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Applications of Machine Learning in Common Agricultural Policy at the Rural Payments Agency
Applications of Machine Learning in Common Agricultural Policy at the Rural Payments Agency Sanjay Rana Senior GIS Analyst GI Technical Team Reading 1 What are you gonna find out? • Knowing me and RPA (and knowing you - aha ?!) • How are we using Machine Learning at the RPA? – Current Activities – Random Forest for Making Crop Map of England – Work in Progress Activities – Deep Learning for Crop Map of England, Land Cover Segmentation, and locating Radio Frequency Interference • I will cover more on applications of Machine Learning for RPA operations, and less about technical solutions. 2 My resume so far… Geology GIS GeoComputation Academics Researcher & Radio DJ Consultant Civil Servant Lecturer Profession 3 Rural Payments Agency Rural Payments Agency (RPA) is the Defra agency responsible for the distribution of subsidies to farmers and landowners in England under all the EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) schemes. 4 Area Based Payments/Subsidies Claim Claim Validation Visual Checks Machine Learning Control Helpline 5 A bit more info on Controls • To calculate correct CAP payments, the RPA Land Parcel Information System (LPIS) is constantly being updated with information from customers, OS MasterMap, Aerial Photographs and Satellite Images. • But, in addition as per EU regulations, claims from approximately 5% of customers must be controlled (i.e. checked) annually. Failure to make correct payments lead to large penalties for Member States. France had a disallowance of 1 billion euro for mismanaging CAP funds during 2009- 2013. • Controls/Checks are done either through regular Field Inspections (20%), or Remotely with Very High Resolution Satellite Images (80%) for specific areas* to ascertain farmer declaration of agricultural (e.g. -
Having Your Head & Neck Surgery in Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital
Your operation will be performed at We request that visitors respect other Discharge Exeter Hospital (Wonford) by your patients on the ward and keep noise On the morning of your discharge, Torbay Surgeon M………………… levels to a minimum. following breakfast, you may be asked During your recovery you will be to dress and sit in the dayroom. This cared for by the Exeter Team. Once Well behaved and supervised children enables us to prepare the bed for the you are fit to go home, your care are welcome. We also ask that visitors next patient. Please allow up to 4 will revert back to the Team at sit on the chairs provided and not on hours for your medication to be Torbay. the beds. dispensed from the pharmacy. Otter ward Please always use the hand gel A follow up appointment to see your provided when arriving and leaving the Torbay surgeon will be arranged by Otter ward is situated on Level 2 Area ward. the Torbay team and will be sent to J. It is a 24 bedded ward which your home address after you have specialises in Ear, Nose & Throat, been discharged from Otter ward. Oral & Maxillofacial and Ophthalmic Ward meal & snack times Surgery You will be admitted to Knapp Ward Breakfast is served at 8am. Level 2 in the Orthopaedic Centre on Wednesday morning for operation on Morning drinks and snacks at 10 am. the same day and transferred to Otter Ward after your operation. Lunch is served at 12 pm. If you feel this is not possible, please Afternoon drinks and snacks 3 pm. -
This Document Was Withdrawn on 6 November 2017
2017. November 6 on understanding withdrawn was water for wildlife document This Water resources and conservation: the eco-hydrological requirements of habitats and species Assessing We are the Environment Agency. It’s our job to look after your 2017. environment and make it a better place – for you, and for future generations. Your environment is the air you breathe, the water you drink and the ground you walk on. Working with business, Government and society as a whole, we are makingNovember your environment cleaner and healthier. 6 The Environment Agency. Out there, makingon your environment a better place. withdrawn was Published by: Environment Agency Rio House Waterside Drive, Aztec West Almondsbury, Bristol BS32 4UD Tel: 0870document 8506506 Email: [email protected] www.environment-agency.gov.uk This© Environment Agency All rights reserved. This document may be reproduced with prior permission of the Environment Agency. April 2007 Contents Brief summary 1. Introduction 2017. 2. Species and habitats 2.2.1 Coastal and halophytic habitats 2.2.2 Freshwater habitats 2.2.3 Temperate heath, scrub and grasslands 2.2.4 Raised bogs, fens, mires, alluvial forests and bog woodland November 2.3.1 Invertebrates 6 2.3.2 Fish and amphibians 2.3.3 Mammals on 2.3.4 Plants 2.3.5 Birds 3. Hydro-ecological domains and hydrological regimes 4 Assessment methods withdrawn 5. Case studies was 6. References 7. Glossary of abbreviations document This Environment Agency in partnership with Natural England and Countryside Council for Wales Understanding water for wildlife Contents Brief summary The Restoring Sustainable Abstraction (RSA) Programme was set up by the Environment Agency in 1999 to identify and catalogue2017. -
Healthy Ecosystems East Anglia a Landscape Enterprise Networks Opportunity Analysis
1 Healthy Ecosystems East Anglia A Landscape Enterprise Networks opportunity analysis Making Landscapes work for Business and Society Message LENs: Making landscapes 1 work for business and society This document sets out a new way in which businesses can work together to influence the assets in their local landscape that matter to their bottom line. It’s called the Landscape Enterprise Networks or ‘LENs’ Approach, and has been developed in partnership by BITC, Nestlé and 3Keel. Underpinning the LENs approach is a systematic understanding of businesses’ landscape dependencies. This is based on identifying: LANDSCAPE LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS ASSETS The outcomes that beneficiaries The features and depend on from the landscape in characteristics LANDSCAPE order to be able to operate their in a landscape that underpin BENEFICIARIES businesses. These are a subset the delivery of those functions. Organisations that are of ecosystem services, in that These are like natural capital, dependent on the they are limited to functions in only no value is assigned to landscape. This is the which beneficiaries have them beyond the price ‘market’. sufficient commercial interest to beneficiaries are willing to pay make financial investments in to secure the landscape order to secure them. functions that the Natural Asset underpins. Funded by: It provides a mechanism It moves on from It pulls together coalitions It provides a mechanism Benefits 1 for businesses to start 2 theoretical natural capital 3 of common interest, 4 for ‘next generation’ intervening to landscape- valuations, to identify pooling resources to share diversification in the rural of LENs derived risk in their real-world value propositions the cost of land management economy - especially ‘backyards’; and transactions; interventions; relevant post-Brexit. -
South West River Basin District Flood Risk Management Plan 2015 to 2021 Habitats Regulation Assessment
South West river basin district Flood Risk Management Plan 2015 to 2021 Habitats Regulation Assessment March 2016 Executive summary The Flood Risk Management Plan (FRMP) for the South West River Basin District (RBD) provides an overview of the range of flood risks from different sources across the 9 catchments of the RBD. The RBD catchments are defined in the River Basin Management Plan (RBMP) and based on the natural configuration of bodies of water (rivers, estuaries, lakes etc.). The FRMP provides a range of objectives and programmes of measures identified to address risks from all flood sources. These are drawn from the many risk management authority plans already in place but also include a range of further strategic developments for the FRMP ‘cycle’ period of 2015 to 2021. The total numbers of measures for the South West RBD FRMP are reported under the following types of flood management action: Types of flood management measures % of RBD measures Prevention – e.g. land use policy, relocating people at risk etc. 21 % Protection – e.g. various forms of asset or property-based protection 54% Preparedness – e.g. awareness raising, forecasting and warnings 21% Recovery and review – e.g. the ‘after care’ from flood events 1% Other – any actions not able to be categorised yet 3% The purpose of the HRA is to report on the likely effects of the FRMP on the network of sites that are internationally designated for nature conservation (European sites), and the HRA has been carried out at the level of detail of the plan. Many measures do not have any expected physical effects on the ground, and have been screened out of consideration including most of the measures under the categories of Prevention, Preparedness, Recovery and Review. -
Finding Common Ground
Finding common ground Integrating local and national interests on commons: guidance for assessing the community value of common land Downley Common in the Buckinghamshire Chilterns. 25a Bell Street, Henley-on-Thames, Oxon RG9 2BA tel: 01491 573535 fax 01491 573051 e-mail: [email protected] website: www.oss.org.uk (registered in England and Wales, limited company number 7846516, registered charity number 144840) March 2010 with minor revisions January 2013 About this report This work was commissioned by Natural England and funded through its Ma- jor Project on Common Land. The objective of the work, as given in the work specification, is to identify mechanisms to recognise and take account of local community interests on commons, hence complementing established criteria used in assessing national importance of land for interests such as nature con- servation and landscape. The intention is not that community interests should be graded or weighed and balanced against national interests, but rather that they should be given proper recognition and attention when considering man- agement on a common, seeking to integrate local and national aspirations within management frameworks. Specifically, the purpose of the commission was to provide information to enable the user or practitioner to: i be aware of issues relating to the community interests of common land, ii assess the importance of common land to local neighbourhoods, iii engage with communities and understand their perspectives, iv incorporate community concerns in any scheme examining the future and management of commons. The advice and views presented in this report are entirely those of the Open Spaces Society and its officers. -
Lignocellulosic Feedstock in the UK
Lignocellulosic feedstock in the UK November 2014 A report for the Lignocellulosic Biorefinery Network Authors: Davide Di Maio and David Turley Reviewer: Lucy Hopwood Disclaimer While NNFCC considers that the information and opinions given in this work are sound, all parties must rely on their own skill and judgement when making use of it NNFCC will not assume any liability to anyone for any loss or damage arising out of the provision of this report. NNFCC NNFCC is a leading international consultancy with expertise on the conversion of biomass to bioenergy, biofuels and bio-based products. NNFCC, Biocentre, Phone: +44 (0)1904 435182 York Science Park, Fax: +44 (0)1904 435345 Innovation Way, E: [email protected] Heslington, York, Web: www.nnfcc.co.uk YO10 5DG. 2 Executive Summary NNFCC was commissioned by the Lignocellulosic Biorefinery Network (LBNet) to survey the potential availability of existing domestic lignocellulosic non-food crop feedstock wastes and residues to support the development of UK biorefineries. The objective was to assess the current availability of domestic crop and forest residues; dedicated biomass crops; green waste and waste from the paper industry. Current competing uses for these materials were identified and the potential to expand the resource examined. Impacts of regional and temporal variability were considered and data on costs and composition were collated. The analysis highlighted that the UK has nearly 16 million tons of biomass waste arising from the feedstocks studied. The greatest contributions to this total are from green waste, agricultural straw and a significant amount of waste paper that is currently collected but not recycled in the UK. -
The Availability of Land for Perennial Energy Crops in Great Britain
GCB Bioenergy (2014) 6, 99–107, doi: 10.1111/gcbb.12147 The availability of land for perennial energy crops in Great Britain ANDREW LOVETT, GILLA SU¨ NNENBERG andTRUDIE DOCKERTY School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK Abstract This paper defines the potentially available land for perennial energy crops across Great Britain as the first com- ponent of a broader appraisal undertaken by the ‘Spatial Modelling of Bioenergy in Great Britain to 2050’ pro- ject. Combining data on seven primary constraints in a GIS reduced the available area to just over 9 M ha (40% of GB). Adding other restrictions based on land cover naturalness scores to represent landscape considerations resulted in a final area of 8.5 M ha (37% of GB). This distribution was compared with the locations of Miscanthus and SRC willow established under the English Energy Crop Scheme during 2001–2011 and it was found that 83% of the planting fell within the defined available land. Such a correspondence provides confidence that the factors considered in the analysis were broadly consistent with previous planting decisions. Keywords: geographical information systems, land availability, land use, landscape sensitivity, perennial energy crops, planting constraints Received 25 May 2013; accepted 4 September 2013 Energy & Climate Change, Department for Environ- Introduction ment, Food & Rural Affairs, Department for Transport, There is a substantial degree of uncertainty regarding 2012; p.77). These feedstocks can take a variety of forms, the long-term development of the global bioenergy sec- including algae, biodegradable wastes and residues, for- tor and the capacity for sustainable increases in biomass estry products and agricultural crops (both food and supply. -
Unravelling Devon Involvement in Slave-Ownership Lucy
Unravelling Devon involvement in Slave-Ownership Lucy MacKeith ‘The early history of the United States of America owes more to Devon than to any other English county.’ Charles Owen (ed.), The Devon-American Story (1980) My task this afternoon is to unravel Devon’s involvement in slave-ownership. I have found the task overwhelming because of constantly finding new information – there are leads to follow down little branches of family trees, there are Devon’s country houses, a wealth of documents, and – of course – the internet. So this is a VERY brief introduction to unravelling Devon’s involvement with slave- ownership – much has been left out. Let’s start with Elias Ball. His story is in Slaves in the Family, written by descendant Edward Ball and published in 1998. Elias Ball by Jeremiah Theus (1716-1774). ‘Elias Ball, ...was born in 1676 in a tiny hamlet in western England called Stokeinteignhead. He inherited a plantation in Carolina at the end of the seventeenth century ...His life shows how one family entered the slave business in the birth hours of America. It is a tale composed equally of chance, choice and blood.’ The book has many Devon links – an enslaved woman called Jenny Buller reminds us of Redvers Buller’s family, a hill in one of the Ball plantations called ‘Hallidon Hill’ reminds us of Haldon Hill just outside Exeter; two family members return to England, one after the American War of Independence. This was Colonel Wambaw Elias Ball who had been involved in trading in enslaved Africans in Carolina. He was paid £12,700 sterling from the British Treasury and a lifetime pension in compensation for the slaves he had lost in the war of independence. -
Annual Report 2010-2011
Incorporating community services in Exeter, East and Mid Devon AAnnualnnual RReporteport 2010 - 2011 Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust 2 CContentsontents Introduction . 3 Trust background . 4 Our area . 7 Our community . 7 Transforming Community Services (TCS) . 7 Our values . 7 Our vision . 7 Patient experience . 9 What you thought in 2010-11 . 10 Telling us what you think . .12 Investment in services for patients . 13 Keeping patients informed . 15 Outpatient reminder scheme launched in April 2011 . 15 Involving patients and the public in improving services . 16 Patient Safety . .17 Safe care in a safe environment . .18 Doing the rounds . 18 Preventing infections . 18 Norovirus . 18 A learning culture . 19 High ratings from staff . .20 Performance . 21 Value for money . 22 Accountability . 22 Keeping waiting times down . 22 Meeting the latest standards . 22 Customer relations . 23 Effective training and induction . .24 Dealing with violence and aggression . 24 Operating and Financial Review . 25 Statement of Internal Control . 39 Remuneration report . .46 Head of Intenal Audit opinion . 50 Accounts . 56 Annual Report 2010 - 11 3 IIntroductionntroduction Running a complex organisation is about ensuring that standards are maintained and improved at the everyday level while taking the right decisions for the longer term. The key in both hospital and community-based services is to safeguard the quality of care and treatment for patients. That underpins everything we do. And as this report shows, there were some real advances last year. For example, our new service for people with wet, age-related macular degeneration (WAMD) – a common cause of blindness – was recognised as among the best in the South West. -
West of Exeter Route Resilience Study Summer 2014
West of Exeter Route Resilience Study Summer 2014 Photo: Colin J Marsden Contents Summer 2014 Network Rail – West of Exeter Route Resilience Study 02 1. Executive summary 03 2. Introduction 06 3. Remit 07 4. Background 09 5. Threats 11 6. Options 15 7. Financial and economic appraisal 29 8. Summary 34 9. Next steps 37 Appendices A. Historical 39 B. Measures to strengthen the existing railway 42 1. Executive summary Summer 2014 Network Rail – West of Exeter Route Resilience Study 03 a. The challenge the future. A successful option must also off er value for money. The following options have been identifi ed: Diffi cult terrain inland between Exeter and Newton Abbot led Isambard Kingdom Brunel to adopt a coastal route for the South • Option 1 - The base case of continuing the current maintenance Devon Railway. The legacy is an iconic stretch of railway dependent regime on the existing route. upon a succession of vulnerable engineering structures located in Option 2 - Further strengthening the existing railway. An early an extremely challenging environment. • estimated cost of between £398 million and £659 million would Since opening in 1846 the seawall has often been damaged by be spread over four Control Periods with a series of trigger and marine erosion and overtopping, the coastal track fl ooded, and the hold points to refl ect funding availability, spend profi le and line obstructed by cliff collapses. Without an alternative route, achieved level of resilience. damage to the railway results in suspension of passenger and Option 3 (Alternative Route A)- The former London & South freight train services to the South West peninsula. -
University Public Transport Map and Guide 2018
Fancy a trip to Dartmouth Plymouth Sidmouth Barnstaple Sampford Peverell Uffculme Why not the beach? The historic port of Dartmouth Why not visit the historic Take a trip to the seaside at Take a trip to North Devon’s Main Bus has a picturesque setting, maritime City of Plymouth. the historic Regency town main town, which claims to be There are lots of possibilities near Halberton Willand Services from being built on a steep wooded As well as a wide selection of of Sidmouth, located on the the oldest borough in England, try a day Exeter, and all are easy to get to valley overlooking the River shops including the renowned Jurassic Coast. Take a stroll having been granted its charter Cullompton by public transport: Tiverton Exeter Dart. The Pilgrim Fathers sailed Drakes Circus shopping centre, along the Esplanade, explore in 930. There’s a wide variety Copplestone out by bus? Bickleigh Exmouth – Trains run every from Dartmouth in 1620 and you can walk up to the Hoe the town or stroll around the of shops, while the traditional Bradninch There are lots of great places to half hour and Service 57 bus many historic buildings from for a great view over Plymouth Connaught Gardens. Pannier Market is well worth Crediton runs from Exeter Bus station to Broadclyst visit in Devon, so why not take this period remain, including Sound, visit the historic a visit. Ottery St Mary Exmouth, Monday to Saturday Dartmouth Castle, Agincourt Barbican, or take a trip to view Exeter a trip on the bus and enjoy the Airport every 15 mins, (daytime) and Newton St Cyres House and the Cherub Pub, the ships in Devonport.