the severely disadvantaged areas(SDAs) Options forgrasslandoutside theseverelydisadvantaged Options toprotectsoilandwater a rangeofcroptypes Options toencourage Options forarableland Options forbufferstrips Options fortreesandwoodland Wetlands and Water Soil Organic Grassland Arable CSS HigherTier ELS Code EK21 EK20 EC24 EE12 EF22 EJ13 EJ10 EG1 EE1 EE2 EE3 EE8 EE9 EF7 EF6 EF4 EF2 EF1 EJ9 EJ5 EJ2 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ CSS MidTier HLS Code HE10 HF12 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Countryside StewardshipSchemeDescription Countryside CSS Code Code* AB16 AB15 AB13 OK21 OK20 GS14 OELS OE12 OJ13 SW8 SW7 SW6 SW5 SW4 SW3 SW2 SW1 WT2 WT1 AB9 AB8 AB7 AB3 AB2 AB1 OG1 GS8 OP5 OP4 OP2 OP1 GS4 GS3 GS1 OE1 OE2 OE3 OE8 OE9 OF7 OF6 OF4 OF2 OF1 OJ9 OJ5 OJ2 ELS &HLSDescription Creation ofgrasslandfortargetfeatures Management ofintensivegrasslandadjacenttoawatercourse Arable reversiontograsslandwithlowfertiliserinput crops Winter cover Enhanced managementofmaizecrops 12-24m watercoursebufferstriponcultivated land In-field grassstrips Creation ofspecies-richgrassland Extended overwintered stubble Extended overwintered Enhanced wildbirdseedmixplots(rotationalornon-rotational) Beetle banks Overwintered stubble Nectar flowermixture Wild birdseedmixture Management offieldcorners Enhanced mgmt. ofmaizecropstoreducesoilerosion&runoff 12m bufferstripsforwatercoursesonculitvated land. In-field grassareastopreventerosionandrun-off Management ofmaizecropstoreducesoilerosion Winter cover crops Winter cover Legume andherb-richswards Ryegrass seed-setaswinter/ springfoodforbirds 2m Bufferstripsoncultivated land Hedgerow treebufferstripsoncultivated land 4m Bufferstripsoncultivated land 6m Bufferstripsoncultivated land Buffering in-fieldpondsinarableland Supplement toaddwildflowersfieldcorners&bufferstrips Floristically enhancedgrassbufferstrips(non-rotational) 6m bufferstripsonintensivegrasslandnext toawatercourse Buffering in-fieldpondsandditchesinarableland grassland Buffering in-fieldpondsandditchesinimproved 4-6m bufferstriponintensivegrassland 4-6m bufferstriponcultivated land Undersown cereal Multi-species ley Wild birdseedmixture Overwintered stubble Legume andherb-richswards Ryegrass seed-setaswinterfoodforbirds Take fieldcornersoutofmanagement Autumn sownbumblebirdmix Two yearsownlegumefallow Brassica foddercrop Winter birdfood Flower-rich margins&plots Wholecrop cereals Beetle banks stubble Basic overwinter Nectar flowermixture Under sownspringcereals ELS &HLSDescription CSS OptionTitle

Key: Selector

Mixture

egume & Fallow & egume L

Kale Margin Mixture Margin lower Rich Rich lower

F F

orage Rape Bronze Rich Nectar

Swedes N & Gold Rich ectar E C

LS S C Stubble Turnips S Grass with

H P

S

L Winter Graze Nectar & ollen S

S

F1

Rapid Root W

C

C

A

Zoom

B15 GS8 SW1 SW2 SW3

Bumblebee Mix Bumblebee

utterfly and utterfly B

SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW7 SW4 SW3 SW2 SW1 B8 GS8 WT1 WT2 WT1 GS8 B8 A

A

WBS 1, 2, 3, 4 GS14 GS8 GS4 GS1 B3

SW4 WT1 WT2 Cocksfoot

GM 1 with with 1 GM B

AB13 AB13 AB13

Northern WBS 1 AB13

AB13 RC + Cocksfoot

B1 A

GM 1 with with 1 GM B

B8 GS8 GS14 GS8 B8 AB13 A

If youwould like further advicepleasecontactyourlocalNatural England Advisor. DISCLAIMER: provided inthistableisgivengoodfaith andtothebestofourknowledge.Any information

EE1 EE2 EE3 EE7 EE8 EE9

B3 SW1 SW2 SW3 SW3 SW2 SW1 B3 AB13 A

Feed & Cover Mix SW8 SW7 SW4

EE8 EE9 EE12 EF1 EE12 EE9 EE8 E

E

WT1 WT2 WT1

C24 EE1 EE2 EE3 EE3 EE2 EE1 C24

AB9 EF1 EE9 EE8 EE3 C24 Cocksfoot

SW3 SW4 SW7 SW8 SW8 SW7 SW4 SW3 GM 2 no no 2 GM B

B3 GS1 SW1 SW2 SW2 SW1 GS1 B3 A

AB9 WT2 WT1

E

C24

E

P E

artridge Mix E C24 EE1 EE2 EE3 EE8 EE8 EE3 EE2 EE1 C24 E12 HE10 E12 F4 Cocksfoot + RC + Cocksfoot

B3 SW1 SW2 SW3 SW3 SW2 SW1 B3 A

SW4 SW7 SW8 SW7 SW4

E

GM 2 no no 2 GM B

F1 HE10 F1

AB9 EJ9 EF7 EE9

EC24 EE1 EE2 EE3 EE8 EE8 EE3 EE2 EE1 EC24

SW4 SW7 SW8 WT1 WT1 SW8 SW7 SW4

B

E r a

F2 s

s EE9 EJ9 EJ9 EE9

Clover i

B3 SW1 SW2 SW3 SW3 SW2 SW1 B3 A c

N E

e EE8 EE3 EE2 EE1 C24

a

AB9 cta WT2

WBA 2 s r S

Ri & Cocksfoot

EE9 EF7 EE9

e Mixtu ch

e

r with 3 BGM

e E

C24 EE1 EE2 EE3 EE8 EE8 EE3 EE2 EE1 C24

d s WT2 WT1 SW8 W

SW2 SW3 SW4 SW7 SW7 SW4 SW3 SW2

M

i

AB16 EE9

B3 GS1 GS14 SW1 SW1 GS14 GS1 B3 A

l Stewardship

d

i

E

C24 EE1 EE2 EE3 EE9 EE3 EE2 EE1 C24

x

B

t Selector

Bespoke mix Scheme u

EJ13 i

r

r

packed to order d B e Higher Tier The BGM 4 with

u AB8 GS8 GS14 SW1

HF12 s EC24 EE1 EE2 EE3 EE9 f

OJ5 OJ9 OJ13 OK20 OK21 OK20 OJ13 OJ9 OJ5 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW7 Wildflowers

f

requirements EE12 EF1 e

OE12 OF1 OF7 OG1 OJ2 OJ2 OG1 OF7 OF1 OE12 SW8 WT1 WT2

O r

O

E1 OE2 OE3 OE8 OE9 OE9 OE8 OE3 OE2 E1 E C24 EK20 EE1 EE2 EE3 P4 O

to your your to r S EE7 EE8 EE9

g t GS3 SW1 SW2 SW3

mix tailored tailored mix

a r

i E SW4

n p C24 EE1 EE2 EE3 EE9

sk for special special for sk A BGM 5 with

s EF7 EJ9

O i

F4 c

s EE1 EE2 EE3 EE9 EK21 AB3 SW1 SW2 SW3 Ryegrass P5

O EC24 SW4 SW7 SW8 WT1

O

F2 EC24 EE1 EE2 EE3 EE9 EF1 WT2

Dual Purpose Dual C E OrganoMax 70% OrganoMax E1 EE2 EE3 EE9 o EK21 EC24 GS1 GS4 GS14 SW1 Species Rich

ve SW2 SW3 SW4 SW7

E r C

F6 EF22 F6 rops SW8 WT1 WT2 EJ10 EJ13 EJ10 E

K20 EJ2 EJ10 Grass EJ10 EJ13 EJ10 E AB8 GS8 GS14 SW1

G1 HE10

EJ10 EJ13 EJ10 E SW2 SW3 SW4 SW7

EJ10 EJ13 EJ10 B9 OP2 B9

A J2 EJ5 EK20 SW8 WT1 WT2

EJ10 EJ13 EJ10 E

EJ13 E E

F6 EF22 EJ10 EJ13 Flower Mix Flower F6 EF22

F6 EF22 EJ10 EJ13 GS1 GS4 GS14 SW1 Herbal Meadow rganic Nectar Nectar rganic O SW2 SW3 SW4 SW7

SW8 WT1 WT2 P1 OP2 P1

O SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW7 SW8 WT1 WT2

5% or 10% or 15%

Organic Wild Bird Bird Wild Organic SRG with

Seed Mix Seed W5 SW6 W5

S GS3 Wildflowers

Higher Tier

W5 SW6 W5 S Legume & Herb

rganic Mustard rganic O

W5 SW6 W5 S GS3 Rich Mixture &

Herbal Meadow

B7 A AB7

AB2 AB7

AB2 AB7 AB2 AB7

Meadow Max Spring Oilseed Oilseed Spring Italian Catch Crop

Rape Bespoke Mixture

Packed to Order

-Hance N Brochure for more

grass alternativesSee ForageMax

evival R

Arable Silage

F -Rich N

odder Radish F

orage Rye orage Mixtures arley

B Mustard

Kwik Fix V ©DLF seeds and science 2019 etch

* Use only organic seed mixes on OELS-eligible land. Where this is not possible, you must contact your Organic Inspection body for a derogation. “Pro Flora 1 Flowers Only, provided a fantastic show of colour from July to October. The all native annual mixture has produced an abundance of nectar, attracting many species of pollinators and invertebrates.” Eamon McAllister, Portglenone, Co. Antrim. Nectar Rich Mixtures 05 ENVIRONMENTAL

NECTAR RICH MIXTURES NATIVE WILDFLOWER 1 Cornfield Annuals (N) 2 Acid Soils (N) Butterfly & Bumblebee Mixture (AB8) WF1 (AB1) Nectar Rich Bronze (AB1) Nectar Rich Gold (AB1) MIXTURES 3 Damp Loamy Soils (N) 15% Creeping Red Fescue 42% Sainfoin 45% Sainfoin 40% Sainfoin Our range of Pro 4 Calcareous Soils (N) 15% SSMG 10% Birdsfoot Trefoil 25% Winter Vetch 18% Winter Vetch Flora Wild Flower 5 Wet Loamy Soils (N) 10% Browntop Bent 8% Winter Vetch 8% Red Clover 10% Alsike Clover mixtures will cater 6 Dry Loamy Soils (N) 10% Hard Fescue 7.5% Birdsfoot Trefoil 10% Red Clover for most situations. 7 Hedgerow & Light Shade (N) 10% Sheeps Fescue 7% Alsike Clover 7% Alsike Clover 10% Birdsfoot Trefoil We are always 8 Legacy Country Meadow (N) 7% Lucerne (inoculated) 7% Red Clover 10% Lucerne (inoculated) pleased to advise

4% Crimson Clover Pro Flora 9 Heritage General Purpose (N) 5% Yorkshire Fog 6% Yarrow 3% Lucerne (inoculated) 1.5% Musk Mallow upon and produce 10 General Purpose (N) 4.5% Hairy Vetch 5% Lucerne (inoculated) 0.5% Yarrow mixtures to 4% Birdsfoot Trefoil 0.25% Oxeye Daisy 11 Woodland & Heavy Shade (N) 2.25% Crimson Clover suit individual 4% Kidney Vetch (N) 0.25% Wild Carrot 100% specifications. 12 Water Margin & Pond Edges (N) 2% Black Medick 4% Alsike Clover 100% Sowing rate 10 - 15kg /ha Contact 13 Species Rich Lawn & Landscape (N) 2% Oxeye Daisy Pack size 12kg us for more View the online 14 Tall Herb & Tussock (N) 2% Tufted Hairgrass Sowing rate 10 - 15kg/ha 1.5% Ribwort Plantain 1.5% Corn Cockle (N) information digital brochure 110 General Purpose Economy (N) Pack size 12kg 1% Agrimony (N) 1.25% Musk Mallow www.bit.ly/33sCi74 Pack size 1kg 1% Phacelia 1.25% Wild Carrot ORGANIC MIXTURE 1% Red Campion (N) 1% Red Campion (N) Annual Nectar Mixture Organic Nectar Flower Mixture 1% Musk Mallow 25% Buckwheat COLOUR BOOST A range of 100% wildflower mixtures providing colourful 1% White Campion (N) 1% Selfheal 32.5% Organic Vetch flowers, essential food source and habitat for many 22% Sainfoin 0.75% Oxeye Daisy 0.75% Cornflower (N) 27.5% Organic Lucerne (inoculated) RANGE pollinating insects. 20% Phacelia 0.5% Black Knapweed 0.5% Corn Marigold (N) 18% Sainfoin NEW 10% Crimson Clover RECIPECOLOUR BOOST 1 COLOUR BOOST 2 COLOUR BOOST 3 0.5% Field Scabious 0.5% Field Poppy (N) 6% Organic Red Clover 0.5% Selfheal 10% Lucerne (inoculated) 6% Birdsfoot Trefoil High Impact6 Annuals High Impact High Impact Perennials 0.5% Salad Burnet (N) 201 0.5% Wild Carrot 7% Red Clover 6% Alsike Clover Quick to establish, long Low-Grow Annuals Seasonal Perennial mixture, 0.5% White Campion (N) 0.25% Field Pansy (N) 6% Alsike Clover 4% Organic Crimson Clover flowering period, from Low growing mixture. comprising 90% perennial 8 weeks to first frost. 100% Dwarf flower mixture. species and 10% annual species. 100% 100% 100% 100% Sowing Rate 3-5gm/m2 Sowing Rate 3-5gm/m2 Sowing Rate 3-5gm/m2 Sowing rate 16kg/ha Sowing rate 5 - 10kg/ha Sowing rate 10kg /ha Sowing rate 10 - 15kg/ha Pack size 1kg Pack size 1kg Pack size 5kg Pack size 10kg COLOUR BOOST 4 COLOUR BOOST 5 COLOUR BOOST 6 Roses and Reds Annuals Summer Yellows Annuals Summer Chameleon Annuals (N) = UK Native Seed Our range of Solar Mixtures will cater for most situations. SOLAR We are always pleased to advise. Please call for more Designed to flower from late Mix of Yellows flowering from 40 species constantly changing DLF Seeds Ltd. is a leading supplier of native provenance wild flowers. Spring through to Autumn. late Spring well into Autumn. throughout the growing season. We liaise with selected producers and growers to ensure our seed is MIXTURES information. Specialised mixtures to suit individual sourced to the highest possible standard. requirements can be arranged. Sowing Rate 3-5gm/m2 Sowing Rate 3-5gm/m2 Sowing Rate 3-5gm/m2 Flower Rich Grass Margins provide important habitat for invertebrates and birds

ENVIRONMENTAL 06 Flower Rich Margins Buffer Strip Mixtures

FLOWER RICH MARGINS Bumblebee Conservation Trust SPECIES RICH WILD FLOWERS MIXTURES supporting wild pollinators on Pollen & Nectar BGM 4 with Wildflowers Flower Rich your land Species-Rich Wild Flowers with Grass (GS4) & Fine Grasses (AB8) Margin Mixture (AB8) (SRWF)* Native 15% SSMG 30% Creeping Red Fescue 25% Slender Red Fescue 20% Selfheal (N) 10% Cocksfoot 22% SSMG 25% SSMG 10% Birdsfoot Trefoil (N) 10% Festulolium 20% Chewings Fescue 12% Chewings Fescue 10% Black Medick (N) 10% Red Clover 10% Hard Fescue 10% Crested Dogstail 10% Ribwort Plantain (N) 10% Sainfoin 4% Sainfoin 5% Hard Fescue 8% Black Knapweed (N) 10% Timothy 4% Crested Dogstail 3.5% Winter Vetch Bumblebees and solitary bees are very 8% Oxeye Daisy (N) 8% Birdsfoot Trefoil 3% Winter Vetch 3.25% Sainfoin important pollinators of both commercial 8% Yellow Rattle (N) 6% Winter Vetch 2% Browntop Bent 3% Browntop Bent agricultural crops and wild flowers. Many UK 6% Red Campion (N) 5% Creeping Red Fescue 1.4% Red Clover 2.5% Birdsfoot Trefoil species have declined in recent years due to 5% Tall Fescue 1% Alsike Clover 2% Black Medick habitat loss. Bumblebees rely on flower rich 5% White Campion (N) 5% Tall Oat Grass 0.5% Birdsfoot Trefoil 2% Red Clover habitats from March to September to provide 4% Yarrow (N) 3% Alsike Clover 0.5% Black Medick 1.25% Oxeye Daisy essential nectar resources for colony growth. 3% Lady's Bedstraw (N) 2% Black Medick 0.4% Yarrow 1.20% Wild Carrot They also require undisturbed tussocky 3% Ragged Robin (N) 0.3% Musk Mallow 0.4% Oxeye Daisy 1.20% Yarrow grassland for nesting. 3% Red Clover (N) 0.3% Oxeye Daisy 0.3% Wild Carrot 1% Red Campion (N) 2% Sorrel (N) 0.2% Selfheal 0.25% Ribwort Plantain 1% Ribwort Plantain There are a number of ways these habitats 0.15% Yarrow 0.25% Sheeps Burnet 0.5% Musk Mallow can be provided on arable and livestock farms, 100% including planting pollen and nectar margins 0.05% Sheeps Burnet 100% 0.25% Selfheal Pack size 1kg 0.25% Lady's Bedstraw or wildflower buffer strips and implementing 100% Sowing rate 16 - 20kg/ha 0.1% Salad Burnet (N) a more sensitive management regime; no/ Sowing rate 20kg/ha Pack size 20kg very light application of farm-yard manure, no Pack size 10kg 100% chemical fertilizers, taking a late hay cut (Mid- Sowing rate 16 - 20kg/ha July to August) allowing wildflowers to set Species-Rich Grass (SRG)* DISCLAIMER: In any instances where there are shortages of specified Pack size 10kg & 20kg seed and adopting a sensitive grazing regime. 20% SSMG species we reserve the right to substitute equivalent species. 20% Creeping Red Fescue Details on how you may improve your land for bumblebees and other pollinators can 20% Browntop Bent * Species-Rich Grass & Species-Rich Wild Flowers are available be found in our series of land management 10% Meadow Fescue separately or as a mixture of grasses (SRG) & flowers (SRWF) fact sheets: www.bumblebeeconservation. 10% Sheeps Fescue together in the following ratios: org/get-involved.We can also offer tailored 10% Hard Fescue advice in our target areas. 10% Crested Dogstail 95% SRG with 5% SRWF Please contact 100% 90% SRG with 10% SRWF Sowing Rate 16kg/ha [email protected] Pack size 20kg 85% SRG with 15% SRWF Pack size 20kg Flower Rich Margins Buffer Strip Mixtures 07 ENVIRONMENTAL

BUFFER STRIPS MIXTURES FALLOW MIXTURES BGM 1 with Cocksfoot BGM 2 no Cocksfoot BGM 3 with Cocksfoot and Clover Legume Fallow Mixture Flower Rich TAND 30% Creeping Red Fescue 25% Creeping Red Fescue 25% Creeping Red Fescue TS IN (AB15) 2 Year U G O 20% SSMG 20% Chewings Fescue 20% Tall Fescue ★ Agreements starting on or after 20% Tall Fescue 20% SSMG 15% Cocksfoot ★ 2020 1st Jan 2021 15% Cocksfoot 20% Tall Fescue 15% SSMG PRODUCT NEW FOR OF THE YEAR 50% Winter Vetch 15% Timothy 15% Timothy 15% Timothy 15% Lucerne 2021 Fallow Mixture No.1 5% Birdsfoot Trefoil 100% 100% 15% Red Clover 50% Late Perennial Ryegrass (T) 5% Small White Clover Sowing rate 20kg/ha Sowing rate 20kg/ha 10% Alsike Clover 35% Late Perennial Ryegrass (D) Pack size 20kg Pack size 20kg 100% 5% Birdsfoot Trefoil NEW RECIPE 10% Timothy Sowing rate 20kg/ha 5% Black Medick 2021 5% White Clover Blend Pack size 20kg 100% 100% Sowing rate 15 - 20kg/ha BGM 1 RC Red Clover BGM 2 RC Red Clover Pack size 20kg Sowing rate 30 - 35 kg/ha and Cocksfoot no Cocksfoot Legume Fallow Mixture 25% Creeping Red Fescue 25% Creeping Red Fescue BGM 5 with Ryegrass (GS3) with Grass (AB15) 2 Year Fallow Mixture No.2 20% SSMG 20% Chewings Fescue Ryegrass seed set as winter food Agreements starting on or before 20% Tall Fescue 20% SSMG for birds 1st Jan 2020 50% Late Perennial Ryegrass (T) 15% Timothy 15% Tall Fescue 40% Italian Ryegrass 66% Late Perennial Ryegrass 40% Late Perennial Ryegrass (D) 15% Cocksfoot 15% Timothy 30% Inter. Perennial Ryegrass 15% Red Clover 10% Timothy 5% Red Clover 5% Red Clover 30% Late Perennial Ryegrass 10% Winter Vetch 7% Birdsfoot Trefoil 100% 100% 100% 100% 1% Yarrow Sowing rate 30 - 35 kg/ha Sowing rate 20kg/ha Sowing rate 20kg/ha Sowing rate 35kg/ha 1% Oxeye Daisy Pack size 20kg Pack size 20kg Pack size 20kg 100% Fallow Mixture No.3 Sowing rate 30 - 40kg/ha 55% Late Perennial Ryegrass (T) Pack size 20kg 40% Late Perennial Ryegrass (D) OUTSTANDING 5% White Clover Blend PRODUCT OF THE YEAR 100% (N) = UK Native Seed Everyone’s Sowing rate 30 - 35 kg/ha DLF Seeds Ltd. is a leading supplier of native provenance wild flowers. We liaise with selected producers and growers to ensure our seed is sourced to the highest possible standard. talking about it! Pack size 20kg Legume & Herb Rich Mixtures provide reliable forage & beneficial pollinators & improve soil structure

ENVIRONMENTAL 08 Legume & Herb Rich Mixtures Herbs and Legumes

NEW FOR Legume and herb-rich mixtures 2021 provide an abundance of productive HERBAL MIXTURES NITROGEN FIXING grazing for livestock whilst Legume & Herb Rich Mixture (GS4) Herbal Meadow (GS4) Mixed Herbs Rapid Gain Mixture MIXTURES providing habitat and food source 25% Late Perennial Ryegrass 27% Late Perennial Ryegrass 26% Sainfoin NEW 49% Late Perennial Ryegrass (T) for invertebrates and pollinators, 20% Festulolium 20% Festulolium 23% Sheeps Burnet RECIPE 20% Perennial Chicory EFA Nitrogen Rich Mixture 11% Timothy 20% Ribwort Plantain 2021 15% Red Clover supporting biodiversity. 15% Timothy 76% Winter Vetch 10% SSMG 10% Red Clover 15% Sheeps Parsley 10% White Clover 12% Crimson Clover 10% Creeping Red Fescue 10% SSMG 13% Chicory 6% Ribwort Plantain Herbal leys develop a beneficial soil 7% Cocksfoot 3% Yarrow 12% Red Clover structure through the increase of organic 10% Red Clover 5% Lucerne (inoculated) 100% 100% 100% 5.6% Sainfoin 4.5% Sainfoin Sowing rate 20kg/ha matter due to the variety of species used 1.43% Lucerne (inoculated) Sowing rate 32 -35 kg/ha and the length of time they are in the soil. 2% Birdsfoot Trefoil Sowing rate Variable Pack size 20kg 1% Birdsfoot Trefoil 1% Fenugreek Pack size 1kg & 5kg Pack size 20kg Grasses offer the reliable bulk forage 1% Sheeps Burnet 1% Perennial Chicory Gromore Mixture in these mixtures. These leys replace 0.5% Ribwort Plantain 0.7% Ribwort Plantain 35% Late Perennial Ryegrass (T) EFA Nitrogen Fixing Ley 0.25% Yarrow 0.5% Sheeps Burnet 30% Ribwort Plantain organic matter lost through rotation and 52% Red Clover also supply a valuable forage crop for 0.2% Sheeps Parsley 0.25% Yarrow 20% Red Clover 0.02% Wild Carrot 0.05% Sheeps Parsley 15% White clover 30% Late Perennial Ryegrass (T) livestock grazing or cut for silage. 18% Late Perennial Ryegrass (D) 100% 100% 100% The Nitrogen fixing ability of legumes, 100% Sowing rate 32 - 37kg/ha Sowing rate 30 - 35kg/ha Sowing rate 20kg/ha reduces the need for artificial fertilisers, Pack size 20kg Pack size 20kg Pack size 20kg Sowing rate 22 - 25kg/ ha as well as increasing the protein content Pack size 20kg which directly enhances DLWG or milk Organic multi species mixture HerbMax 1 Light Land HerbMax 2 Medium to Heavy Land HerbMax 3 Conserve & Graze production. Deep rooting herbs break OP4 available on request 20% Cocksfoot 16% Late Perennial Ryegrass 20% Lofa Hybrid 15% Fojtan Tall Fescue Plus™ 15% Intermediate Perennial Ryegrass Ryegrass Plus™ through damaged soil structure providing 15% Sainfoin 14% Timothy 18% Late Perennial Ryegrass livestock with access to vital nutrients 10% Timothy 12% Fojtan Tall Fescue Plus™ 16% Intermediate Perennial and minerals. Herbs act as a natural 10% Intermediate Perennial Ryegrass 8% Cocksfoot Ryegrass anthelmintic, reducing reliance on 6% Sheeps Burnet 6% Meadow Fescue 14% Timothy wormers. 5% Lucerne (inoculated) 6% Red Clover Blend 8% Chicory 5% Red Clover Blend 6% Sheeps Burnet 8% Cocksfoot 4% Ribwort Plantain 4.5% Ribwort Plantain 6% Red Clover Blend 3% Birdsfoot Trefoil 4% Dual Purpose White Clover Blend 4% Plantain 2.5% Dual Purpose White Clover Blend 3.5% Birdsfoot Trefoil 4% Dual Purpose DISCLAIMER: Stock should be introduced 2.5% Alsike Clover 3% Alsike Clover White Clover Blend gradually over a two week period and 2% Sheeps Parsley 2% Sheeps Parsley 2% Alsike Clover an area of grassland should be available 100% 100% 100% for animals to return to; water and hay or straw should also be made available. Please Sowing rate 32kg/ha Sowing rate 35kg/ha Sowing rate 30kg/ha contact your supplier for further guidance. Pack size 10kg Pack size 10kg Pack size 10kg Legume & Herb Rich Mixtures Herbs and Legumes 09 ENVIRONMENTAL

PLANTAIN SHEEPS BURNET SAINFOIN BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL A perennial herb providing a high mineral forage with a crude A perennial herb which helps to provide a long grazing Sainfoin acts as a natural anthelmintic and the condensed A nitrogen-fixing, anthelmintic species which helps boost protein content of around 20%. Plantain provides all-year season attributable to its early spring growth. A well- tannins this legume contains aids protein absorption thus soil fertility. Like Sainfoin, this species contains tannins to round grazing, even in drought conditions. Often mixed with established taproot improves drought tolerance within a improving feed conversion efficiency by livestock. Unlike support the absorption of protein by both sheep and cattle. other herbs, this species provides well tillered plants in high sward whilst aiding the supply of vital trace elements to other species, Sainfoin will not cause bloat in livestock Birdsfoot Trefoil is continually included in diverse mixtures density mixtures that will complement the grazing system. livestock. and as little as 10% in a sward will offset the risk of bloat owing to its contribution of beneficial properties both above Pack size 1kg & 25kg Pack size 1kg & 25kg created from other legumes. Best suited to light soils, and below the soil surface. the deep rooting system of Sainfoin provides a drought- Pack size 1kg & 25kg resistant forage that requires no nitrogen fertiliser and little phosphate. This legume prefers alkaline soils and although SHEEPS PARSLEY slow to establish, it is a persistent species. Sainfoin also Often mixed with other forage herbs, this species has a increases biodiversity by attracting an abundance of insects deep taproot that is able to lift trace elements from great and invertebrates, especially pollinators. soil depths whilst also aiding drought tolerance. Recognised Sowing rate 85-90 kg/ha for its high iron content along with vitamins A and C, Sheeps Pack size 1kg & 25kg Parsley can prove a valuable addition to grazing swards. Organic seed available in 25kg packs Pack size 1kg

YARROW A forage herb with a very deep rooting structure that has been noted to improve circulation and blood flow in livestock. Yarrow is commonly mixed with Sheeps Parsley, Burnet and CHICORY Plantain although due its it minute seed size, should only be LUCERNE A mineral-rich herb with a long taproot which infiltrates the included at a low rate to ensure that it does not dominate the sward. A persistent, perennial legume that performs particularly soil to a great depth and can break through soil compaction. RED CLOVER Chicory is a high protein, anthelmintic species that lifts trace Pack size 1kg well on light, drought prone soils due to its deep, penetrating elements from within the soil profile that are then made root system. The roots improve soil structure and aid fertility A high protein, nitrogen-fixing forage legume that can be available for intake by livestock. This highly productive by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. Above the soil surface, grown on almost all soil types. When grown as part of a species is especially good for fattening lambs. If not well Lucerne produces a high protein, palatable forage crop that mixture, clover greatly increases the forage yield for both managed, chicory can become tall and woody therefore is an excellent accompaniment to energy feeds in a ration. grazing and cutting. good management is essential to maintain feed quality. Pack size 25kg Pack size 1kg & 25kg Pack size 2kg & 25kg Organic seed available in 25kg packs Organic seed available in 25kg packs “This bespoke mixture provides high levels of insect activity (biodiversity) and benefits to wildlife along with a large quantity of nutritious seed for the birds. I like an open game cover that not only holds the birds but also allows them to move freely." Tom Carter, North Dorset

ENVIRONMENTAL 10 Wild Bird Seed Mixtures Wild Bird Seed Mixtures

SPRING SOWN MIXTURES WBS 1 (AB9) 1 Year Spring Sown WBS 2 (AB9) 1 - 2 Year Spring Sown WBS 3 (AB9) 1 Year Spring Sown WBS 4 (AB9) 1 Year Spring Sown Feed & Cover Mixture (AB9) TAND Attracts Tree Sparrows Attracts Grey Partridge Attracts Finches & Buntings Attracts Finches & Buntings TS IN 25% Spring Triticale U G O 45% Spring Triticale 45% Spring Triticale 50% Spring Triticale 45% Spring Triticale ★ 24% Spring Barley 30% Spring Barley 20% Spring Barley 15% Spring Barley 25% Spring Barley ★ 2020 24% Spring Wheat 15% Spring Wheat 15% Spring Wheat 15% Spring Wheat 8.5% Dwarf Sorghum PRODUCT 7% Dwarf Sorghum OF THE YEAR 5% White Millet 7% Kale 8% White Mustard 7% White Millet 6% White Millet 3% Fodder Radish 4% Fodder Radish 7% Linseed 5% Linseed 5% Linseed 2% Red Millet 4% White Millet 5% Forage Rape 4% Japanese Reed Millet 3% Japanese Reed Millet 100% 3% Quinoa 100% 3% Red Millet WBS 4 - Herbicide 2.5% Red Millet 2% Red Millet 2.5% Gold of Pleasure tolerant, but please 2.5% Gold of Pleasure Sowing rate 40kg/ha Sowing rate 40kg/ha discuss with your 100% 100% agronomist for 1% Quinoa Pack size 20kg Pack size 20kg current specific 100% Sowing rate 40kg/ha Sowing rate 40kg/ha products and Pack size 20kg Pack size 20kg recommendations. Sowing rate 40kg/ha Pack size 20kg OUTSTANDING PRODUCT OF THE YEAR Everyone’s talking about it!

ORGANIC WILD BIRD SEED MIXTURE 1 ORGANIC WILD BIRD SEED MIXTURE 2 1 Year Spring Sown (OP2) 1 - 2 Year Spring Sown (OP2) 35% Organic Spring Wheat 35% Organic Spring Wheat 35% Organic Spring Barley 35% Organic Spring Barley 20% Spring Triticale 10% Spring Triticale For Higher Tier & HLS these mixtures 5% White Millet 7% Kale must be agreed with the local Natural 3% Fodder Radish 4% Fodder Radish England Advisor before ordering seed. 2% Red Millet 4% White Millet 100% 3% Quinoa Bespoke mixtures can be packed to 2% Red Millet order. Sowing rate 40kg/ha Pack size 20kg 100%

Treatment Some species may be treated Sowing rate 40kg/ha Pack size 20kg Wild Bird Seed mixtures provide important food resources for farmland birds & insects

Wild Bird Seed Mixtures Wild Bird Seed Mixtures 11 ENVIRONMENTAL

NORTHERN SPRING SOWN MIXTURES AUTUMN SOWN MIXTURES Partridge Mixture (AB9) Northern Shot Mixture Northern WBS 1 (AB9) Northern WBS 2 WBA 1 40% Spring Barley 35% Spring Triticale 1 Year Spring Sown 2 Year Spring Sown (AB16) 1 Year Autumn Sown 30% Spring Triticale 25% Spring Barley 60% Spring Triticale 50% Spring Triticale 25% Winter Triticale 15% Linseed 20% Spring Wheat 20% Spring Barley 10% Spring Barley 25% Winter Wheat 20% Winter Barley 10% Spring Oats 10% Kale 8% Linseed 10% Spring Wheat 6% Vetch 4% Gold of Pleasure 5% Hybrid Brassica 4% White Mustard 7% Kale 5% Fodder Radish 1% Kale 2% Perennial Chicory 4% Forage Rape 7% Quinoa 5% Forage Rape 2% Yellow Blossom Clover 2% Phacelia 7% Fodder Radish 3% Gold of Pleasure 100% 3% Lucerne (inoculated) 1% Green Fennel 2% Fodder Radish 4% Yellow Blossom Clover 2% Alsike Clover Sowing rate 62kg/ha 100% 100% 3% Green Fennel 2% Birdsfoot Trefoil Pack size 25kg 2% Red Clover 2% Crimson Clover Sowing rate 50 - 60kg/ha Sowing rate 40kg/ha 2% Red Clover 100% Pack size 20kg Pack size 20kg 100% Sowing rate 40kg/ha Sowing rate 40 - 50kg/ha Pack size 20kg Pack size 20kg Northern Star Game Mixture 34% Spring Beans WBA 2 Autumn Sown Bumblebird Mixture 30% Spring Triticale NON CEREAL MIXTURES (AB16) 2 Year Autumn Sown 20% Spring Wheat Northern WBS 2 Farmland (Wild) Bird Seed Mixture 25% Winter Triticale 5% Forage Rape 15% Winter Barley 5% Kale Non Cereal Non Cereal 15% Winter Wheat 2% Gold of Pleasure 23% Kale 45% Linseed 8% Fodder Radish 2% Quinoa 23% Quinoa 25% Buckwheat 6% Winter Vetch 23% Fodder Radish 17% Fodder Radish 5.3% Gold of Pleasure 2% Yellow Blossom Clover 5% Birdsfoot Trefoil 14% Yellow Blossom Clover 10% White Millet 100% 5% Lucerne (inoculated) 10% Green Fennel 3% Phacelia 5% Crimson Clover Sowing rate 50kg/ha 7% Red Clover 100% 5% Kale 2.5% Red Clover Pack size 20kg 100% Sowing rate 20kg/ha 2% Phacelia Treatment Some species may be treated 0.4% Oxeye Daisy Sowing rate 12kg/ha Pack size 10kg 0.4% Wild Carrot Other mixtures Pack size 10kg 0.4% Yarrow Decoy Mixture – pg 35 that also may be 100% Northern Star Game Mixture suitable for AB9: Broadshot – pg 35 The small seed element of Northern WBS2 and Farmland (Wild) Bird Seed Mixture without cereals have been formulated for those who have access to home grown cereals. Sowing rate 40 - 50kg/ha Pack size 20kg Scottish Rural Development BPS Scotland - Greening

ENVIRONMENTAL 12 Agri-Environment Climate Scheme (AECS) A guide to Ecological Focus Area (EFA) Mixtures

AECS Options that require Seed AECS Green Cover Crops NORTHERN SPECIES RICH GRASS & 15% NATIVE WILD FLOWERS Stubbles followed by Green Manure Where winter cereals are sown after green cover 25% Creeping Red Fescue Wild Bird seed for Farmland Birds in an arable rotation OVER WINTER GREEN COVER 15% SSMG Pages 10 - 11. Page 11 - Non Cereal Mixtures Where winter cereals are sown after green cover RYE MIXTURE specifically for those who wish to use their own cereal 10% Crested Dogstail SPRING GREEN COVER MIXTURE 85% Forage Rye 10% Hard Fescue 15% Red Clover 60% Buckwheat 10% Meadow Fescue 100% Creation of Beetle Banks, 30% Crimson Clover 10% Sheeps Fescue Water Margins and Grass Strips 10% Egyptian Clover Sowing rate 25 kg/ha 5% Browntop Bent BGM 4 with wildflowers, legumes and fine grasses 100% Pack size 25 kg 15% Native Wild Flowers UK Provenance Pages 5, 6 & 7 Alternative mixtures N-Rich Cover Mixture 100% Sowing rate 12-15 kg/ha Pack size 20 kg Sowing rate 16-20 kg/ha Creation of Species Rich Grassland Alternative mixtures Pack size 20 kg Annual Nectar Mixture and Kwik Fix Pages 6 & 12 OVER WINTER GREEN COVER GRASS MIXTURE 85% Italian Ryegrass Stubbles followed by green manure 15% Red Clover in an arable rotation 100% Pages 12, 16 - 19 Sowing rate 25 kg/ha Pack size 25 kg Alternative mixtures N-Rich Cover Mixture Forage brassicas for Farmland Birds Pages 37 - 43 (N) = UK Native Seed

www.gov.scot/topics/farmingrural/agriculture *Disclaimer – The information provided in this catalogue is given in good faith and to the best of our knowledge at Pages 5, 6, 7 & 8 of this brochure contain many other mixtures designed for herbal meadows, fallow ground, the time of printing. Any advice should therefore be taken as a general guide and not relied upon for all conditions pollen and nectar, nitrogen fixing and wild flowers, many of which suit AECS options. and circumstances. We cannot accept any legal liability for information given in this guide. BPS Scotland - Greening

A guide to Ecological Focus Area (EFA) Mixtures 13 ENVIRONMENTAL

EFA Fallow Land (EFAFAL) Scottish Government Basic Payment Scheme – Greening EFA Fallow BGM 1 BGM 2 BGM 3 WBS Northern Farmland Mixture & & & Wild Bird Fallow Period 15th January to 15th July. No agricultural production between these dates. Wild Bird Mixtures & Wild Weighting 1, 2 & 3 WBS 1 Flower mixtures are encouraged and may be sown during the fallow period. After the fallow period is over grass 1, 2 & 3 BGM 1 RC BGM 2 RC BGM 4 Mixture may be cut or grazed. After the 16th July, plan ahead for 2022 and sow a late heading mixture after 16th July. 1.0 PAGE 7 PAGE 7 PAGE 7 PAGE 6 & 7 PAGE 10 PAGE 11 PAGE 11

EFA Margins (EFAM) Scottish Government Basic Payment Scheme – Greening EFA BGM 1 BGM 2 Northern WBS & & 1, 2, Any Period is 1st January to 31st December. They should be around the margin of a field or split 2 crops within a Weighting BGM 3 BGM 4 WBS 1 BGM 1 RC BGM 2 RC 3 & 4 Grass field. Must be between 1m and 20 m wide. You are allowed to cut for hay or silage after 15th July. If not beside a Mixture watercourse it may be grazed. Wild flower, wild bird seed and normal grass mixtures may be established. 1.5 PAGE 7 PAGE 7 PAGE 7 PAGE 6 PAGE 11 PAGE 10

EFA Catch Crops (EFACC) Scottish Government Basic Payment Scheme – Greening EFA Any Recognised Italian Establish the crop in spring. The only catch crop you can grow will be a cereal nurse crop with undersown grass. Weighting Catch Crop It should be a recognised grass seed mixture. The catch crop must be retained until at least the 31st December. Grass Mixture Mixture You may graze the catch crop after harvest of the main crop. 0.3

EFA Green Cover (EFAGC) Scottish Government Basic Payment Scheme – Greening EFA Over Winter Over Winter Spring N – Rich Green Cover Green Cover Establish the green cover crop by 1st November. Maintain the green cover up to 31st December inclusive. Weighting Green Cover Mix Cover Mix Do not graze during the maintenance period 1st November and 31st December. It must be a mixture of 2 or more Grass Mix Rye Mix of the following: Alfalfa, barley, red clover, white clover, mustard, oats, phacelia, radish, rye, triticale and vetch. 0.3 PAGE 12 PAGE 12 PAGE 12 PAGE 19

EFA Nitrogen Fixing Crops (EFA-NFIX) Scottish Government Basic Payment Scheme – Greening EFA Birdsfoot Red & White You must ensure that all EFA nitrogen-fixing crops are surrounded by a claimed EFA margin. You cannot harvest Alfalfa before 1st August to protect ground nesting birds. You must grow 2 of the following; Alfalfa, beans, birdsfoot trefoil, Weighting Trefoil Peas & Beans Clover Vetch chickpea, red and white clover, lentils, lupins, peas and vetch. Mixtures are allowed, but the nitrogen-fixing species 1.0 must be dominant by weight. PAGE 9 & 17 PAGE 9 PAGE 9 & 17

EFA Hedges (EFAH) EFA Agro-Forestry (EFAAF) Various These are EFA options for Scotland that do not require any seed. ENVIRONMENTAL 14 Glastir Welsh Environmental Scheme

Glastir is the All-Wales Agri-Environment Scheme introduced by the Welsh Assembly Government. Glastir will ensure that future environmental Option 32 Plant unsprayed root crops on It is a 5 year whole farm sustainable land management scheme available to farmers and land challenges can be met by: improved grass and arable land managers across Wales. Since 2012 it has replaced the four existing agri-environment schemes, • COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE Tir Gofal, Tir Cynnal, Tir Mynydd and the Organic Farming Schemes. • White Turnips - see stubble turnip varieties • IMPROVING WATER MANAGEMENT and green globe turnips on page 38 • MAINTAINING AND ENHANCING BIODIVERSITY • Swedes - see page 41 It is designed to deliver measurable outcomes at both a farm and landscape level in a cost effective way. • Fodder Beet - see page 40 • Soft Yellow Turnips Glastir consists of three elements: • Hardy Yellow Turnips 1. ALL-WALES ELEMENT (AWE) A whole farm land management scheme which is open Option 33 Establish a wildlife cover crop to application from all farmers and land managers on improved grass and arable land throughout Wales. It is designed to provide support for the delivery of environmental benefits that meet today’s For mixture option see WBS3 page 6. challenges and priorities. Successful applicants will make a commitment to deliver environmental goods for These mixtures must include at least 80% five years under a legally binding contract. cereal with at least one of the following 2. TARGETED ELEMENT (TE) - mustard, linseed, rape. A part farm scheme intended to deliver significant improvements to the environmental status of a range of These mixtures are designed to provide habitats, species, soils and water that might also require both nesting sites and a food source for changes to current agricultural practices. In order to overwintering species such as tree sparrow, achieve these specific improvements and outcomes, finches, buntings, skylark, grey partridge, financial support from the Welsh Government will be yellowhammer and barn owl. targeted at locations where action will lead to the required result. 3. COMMON LAND ELEMENT (CLE) Option 153 Red clover must make up at Designed to provide support for the delivery of least 80% of the sward environmental benefits on common land. Mixtures of red clover cultivars are permitted as is using a percentage of birdsfoot trefoil seed. Biogas Crops 15 BIOGAS

Over recent years interest has increased MAIZE SILAGE BEET GRASS SILAGE in the production of crops for Anaerobic Maize is a well-known source of biogas, having the Beet is the preferred option for ‘feeding’ anaerobic Grass is an extremely versatile crop; it is a good source digestion plants. advantages of a high methane yield per acre and being digesters, adapting well to many soil and climate types. of material for feeding anaerobic digesters, good for crop relatively easy to store. It has the highest yield potential amongst all other arable rotation, good for the environment and also adapts well to crops and also has the highest dry matter. Due to its many different soil and climate types. It can be planted in the The advantages are: When choosing varieties, high dry matter and high yields are higher levels of sugar it has a shorter retention time in the autumn after a beet or maize crop and be ready for a silage the major considerations; however yields of ME and starch • Replacement of fossil fuels digester than other crops which have a higher lignin and cut in the spring. should also be taken into account. cellulose content. However storage is more difficult for beet, • Reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases High yielding species such as tall fescue and festuloliums, Dry matter at harvest is vitally important. For efficient than other crops. • Reduced impact of slurry have a very high yield potential and they can in many ensiling the maize needs to achieve a dry matter content When selecting a variety, yield is of primary importance situations compete with maize. Grass and grass with clover • Less leaching of nitrogen of between 30% and 32%. Some of the ultra high yielding but cleanliness of the roots should also be considered. work very well in an anaerobic digester mixed with slurry, varieties grown on the continent for Biogas may not reach • Less odour Varieties with a smooth root and low dirt tare should thus improving the yield of gas. this maturity in the UK climate. be chosen and for this reason Enermax is the perfect choice. • Conversion of waste and reducing the need Grass is a perennial crop with a good environmental profile, for landfill Close cropping of energy beet should be avoided as a build improving crop rotation and bringing long term benefits to Production of Biogas is increased when an energy dense RYE up of rhizomania or beet cyst nematode can occur - the crop soil fertility. substrate is used to supplement slurry. should not be grown more often than one in three years on Rye has become very popular in the UK in recent years. We the same ground. To this end, crops can be used as an alternative to waste have varieties being tested against hybrid, conventional and Contact us with the added advantage of not requiring a waste disposal forage rye types. DLF have a dedicated breeding programme for Energy Beets. for more licence. information For a farmer developing a biogas plant, high output crops are a necessity. Also, for the grower with a plant in the neighbourhood, biogas cropping represents a useful source Maize silage Beet Grass silage of income. Comparison Yield, tonnes dry matter/ha 11 13 11,5

The criteria for suitable crops are: of gas % dry matter 33 20 33 yield from • High yield of DM per hectare % ash in dry matter 3 8 10 • High gas potential different Nm3 methane/tonnes organic matter 352 435 307 • Low costs for growing and handling crops

• Ease of management and storage Comparison of gas yield from different crops. Based on budget estimates from VFL DK. Søren Ugilt Larsen, Agrotech DK 2010 and 2011 Growing a cover crop is a very effective way of controlling nematode populations

GREEN MANURING 16 Green Manuring

Green Manuring can bring Green manures not only improve soil status, composition and nutrient balance but provide a basis for a more environmentally NEMATODES IN UK FARMING THEIR EFFECT ON many advantages to the friendly approach to modern farming. We need to focus our AGRICULTURAL CROPPING ROOT KNOT NEMATODES farmer by adding organic minds on the twin problems of high artificial fertiliser prices Nematodes behave in different ways: • Produce galls and can severely damage plant health and the soil’s need for basic nutrients with these being Ectoparasitic forms – feed externally on plant matter to the soil, increasing • Crops most at risk are:- peas, onions, carrots, parsnips, available in a more sustainable form. roots and Endoparasitic forms – invade the biological activity, improving and spring wheat roots internally. Both forms cause damage, A wide range of plant species can be used as green manures. Different crops resulting in an overall reduction in yield or affect soil structure, reducing bring different benefits and the final choice is influenced by many considerations. CYST NEMATODES the marketability of the crop. If the most is to be made of green manuring crops, it is important that they are • Beard like objects which grow and live on root surfaces erosion, increasing the carefully integrated into the crop rotation and proper attention paid to their • Widespread in Europe and many parts of the world supply of nutrients available husbandry. Nematodes, also known as eelworms • Crops most at risk are:- potatoes, sugar beet, rape and roundworms. There are over 28,000 Green manures can be categorised as spring sown for summer usage and autumn to plants (particularly by and beetroot distinguishable species, of which 16,000 sown for over-winter usage, intercropping and longer term fertility improvement. are parasitic. adding nitrogen to the LESION NEMATODES Nitrogen (N) in legumes comes from uptake of soil N and the fixation of N from Approximately 50% are detrimental to plant system by fixation), reducing the atmosphere. The amount of N fixed by different legumes is determined by the • Produce necrotic lesions throughout the cortex health. Damage caused by nematodes can inherent capacity of the crop/rhizobium symbiosis to fix N, modified by the crop’s of infected roots emerge differently from crop to crop. But leaching and encouraging growing conditions (e.g. soil, climate, disease), crop management and length of • Crops most at risk are carrots, parsnips, maize there are a few symptoms which can appear, time for which the crop is grown. Consequently, the influence of all these factors and legumes weed suppression. that are common to all. means that a wide range of values has been reported by different researchers. There are some disadvantages and whilst The presence of soil mineral N is generally thought to reduce fixation capacity. STUBBY ROOT NEMATODES • Stunted plants these are few they should also be noted - lost Factors that will increase the soil mineral N pool include manure application, • Plant roots have a stunted stubby appearance opportunities for cash cropping, exacerbated • Plants wilt and appear to have no vigour cutting and mulching, and grazing. Fixation tends to decrease with legume age, • Infected roots become less capable of supplying pest and disease problems (green bridge mainly because the amount of soil N tends to increase. nutrients • Stem malformation effect), and the potential for green manures • Yellowing to become weeds in their own right. These Where growth of legumes is affected by nutrient deficiency (or acidity) the • Crops most at risk:- potatoes, sugar beet, onions, carrots problems can be overcome with thought and potential for soil N build up is reduced. Phosphorus, Sulphur and some trace and parsnips • Root Galls measured usage, and the benefits to future elements (e.g. Molybdenum) are particularly important. Where there are large • Deformed roots and abnormal growth STEM NEMATODES crops cannot be dismissed lightly. off-takes of soil nutrients as in silage crops both Phosphorus and Potash supplies • Plant death need to be adequate for satisfactory legume growth. These should be replaced as • Can cause distortion in the stems in winter beans and they are essential to the legume to enable it to maximise the fixing of nitrogen. necrotic area on the plant leaves Globally, parasitic species can reduce • Crops most at risk :- potatoes, onions and winter beans agricultural production by approximately 12%. Crop Pack Av sowing Treatment Sowing Incorporation Root type/depth Soil type Nitrogen Fixing Useful information and growing tips size rate kg/ha type dates period or Storing Plant Short Term Crops Spring/Summer Sowing & Summer/Autumn Incorporation

Fast growing and good weed suppressor. Has biofumigation properties but not to same extent as 10kg & Untreated Spring - Early 8 weeks All types, best on light, sandy Storing brown mustard. Produces large quantities of biomass. Excellent scavenger of nitrogen. Requires fine White Mustard 12 - 17 Fibrous root system soils 25kg & Organic Autumn after sowing seedbed. Susceptible to Club root. Plough in before flowering to prevent self-seeding.

As white mustard, but contains high levels of glucosinolate which create biofumigation properties to 5kg & Spring - All types, prefers moist reduce wireworm infestation. To maximise this benefit, crop must be finely chopped at flowering and Brown Mustard 5 - 7.5 Untreated Autumn - Spring Taproot Storing 25kg Autumn ground thoroughly incorporated into moist soil. Brown mustard is winter hardy so is excellent for reducing soil erosion, water run-off and fertiliser leaching when grown after maize, potatoes & sugar beet. Quick to establish and a good weed suppressor. Flowers loved by bees and butterflies. The crop must 2kg, 5kg Untreated Spring - 10 - 12 weeks Most soil types, will tolerate Storing be incorporated into the soil before setting seed or it may reappear in subsequent crops as a weed. Phacelia 7.5 - 10 Shallow, fibrous dry conditions & 10kg & Organic Summer after sowing Said to release many minerals into soil as it decomposes, especially P, Ca and Mg. Fast growing and quick to mature, not winter hardy. Dislikes wet, heavy or compacted soil. Do not 10kg & Untreated Spring - Shallow, but with Tolerates poor, but not Storing allow to set seed before incorporating into soil. Attractive to beneficial insects especially hoverflies. Buckwheat 50 - 70 Summer - Autumn wet soils Green Manuring 25kg & Organic Summer good penetration Good scavenger of phosphate. Prefers loam, will tolerate 1kg & Untreated Taproot with fibrous Very attractive to insects. Excellent weed suppressor. Biomass degrades quickly into soil. poor soils as long as alkaline Fixing Crimson Clover 12.5 - 15 Spring Summer - Autumn Will over-winter in Southern England for autumn sowing/spring incorporation. Shade tolerant. 25kg & Organic branch roots and free draining Branched taproot Less biomass than red and white clover but better adapted to wet, acid soils and cooler conditions. Alsike Clover 25kg 5 - 7.5 Untreated Spring Autumn Most types Fixing Deep rooting Requires shallow sowing and firm seedbed. 10kg & Untreated Summer - Deep rooting Good early vigour that gives quick soil coverage, with a large biomas and a large taproot. Excellent Fodder Radish 10 - 20 Autumn - Spring Most types Storing 25kg & Organic Autumn taproot Nitrogen scavenger. 5kg & Summer - Deep penetrating Fast establishing, big biomas, long large white tubers. Excellent for breaking up compacted soil with Daikon Radish 8 - 10 Untreated Autumn - Spring Most types Storing 25kg Autumn taproot its aggressive taproot. An excellent nitrogen scavenger. Annual clover. Grows aggressively throughout the summer and autumn. Likes deep fertile soils with Egyptian/ Spring - Early Later Summer - Taproot with fibrous Needs deep fertile soils Fixing plenty of moisture. Produces large amounts of biomass along with fixing large quantities of nitrogen. 25kg 10 - 22 Untreated (uncompetitive) Berseem Clover Summer Autumn root network A good cover crop to put between two cereal crops. Black Oats/ Later Grows well under most conditions. Early vigour, quickly producing lots of biomass due to the 25kg & Winter - Early Grow in most soil types Japanese Oats 50 - 75 Untreated Summer - Fibrous root system Storing plant rapidly tillering. Can flower early. The fast establishment helps to suppress weeds. Good at 500kg Spring and conditions (Avena strigosa) Autumn disrupting disease cycles. Not frost hardy. Over Winter Crops Autumn Sowing & Spring Incorporation Produces large amounts of green material. Excellent nitrogen scavenger and for the prevention of Forage 25kg & Extensive, fibrous Grows well on light, sandy, Storing nitrate leaching during winter months. Do not allow to run to seed as this will ‘lock-up’ available 90 - 150 Untreated Autumn Spring free-draining soils Winter Rye 500kg root system nitrogen. Very hardy. As with forage rye, produces high yields of biomass. Good root system for improving soil structure. Untreated Extensive, fibrous Diploids better in wet areas Storing If seed heads are produced, crop must be cut before seed is shed to prevent infestation of following Italian Ryegrass 25kg 35 - 38 Autumn Spring and tetraploids in drier & Organic root system crop. Good ‘mopper-up’ of excess soil nitrogen. Thick and fibrous 15kg - Untreated Spring / When undersown at a low seed rate into winter wheat, cocksfoot is an excellent soil improver for Cocksfoot 5 - 7.5 Autumn - Spring with large energy Dry, free-draining Storing 20kg & Organic Autumn drought-prone soils. reserves Fast growing. Good alternative to mustard if using high glucosinolate varieties, as decomposition can 10kg & Untreated Spring / Deeply penetrating Most types, able to tolerate Storing release chemicals which produce a biofumigation effect if incorporated within 24 hours of cutting. Forage Rape 6.5 - 10 Autumn - Spring poor soil & exposed sites 25kg & Organic Autumn taproot Where club root is a problem, make sure a resistant variety is used. Prefers loams and clay. Untreated Spring / Good weed suppressor. Ensure a winter hardy variety is used. Due to its large seed size, will establish Will not thrive in wet or Fixing Vetches 25kg 60 - 90 Autumn - Spring Taproot later than most other legumes. Requires fine, firm seedbed. & Organic Autumn waterlogged conditions Longer Term Crops Lucerne Untreated Spring - Early Seed must be inoculated with rhizobium bacteria. Prefers dry growing conditions. Uncompetitive 25kg 20 - 25 Autumn - Spring Very deep taproot Light/chalky/free-draining Fixing particularly in early stage of development so grow as pure stand or with non-aggressive companion Pre-inoculated & Organic Autumn grasses. 1kg & Untreated Spring - Early Creeping stolons, Wide range. Tolerates dry Continued defoliation stimulates root growth and nitrogen fixation. Smaller leaved varieties are more White Clover 5 - 7.5 Autumn - Spring Fixing 25kg & Organic Autumn Shallow rooting conditions persistent than larger leaved. Good weed suppressor. Shallow sow into fine, firm seedbed. 1kg & Untreated Spring - Early Large, strong Wide range, avoid poorly Aggressive plant, does not release N until crop is ploughed in. Shorter term than white clover. Good Red Clover 12.5 - 15 Autumn - Spring Fixing 25kg & Organic Autumn taproot drained, acid soils for improving and aerating soil structure & useful weed suppressor. Ensure fine, firm seedbed. Prefers poor soil and dry Yellow Blossom 2kg & Biennial. Quick to establish and grows vigorously. Improves soil structure. Plough in before flowering conditions. Dislikes wet, Fixing 12.5 - 15 Untreated Spring Summer - Autumn Long taproot and before stems become woody. Attractive to bees and other insects if allowed to flower. Clover 25kg heavy ground

Cover Crops have many INCORPORATION OF GREEN MANURE soil structure Incorporation is most effective when plants are young and succulent and the crop is cut and chopped to benefits produce a mulch before turning it into the soil. This allows it to decompose quickly and release nutrients to be used by the following crop. Some crops, however, require nitrogen to be available at a later stage, in which case they will benefit from the green manure crop being left to become more mature. Decomposition and the release of nutrients will take longer and will be more likely to be available at the right time in the crop’s development. It is very important not to sow too early because of the allelopathic effect of the decomposing plants on germinating seeds. GREEN MANURING 18 Green Manuring Crops Green Manuring Mixtures

WHITE MUSTARD FODDER RADISH (OIL RADISH) DAIKON RADISH AVALON LEAFY TURNIP FOR SPRING SOWING AND SUMMER Popular as a green manure crop. A relatively A fast growing cover crop, its speed of Avalon is a very leafy turnip that INCORPORATION is late flowering, covers the soil A rapid growing crop that inexpensive and highly versatile cover crop establishment aids weed suppression. It has a very fast and is winter hardy. This Spring sown, summer crops are usually annual crops produces a large amount of either sown alone or as a companion to other long tap root which will improve the soil structure variety can be sown in spring or that as a rule do not tolerate frost. They are quick biomass. It has the ability species. It is a fast growing and good weed and also has plenty of leaf that produces a large suppressor. Has bio fumigation properties autumn and for forage production growing and will suppress weeds by light deprivation to reduce nematodes and quantity of organic matter. An excellent nitrogen but not to the same extent as brown mustard. these leafy turnips can be grazed as well as providing organic material to improve soil is also an excellent weed scavenger. Some varieties are nematode resistant. It is ideal for early cover and produces large after just 6-8 weeks. Avalon structure and organic status. As they are usually suppressor. It produces quantities of biomass although killed off by Sowing rate 10 - 20kg/ha also has a very high dry matter fleshy crops and do not contain high proportions of a long aggressive taproot frost later. White Mustard is an excellent Pack size 10kg & 25kg yield and excellent resistance to carbon when incorporated into the soil, they do not that penetrates through scavenger of nitrogen. Destroy before Treatment Untreated Alternaria. substantially reduce stocks of soil nitrogen in the many different soil types, flowering to prevent self-seeding. Some Organic seed available in 25kg packs breaking down of the plant structure. improving drainage and air varieties are nematode resistant. Sowing rate 5 - 7.5kg/ha movement through the soil. Pack size 10kg & 25kg Sowing rate 12 - 17kg/ha AUTUMN SOWING & SPRING A major benefit is that it BLACK OATS / JAPANESE OATS Treatment Untreated captures and stores nutrients Pack size 10kg & 25kg - AVENA STRIGOSA INCORPORATION Treatment Untreated A rapid growing leafy cereal crop which has early from deep in the soil over Autumn sown crops which go through the winter will Organic seed available in 25kg packs vigour with good weed suppression. It will produce ROCKET LETTUCE the winter period, which are scavenge nitrogen from soils thus preventing leaching large amounts of organic matter. Destroy before released in the spring for the This crop flowers rather late with which is taken much more seriously these days. They flowering to prevent self-seeding. Not winter hardy. next crop. It can provide much BROWN MUSTARD an average early vigour. Rocket can be incorporated in the following spring or can needed cover throughout the lettuce is like oil radish; a dual A fast growing green manure crop with bio Sowing rate 50 - 75kg/ha provide a source of forage, prior to incorporation and winter months for game birds purpose in regards to diseases and fumigation properties, i.e. it suppresses soil- Pack size 25kg & 500kg also help to control erosion especially on late harvested or can be used as an excellent pest control. This crop is suitable Daikon Radish borne pests and diseases. It is an easy to Treatment Untreated maize stubbles. Certain species can be utilised to fast growing, nutrient storing establish 50 - 70 day crop that can be sown as a biological controller of cyst provide a nitrogen fixer which is then readily available green manure crop. between April and September. Unlike white nematodes H. schachtii and betae, to a spring sown crop. FORAGE RYE and fights root knot nematodes Sowing rate 8 - 10kg/ha Club mustard, it is winter hardy. It will improve the health of the soil by increasing organic A cereal crop that produces large amounts M. chitwoodi and incognita. This, Pack size 5kg & 25kg Root Tolerant matter and acts as an excellent weed of organic matter and suppresses weeds. An combined with high levels of LONGER TERM CROPS Treatment Untreated suppressant. It is also especially useful as excellent nitrogen scavenger that helps the glucosinolate, makes Rocket a Grass and clover leys for long term fertility building over-wintering green cover after maize, prevention of nitrate leaching during the winter good biofumigant. must by their nature form part of the rotation. The potatoes and sugar beet crops, reducing soil increased duration of the sward ensures that the grass months. Winter hardy. Do not allow it to run to Sowing rate 10kg/ha erosion, fertiliser leaching and water run-off. element provides a very strong root system valuable for DISCLAIMER The table on page 17 is given in good seed as this will lock up available nitrogen. Pack size 5kg faith and intended for general guidance only. Weather, soil aeration, whilst the legumes with their deeper root Sowing rate 5 - 7.5kg/ha Sowing rate 125 - 185kg/ha Treatment Untreated (Limited) local conditions and crop rotations must always be taken system will improve water filtration through the soil Pack size 5kg Pack size 25kg & 500kg into account. structure whilst also providing increased soil nitrogen. Treatment Untreated Treatment Untreated Growing a Cover Crop is an effective way of erosion control

Green Manuring Crops Green Manuring Mixtures 19 GREEN MANURING

Our range of green manure N-RICH COVER MIX REVIVAL COVER MIX BUSTER COVER MIX N-HANCE COVER MIX N-RETAIN COVER MIX mixtures have been specially The vetch and rye complement Oats, white mustard and phacelia A mixture containing species This mixture will benefit the soil A balanced mixture that contains each other to provide an excellent combined make a very effective with aggressive deep roots that by the use of species that absorb fast growing species which produce formulated to help you achieve cover crop mixture for the winter. catch crop. White mustard and will help with difficult compacted the leaching nutrients and has the large amounts of biomass. The Vetches are fast growing and they phacelia are very fast growing and soils and producing huge amounts added advantage of the useful species used in the mixture offer a the best from your soil by have a very prolonged growing good at suppressing weeds, they of biomass. During the winter nitrogen fixing winter vetch. wide range of rooting depths some protecting and improving soil season, combined with excellent are also easy to break down and months this mixture can benefit the It produces a huge quantity of having a fibrous root system and winter hardiness and have the incorporate into the soil because soil by providing vast quantities of organic matter and has the benefit others producing long taproots. Both types of roots help to soak up fertility and health between cash advantage of being able to fix they are less frost hardy. The oats organic matter, prevent nutrients of radish’s large roots that can and retain any residual nutrients nitrogen at lower temperatures provide good ground cover further being lost and penetrate through utilise nutrients from the deeper which may have been left behind by crops. Fast growing species have than other legumes. Forage rye is helping with weed suppression and compacted soils. layers of soil. the previous crop. deep rooting which provides a good produce a large quantity of organic been chosen to help suppress 35% Buckwheat 60% Forage Rye underground network for the plant matter. 30% Spring Vetch weed growth and provide to scavenge most of the nitrogen 15% Linseed 30% Winter Vetch 15% Buckwheat excellent cover producing huge left by the previous crop. 90% Oats 15% Daikon Radish 7% Fodder Radish 15% Crimson Clover 80% Forage Rye 5% White Mustard 12% Crimson Clover 3% White Mustard 12% Fodder Radish quantities of organic matter 5% Phacelia 12% Fodder Radish 10% Daikon Radish 20% Winter Vetch 100% 10% Egyptian Clover 100% 6% Gold of Pleaseure 100% 5% White Mustard and a variation of different 5% Phacelia Sowing rate 35 - 50kg/ha Sowing rate 30 - 50kg/ha Pack size 25kg & 500kg 3% Phacelia rooting depths to ensure good Sowing rate 50 - 75kg/ha 100% Pack size 25kg & 500kg Pack size 25kg & 500kg Untreated 100% soil penetration and utilisation Untreated Sowing rate 15 - 25kg/ha Untreated Sowing rate 15 - 25kg/ha Pack size 25kg & 500kg of surplus nutrients. Bespoke Pack size 25kg & 500kg Untreated mixtures to suit individual, Untreated specific requirements can also be arranged. RESCUE MIX BOOST MIX KWIK FIX LATE COVER MIX 50% Buckwheat 70% Brassica Carinata 80% Fodder Radish 60% Forage Rape 15% Fodder Radish 10% Hybrid Brassica 15% White Mustard 20% White Mustard 28% Stubble Turnips 10% Fodder Radish 10% Gold of Pleasure 100% 7% White Mustard 10% Brassica Carinata 10% Brown Mustard 5% Fodder Radish Sowing rate 12 - 15kg/ha 100% 100% 100% Pack size 5kg Sowing rate 12kg/ha Sowing rate 6kg/ha Untreated Sowing rate 12 - 15kg/ha Pack size 10kg Pack size 5kg Pack size 5kg Untreated Untreated Untreated GAME COVER CROPS 20 Game Cover Crops Game Cover Reed Canary Grass Reed Canary Grass Canary Millets Over n’UnderSorghum Mixture &DwarfSorghum -Intermediate Giant Sorghum Millets /Grasses Zoom Brassica Mixture Spitfire HybridBrassica Forage Rape Texsel Greens Leafy TurnipAvalon Surefire KaleBlend Kale Brassicas Maize Crop Game Cover Selector Game Cover (Phalaris aquatica) (Phalaris arundinacea)

Organic Option 29 &36 Page No. 34 34 31 30 30 30 29 29 29 29 28 28 27 10kg &25kg 10kg &25kg 5kg &25kg 1kg &5kg 40,000/ Pack 50,000 Size seeds 2.5kg 2.5kg 10kg 10kg 10kg 10kg 2kg 2kg 5kg Feed Crop ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Cover / Cover ✓ ✓ Nectar Broadcast vrg Swn Rate Sowing Average 5 -7.5kg 5 -7.5kg 5 -7.5kg 5 -7.5kg 6 -10kg 12kg 10kg 10kg per Hectare 123,500 seeds/ha Precision drill 111,150 - 20 -25kg 3 -6kg 3 -5kg 3 -5kg Drill 12kg 20kg 30kg 6kg 6kg 6kg 6kg 6kg 6kg Sowing Date Spring / Autumn Spring April - August April Spring /Early May -endof May -endof April -June April -June April -June April -June April -June April -June May -June May -June May -June September September Guide Autumn Utilisation Period September -December September -February September -February September -February September -February Autumn /Early Winter September -January September -March September -March September -March July -December July -December All Year All Year Duration 1 Season 1 Season 1 Season 1 Season 1 Season 1 Season 1 Season 1 Season 1 Season 1 Season 5 Years+ 5 Years+ of the Crop 1 -2yr 1 -2yr DISCLAIMER and crop rotations must always be taken into account. account. into taken be always must rotations crop and intended for general guidance only. Weather, local conditions Average Depth 1 -1.5 1 -2.5 1 -2.5 2.5 -4 2.5 -4 2.5 -4 Drill 1 -2 1 -2 1 -2 1 -2 1 -2 cm 1.5 1.5 6 These tables are given in good faith and and faith good in given are tables These Average Width Various Various Various 70 -90 70 -90 15 -20 15 -20 45 -50 45 -50 45 -50 Row 35-45 cm 75 50 50 Suggested Guideto Seedbed Fertiliser 110 110 110 100 100 100 100 100 80 55 55 60 20 20 N (kg) ha 55 55 55 85 28 28 30 40 40 50 50 50 50 50 P 205 120 120 120 120 120 55 55 55 28 28 30 40 40 K Kwik Fix Late Cover Mixture Boost Mixture Decoy GameMixture Traditional GameCover Mixture Sundown Mixture Four TenMixture Broadshot General PurposeRearingPenMixture Overdrive StarGameMixture Northern Shot Northern Partridge Mixture Feed andCover Mixture Mixtures Game Cover Yellow BlossomClover Perennial Chicory Linseed Fodder Radish Brown Mustard White Mustard Buckwheat Rescue Mixture Phacelia Gold ofPleasure Borage Triticale Sunflowers Quinoa Crop Game Cover Crops Game Cover (Camelina) Treated Untreated ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Organic Option 19 &36 19 &36 19 &36 19 &36 Page No. 33 33 33 33 33 32 35 35 35 35 35 34 28 11 11 11 10 34 34 33 33 32 32 32 32 10kg &25kg 10kg &25kg 10kg &25kg 2kg &5kg Pack Size 2.5kg 25kg 10kg 10kg 13kg 14kg 10kg 15kg 20kg 20kg 25kg 25kg 25kg 10kg 10kg 5kg 2kg 2kg 5kg 5kg 5kg 5kg 5kg 2kg 5kg Feed Crop ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Cover / Cover ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Nectar ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Broadcast vrg Swn Rate Sowing Average 7.5 -10kg 12 -17kg 32 -37kg 5 -7.5kg 12kg+ 50kg+ 15kg+ 15kg+ 12kg+ 12kg+ 6kg+ 6kg+ 5kg+ 6kg+ 5kg+ 20kg 25kg 15kg 50kg 8kg per Hectare 2.5 -7.5kg 50 -60kg 6 -12kg 32kg+ 125kg Drill 12kg 50kg 32kg 35kg 62kg 40kg 60kg 12kg 12kg 12kg 12kg 12kg 20kg 25kg 15kg 50kg 12kg 6kg 6kg 6kg 5kg 6kg 5kg Sowing Date June -September June -September Spring - Autumn Spring - Autumn Spring Spring - Autumn Spring Spring / Autumn Spring Spring / Autumn Spring Spring / Autumn Spring Spring orEarly April - August April July -Endof April -June April -June April -June April -June April -June April -June April -June April -June September April -May April -May April -May Guide Autumn Spring Spring Spring Spring Spring Spring Spring Utilisation Period September -December September -December September -December September -December September -February September -February September -February September -February September -February September -February September -February September -February September -February September -February September -February September -February September -February August -December August -December August -February July -December July -November July -November Autumn /Spring July -October Autumn All Year All Year All Year Duration 1 Season 1 Season 1 Season 2 Season 1 Season 1 Season 1 Season 1 Season 1 Season 1 Season 1 Season 1 Season 1 Season 1 Season 1 Season 1 Season 1 Season 1 Season 1 Season 1 Season 1 Season 1 Season 1 Season 1 Season 1 Season of the Crop 1 -2yr 1 -2yr 5yr+ 5yr+ Average Depth 1 -2.5 1 -2.5 1 -2.5 1 -2.5 1 -2.5 2.5 -3 1 -2.5 1 -2.5 Drill 5 -6 1 -2 1 -2 1 -2 1 -2 1 -2 1 -2 1 -2 1 -2 1 -2 cm B/C 2.5 2.5 1.5 0.5 1 6 4 4 1 1 Average Width 75 -100 Various 12 -16 12 -16 12 -16 20 -35 45 -50 25 -30 20 -35 12 -16 15 -25 15 -25 45 -50 45 -50 15 -20 20 -35 15 -20 20 -35 15 -20 Row 8 -18 8 -18 cm B/C 75 40 28 75 15 45 75 Suggested Guideto Seedbed Fertiliser 185 100 125 100 100 100 100 40 60 75 30 30 40 55 80 40 35 80 75 80 30 N with excess fertiliser Lodging canoccur P but very littleN P butvery littleN P butvery Ensure adequate Ensure adequate (kg) ha 105 75 60 90 40 75 75 75 50 28 40 15 40 50 37 40 50 50 50 P 0 0 220 210 120 120 120 65 40 75 75 65 50 28 96 20 96 37 96 50 K 0 0 Suggested Guide to Cover / Average Sowing Rate Average Average Nectar Duration Seedbed Fertiliser Page Pack Feed Crop per Hectare Sowing Date Drill Row Crop Utilisation Period of the (kg) ha No. Size Guide Depth Width Option

Organic Crop Broadcast Drill cm cm N P K

Game Cover Crops Ensure adequate 32 10kg ✓ ✓ ✓ 12kg April - June July - November 1 Season 4 75 Untreated P but very little N Sunflowers Ensure adequate 32 5kg ✓ ✓ ✓ 12kg April - June July - November 1 Season 4 28 Treated P but very little N Game Cover Selector Quinoa 32 2kg ✓ ✓ 5kg+ 5kg April - June September - December 1 Season 1.5 45 100 50 120 Triticale ✓ 32 25kg ✓ ✓ 125kg Spring / Autumn August - February 1 Season 2.5 12 - 16 125 0 0 Borage 32 5kg ✓ ✓ 12kg+ 12kg April - June Autumn 1 Season 1 - 2 15 - 20

Gold of Pleasure (Camelina) ✓ 33 5kg ✓ ✓ 12kg+ 12kg April - May September - December 1 Season 1 8 - 18 40 75 65 Phacelia ✓ 33 2kg & 5kg ✓ ✓ 7.5 - 10kg April - August July - October 1 Season 1 - 2 Various Buckwheat ✓ 33 10kg & 25kg ✓ ✓ ✓ 50kg+ 50kg April - May August - December 1 Season 1 - 2.5 20 - 35 35 105 210 White Mustard ✓ 33 10kg & 25kg ✓ 12 - 17kg 6 - 12kg Spring - Autumn August - December 1 Season 1 - 2.5 20 - 35 Brown Mustard 33 5kg ✓ 5 - 7.5kg 2.5 - 7.5kg Spring - Autumn Autumn / Spring 1 Season 1 - 2.5 20 - 35 Fodder Radish ✓ 33 10kg & 25kg ✓ ✓ ✓ 8kg 6kg Spring - Autumn July - December 1 Season 1 - 2.5 25 - 30 40 15 20 Linseed 33 25kg ✓ ✓ ✓ 60kg April - May September - February 1 Season 1 - 2 8 - 18 40 75 65 Spring or Early 34 2kg ✓ ✓ 5kg+ 5kg All Year 5yr+ 1 15 - 20 100 50 120 Perennial Chicory Autumn Yellow Blossom Clover 34 2kg ✓ ✓ 6kg+ 6kg April - June All Year 1 - 2yr 0.5 75 30 0 0 Game Cover Mixtures Feed and Cover Mixture 10 25kg ✓ ✓ ✓ 40kg Spring September - February 1 Season 1 - 2.5 12 - 16 30 75 75 Partridge Mixture 11 25kg ✓ ✓ 62kg Spring September - February 1 Season 1 - 2.5 12 - 16 30 75 75 Northern Shot 11 20kg ✓ ✓ ✓ 50 - 60kg Spring September - February 2 Season 1 - 2.5 12 - 16 75 40 40 Northern Star Game Mixture 11 20kg ✓ ✓ ✓ 50kg 50kg Spring September - February 1 Season 2.5 - 3 15 75 37 37 Overdrive 28 2.5kg ✓ ✓ 6kg+ 6kg April - June September - February 1 - 2yr 2.5 45 - 50 100 50 120 General Purpose Rearing Pen Mixture 34 15kg ✓ 32 - 37kg 32kg+ Spring / Autumn All Year 5yr+ 1 15 - 20 Broadshot 35 10kg ✓ ✓ ✓ 15kg 15kg Spring September - February 1 Season 1 - 2 15 - 25 80 40 96 Four Ten Mixture 35 14kg ✓ ✓ 35kg Spring September - February 1 Season 6 75 185 90 220 Sundown Mixture 35 13kg ✓ ✓ ✓ 32kg April - June September - February 1 Season 5 - 6 75 - 100 60 60 Traditional Game Cover Mixture 35 10kg ✓ ✓ ✓ 25kg 25kg April - June September - February 1 Season B/C B/C 80 40 96 Decoy Game Mixture 35 10kg ✓ ✓ ✓ 20kg 20kg Spring September - February 1 Season 1 - 2 15 - 25 80 40 96 Boost Mixture 19 & 36 5kg ✓ 6kg+ 6kg June - September September - February 1 Season 1 - 2 45 - 50 100 50 50 Late Cover Mixture 19 & 36 5kg ✓ 15kg+ 12kg Spring / Autumn September - February 1 Season 1 - 2 20 - 35 55 28 28 July - End of Lodging can occur 19 & 36 5kg ✓ 15kg+ 12kg September - December 1 Season 1 - 2 40 Kwik Fix September with excess fertiliser Rescue Mixture 19 & 36 10kg ✓ ✓ 12kg+ 12kg June - September September - December 1 Season 1 - 2 45 - 50 100 50 50 GAME COVER CROPS 22 particular farm/situation. particular farm/situation. contact your local seed specialist, who will be able to give advice for your own advantage of local knowledge. If you would like please more detailed information soil conditionshave notbeentaken intoconsideration asitispreferable totake you tothesuccessfulestablishmentofgamecover crops. Any regional orparticular and the overall environment. It is hoped the following notes will help and guide landowners andthelocalcommunity, asitcontributespositivelytothecountryside from thestart. A successfully managedshootisbothprofitableand rewarding to Game cover cropswillonlyreach theirfullpotentialiftheyare wellmanagedright Establishing Game Cover Crops Establishing GameCover DLF ResearchTrials encourage aquick successfulgermination. too earlytoensure thesoiltemperature iswarm enoughto growing seasoniscompletelydifferent, nottosow buttry will alsoimprove bird holdinganddrivingcapability. Each a speedy establishment.Sowing atthecorrect row width provide maximumseedtosoilcontactthatwillencourage This ensures accurate seeddepthandrow widthandwill Where possiblewerecommend drillinggamecover crops. SOWING help reduce theriskofslugactivity. start to for these crops. Ensure the seed bed is fine and firm moisture istheideal and rapid consolidationtoconserve more chance ofresisting pestattack. Generally, ploughing development, asarapidly growinggamecover crophas A wellprepared seedbedisessentialforcrophealthand CULTIVATIONS or diseasehave becomeapersistentproblem. trace elements. Crop rotation is essential where weeds and/ benefit thesoilindifferent ways, each requiring different help toimprove soilfertilityandstructure aseach cropcan such asclubrootinbrassicas. A rotationalsystemwillalso Rotations are diseases essentialtohelpreduce soil-borne CROP ROTATION (For chemical weedcontrolseetablesonpages24and25). mixtures are grown and noherbicide can be recommended. a cleanseedbed. usefulwhere This technique isvery to helpachieve this canberepeated asoftennecessary inafirstflush,weed seedstogerminate then re-spraying; involves spraying, ploughingandcultivating toencourage system and allows early control of weeds. The technique The staleseedbedtechnique isawellproven weedcontrol WEED CONTROL required for someacidsoilstobalancethesoilpH. maximize theoutputofyourgamecover crop. Limemaybe will alsoberequired attheearlystagesofestablishmentto way ofimproving soilstructure andaddingfertility. Fertiliser manuremaximize itspotential.Farmyard isanexcellent of thesoil, which canthenbemanagedaccordingly to thesoilpHandfertility Soil testingisessentialtodetermine SOIL TESTS &FERTILISER Pests & DiseasesinBrassicas&Maize Establishing Game Cover Crops Establishing GameCover crop throughcriticalgrowth stagestominimizeattack. leaves. Increasing soil fertility and structure helps speed the required immediately if ‘shot holes’are seenintheyoung of fleabeetle. Chemicalinsecticidetreatment willbe linseed are vulnerable inhotweatherconditionstoattacks Brassicas (kale, rape, turnips, texsel greens, jonty)and FLEA BEETLEMANAGEMENT PESTS Pests & DiseasesinBrassicas&Maize Flea Beetle from thesepests. action needstobetaken quickly toprevent furtherattacks cover cropsneedtobechecked regularly andrelevant slugs, rabbits, hares, deer, badgersandcaterpillars.Game trees attractive and therefore to crows, is very pigeons, Game cover isoftensown inthespringneartowoods and OTHER PESTS CORN BORER EUROPEAN FRIT FLY WIREWORM (Western CornRootworm) BEETLE DIABROTICA For see morepestinformation www.hgca.com/pests (Fusarium spp) STALK ROT (Puccinia sorghi) RUST zeae) (Kabatiella EYE SPOT maydis) (Ustilago MAIZE SMUT DISEASES INMAIZE the disease. crops (atleastfouryears) are thebestmethodstomanage drainage andmaintaininglongrotationsbetweenbrassica attack. Increasing soilpHthroughliming, ensuring good in the autumn when the soil is cooler reduces the risk of and wiltcausingsevere stuntingofgrowth.Sowing crops of water andnutrientstotheplant;leaves becomeyellow club rootare swollen anddistortedthusreducing theflow soil, isvirtuallyimpossibletoeradicate. Rootsaffectedby difficult tocontrol and once present in the plants. It is very Club Rootisaseriousandwidespread diseaseofbrassica (Plasmodiophora brassicae) CLUB ROOT DISEASES INBRASSICAS (page 18&33) Fodder Radish(page 18) Daikon Radish(page 28) Goldeneye Kale(page See ourclub roottolerant species: 23

GAME COVER CROPS GAME COVER CROPS 24 Triticale Texsel Greens Sweet Clover Sunflower Stubble Turnip Sorghum Quinoa Phacelia Mustard White Millet Ambush MilletMix Reed Millet Red Millet Maize Linseed Kale Gold ofPleasure Fodder Radish Chicory Grass Canary Buckwheat Borage data so should be used with caution. EAMUs (formerly SOLAs) data soshouldbeused withcaution.EAMUs(formerly DISCLAIMER: isbasedonlimited Insomecasesinformation and LTAEU off-labelusesare atGrowers OwnRisk. Game Cover Chemicals Game Cover SEEDBED STALE YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES ROUNDUP VISTA PLUS YES YES YES YES YES NO NO NO NO NO NO NO ANTHEM (MAPP 15761) YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES NO NO NO NO CENTIUM 360CS (MAPP 17327/18719) YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES NO NO NO NO CIRRUS CS (MAPPP 18721) YES NO SPINNAKER (MAPP 18855) PRE EMERGENCEHERBICIDESONLY YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES NO NO NO NO GANIT 36 CS (MAPP 18718) full incorporation ofcropresidues before planting treated areas withsusceptiblecrops. When usedongamecover crops Dow Shield, Thistlex & Vivendi containClopyralid which canremain inplantresidues andaffect following crops-ensure the seedoranypartof thetreated plantsmustnotbeused forhumanoranimalfoodfeed(except gamebirds). YES NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO CALLISTO (MAPP 12323) 2.0 L/HA 2.0 L/HA 2.0 L/HA YES YES YES YES YES NO NO NO NO CRYSTAL (MAPP 13914) YES YES HURRICANE (MAPP 16027) 1.7 L/HA 1.7 L/HA 1.7 L/HA 1.7 L/HA 1.7 L/HA 1.7 L/HA 1.7 L/HA 1.7 L/HA 1.7 L/HA 1.7 L/HA YES YES YES NO KERB FLO 2.1 L/HA (MAPP 13716) YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES NO NO NO NO NO BUTISAN S (MAPP 16959) YES YES YES YES YES NO NO NO SPRINGBOK (MAPP 16786) MAX 2.2 MAX 3.3 YES YES YES NO NO NO NO NO NO NO STOMP AQUA (MAPP 14664) 20G FROM3LF 20G/HA 3LF+ 6G FROM3LF 20G/HA 3LF+ YES YES NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 6G 6G 6G ALIAS SX (MAPP 18602) 3.3 L/HA 2.9 L/HA YES YES NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO ANTHEM (MAPP 15761) YES YES YES YES YES YES YES NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO BASAGRAN SG (MAPP 08360) YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES NO NO NO NO BUTISAN S YES NO NO NO NO NO CALLISTO (MAPP 12323) 2.0 L/HA 2.0 L/HA 2.0 L/HA 2.0 L/HA YES YES YES YES YES YES NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO CRYSTAL (MAPP 13914) YES NO SPINNAKER (MAPP 18855) YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES NO NO DOW SHIELD 400 (MAPP 14984) POST EMERGENCEHERBICIDES Agrovista &DLFcannot acceptanyresponsibility foranyloss, damageoraccidentarising from the use of information inthis report. from theuseofinformation Always read thelabel and theassociatedEAMU document priortoany application.Productsare usedentirely atthegrowers own risk. YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO EAGLE (MAPP 16490 or MAPP 18902) YES YES YES YES YES NO NO NO NO FALCON (MAPP 16459) YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO HILOAD MIRCAM (11930) YES HURRICANE (MAPP 16027) YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES NO NO

KERB FLO 2.1L/HA (MAPP 13716) UKLtd The chartbelowwaskindlysuppliedbyAgrovista Considered toposeariskcrophealth, usewithcaution This isnotacompletelistofproductswhichcanbeused on thesecrops. consultaBASISqualified advisor.Always Rates arebasedonL/Haunlessotherwisestated. Rates YES YES YES YES YES YES YES Considered 'crop safe' when correctly applied Considered 'cropsafe'whencorrectlyapplied NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO PEAK (MAPP 15521) to healthycropingoodcondition YES YES YES YES YES NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO STARANE HI-LOAD HL (MAPP 16557) available No information KEY YES YES YES YES YES YES YES NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO STARANE XL (MAPP 10921) 2.2 L/HA 2.2 L/HA 2.9 L/HA 3.3 L/HA 2.2 L/HA 2.9 L/HA 3.3 L/HA YES YES YES NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO STOMP AQUA (MAPP 14664) YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES NO NO NO NO NO THISTLEX (MAPP 16123)

YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES NO NO

VIVENDI 200 (MAPP 16966) Maize Herbicides Game Cover Chemicals Game Cover

Maize Herbicides Titus* Peak* Maister +Mero# Leystar Gyo Gal Gone Entail Elumis Dow Shield400 Callisto Dual Gold Wing-P Pendimethalin

*

Do not apply Peak otherSU containing herbicide(Elumis,Do notapply insequencewithany Entail, or Milagro tothecrop. activitycanbeapplied ofanSUherbicidewithgrassweed Titus) Onlyoneapplication Herbicide

before 20cm&buttress Up toandincl. 9lvs 10 -31May Apr Post emergence Post emergence Post emergence Post emergence Post emergence Post emergence Post emergence Pre-emergence Pre-emergence Pre-emergence Before 4collar Before up to4leaves up to4leaves

2-10lvs 2-8lvs 3-6lvs 2-8lvs 3-6lvs 2-8lvs 2-8lvs 2-6lvs

Crop Timing Crop

Rimsulfuron 25% Prosulfuron 750g/kg iodosulfuron 100g/kg foramsulfuron 300g+ Florasulam 2.5g/l Clopyralid +80g/l Fluroxypyr 100g/l 600g/l Pyrdate Fluroxypyr 200g/l Nicosulfuron 240g/l Nicosulfuron 30g/l Mesotrione 75g/l+ Clopyralid 400g/l Mesotrione 100g/l 960g/l S-metolachlor Pendimethalin 250g/l 212.5g/l + Dimethenamid-p 455g/l Stomp Aqua Anthem 400g/l Most Micro365g/l a.ig/l or kg or a.ig/l

1l/ha 150g 0.75 0.17 0.25 50g 20g litre/ha rate Dose 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.4 4.0 3.3 +

ANTHEM

Grain Maize Grain NO YES YES NO YES NO YES YES NO YES YES YES STOMP & & STOMP

variety

Forage Maize Forage YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES ALL YES YES check check YES

*** * * Wild Radish Wild

Volunteer Potato Volunteer

Volunteer OSR Volunteer 6-LF lf 1true 6-LF

seeding seeding *

Thistle Creeping Thistle

4-LF 4-LV

6-LF * *

Stinking Mayweed Stinking

to up

Sow Thistles Sow 2-LF

6-LF ***

Shepherd's Purse Shepherd's

to up

*** * Scentless Mayweed Scentless MS 4-LF

6-LF

***

Scented Mayweed Scented MS

to up

** * Scarlet Pimpernel Scarlet

** Small Nettle Small 4-LF

** * Redshank 4-LF 1-LF

* Red Dead Nettle Dead Red 4-LF

* *** * Pineappleweed 4-LF

* Pennycress

** * Parsley Piert Parsley 4-LF 1-LF

** * Pale Persicaria Pale 4-LF 1-LF

** * Orache 2-LF

6-LF *** * *

Knotgrass

to up

* Ivy-leaved Speedwell Ivy-leaved

DISCLAIMER

* Henbit Dead Nettle Dead Henbit

*** * Groundsel 4-LF

** Fumitory 2-LF

Agrovista &DLFcannot acceptanyresponsibility foranyloss, inthereport. damageoraccidentarisingfrom theuseofinformation

*** Forget-me-not

*** Fool's Parsley Fool's

* Field Pansy Field 4-LF 6-LF

*** * Field Bindweed Field

8-LF * *

Fat Hen Fat

to up

ling seeding

*

Dock MS

- seed 2-LF

Use Pesticidessafely and always follow manufacturers guidelines. *** * Creeping Buttercup Creeping

*** Corn Marigold Corn 2-LF

Crane's Bill Crane's 4-LF KEY BENEFIT KEY

** Common Poppy Common

* C Hemp Nettle Hemp C

* * C. Field Speedwell Field C. 2-LF

( )=Basedontrials UKLtd The chartbelowwaskindlysuppliedbyAgrovista Litre quantityindicateseffectiveapplicationrate Key

*** ** * @1.5l/ha

5cm ***

C.Chickweed

to up

control canbevariable at fullrate

whorls whorls

***

Cleavers

*

6 - 8 8 - 6 Resistant Moderately resistant Moderately susceptible Susceptible 2

*** Charlock 4-LF

* * Bugloss 4-6 LF 4-6

***

***

Black Nightshade Black

8-LF to up

* *** Black Bindweed Black 2-LF 1-LF

* * Annual Mercury Annual

Amaranthus 6-8 LF 6-8

Wild Oats Wild 4-LF

Volunteer Cereals Cereals Volunteer 4-LF

GS21

Sorghum 2-LF

2-LF

seeding Ryegrass 4-LF

GS21 * Millet

2-LF

Creeping Bent Creeping 4-LF 4-6 LF 4-6 LF 4-6

gr/Digitaria

*

Finger Crab/Hairy

15cm *

Couch

4-6 LF 4-6 up to to up

Cockspur

* * GS21

3-LF Barnyard Grass/ Barnyard

Blackgrass 4-LF RSMG

25

GS30

* Annual Meadow Grass Meadow Annual 2-LF up to to up

GAME COVER CROPS MAIZE to suitallmaizerequirements. securing awell-roundedportfolio have adistinctadvantage when we work withbreeders, which can We are notbreeders ofmaizeso customers. total forage needswithour maize portfoliowhendiscussing seed market complementsthe years. Ourexpertise inthegrass the forage maizemarket formany 26 forage maize varieties available fromDLF. maizevarietiesavailable forage forall Comprehensive technicalsheetsare available 15). next season(BIOGASpage ordersfor somerepeat have season andwealready performed extremely well this for this sector have andourvarieties The biogas sector formaize is growing DLF have beenstrongplayers in Forage Maize • • • • EMMERSON ULTRA EARLY or latersowing options Ultra earlyshort-seasonhybrid forearlierharvest Suitable foranaerobicdigestion Favourable andLessFavourable Sites BSPB/NIAB DescriptiveList2021forboth Setting newstandards forultra earlymaize www.dlf.co.uk/maize-and-arable.aspx These canbefoundat available foreach variety. Individual technical sheets • • • • PEREZ VERY EARLY Suitable foranaerobicdigestion Proven consistentperformance Favourable andLessFavourable Sites BSPB/NIAB DescriptiveList2020forboth Gain higheryieldsfaster! • • • • MARCAMO EARLY MAINCROP Suitable foranaerobicdigestion matterandenergy Very highyieldsofdry Fills theclamp! Favourable and Very Favourable Sites BSPN/NIAB DescriptiveListforboth Game Maize Forage Maize Game Maize Game Maize game cover purposes. the mostsuitableoftheseforour diminish andwecarefully select stocks ofthosebeingreplaced are supersededby newerhybrids, grain varieties. As these varieties stage beencommercial forage or used forgamecover have atsome and feed.Nearlyallmaizevarieties most popular crops used for cover N.B. The laterthesowing datethelater thematurityofmaize. on seasonaland management variations. dependingHeight ofmaize mayvary isstilloneofthe

Treatment Fungicide&BirdRepellenttreated* Pack size50,000seeds early vigourandalow cobcarriage. Varieties are selected for their good standing ability, Rapid Fire isstillourbiggestsellingbrand ofmaize. RAPID FIRE

Treatment Fungicide&BirdRepellenttreated* Pack size50,000seeds of theshootingseason. different times, thusproviding cover throughoutthewhole This willgivedifferingrates ofmaturityascobsripenat Maize Blend is a mixture of varieties with MAIZE BLEND ayn maturity. varying

* Seedtreatment may change subject toavailability attimeoforder. Treatment Fungicide&BirdRepellenttreated* Pack size50,000seeds mature cobbedvarieties throughtheshootingseason. less interest torats andbadgersthatcandecimatemore ittendstobeof conditions. Duetothelatecobformation UKautumnandwinter the 'brightwhite'stageunder normal ability. Itproducesanimmature cobthatonlydevelopsto latematurityandgoodstanding Late Shotisselectedforvery LATE SHOT Rapid Fire Late Shot 27

GAME COVER CROPS GAME COVER CROPS 28 Kale Brassicas

Club Root Kale is still one of the most GOLDENEYE KALE Tolerant GRÜNER ANGELITER SUREFIRE KALE BLEND Club Root Tolerant popular cover crops used today. A very tall variety with good winter hardiness. Grüner A combination of three excellent game cover kale varieties, Goldeneye is a giant type kale especially bred for the game Angeliter is proving to be a significant improvement in the to provide a tall varied canopy. This blend will give superb The main advantage of kale is cover market, selected for the optimum combination of game cover sector and has performed extremely well even cover over an extended period and will give second year height and leaf production. It has a leafy top, strong stem, in difficult growing conditions. It has a high leaf canopy growth with various bolting times. The flowering kale that it will provide cover for the good winter hardiness and good field tolerance of disease, and a thick strong stem with a branching, umbrella-shaped attracts insects and provides shed seed, all helping to draw whole shooting season. Pheasants making it the ideal choice for game cover usage. Goldeneye canopy giving plenty of space for the birds to move about both game and song birds. achieved a higher vigour score than Caledonian kale and underneath. particularly like the combination better club root tolerance in a trial conducted at the Scottish 40% Goldeneye of a good canopy and bare ground Agricultural College in Aberdeen. Sowing rate 3 - 7.5kg/ha 30% Grüner Angeliter Pack size 1kg & 5kg 30% Corsa which allows easy movement in a Sowing rate 3 - 7.5kg/ha Treatment Untreated 100% Pack size 1kg & 5kg relatively dry environment. Sowing rate 3 - 7.5kg/ha Treatment Untreated NEW FOR 2021 Pack size 2kg Treatment Untreated Kale requires soil with a pH of around 6.5, so it is very important to conduct soil analysis prior to sowing. Kale CORSA NEW is a very hungry crop and benefits from the application RECIPE of farmyard manure/slurry prior to sowing. Care should A high yielding, winter hardy giant kale variety with good 2021 Club aphid tolerance. Corsa has been shown to maintain a higher Root be taken with continuous kale as the ground can become Tolerant “brassica sick”; club root (finger and toe) will inhibit leaf percentage and stem quality than other traditional giant OVERDRIVE or prevent the growth of brassica crops but this can be kales. Its soft stem, compared with other giant type kales, A superb combination of winter hardy cover provided by prevented by growing kale and another crop such as maize increases palatability and stock utilisation resulting in the the kale and high quality feed provided by the quinoa. This improved performance of both sheep and cattle. Corsa mixture is excellent for holding birds. in adjacent strips and alternating the strips. NEW FOR delivers a high volume of high quality forage throughout the 50% Quinoa Kale is frequently grown in conjunction with other crops season. 2021 such as quinoa and yellow blossom clover. Selection of any ANGLIAN GOLD 50% Goldeneye Kale such mixture should take into account the required length Sowing rate 3 - 7.5kg/ha Anglian Gold is a low growing kale variety tailored to the 100% of time for which the crop is grown and the potential weed game cover sector. Its dense, leaf-rich canopy, combined Pack size 1kg & 5kg NEW Sowing rate 6kg/ha control that may be required. with good winter hardiness, makes itRECIPE an option for providing Treatment Untreated Pack size 2.5kg plenty of cover throughout the season.2021 Treatment Untreated Flea beetle damage may occur in the early stages of Sowing rate 3 - 7.5kg/ha establishment, regular monitoring of the crop is required as Pack size 1kg & 5kg action may be needed in the event of heavy attack. Treatment Untreated Kale Treatment Untreated Pack size5kg Sowing rate6–10kg/ha varieties withgooddiseaseandboltingresistance. of ahighleaftostemratio cropusingcarefully selected crops. Goodseedlingvigourgivesareliable establishment is ideal for replacing failed crops orpatching spring sown vigorousandquick growingmixture whichThis isavery Zoom is a blend of Winfred hybrid brassica and ZOOM BRASSICAMIXTURE Brassicas Treatment Untreated Pack size10kg&25kg Sowing rate5-7.5kg/ha Alternaria. matteryieldandexcellent resistance to highdry has avery canbegrazedafterjust6-8weeks. leafy turnips Avalon also sown in spring or autumnand for forage production these fastandiswinterhardy.the soilvery This variety canbe Avalon thatislateflowering, leafyturnip isavery covers AVALONLEAFY TURNIP Avalon Leafy Turnip forage rape. Treatment Untreated Pack size10kg&25kg Sowing rate6-10kg/ha wet weather. driving andfeeding. Itislargely unaffectedby frostand spacing betweenrows willprovide goodcover forholding, flowers andgoestoseed.grown Awell cropwithadequate rescue orcatch crop, continuinguntiltheNew Year whenit Forage Rapeisparticularlyusefulinthatitcanbeusedasa FORAGE RAPE Forage Rape Treatment Untreated Pack size5kgand25kg Sowing rate6-10kg/ha establishment tomaturity. rapid medium-tall variety with excellent aphid tolerance and cover forholding, drivingandfeedinggamebirds. Itisa can beusedasarescue orcatch cropthatwillprovide good establishing brassicas. It is a rapid growing brassica that with kaleandisagoodcompaniontouseotherfast Spitfirehybrid is a modern rape created by crossing SPITFIRE HYBRID FORAGE BRASSICA Spitfire

rape Treatment Untreated Pack size2kg Sowing rate5-7.5kg/ha mixture onpages19&36. patching cropwhenspringcropshave failed. Also seeBoost is idealforsuppressing weedsandtheyare oftenusedasa canopy which isgreatforflushingbirds. Theirgrowth rapid establish andprovide frosthardy cover, producingabroken developed from Ethiopian mustard. They are easy to Texsel Greens are afastgrowing, shinyleaved brassica (Brassica carinata) TEXSEL GREENS Texsel Greens 29

GAME COVER CROPS GAME COVER CROPS 30 Sorghums Millets

Sorghum is a semi-tropical, DWARF SORGHUM GIANT SORGHUM Dwarf Sorghum has a short, sturdy, broad-leaved stem and Giant Sorghum is a sorghum x sudan grass hybrid standing non-cob producing, maize-like a substantial seed-head, providing birds with warm cover approximately 2 metres tall and therefore is extremely plant which will provide cover throughout the shooting season. Often sown as a companion useful as a windbreak to protect more vulnerable crops. to maize with the bulkier, shorter sorghum plants giving Its deep rooting system enables it to withstand drought throughout the shooting season. protection to the birds below the taller growing maize plants conditions. Useful as a flushing crop even though it is prone It thrives best in warm, sunny (see Four Ten on p35). to lodging later in the season. growing conditions and therefore Average height 1 - 1.25m under favourable conditions. Sowing rate 30kg/ha Sowing rate 20kg/ha Pack size 10kg is suited to the more southerly Pack size 10kg Treatment Untreated (Not available for 2021) regions of the UK. Sorghum is Treatment Untreated a very slow establishing plant that does not begin to flourish INTERMEDIATE until late July. SORGHUM Over n’ Under Sorghum Mixture Intermediate Sorghum is useful as a windbreak around other game cover crops, providing pheasant and partridge with protection from overhead predators. Earlier sown crops OVER N’ UNDER have the potential to produce large attractive seed-head SORGHUM MIXTURE with excellent standing ability. A combination of two types of sorghum. The shorter Average height up 1.25m under favourable conditions. sorghum gives the birds cover and protection from predators whilst the crop’s excellent standing ability acts as Sowing rate 20kg/ha an effective windbreak. Pack size 10kg Treatment Untreated 90% Dwarf Sorghum 10% Piper Sorghum Sudangrass Giant Sorghum 100% Sowing rate 20 - 25kg/ha Height of Sorghum may vary depending Pack size 10kg Dwarf Sorghum N.B. on seasonal and management variations. Treatment Untreated Sorghums Treatment Untreated Pack size10kg Sowing rate12kg/ha other gamecover crops. sown withmaize, butwillcombinewellwithavariety of required wellif to lastlongerintotheseasonitperforms and if sown alone can be used for early holding cover. When is particularly attractive to grey and red-legged partridges attract wildseed-eatingbirds such asfinches. Whitemillet provides warmth, shelterandfeedforgamebirds andwill UK asitisasunshineloving plantandisnotfrosthardy. It White Millet is best suited to more southerly regions of WHITE MILLET Millets Red Millet White Millet

the

Treatment Untreated Pack size10kg Sowing rate12kg/ha feed crop(see Ambush Millet Mix). with whiteandred milletitprovides anexcellent cover and of themilletfamilyandismore winterhardy. When mixed Japanese ReedMilletisastrongerplantthanothermembers JAPANESE REEDMILLET Treatment Untreated Pack size10kg Sowing rate12kg/ha to frost. Millgame MilletMix). As withothermillets, itissusceptible use with white millet as it extends the feeding period (see well whensown alone. However itisagoodpartnerto Red Milletisearliermaturingthanwhiteanddoesnotstand RED MILLET Japanesse ReedMillet White &RedMillet

Treatment Untreated Pack size10kg Sowing rate12kg/ha 100%

40% end ofmaize. the outsideofablock ofmaizeorasaflushingpointatthe cover. Itisanidealmixture foruseasawind-proofbelton red millet produces plentiful seed to holdthe birds in the and more winterhardy provides cover whilethewhiteand Japanese reed millet. The reed milletbeingastrongerplant Ambush MilletMixisacombinationofwhite, red and AMBUSH 20% 40% Japanese ReedMillet Red Millet White Millet MILLET MIX Millgame MilletMix

Treatment Untreated Pack size10kg Sowing rate12kg/ha 100% with maizecreates anexcellent cover andfeedcrop. amounts ofhighproteinfeedperacre andwhencombined extending thefeedingperiod. This mixture canproducehuge useful as the red matures earlier than thewhite, therefore Millgame MilletMixusesbothred andwhitemilletis MILLGAME MILLETMIX 50% 50% White Millet Red Millet White Millet Millgame MilletMix

31

GAME COVER CROPS GAME COVER CROPS 32 Game Cover Crops Game Cover Crops

Sunflowers are a colourful SUNFLOWER TRITICALE Hybrid variety with good standing ability. Large attractive A wheat/rye hybrid cereal providing good cover and feed sight and are of huge benefit flowers, with high yield potential. Best 'swiped down' to in marginal low fertility areas where it will thrive with little to wildlife. Sunflowers provide enable game birds to reach the nutritious seeds. Can be input. Useful in situations where maize and millet are not drilled with Maize to brighten up your crop. options and where brassica sickness is a problem. Further highly nutritious seed of a high important advantages are its ability to withstand rabbit oil content which is loved by all Sowing rate 12kg/ha attack, winter hardiness and good disease resistance. When Pack size 10kg Untreated sowing in the spring, a true spring type must be used which game and song birds and the 5kg Fungicide treated does not require a period of vernalisation, otherwise the nectar is of great importance to plant will not produce grain. Sowing rate 125kg/ha bees and other insects. Pack size 25kg & 500kg Treatment Untreated In most situations sunflowers are grown in conjunction Organic seed available in 25kg packs (Limited) with many other game crops such as game maize or Quinoa kale, either in mixtures or in adjacent blocks. The young seedlings are very vulnerable to spring slug attack and to wireworm in ground that has previously been in grass, BORAGE QUINOA so a close eye must be kept on the newly planted crop. Borage, also known as starflower, is a quick growing annual Quinoa is capable of producing a plentiful amount of Cambridge rolling following drilling into a good seed bed herb, to a height of 2-3 feet with bright blue flowers; there seed and therefore is a popular choice of crop for holding will help to protect against rook damage. is also a white flowered variation. The crop was traditionally partridge and pheasant. Many species of seed-eating grown for culinary and medicinal uses, although the crop is song-birds are also attracted to the crop. Commonly grown commercially grown today for its oil content. Borage's star with kale, quinoa provides cover and feed until it begins shaped flower attracts bees all summer long. Borage is a self to collapse in the first frosts with the kale providing more seeding plant and likely to reseed itself for many years to permanent cover. come. Sowing rate 5kg/ha Sowing rate 12kg/ha Pack size 2kg Pack size 5kg Treatment Untreated Treatment Untreated

Sunflower Game Cover Crops Game Cover Organic seedavailable in25kgpacks(Limited) Treatment Untreated Pack size2kg, 5kg&10kg Sowing rate7.5-10kg/ha is likely tosetseedandreseed itselfformanyyears tocome. for gamecover itisbestsown aspartofamixture. Phacelia large variety of insects. It is not winter hardy and therefore flowers providing agoodsource ofnectar, beneficialtoa suppressant. It produces a mass of sweet smelling purple A prolificseeder, fast to establishandagoodweed very PHACELIA Crops Game Cover Organic seedavailable in25kg packs(Limited) Treatment Untreated Pack size10kg&25kg Sowing rate50kg/ha Buckwheat thrivesinsunnyrather thanshadedareas. cover andfeedafterthefirstfrostswhencrophasfallen. to itsbulkinessandabilitycontinueprovide holding game birds. Itisausefulcomponenttoaddmixtures due providebeneficial insectswhich addedinterest inturn for large amount of nectar produced attracts bees and other pheasants, partridgeanddeerboth ascover andfeed. The crophighlyattractiveA rapidly to growingshortterm BUCKWHEAT Phacelia

Organic seedavailable in25kg packs Treatment Untreated Pack size10kg&25kg Sowing rate6-17kg/ha green manure crop (see green manure section page 16 - 19). species which alonewould provide nocover. Popular asa This isespeciallyusefulwhensown withseedproducing fallen woody stemswillcreate shelterforthebirds below. is idealforearlycover andalthoughkilledoffby frost, the either sown aloneorasacompaniontootherspecies.It A relatively inexpensive andhighlyversatilecover crop WHITE MUSTARD Treatment Untreated Pack size5kg&25kg Sowing rate5-7.5kg/ha water run-off. beet crops, reducing soilerosion, fertiliserleaching and over-wintering green cover aftermaize, potatoesandsugar excellent weedsuppressant. Itisalsoespeciallyusefulas of thesoilby increasing organic matterandactsasan white mustard, itiswinterhardy. Itwillimprove thehealth crop thatcanbesown between April andSeptember. Unlike A fastgrowing cover cropeasytoestablish50-70day BROWN MUSTARD White Mustard Organic seedavailable in25kgpacks(Limited) Treatment Untreated Pack size10kg&25kg Sowing rate6-8kg/ha providing feedduringthatallimportant gap’. ‘hungry seed in pods which shed in late winter/early spring, thus cover rightthroughtheseason.Inaddition, itholdsits replacement forfailedcrops, andwillcontinuetoprovide being combined.Duetoitsfastgrowth itisvaluable asa eight weeks, justasbirds are losingcover fromthecereals in Julyasitwillbeready toprovide cover withinsixto crop. regions Itisusefulasacatch ifsown cropinnorthern which aidsweedsuppression anditsuseasagreen manure disease. Otherqualitiesare itsspeedofestablishment brassica sickness is a problem due to its immunity to the A fastgrowingcover crop, itsprimeusefulnessbeingwhere (Oil Radish) FODDER RADISH Fodder Radish Brown Mustard

Organic seedavailable in25kg packs(Limited) Treatment Untreated Pack size5kg Sowing rate12kg/ha mix page7). of pleasure withtriticale, barleyandlinseed(seePartridge mixture forexposed areas isproducedby combininggold attractive to birds,a seed very especially partridge. A useful soils. Itisafastmaturing, free-branching plantproducing Another cropwellsuitedtopoorer andnutrientdeficient CAMELINA GOLD OFPLEASURE- Treatment Untreated Pack size25kg Sowing rate60kg/ha sickness hasbeenaproblem. part ofamixture. Itisalsoanotheroptionwhere brassica cover andinterest wellintothewinterespeciallyifsown as Brash. Although notfrosthardy itwillcontinuetoprovide soil types, wellonthinner soilse.g. performing Cotswold partridge. Itisaneasytogrow cropandistolerant ofmany recent years asgamecover andisparticularlyattractive to Traditionally grownforitsoil, linseed has becomepopularin LINSEED Buckwheat

33

GAME COVER CROPS GAME COVER CROPS 34 costs. periods and reduce establishment help reduce workload during busy game and farmland wildlife. They valuable year round habitat for provide cover crops game Perennial LONGER TERMCROPS Game Cover Crops Game Cover Perennial Chicory Treatment Untreated Pack size2kg Sowing rate6kg/ha soil structure andfertility. leguminous anddeeprootingitisinvaluable forimproving Blossom Clover canthriveinthepoorest ofsoils andbeing woody-stemmed clover takingover inthesecondyear. Yellow kale willhelptoprovide cover inthefirst year, withthetall, attractwhich gamebirds inturn andwildlife. Sowing with copious productionofnectaritishighlyattractive toinsects, self-regenerating properties.Owingtoitssweetsmelland A biennialplantwhich canpersistforseveral years duetoits YELLOW BLOSSOMCLOVER Treatment Untreated(Limited) Pack size2.5kg Sowing rate6kg/ha the debrisbeingremoved. grassand toppingisbeneficialifthebecomestootall, with management shouldbeundertaken tokeep therows clear too denseandtherefore impassableforthebirds. Annual grassbecoming wide enoughrows toprevent thecanary in newlyestablishedwoods. Care mustbetaken todrillin too difficultandisagood choice tousebetweentree rows planting isnotanoption, eitherbecauseitisuneconomicor both hold anddrivebirds. It is useful in areas where annual nesting cover forpheasantandpartridgecanbeusedto Grass provides excellentCanary mediumtolongterm (Phalaris aquatica) CANARY GRASS

Treatment Untreated Pack size2kg Sowing rate5kg/ha high mineral contentincludingzinc, potassiumandcopper. and has a wet ground) major pests (but does not like very is required. It has good tolerance to drought, acid soils and a 6-7ft flowering hedge, usefulwhere a perimeter barrier Creates tall, densecover, boltinginitssecondyear tocreate PERENNIAL CHICORY Treatment Untreated Pack size2.5kg Sowing rate6kg/ha tall, withthedebrisremoved. keep therows clear. Topping isbeneficialifitbecomes too too dense. Annual managementshouldbeundertaken to rather than broadcasting or the crop will become necessary feeding. As with Phalaris aquaticadrillinginwiderows is left unplantedorlatercutouttoprovide areas forartificial cover anddoesnotprovide feedsobare patches maybe provides wildbirds withnestingsites. The cropispurely for It notonlyoffersnestingandcover topheasantsbutalso hardier plantandwilltolerate awiderange ofsoiltypes. regionssuitable foruseinexposed asitisamuch northern Grass issimilar to Phalaris aquatica but is Reed Canary (Phalaris arundinacea) REED CANARY GRASS

more

REARING PENMIX Pack size15kg Sowing rate32-37kg/ha 100% 15% Treatment Untreated Pack size1kg Sowing rate6-8kg/ha create anexcellent cover crop. attractive to both. When sown alongside other species it can pheasant andpartridge, itsdistinctivesmellmakes ithighly A perennial plantwhich provides excellent cover forboth GREEN FENNEL GENERAL PURPOSE 20% 23% 25% 5% 5% 7% White Clover Birdsfoot Trefoil FescueMeadow Timothy Creeping RedFescue PerennialLate Ryegrass(Diploid) Amenity Perennial Ryegrass Reed Canary Grass&Chicory Reed Canary

Game Cover Mixtures Game Cover Game Cover Crops Game Cover requirements canbearranged. mixtures to suit individual specific another. In these cases, specialised will fitthebillforone reason or instances whennoneoftheabove However, there are sometimes and cover where bothare required. types of game and provide feed help toattract andholdspecific can extend the utilisation period, different speciesintoamixture from yourcover crops.Combining you willbeabletoachieve thebest to ensureare specially formulated Our range of game cover mixtures Mixtures Game Cover Sundown Mixture Treatment Fungicidetreatments Pack size13kg Sowing rate32kg/ha 100% 20% cover andfeed.Itisnotrecommended formarginal areas. potential ofthespecies. This mixture provides fullseason and sunflowers thatcombinefantasticfeedingandcover A carefully blendedmixture ofgamecover maize, sorghum SUNDOWN MIXTURE Treatment Fungicidetreatments Pack size14kg Sowing rate35kg/ha 100% techniques. below themaize. These specieshave similarhusbandry season. Sorghum will provide added warmth and cover This mixture will provide cover and feed throughout MIXTURE FOUR TEN 15% 65% 30% 70% Partridge Mix, Northernsownmixturessee page11 Dwarf Sorghum Sunflower Game Maize Dwarf Sorghum Game Maize For WildBirdMixtures seepages10&11

the and rolling. broadcast toachieve optimumestablishment.Ensure thattreated seed iscovered by harrowing game birds. The sunflowers addanattractive splashofcolour. Duetothe variance inseedsize mixture isdesignedforafullseasonofcover thatwillprovide holding, feedandcover forall A traditional mixture ofspeciesespeciallyselectedfortheir feedandcover qualities. This TRADITIONAL GAMECOVER MIXTURE Treatment Untreated Pack size10kg Sowing rate15kg/ha 100% 10%

34% control withchemicals such asClopyralid. year. Species selected to facilitateeconomicalweed cover. This mixture can be left to regenerate for a second A combinationofspeciesselectedtoprovide feedand BROADSHOT MIXTURE 10% 17% 4% 4% Quinoa 5% 8% 8% Crimson Clover Japanese ReedMillet Red Millet Forage Rape Phacelia White Millet Goldeneye Kale Buckwheat Traditional Mixture GameCover

Treatment Various treatments Pack size10kg Sowing rate25kg/ha Treatment Untreated Pack size10kg Sowing rate20kg/ha 100% 22% 23% the seedsare ofsimilarsize. throughout the season. It is easy to sow and establish as all which will provide excellent cover andfeed will last A combinationofeightsmallseedproducingspecies DECOY GAMEMIXTURE 18% 18% 2% 3% 7% 7% Gold ofPleasure Japanese ReedMillet White Mustard Fodder Radish White Millet Red Millet Buckwheat Linseed

Northern StarMixture 100% 0.5% 2.5% 2.5% 9.5% 10.5% 14% 17.5% 12% 15% 15% 1% Phacelia Gold ofPleasure Rape Forage Mustard White Kale Sunflower Sorghum Intermediate Buckwheat Red Millet Game Maize White Millet

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GAME COVER CROPS Fast growing crops that have potential to provide cover & seed quickly

GAME COVER CROPS 36 Game Cover Mixtures

LATE COVER AND RESCUE MIXTURES LATE COVER MIXTURE KWIK FIX ZOOM BRASSICA MIXTURE A rapidly establishing and maturing mixture providing This is a flexible cover crop which can be used to patch Zoom is a mixture of Winfred hybrid brassica and forage rape. winter cover to the height of 2 - 3 feet. It is often used as failed spring game covers. Mustard increases the cover This is a very vigorous and quick growing mixture which a patching crop where spring crops have failed. This mixture element and fodder radish prolongs the cover period. This is ideal for replacing failed crops or patching spring sown will tolerate drought conditions. mixture will not provide full season cover, but it is more crops. High seedling vigour gives a reliable establishment 60% Forage Rape winter hardy than straight mustard. of a high leaf to stem ratio crop with carefully selected 28% Stubble Turnips 80% Fodder Radish varieties that have good disease and bolting resistance. 7% White Mustard 20% White Mustard 5% Fodder Radish Sowing rate 6 - 10kg/ha 100% Pack size 5kg 100% Sowing rate 12 - 15kg/ha Treatment Untreated Sowing rate 12 - 15kg/ha Pack size 5kg Pack size 5kg Treatment Untreated Treatment Untreated

RESCUE MIXTURE A rapid establishing and maturing mixture providing cover and potentially seeds in 16 weeks from sowing. Excellent BOOST MIXTURE as a rescue mixture for patching failed crops or where a A fast growing, quick to establish, frost hardy crop. later sown crop is required. Ideal to sow in late summer or early autumn to provide 50% Buckwheat cover that will last throughout the winter. Excellent as a 15% Fodder Radish ‘rescue’ mixture for patching failed crops or when a later 15% White Mustard sown crop is required. 10% Gold of Pleasure 70% Brassica Carinata 10% Texsel Greens 10% Hybrid Brassica 100% 10% Fodder Radish 10% Brown Mustard Sowing rate 12kg/ha Pack size 10kg 100% Treatment Untreated Sowing rate 6 - 10kg/ha Pack size 5kg Treatment Untreated Late Cover Mixture Zoom Brassica Mixture Game Cover Mixtures Forage Crops Selector 37 TEXT FORAGE CROPS

Forage crops provide an Suggested Guide to Average Sowing Rate Seedbed Fertiliser extremely cost effective way of kg / Hectare (kg) ha Crop

supplementing livestock rations DM) Guide Period Grazing Page No. Page Grazings (D-Value) Width cm Depth cm Pack Size Pack Utilisation Broadcast Direct Drill N P K CP (% DM) Digestibility during times when fodder may be ME (MJ/Jkg Sowing Date Average Drill Average Average Row Average No of possible Dry Matter (%) scarce, during dry spells in summer Days Sowing to 10kg & Apr-mid Stubble Turnip 38 7.5 5 Jun-Jan 1-2 n/a 75 40 40 60-100 1 12-15 70 17-18 10-11 and the cold winter months. They 25kg Sept will supply substantial quantities Main Crop Turnip 38 2kg 5 2.5 - 3.5 May-Jul Oct-Jan 1-2 n/a 40 80 100 60-100 2+ 12-15 80 17-18 10-11 10kg & May-end 39 10 6 Jun-Jan 1-2 n/a 20 40 40 90-100 2 10-12 70 19-20 10-11 of palatable material at relatively Forage Rape 25kg Sept 1ac low production costs, balancing Precision drill 12- 40 50,000 - Mar-May Oct-Mar 2.5-3 50-60 110 50 50 - - 12-19 78 12-13 Fodder Beet 100,000/ha 12.5 the amount of bought-in feed seeds Precision drill 45-70 required. 500g 370-865 kg/ graded 41 2.5 - 5 Apr-June Aug-Mar 1-2 40 80 100 170-250 1 17-20 82 10-11 12-13 Swede & 1kg ha grade H 40 ICON KEY Direct Drill 1 natural Kale 42 1kg 7.5 2.5 - 5 Apr-Jul Sept-Mar 1-2 50 100 50 120 150-220 1 15-17 68 14-17 10-11

5kg & May- 39 10 6 Jul-Dec 1-2.5 15-20 20 40 40 90-110 2 12-15 70 18-19 10-11 Spitfire 25kg end Sept

LIFTING CATTLE SHEEP CULINARY Zoom 39 5kg 10 6 April-Sept Sept-Jan 1-2 various 110 55 55 90-110 2 12-15 70 18-19 10-11 GRAZING GRAZING USE mid Rapid Root Mixture 43 5kg 8.5 6 Apr-mid Jul-Dec 1-2 n/a 60 50 50 ------Stock should be introduced gradually Sept mid over a two week period and an area of Post 43 5kg 8.5 6 Jul-mid 1-2 n/a 60 50 50 ------Winter Graze Mixture Christmas grassland should be available for animals Sept to return to. Water and hay or straw should Source: NIAB also be made available. Please contact DISCLAIMER These tables are given in good faith and intended for general guidance only. Weather, local conditions and crop rotations must always be taken into account. your supplier for further guidance. Always consult a FACTS qualified advisor. FORAGE CROPS 38 Turnips Forage Rape

Stubble Turnips are a fast growing Bulbing types Non Bulbing types Main Crop Turnip catch crop, popular with livestock farmers. They may be sown after first cut Later maturing than stubble turnips and silage for summer grazing or after winter BARKANT TYFON with higher dry matter, higher yields cereals for autumn usage. When planting A winter hardy, highly digestible variety with high dry matter. A leafy, fast growing cross between Chinese cabbage and Produces large tankard shaped roots which are palatable by both stubble turnip. It exhibits high frost resistance and can be and better winter hardiness. They have a large acreage it is advisable to stagger sheep and cattle. This is a proven and reliable stubble turnip. utilised within eight to ten weeks after sowing. There is a growing period of 12 – 15 weeks and sowing dates, increasing the seed rate potential for regrowth. Sowing rate 5 - 7.5kg/ha provide excellent autumn and early winter in dry conditions. If being used for dairy Pack sizes 10kg & 25kg Sowing rate 5 - 7.5kg/ha Treatment Untreated Pack size 5kg feed for sheep and cattle. cow grazing it is important to take into Treatment Untreated consideration the distance between the VOLLENDA (Tetraploid) field and the milking parlour. Strip grazing AVALON LEAFY TURNIP GREEN GLOBE A large leafed, highly digestible variety with good is advisable if possible to limit wastage. Green Globe turnips produce soft, easily eaten roots that are early vigour and good disease resistance. It retains its Avalon is a very leafy turnip that can be sown in spring or autumn well anchored into the ground, suitable for grazing by all There are two types of stubble turnip: palatability throughout the season, and is noted for its yield, for forage production these leafy turnips can be grazed after types of stock. They will provide a very high fresh yield from just 6-8 weeks. Avalon also has a very high dry matter yield. bulbing (see Barkant and Vollenda) and non speed of growth and bolting resistance. large bulbs and are utilised between October and January, Sowing rate 5 - 7.5kg/ha Sowing rate 5 - 7.5kg/ha preferably strip grazed to reduce waste. bulbing (see Tyfon and Avalon). Pack size 10kg & 25kg Pack sizes 10kg & 25kg Sowing rate Drill 2.5 - 3.5kg/ha Broadcast 5kg/ha Treatment Untreated Treatment Untreated (Limited) Pack size 2kg Stubble Turnips Yield and Feed Quality Variety Barkant Vollenda(T) Tyfon Treatment Untreated Sow Late May to July Average Dry Matter Yield 3.5 - 4.5 tonnes/ha Relative Yield of Dry Matter 104 102 102 Average Fresh Yields 38 - 45 tonnes/ha Dry Matter Content (%) 9.5 9.7 8.9 Variety GREEN GLOBE Root Size (9=large 1=small) 4 5 2 100% = Tonnes/ha Crude Protein 17 - 18% (mainly leaves) Root Anchorage (9=good 1=poor) 5 4 6 Total Dry Matter Yield (%) (5.7t/ha) 100 Digestibility Value 68 - 70% Bolting Resistance (early sown) (9=good 1=poor) 6 9 3 Total Fresh Yield (%) (70.6 t/ha ) 100 Dry Matter 8 - 9% Winter Hardiness (9=good 1=poor) 7 7 5 Dry Matter (%) 8.2 Metabolisable Energy 11MJ/kg DM Club Root (9=good 1=poor) 7 8 5 Powdery Mildew Resistance (9 = Best) 4 Sugars in DM 55% Powdery Mildew Resistance (9=good 1=poor) 5 5 3 Root Shape (9 = Best) 6 Source: NIAB Source: Advanta & SCRI trials Turnips Forage Rape Forage root mixtures). for 43 these crops of (seepage benefits combine to kale many the and turnips mixed be stubble can with Rape Forage wastage. avoid to excessive graze strip to isbetter It flushing for issuperb ewes. and autumn the in season grazing the extends rape Forage lambs in autumn/winter. the fattening for suitable is also in it spring, the planted when farmers livestock for production midsummer boosting forage for crop catch ideal isan It by sheep cattle. or grazing for suitable growing crop fast being a very Forage Rape Metabolisable energy matter Dry Digestibility value Crude protein Average fresh yields Average matteryield dry Forage RapeYield andFeed Quality has the advantage of advantage the has 10 -11MJ/kgDM 12 -14% 65D 19 -20%(mainlyleaves) 24 -35tonnes/ha 3.5 -4tonnes/ha EMERALD Treatment Untreated Pack size10kg&25kg Sowing rate6-10kg/ha soil structure. benefit isitswidelybranched rootsystemforimprovement of digestible, remaining palatablewellintothewinter. An added good feeding quality,has very being high in protein and easily yields andgoodgeneral diseaseresistance. Importantly, it weeks aftersowing. matter Itisfastgrowingwithaverage dry establishing, mediumtotallleafyplantsmaturingin10-12 Emerald isaproven, wellknown variety producingrapidly

Treatment Untreated Pack size5kg Sowing rate6-10kg/ha varieties thathave good diseaseandboltingresistance. of ahighleaftostemratio cropwithcarefully selected crops. Highseedlingvigourgivesareliable establishment is idealforreplacing failedcropsorpatching springsown vigorousandquick growing mixture whichThis isavery Zoom is a blend of Winfred hybrid brassica and MIXTURE ZOOM BRASSICA forage rape. Doll, Brora, Sutherland, Scotland Iain McKenzie itbeforeIreseedwithgrassinthespring.”sheep over There aresomeregrowthshootsnowsoImightgetthe to it, it. theyjustloved grazing offit. Itwaschesthighandoncetheygotused early Octoberandtheygot6weeksoftremendous “I putmyAngusXbullocksintothiscropofZoomin

Treatment Untreated Pack size5kg&25kg Sowing rate6-10kg/ha produces highqualityforage withgoodutilisationatgrazing. matter (DM%)stem. low DM%contentofthestem The very of Spitfire are excellent yield, insecttolerance, andalow dry in earlyautumnforqualitywinterfeed. The mainstrengths planting inspringforexcellent summerandautumnfeedor damage tostems.Spitfire isamulti–purpose rape suitablefor growth potentialbutneedstobecarefully managedtoavoid and rapid establishmenttomaturity. goodre- Italsohasvery matter yield, excellent aphidtolerance, goodstock palatability establishing brassicas. It is a medium-tall variety with high dry with kaleandisagoodcompaniontouseotherfast Spitfirehybrid isamodern rape created by crossing rape SPITFIRE HYBRID FORAGE BRASSICA your supplierfor furtherguidance. also bemade available. Please contact to; waterto return and hay or straw should grassland shouldbeavailable foranimals over atwo weekperiodandanarea of Stock shouldbeintroducedgradually

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TEXTFORAGE CROPS FORAGE CROPS Fodder Beet 40 Seed Treatment -Force10&Pelleted Untreatedseed(Limited) Pack size-50,000seedsperacre tonnes of protein-rich dry matterperhectare.tonnes ofprotein-rich dry wilting, thetopsmaybefedtostock andcancontributea furtheryieldof3-4 these varieties mayneedtobechopped andwashed before feeding. After toliftthem.Due tothehigherdirttare andhardness oftheroot,harvester matter varieties andrequire tendtositfurtherintheground asugarbeet dirt tare. These highlypalatablerootscanbefedwholeto stock. Highdry andcanbeliftedwithatoplifterthereforeground have arelatively low mattervarieties tendtohaveMedium dry ahigherpercentage ofrootabove unless theyare stripgrazed insitu. equipment is required to lift the roots and storageharvesting is required palatable to stock and haveThe roots are superb feed quality. very Specialist yields ofhighqualityfodderandisanexcellent supplementtograsssilage. Sugars inDM Metabolisable energy matter Dry Digestibility value Crude protein Average fresh yields Average matteryield dry Fodder BeetYield andFeed Quality Fodder Beet isgrown asamainrootcrop. Itcanproducesubstantial 65% 12 -12.5MJ/kgDM 12 -19% 78D 12 -13% 95 -110tonnes/ha 17 -22tonnes/ha the ground whichthe ground allows foreasylifting. large topsizeandhas33%of its root above disease andbolting. Jamonbenefits from matter yields. It has good resistance to leaf highly palatableorange rootwithaverage dry consistent variety producing aclean A very JAMON mostly above ground. are that roots red from yields fresh high exceptional has It 14.6%. of matter dry low its with grazing for variety ideal An MONRO Good resistance tobolting. above which ground allows foreasylifting. top sizeandhas33%ofitsyellow root and more profit. Alpes benefits fromlarge characteristics, thusensuringlesswaste programme. It has exceptional all round the world leadingDLFplantbreeding The ultimate fodder beet variety from ALPES

Monro

as inthewestandotherareas. sugarbeet isawidelygrowncrop, aswell where growing intheeastofcountry Rhizomania tolerant andsoissuitablefor hastheadditionalbenefitofbeing Enermax approximately 5tonnesDM/ha. the rootonly, withthebeettopsadding can produce21tonnes/DM/hafrom 2010 -2011), hasshown thatEnermax Magnum. Official variety testing(Denmark with thewell-known andpopularvariety It has a higher root yield when compared for thebio-fuelmarket. cleaner endproductparticularly important root and is shallow rooting, resulting in a hasaclean,Enermax white, smooth-skinned yielding withalow dirttare. fodder andbio-energy production. High An exciting dualpurposevariety forboth ENERMAX

Enermax Rhizomania Tolerant Risley, Warrington C &GMoss else." anything grow to plans no have We market. potential our widened has which potatoes to option aviable with us providing roots clean and matter dry high healthy, with vigorous high growth yield, has it Enermax, with pleased very We are order. to harvested crop, acash as sell to grown is It rotation. our in potatoes replaced has it beet, fodder Enermax "This is season our growing fourth white rootintheground. varieties withahighproportionofclean, content itismore frostresistant thanother matter weight gain.Duetoitshighdry shown toincrease milkyieldanddailylive matter fodder beet has been Higher dry matterintake inallstock. appetite anddry palatable variety therefore increasing matter yields. It is a very reliable high dry Magnum hasaconsistentrootsizeand MAGNUM results in a very high yieldof105%. results inavery With amediumDMintherootit high position above the ground. regular shapeoftherootandits lifted onallsoiltypes, duetothe roots.Bangoriseasily and uniform Troya – resulting in a yield increase acknowledged varieties Kyrosand on the illustrious/long-time- Bangor isanimprovement BANGOR OUTSTANDING PRODUCTOFTHEYEAR talking about it!

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Swedes Fodder Beet Swedes 41 FORAGE CROPS

Swedes are a full season root crop which are mainly fed in situ, AIRLIE MARIAN RUTA OTOFTE KENMORE but can also be lifted and stored in a clamp. They are an excellent high energy winter feed. It is advisable to use an electric fence Airlie is a low to medium dry matter Marian is a medium dry matter Ruta Otofte is a medium dry matter Kenmore is an early maturing variety variety with a very high fresh yield and variety with moderate resistance variety with good mildew resistance. with medium dry matter, best suited to reduce wastage. They do best in areas of high rainfall, so are good disease resistance. It is a dual to club root. It is a dual purpose It is a dual purpose variety suitable for as stock feed not culinary use. It has generally grown in the more northerly and western areas of the purpose variety suitable for fodder variety suitable for fodder and fodder and culinary use with purple good winter hardiness which means and culinary use with purple skin and culinary use with yellow coloured skin and cream coloured flesh. Ruta it has a very wide utilisation window. UK. Swedes can be grown in a wide range of soil types with good creamy white flesh. Airlie is an early to flesh and purple skin. Otofte is a popular variety with sheep Kenmore has bronze skin with white drainage as they are sensitive to compaction and poor drainage; intermediate use variety. farmers. flesh. they do best in soils with a pH of approximately 6.5. The majority of swede crops are now sown with precision drills which require a Variety Airlie Marian Ruta Otofte Kenmore level seed bed. Varieties are generally classed as fodder or culinary Fodder ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ types; however there are some dual purpose types. Culinary ✓ ✓ ✓ All natural seed is packed in 1 kg packs Untreated Root shape (9=globe 1=tankard) 6 4 5 5 Skin colour Light purple Purple Dark purple Bronze All graded seed is packed in 0.5 kg packs Untreated Flesh colour Creamy white Yellow Cream White

Swede Yield and Feed Quality Seed Rate Calculator Guide - No. of Seeds X 1000 Average dry matter yield 7 - 10 tonnes/ha Spacings Row Width Average fresh yields 70 - 80 tonnes/ha 18” 20” 22” 24” 26” 28” Crude protein 10 - 11% Spacings 2” 174 157 143 131 121 112 Spacings 3” 116 105 95 87 80 75 Digestibility value 82D Spacings 4” 87 78 71 65 60 56 Dry matter 9 - 13% Spacings 5” 70 63 57 52 48 45 Metabolisable energy 12.8 - 13.1 MJ/kg DM Spacings 6” 58 52 48 44 40 37 Sugars in DM 59% (For seed size grade H (1.75 - 2.00mm) 1000 seed weight grade H approx 3.2g) FORAGE CROPS (See page28). UK. Kalecanalsobeusedasgamecover and can grow on most sites throughout the it doesnotover-mature. adaptable Itisvery advisable tostaggersowing datestoensure ensure both leafandstemare eaten.Itis grazed toavoid excessive wastage and the grazingseason. This cropisbeststrip kaleage. useful as it can extend Kale is very canbeensiledasbigbale as analternative also becutandfedtostock ‘in house’or grazing intheautumnandwinter. Itcan Kale 42 Sugars inDM Metabolisable energy matter Dry Digestibility value Crude protein Average fresh yields Average matteryield dry Kale Yield andFeed Quality isabrassica traditionally grownfor Kale 17% 10 -11MJ/kgDM 14 -16% 68D 19 -25%ensiled 16 -17%fresh, 60 –65tonnes/ha 8 -10tonnes/ha

CORSA Treatment Untreated Pack size1kg&5kg Sowing rate2.5-7.5kg/ha season. delivers ahighvolumeofqualityforage throughoutthe ofbothsheepandcattle.improved performance Corsa increases palatabilityandstock utilisationresulting in the kales. Itssoftstem, compared withothergianttypekales, leaf percentage andstemqualitythanothertraditional giant aphid tolerance. Corsahasbeenshown tomaintainahigher A highyielding, winterhardy giantkalevariety withgood

GRÜNER ANGELITER Treatment Untreated Pack size1kg&5kg Sowing rate2.5-7.5kg/ha cattle andaswinterfeedforsheep. Its high yields make and beef it ideal for utilisation by dairy introduction to the UK has become equally popular over here. variety ofkaleinNewZealandformanyyears andsinceits trials. Grüner Angeliter hasbeenthemainstayforage inGerman Caledonian kaleand10%higherthanBittern excellent feeding quality with fresh yields15% higher than highyieldingvariety withgoodwinterhardinessA very and

PROTEOR Treatment Untreated Pack size1kg&5kg Sowing rate2.5-7.5kg/ha hardiness andgooddiseaseresistance. Proteor isahighyielding, mediumheightkalewithwinter therefore increasing palatability and stock utilisation. An excellent leafy variety withhigh leaf tostemratio, Yenston, Somerset Giles Support. Cancer MacMillan for money raise to locally them sells and sunflowers the picks he happy, feel him makes and face his to asmile brings it says Giles pollinators! of host awhole attract The incorporation of DLF sunflowers contract. on rears he that heifers winter out to kale DLF grows Giles

1 2 0 2 RECIPE

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1 2 0 2 NEW FOR NEW

Root Mixtures&ArableSilage Kale Root Mixtures & Arable Silage 43 FORAGE CROPS

Root Mixtures Arable Silage Mixtures offer an alternative or additional feed to grass The following two catch crop mixtures combine the benefits of stubble or maize silage and are particularly suitable for farmers wishing to turnips and forage rape, excellent for fattening lambs during autumn increase their levels of home-produced protein and reduce their reliance and winter providing winter keep for all stock. These mixtures have on purchased feed and fertiliser. They produce a cost-effective, high been in great demand over recent years and the results from stock quality forage of consistent quality and palatability, with high yields utilisation have been excellent. of dry matter even in dry seasons and cold weather. They can be self- fed from the silage-face or as bales and their early harvest allows for earlier drilling of other autumn combinable crops or reseeding of grass. RAPID ROOT (pre December use) WINTER GRAZE (post Christmas use) The forage rape element of this mixture ensures quick A mixture of palatable, proven varieties ideal for sowing after CONVENTIONAL ORGANIC MIXTURES STRAIGHTS establishment and high protein yields, whilst the stubble winter cereals. The mixture is suitable for post Christmas turnips provide energy and stockholding capacity. The MIXTURES grazing as it exhibits very good winter hardiness, which is Rather than grow a mixture, some mixture is ideal for fattening stock and will provide grazing Organic Pea & Barley No.1 improved by the addition of the kale. Sow mid July - mid growers prefer to grow a single crop from July through to December. Sow mid April - mid Pea & Barley No.1 35% Organic Spring Barley September on it's own. We can offer Vetch and September 66% Spring Peas 35% Organic Spring Peas 60% Stubble Turnip 34% Spring Barley 30% Spring Peas Lucerne for these situations. 60% Forage Rape 35% Forage Rape Spring or Winter Vetch 35% Stubble Turnip 5% Kale Barley Pro Plus No.2 Organic Barley Pro Plus No.2 5% Kale 50% Spring Barley 50% Organic Spring Barley Packed in 25kg bags Contact us 100% 100% 20% Maple Peas 20% Organic Spring Peas Organic Vetch for more Sowing rate 6 - 8.5kg/ha 20% Peas 20% Prophet or Bluetooth Peas Packed in 25kg bags information Sowing rate 6 - 8.5kg/ha Pack size 5kg 10% Spring Vetch 10% Spring Vetch Lucerne (inoculated) Pack size 5kg Treatment Untreated Treatment Untreated Oat Pro Plus No.3 Organic Oat Pro Plus No.3 Packed in 25kg bags 36% Spring Peas 35% Organic Spring Barley Organic Lucerne (inoculated) 32% Spring Barley 35% Organic Spring Oats Packed in 25kg bags 32% Spring Oats 30% Prophet or Bluetooth Peas Stock should be introduced gradually over a two week period and an area of grassland should be available for animals to return to. Water, hay or straw should also be made All mixtures are available packed in 500kg bags. Treatment: Various and Organic Untreated available. Please contact your supplier for further guidance. The suggested sowing rate for all mixtures is 150kg - 225kg per hectare. Book early to avoid disappointment. 2021

Honey Pot Lane, Colsterworth, Grantham, Lincolnshire NG33 5LY Tel: 01476 862638 Email: [email protected] www.openfield.co.uk